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If someone is found saying the Son is greater than the Spirit, but also the Spirit than the Son, as divine Cyril also says in the *Thesauri*: for having set forth that which was said by the Savior, «but if I cast out demons by the Spirit of God», he added, «if God is glorified by casting out demons through the energy of the Spirit, how is that in which He is glorified not greater than Him?» Establishing from this that the Holy Spirit is uncreated. For how could He have provided emphasis of such a greater one upon a creature, from what the Lord said? But such things are said of both the Son and the Spirit not because they are causes of each other, far from it, but because of the varied and manifold wisdom of God in the economy toward us, showing through each other (p. 300) the equality of both in all things, I mean of the Son and of the Spirit.

But Cyril of Alexandria, they say, says that the Son has naturally in Himself the proper and excellent things of the Father, the property of the one who begot Him passing over to Him naturally, and he says the Spirit is from the essence of the Son and, poured forth from the Father through the Son, sanctifies creation, and is poured forth essentially from both. And again in the seventh of the treatises *Against Hermias* he makes these things clear to us concerning the Son: «for absolving», he says, «from sins the one who adheres to Him, He then anoints with His own Spirit, which He Himself sends forth as the Word from God the Father and which springs up for us from His own nature. And not having it by measure does He give the Spirit, according to the voice of John, but He Himself sends it forth from Himself, just as, of course, the Father does also».

It is time now for us to say to the one who proposes such things: are you still without understanding, and having heard very often from us above, have you not understood that God and existence from God is both causeless and timeless? For here he says 'poured forth' and 'sanctifying creation'. Hearing, then, that 'to be poured forth' is temporal and for a cause (for it is poured forth after and for the sake of that which is sanctified; for how could it not be?), and moreover that it is given by the Son for the remission of sins, just as, of course, also by the Father, and hearing that it does not spring forth absolutely but for some, do you not remember what you have been taught by us and by the truth, that the pre-eternal procession of the Holy Spirit from the Father is not for something, nor for some people, nor at all under time? And if he also said it is poured forth essentially from both, it is nothing new. For as visiting the apostles and acting more perfectly, and as Gregory the Theologian says, (p. 302) «essentially, as one might say, present and dwelling with them». What then, was not the mission of the Word to us also essential, having come from both the Father and the Spirit? But the mission was not a begetting; for the Son is not begotten from both, nor for our sake, nor after us, even if after us He descended for our sake essentially, having been united to our nature hypostatically and having become as we are for our sake, being not only before us, but also before the ages, begotten from the Father alone. So then the Holy Spirit was also sent essentially from both recently, and, if you wish, has also been poured out from both; for it was called living water. And «John indeed baptized with water; but you,» says the Lord, «will be baptized in the Holy Spirit». How then could they have been baptized, if the living water had not been poured out?

It was poured out, then, essentially for our sake and after us; for it manifested itself by providing its divine power, but it is also always present with us essentially, and entirely also hypostatically, even if we partake least of all of the essence or of the hypostasis, but of the grace. But it proceeds not only before us, but also before the ages without cause from the Father alone. But of the church at the same time both the foundation and

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Εἰ δέ τις εὕρηται μείζω λέγων τόν Υἱόν τοῦ Πνεύματος, ἀλλά καί τό Πνεῦμα τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ὡς καί ὁ θεῖος Κύριλλος ἐν Θησαυροῖς φησι˙ προθείς γάρ ἐκεῖνο τό παρά τοῦ Σωτῆρος εἰρημένον, «εἰ δέ ἐγώ ἐν Πνεύματι Θεοῦ ἐκβάλλω τά δαιμόνια», ἐπήνεγκεν, «εἰ διά τῆς ἐνεργείας τοῦ Πνεύματος Θεός ἐξελαύνων τά δαιμόνια δοξάζεται, πῶς οὐ μεῖζόν ἐστι αὐτοῦ, τό ἐν ᾧ δοξάζεται»; Κατασκευάζων ἐντεῦθεν ἄκτιστον εἶναι τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον. Πῶς γάρ ἄν ἐπί κτίσματος ἔμφασιν ἐξ ὧν εἶπεν ὁ Κύριος παρεῖχε τοῦ τοιούτου μείζονος; Λέγεται δέ τά τοιαῦτα ἐπί τε τοῦ Υἱοῦ καί τοῦ Πνεύματος οὐ διά τό ἀλλήλων αἴτια ὑπάρχειν, ἄπαγε, ἀλλά διά τό ποικίλον καί πολυειδές τῆς κατά τήν πρός ἡμᾶς οἰκονομίαν σοφίας τοῦ Θεοῦ δι᾿ ἀλλήλων (σελ. 300) τό ἴσον ἐν πᾶσι δεικνύσης ἀμφοτέρων, τοῦ Υἱοῦ λέγω καί τοῦ Πνεύματος.

