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a flame; when the oil fails, when we do not practice almsgiving, the spirit is quenched. For it came to you from the almsgiving of God; then it sees that this fruit is not in you, and it flies away; for it does not remain with a merciless soul. But when the spirit is quenched, you know the rest, as many of you as have walked in a moonless night. And if it is difficult to walk the road from earth to earth at night, how is the one leading from earth to heaven safe? Do you not know how many demons are in this interval, how many beasts, how many spiritual hosts of wickedness? If, then, we have that light, they will not be able to harm us at all; but if we quench it, they quickly seize us, quickly carry off all our things; since even robbers, first extinguishing the lamp, then plunder. For they see in this darkness, since they do the works of darkness; but we are unaccustomed to that light. Let us not then quench it. Every evil deed quenches this light, and reviling, and insolence, and whatever you might name. For just as with fire, everything foreign to it is destructive to it, but that which is akin to it kindles it; so also with this light, if there is anything dry, anything warm, anything fiery, it kindles the flame of the spirit. Let us therefore bring nothing cold, nothing damp; for these things are destructive to it. There is also another explanation. Many among them, some were truly prophesying, but others were lying. This he also says in the epistle to the Corinthians, that for this reason he had given the discernment of spirits. For the devil, being defiled, wished through this gift to overturn the whole of the Church. For since both foretold things to come, both the demon and the spirit, but the one lying, the other telling the truth, and there was no way to get proof of either, but each spoke without being called to account, like Jeremiah and Ezekiel; but when the time came they were convicted, he also gave the discernment of spirits. Since therefore at that time among the Thessalonians many were prophesying, to whom he also alludes elsewhere saying, Be not soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us, as that the day of the Lord is at hand; having said, Quench not the Spirit, he added opportunely, and what follows, Despise not, he says, prophesyings. What he therefore wants to make clear here 62.463 is this: do not, because there are some false prophets among you, on their account hinder these others also and turn away from them; do not quench them; that is, do not despise prophesyings. 2. Do you see that this is what he says, Test all things. Since he said, Despise not prophesyings, lest they should think that he has opened the platform to all, Test all things, he says, hold fast what is good, that is, the true prophesies. Abstain from every form of evil; not from this or that, but, From every; both the false and the true, that you may distinguish with testing, and abstain from the one, and hold to the other. For thus the hatred of the one will be vehement, and the love of the other comes to be, when we do all things not simply or without examination, but with precision. Now may the God of peace himself sanctify you completely, and may your whole spirit and soul and body be kept blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. See the affection of a teacher; after the exhortation he adds also a prayer; and not this only, but also in his letters; for there is need of both counsel and prayer. For this reason we also first give counsel, then we make prayers for you; and the initiated know this. But Paul rightly did this, having great boldness toward God; but we are ashamed and without boldness; but since we were appointed for this, we do it, being unworthy even to stand by and to hold the place of the last disciples; but since grace works even through the unworthy, not for their own sakes, but for the sake of those who are about to

