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is not sunk down by poverty, nor is he veiled by it, but is even adorned by it; thus it is possible for one having nothing to possess the things of all, thus it is possible to own the things of all; but if we should acquire the things of all, we are deprived of all things. Therefore, he who considers his possessions as common, and not his own, will use not only his own things, but also those of others as his own; but he who separates himself and makes himself master of his own things only, will not even be master of these. For he who possesses nothing at all, neither house, nor table, nor a spare garment, but has been deprived of all things for God's sake, uses the common things as his own, and from all, whatever he wishes, he will receive, and thus he who has nothing possesses the things of all. But he who has something will not even be master of these things; for no one will give to the one who already possesses; and his things will belong more to robbers and thieves and slanderers and the change of circumstances, and to all things, rather than to him. And, if you wish, let me bring forth the very man who said and did these things, the tent-maker, the Cilician, whose homeland was not even clear. This man, at least, ran through the whole inhabited world in hunger and thirst and nakedness, carrying absolutely nothing with him, not going to a friend, nor to acquaintances; for at first he was a common enemy to all; but nevertheless he had all things after he entered. But Ananias and Sapphira, in order that they might possess some small part of their own things, fell away from all things, along with life itself. Depart therefore from your own things, so that you may use as your own the things of others. For just as he who has a wicked conscience, even if he is clothed in the wealth of all, is more miserable than all; so also he who has a purified conscience, even if he is clothed in rags and wrestling with hunger, is more cheerful than those who live in extreme luxury. For this reason you have money, so that you may relieve poverty, not so that you may traffic in poverty; but you, under the pretext of consolation, work a greater misfortune, and you sell philanthropy for money. Sell, I do not forbid it, but for the kingdom of heaven. Do not take a small price for so great a right action, an interest of one percent, but that immortal life. Why are you a beggar and poor and petty, selling great things for a trifle, for money that perishes? Why, leaving God, do you gain human gains? Why, passing by the one who is rich, do you trouble the one who has not, and leaving behind the one who repays, do you deal with the one who is ungrateful? That one desires to repay, but this one is even annoyed when repaying; this one barely repays the one percent, but that one a hundredfold, and eternal life; this one