Ἀλλ᾿ ὁ τῆς Ἀλεξανδρείας, φασί, Κύριλλος, ἔχειν φησί τόν Υἱόν φυσικῶς ἐν ἑαυτῷ τά τοῦ Πατρός ἴδια καί ἐξαίρετα, διαβαινούσης εἰς αὐτόν φυσικῶς τῆς τοῦ γεννήσαντος ἰδιότητος, καί ἐκ τῆς οὐσίας τοῦ Υἱοῦ τό Πνεῦμα λέγει καί προχεόμενον ἐκ Πατρός δι᾿ Υἱοῦ τήν κτίσιν ἁγιάζειν, καί ἐξ ἀμφοῖν προχεόμενον οὐσιωδῶς. Καί αὖθις ἐν ἑβδόμῳ τῶν Πρός Ἑρμείαν ἐξενηνεγμένων λόγων περί τοῦ Υἱοῦ ταῦθ᾿ ἡμῖν διατρανοῖ˙ «ἀπολύων γάρ», φησίν, «ἁμαρτίας τόν αὐτῷ προσκείμενον, τῷ ἰδίῳ λοιπόν καταχρίει Πνεύματι, ὅπερ ἐνίησι μέν αὐτός ὡς ἐκ Θεοῦ Πατρός Λόγος καί ἐξ ἰδίας ἡμῖν ἀναπηγάζει φύσεως. Καί οὐκ ἐκ μέτρου ἔχων δίδωσι τό Πνεῦμα κατά τήν Ἰωάννου φωνήν, ἀλλ᾿ αὐτός ἐνίησιν ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ, καθάπερ ἀμέλει καί ὁ Πατήρ».

Καιρός δή ἡμῖν εἰπεῖν πρός τόν τά τοιαῦτα προβαλλόμενον˙ ἔτ᾿ ἀσύνετος εἶ καί οὐδ᾿ ἀκηκοώς πάνυ πολλάκις ἀνωτέρω παρ᾿ ἡμῶν συνῆκας, ὅτι Θεός καί ἐκ Θεοῦ ὕπαρξις ἀναίτιός τε καί ὑπέρχρονος; Ἐνταῦθα γάρ προχεόμενον φησι καί τήν κτίσιν ἁγιάζον. Χρονικόν τοίνυν καί δι᾿ αἰτίαν ἀκούων τό προχεῖσθαι (καί γάρ μετ᾿ αὐτήν καί δι᾿ αὐτήν προκέχυται τήν ἁγιαζομένην˙ πῶς γάρ οὔ;), πρός δέ καί εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν διδόμενον παρά τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ὥσπερ ἀμέλει καί παρά τοῦ Πατρός, καί οὐκ ἀπολύτως πηγαζόμενον ἀλλά τισίν ἀκούων, οὐκ ἀναμιμνήσκῃ ὅ διδαχθείς ἔχεις παρ᾿ ἡμῶν τε καί τῆς ἀληθείας, ὡς ἡ παρά τοῦ Πατρός προαιώνιος τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος ἐκπόρευσις οὐ διά τι οὐδέ πρός τινας οὔτε ὑπό χρόνον ὅλως; Εἰ δέ καί οὐσιωδῶς ἐξ ἀμφοῖν εἶπε προχεόμενον, οὐδέν καινόν. Ὡς γάρ ἐπιδημοῦν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις καί ἐνεργοῦν τελεώτερον, καί ὡς Γρηγόριος ὁ θεολόγος λέγει, (σελ. 302) «οὐσιωδῶς ὡς ἄν εἴποι τις παρόν καί συμπολιτευόμενον˙. Τί δέ, οὐκ οὐσιώδης ἦν καί ἡ πρός ἡμᾶς ἀποστολή τοῦ Λόγου, ἐξ ἀμφοῖν τοῦ Πατρός γενομένη καί τοῦ Πνεύματος; Ἀλλ᾿ ἡ ἀποστολή γέννησις οὐκ ἦν˙ οὐ γάρ ἐξ ἀμφοῖν ὁ Υἱός γεγέννηται, οὐδέ δι᾿ ἡμᾶς, ἀλλ᾿ οὐδέ μεθ᾿ ἡμᾶς, εἰ καί μεθ᾿ ἡμᾶς δι᾿ ἡμᾶς οὐσιωδῶς κατῆλθεν ἑνωθείς τῇ καθ᾿ ἡμᾶς φύσει καθ᾿ ὑπόστασιν καί γεγονώς καθ᾿ ἡμᾶς ὑπέρ ἡμῶν, μή πρό ἡμῶν μόνον, ἀλλά καί πρό τῶν αἰώνων, ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός γεγεννημένος ὤν. Καί τό Πνεῦμα τοίνυν τό ἅγιον οὐσιωδῶς ἐπέμφθη ἐξ ἀμφοῖν ἀρτίως, εἰ δέ βούλει, καί ἐκκέχυται παρ᾿ ἀμφοτέρων˙ ὕδωρ γάρ ἐκλήθη ζῶν. Καί «Ἰωάννης μέν ἐβάπτισεν ὕδατι˙ ὑμεῖς δέ, φησίν ὁ Κύριος, βαπτισθήσεσθε ἐν Πνεύματι ἁγίῳ». Πῶς ἄν οὖν ἐβαπτίσθησαν, μή τοῦ ζῶντος ἐκχυθέντος ὕδατος;

Ἐκκέχυται τοίνυν οὐσιωδῶς δι᾿ ἡμᾶς καί μεθ᾿ ἡμᾶς˙ αὐτό γάρ ἐφανερώθη δι᾿ ἑαυτοῦ τήν θείαν δύναμιν παρέχον, ἀλλά καί πάρεστιν ἀεί οὐσιωδῶς ἡμῖν, πάντως δέ καί καθ᾿ ὑπόστασιν, κἄν ἡμεῖς τῆς οὐσίας ἤ τῆς ὑποστάσεως ἥκιστα μετέχωμεν, ἀλλά τῆς χάριτος. Ἐκπορεύεται δέ οὐ πρό ἡμῶν μόνον, ἀλλά καί πρό τῶν αἰώνων ἀναιτίως ἐκ μόνου τοῦ Πατρός. Ὁ δέ τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἐν ταὐτῷ καί θεμέλιος καί