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φλόγα· ὅταν τὸ ἔλαιον ἐκλίπῃ, ὅταν ἐλεημοσύνην μὴ ποιῶμεν, σβέννυται τὸ πνεῦμα. Καὶ γὰρ ἀπὸ ἐλεημοσύνης τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ ἦλθε πρὸς σέ· εἶτα τὸν καρπὸν τοῦτον ὁρᾷ μὴ ὄντα παρὰ σοὶ, καὶ ἀφίπταται· οὐ μένει γὰρ παρὰ ψυχῇ ἀνελεήμονι. Σβεσθέντος δὲ τοῦ πνεύματος, τὰ λοιπὰ ἴστε ὅσοι ἐν ἀσελήνῳ νυκτὶ ἐβαδίσατε. Εἰ δὲ τὴν ἀπὸ γῆς εἰς γῆν ὁδὸν βαδίζειν δυσχερὲς ἐν νυκτὶ, τὴν ἀπὸ γῆς εἰς οὐρανὸν φέρουσαν πῶς ἀσφαλές; Οὐκ ἴστε πόσοι δαίμονες ἐν τῷ διαστήματι τούτῳ, πόσα θηρία, πόσα πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας; Ἂν μὲν οὖν ἐκεῖνο τὸ φῶς ἔχωμεν, οὐδὲν ἡμᾶς βλάψαι δυνήσονται· ἂν δὲ σβέσωμεν αὐτὸ, ταχέως ἡμᾶς ἁλίσκουσι, ταχέως πάντα τὰ ἡμῶν ἐκφοροῦσιν· ἐπεὶ καὶ οἱ λῃσταὶ πρότερον τὴν λαμπάδα σβέσαντες, τότε λῃστεύουσιν. Ἐκεῖνοι μὲν γὰρ ὁρῶσιν ἐν τῷ σκότει τούτῳ, ἐπειδὴ τὰ τοῦ σκότους πράττουσιν· ἡμεῖς δὲ ἀήθεις ἐσμὲν ἐκείνου τοῦ φωτός. Μὴ τοίνυν σβέσωμεν αὐτό. Πᾶσα πονηρὰ πρᾶξις σβέννυσι τοῦτο τὸ φῶς, καὶ λοιδορία, καὶ ὕβρις, καὶ ὅπερ ἂν εἴπῃς. Καθάπερ γὰρ ἐπὶ τοῦ πυρὸς πᾶν τὸ ἀλλότριον αὐτοῦ ἀναιρετικὸν αὐτοῦ ἐστιν, ἐκεῖνο δὲ ἀνάπτει αὐτὸ, ὅπερ αὐτοῦ συγγενές ἐστιν· οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ φωτὸς τούτου, εἴ τι ξηρὸν, εἴ τι θερμὸν, εἴ τι διάπυρον, ἀνάπτει τὴν φλόγα τοῦ πνεύματος. Μηδὲν οὖν ψυχρὸν, μηδὲν ὑγρὸν ἐπιφέρωμεν· ταῦτα γὰρ τούτου ἀναιρετικά. Ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλη ἐξήγησις. Πολλοὶ παρ' αὐτοῖς, οἱ μὲν προεφήτευον ἀληθῶς, οἱ δὲ ἐψεύδοντο. Τοῦτο καὶ ἐν τῇ πρὸς Κορινθίους φησὶ, διακρίσεις πνευμάτων διὰ τοῦτο δεδωκέναι. Μιαρὸς γὰρ ὢν ὁ διάβολος, ἠθέλησε διὰ τοῦ χαρίσματος τούτου τὸ πᾶν ἀνατρέψαι τῆς Ἐκκλησίας. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀμφότεροι περὶ μελλόντων προὔλεγον, καὶ ὁ δαίμων καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα, ἀλλ' ὁ μὲν ψευδόμενος, τὸ δὲ ἀληθεῦον, καὶ οὐδαμόθεν ἦν ἑκατέρου τεκμήριον λαβεῖν, ἀλλ' ἀνευθύνως ἑκάτεροι ἔλεγον, ὡς ὁ Ἱερεμίας καὶ ὁ Ἰεζεκιήλ· ἀλλ' ἐλθόντος τοῦ καιροῦ ἠλέγχθησαν, ἔδωκε καὶ διακρίσεις πνευμάτων. Ἐπεὶ οὖν καὶ τότε παρὰ Θεσσαλονικεῦσι πολλοὶ προεφήτευον, οὓς καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ αἰνίττεται λέγων, Μὴ θροεῖσθε μήτε διὰ λόγου, μήτε δι' ἐπιστολῆς, ὡς δι' ἡμῶν, ὡς ὅτι ἐνέστηκεν ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ Κυρίου· εἰπὼν, Τὸ πνεῦμα μὴ σβέννυτε, προσέθηκεν εὐκαίρως, καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς, Προφητείας, λέγων, μὴ ἐξουθενεῖτε. Ὃ οὖν ἐνταῦθα 62.463 δηλοῦν βούλεται, τοῦτό ἐστι· Μὴ ἐπειδή τινες ψευδοπροφῆται παρ' ὑμῖν εἰσι, δι' ἐκείνους καὶ τούτους κωλύσητε καὶ ἀποστραφῆτε αὐτούς· μὴ σβέννυτε αὐτούς· τουτέστι, προφητείας μὴ ἐξουθενεῖτε. βʹ. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι τοῦτό ἐστιν ὅ φησι, Πάντα δοκιμάζετε. Ἐπειδὴ εἶπε, Προφητείας μὴ ἐξουθενεῖτε, ἵνα μὴ νομίσωσιν ὅτι πᾶσιν ἀνέῳξε τὸ βῆμα, Πάντα, φησὶ, δοκιμάζετε, τὸ δὲ καλὸν κατέχετε, τουτέστι, τὰς ὄντως προφητείας. Ἀπὸ παντὸς εἴδους πονηροῦ ἀπέχεσθε· μὴ τούτου ἢ ἐκείνου, ἀλλ', Ἀπὸ παντός· καὶ τὰ ψευδῆ καὶ τὰ ἀληθῆ ἵνα μετὰ δοκιμασίας διακρίνητε, καὶ ἐκείνων ἀπέχησθε, καὶ τούτων ἔχησθε. Οὕτω γὰρ κἀκείνων σφοδρὸν τὸ μῖσος ἔσται, καὶ τούτων ἡ ἀγάπη γίνεται, ὅταν μὴ ἁπλῶς μηδὲ ἀνεξετάστως, ἀλλὰ μετὰ ἀκριβείας ἅπαντα πράττωμεν. Αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ Θεὸς τῆς εἰρήνης ἁγιάσαι ὑμᾶς ὁλοτελεῖς, καὶ ὁλόκληρον ὑμῶν τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ τὸ σῶμα ἀμέμπτως ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τηρηθείη. Ὅρα διδασκάλου φιλοστοργίαν· μετὰ τὴν παραίνεσιν καὶ εὐχὴν ἐπάγει· καὶ οὐ τοῦτο μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τοῖς γράμμασι· δεῖ γὰρ καὶ συμβουλῆς καὶ εὐχῆς. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἡμεῖς πρότερον συμβουλεύοντες, τότε τὰς ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν εὐχὰς ποιούμεθα· καὶ τοῦτο ἴσασιν οἱ μεμυημένοι. Ἀλλ' ὁ μὲν Παῦλος εἰκότως τοῦτο ἐποίει, πολλὴν πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν τὴν παῤῥησίαν ἔχων· ἡμεῖς δὲ κατῃσχυμμένοι καὶ ἀπαῤῥησίαστοι ὄντες· ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ εἰς τοῦτο ἐτάχθημεν, πράττομεν αὐτὸ, ἀνάξιοι μὲν ὄντες καὶ παρεστάναι, καὶ τῶν ἐσχάτων μαθητῶν τὸν τόπον ἐπέχειν· ἐπειδὴ δὲ καὶ δι' ἀναξίων ἡ χάρις ἐνεργεῖ, οὐ δι' αὐτοὺς, ἀλλὰ διὰ τοὺς μέλλοντας