with insults and revilings, that one with praises and words of good omen; this one stirs up envy against you, but that one even weaves crowns for you; this one barely here, but that one both there and here. Is it not therefore of the utmost folly, this, to not even know how to make a profit? Money must be possessed in the manner of masters and not of slaves, so as to rule it, and not to be ruled by it. For it is called "chremata" for this reason, that we may use it for necessary services, not that we may store it away for safekeeping; for to guard it is the part of a slave, but to spend it is the part of the master, who also has great authority. So that there is nothing more foolish than a slave of money; he seems to rule, while being ruled; he seems to be a master, while being a slave; and putting bonds on himself, he exults as if he ruled all things; and while making the beast fiercer against himself, he rejoices and leaps while becoming a captive; and seeing a raging dog leaping upon his soul, instead of binding it and wasting it with hunger, he provides it with abundant food, so that it may leap more fiercely, and be more terrible. Do not think, therefore, that from embracing many things any pleasure comes to you, but from not wishing to be rich. For if you desire to be rich, you will never cease being scourged; for this is a love that has no end, and the longer a road you travel, the further you are from the end, and the more other things you desire, the more the torments are intensified; since also when we are thirsty we recover ourselves then, when we drink as much as we wish; but as long as we are thirsty, even if we should drain all the springs, our torment becomes greater. And

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καταδύεται τῇ πενίᾳ οὐδὲ ἐγκαλύπτεται, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐγκαλλωπίζεται· οὕτως ἔστι μηδὲν ἔχοντα τὰ πάντων κατέχειν, οὕτως ἔστι τὰ πάντων κεκτῆσθαι· ἂν δὲ κτησώμεθα τὰ πάντων, τῶν πάντων ἀπεστερήμεθα. Ὁ κοινὰ τοίνυν τὰ ὑπάρχοντα, καὶ οὐκ ἴδια λογιζόμενος, οὐ τοῖς αὑτοῦ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς ἑτέρων χρήσεται ὡς ἰδίοις· ὁ δὲ ἀποσχίζων καὶ ποιῶν ἑαυτὸν κύριον τῶν ἑαυτοῦ μόνων, οὐδὲ τούτων ἔσται κύριος. Ὁ γὰρ μηδὲν ὅλως κεκτημένος, μήτε οἰκίαν, μήτε τράπεζαν, μήτε περιττὸν ἱμάτιον, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸν Θεὸν πάντων ἀπεστερημένος, ὡς ἰδίοις κέχρηται τοῖς κοινοῖς, καὶ παρὰ πάντων, ἅπερ ἂν θέλῃ λήψεται, καὶ οὕτω τὰ πάντων ὁ μηδὲν ἔχων κατέχει. Ὁ δὲ ἔχων τινὰ οὐδὲ τούτων ἔσται κύριος· οὔτε γὰρ δώσει τις τῷ κεκτημένῳ· καὶ λῃστῶν καὶ κλεπτῶν καὶ συκοφαντῶν καὶ μεταβολῆς πραγμάτων, καὶ πάντων μᾶλλον ἔσται, ἢ ἐκείνου τὰ ἐκείνου. Καὶ, εἰ βούλει, αὐτὸν τὸν ταῦτα εἰρηκότα καὶ πεπραχότα, τὸν σκηνοποιὸν, τὸν Κίλικα, τὸν οὐδὲ τίνος ἦν πατρίδος δῆλον, παραγάγω εἰς μέσον. Οὗτος γοῦν τὴν ἅπασαν διέδραμεν οἰκουμένην ἐν λιμῷ καὶ δίψει καὶ γυμνότητι, οὐδὲν ὅλως ἐπιφερόμενος, οὐ πρὸς φίλον ἀπιὼν, οὐ πρὸς συνήθεις· καὶ γὰρ κοινὸς ἐν ἀρχῇ πολέμιος πᾶσιν ἦν· ἀλλ' ὅμως τὰ πάντα εἶχε μετὰ τὸ εἰσελθεῖν. Ὁ δὲ Ἀνανίας καὶ ἡ Σάπφειρα, ἵνα μικρόν τι τῶν ἰδίων κτήσωνται, πάντων ἐξέπεσον μετὰ καὶ αὐτῆς τῆς ζωῆς. Μετάστηθι τοίνυν τῶν σῶν, ἵνα ὡς ἰδίοις χρήσῃ τοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ πονηρὰ συνειδὼς ἑαυτῷ, κἂν τὰ πάντων περιβέ 63.644 βληται χρήματα, πάντων ἐστὶν ἀθλιώτερος· οὕτω καὶ ὁ τὸ συνειδὸς κεκαθαρμένον ἔχων, κἂν ῥάκια περιβεβλημένος ᾖ, καὶ λιμῷ παλαίων, τῶν σφόδρα τρυφώντων ἐστὶν εὐθυμότερος. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο χρήματα ἔχεις, ἵνα λύσῃς πενίαν, οὐχ ἵνα πραγματεύσῃ πενίαν· σὺ δὲ ἐν προσχήματι παραμυθίας μείζονα ἐργάζῃ τὴν συμφορὰν, καὶ πωλεῖς φιλανθρωπίαν χρημάτων. Πώλησον, οὐ κωλύω, ἀλλὰ βασιλείας οὐρανῶν. Μὴ μικρὰν λάβῃς τιμὴν τοῦ τοσούτου κατορθώματος τόκον ἑκατοστιαῖον, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἀθάνατον ζωὴν ἐκείνην. Τί πτωχὸς εἶ καὶ πένης καὶ μικρολόγος, ὀλίγου τὰ μεγάλα πωλῶν, χρημάτων ἀπολλυμένων; τί τὸν Θεὸν ἀφεὶς ἀνθρώπινα κερδαίνεις κέρδη; τί τὸν πλουτοῦντα παραδραμὼν, τὸν οὐκ ἔχοντα ἐνοχλεῖς, καὶ τὸν ἀποδιδόντα καταλιπὼν, τῷ ἀγνωμονοῦντι συμβάλλεις; Ἐκεῖνος ἀποδοῦναι ἐπιθυμεῖ, οὗτος δὲ καὶ δυσχεραίνει ἀποδιδούς· οὗτος μόλις τὴν ἑκατοστὴν ἀποδίδωσιν, ἐκεῖνος δὲ ἑκατονταπλασίονα, καὶ ζωὴν αἰώνιον· οὗτος μετὰ ὕβρεων καὶ λοιδοριῶν, ἐκεῖνος μετὰ ἐπαίνων καὶ εὐφημίας· οὗτός σοι βασκανίαν ἐγείρει, ἐκεῖνος δὲ καὶ στεφάνους σοι πλέκει· οὗτος μόλις ἐνταῦθα, ἐκεῖνος δὲ καὶ ἐκεῖ καὶ ἐνταῦθα. Ἆρ' οὖν οὐκ ἐσχάτης τοῦτο ἀνοίας, τὸ μηδὲ εἰδέναι κερδαίνειν; Τὰ χρήματα δεῖ κεκτῆσθαι ἐν τάξει δεσποτῶν καὶ μὴ δούλων, ὥστε κρατεῖν αὐτὰ, καὶ μὴ κρατεῖσθαι παρ' αὐτῶν. Χρήματα γὰρ διὰ τοῦτο εἴρηται, ἵν' εἰς τὰς ἀναγκαίας αὐτοῖς χρώμεθα διακονίας, οὐχ ἵνα εἰς φυλακὴν ἀποθώμεθα· δούλου γὰρ τὸ τηρεῖν, τὸ δὲ ἀναλίσκειν τοῦ κυρίου, καὶ πολλὴν ἔχοντος τὴν ἐξουσίαν. Ὥστε οὐδὲν ἀφρονέστερον τοῦ χρημάτων δούλου· δοκεῖ κρατεῖν, κρατούμενος· δοκεῖ κύριος εἶναι, δοῦλος ὤν· καὶ δεσμὰ περιτιθεὶς ἑαυτῷ, ὡς πάντων κρατῶν ἀγάλλεται· καὶ χαλεπώτερον τὸ θηρίον καθ' ἑαυτοῦ ἐργαζόμενος, εὐφραίνεται καὶ πηδᾷ αἰχμάλωτος γινόμενος· καὶ ὁρῶν κύνα λυττῶντα καὶ ἐφαλλόμενον αὐτοῦ τῇ ψυχῇ, ἀνθ' ὧν δῆσαι καὶ λιμῷ τῆξαι, ἄφθονον αὐτῷ παρέχει τροφὴν, ἵνα μειζόνως ἐφάλληται, καὶ φοβερώτερος ᾖ. Μὴ τοίνυν ἀπὸ τοῦ πολλὰ περιβάλλεσθαι νόμιζέ σοι προσγίνεσθαί τινα ἡδονὴν, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τοῦ μὴ θέλειν πλουτεῖν. Ἂν γὰρ ἐπιθυμῇς πλουτεῖν, οὐδέποτε μαστιζόμενος παύσῃ· ἔρως γάρ ἐστιν οὗτος ἀτέλεστος, καὶ ὅσῳπερ ἂν προέλθῃς πλείονα ὁδὸν, τοσούτῳ μᾶλλον τοῦ τέλους ἀφέστηκας, καὶ ὅσῳ ἂν πλειόνων ἑτέρων ἐπιθυμῇς, τοσούτῳ μᾶλλον ἐπιτείνεται τὰ τῆς βασάνου· ἐπεὶ καὶ διψῶντες τότε ἀνακτώμεθα ἑαυτοὺς, ὅταν ὅσον βουλόμεθα πίνωμεν· ἕως δ' ἂν διψῶμεν, κἂν πάσας ἐξαντλήσωμεν τὰς πηγὰς, μείζων ἡμῖν ἡ βάσανος γίνεται. Καὶ