Homily LIX.

Matt. XVIII. 7.

Woe unto the world because of offenses:2284   [R.V., “occasions of stumbling,” σκανδλων; see the comment below.]for it must needs be that offenses come: but woe to that man by2285   [R.V., “through.”]whom the offense cometh.”

“And if ‘it must needs be that offenses come,’” (some one of our adversaries may perchance say), “why doth He lament over the world, when He ought rather to afford succor, and to stretch forth His hand in its behalf? For this were the part of a physician, and a protector, whereas the other might be looked for even from any ordinary person.”

What then could we possibly say, in answer to so shameless a tongue? nay what dost thou seek for equal to this healing care of His? For indeed being God He became man for thee, and took the form of a slave, and underwent all extremities, and left undone none of those things which it concerned Him to do. But inasmuch as unthankful men were nothing the better for this, He laments over them, for that after so much fostering care they continued in their unsoundness.

It was like as if over the sick man, that had had the advantage of much attendance, and who had not been willing to obey the rules of the physician, any one were to lament and say, “Woe to such a man from his infirmity, which he has increased by his own remissness.” But in that case indeed there is no advantage from the bewailing, but here this too is a kind of healing treatment to foretell what would be, and to lament it. For many oftentimes, though, when advised, they were nothing profited, yet, when mourned for, they amended.

For which reason most of all He used the word “Woe,” thoroughly to rouse them, and to make them in earnest, and to work upon them to be wakeful. And at the same time He shows forth the good will He had towards those very men and His own mildness, that He mourns for them even when gainsaying, not taking mere disgust at it, but correcting them, both with the mourning, and with the prediction, so as to win them over.

But how is this possible? he may say. For if “it must needs be that offenses come,” how is it possible to escape these? Because that the offenses come indeed must needs be, but that men should perish is not altogether of necessity. Like as though a physician should say (for nothing hinders our using the same illustration again), it must needs be that this disease should come on, but it is not a necessary consequence that he who gives heed should be of course destroyed by the disease. And this He said, as I mentioned, to awaken together with the others His disciples. For that they may not slumber, as sent unto peace and unto untroubled life, He shows many wars close upon them, from without, from within. Declaring this, Paul said, “Without were fightings, within were fears;”2286   2 Cor. vii. 5.and, “In perils among false brethren;”2287   2 Cor. xi. 26.and in his discourse to the Milesians too He said, “Also of you shall some arise speaking perverse things;”2288   Acts xx. 30.and He Himself too said, “The man’s foes shall be they of his own household.”2289   Matt. x. 36. But when He said, “It must needs be,” it is not as taking away the power of choosing for themselves, nor the freedom of the moral principle, nor as placing man’s life under any absolute constraint of circumstances, that He saith these things, but He foretells what would surely be; and this Luke hath set forth in another form of expression, “It is impossible but that offenses should come.”2290   Luke xvii. 1.

But what are the offenses?2291   σκνδαλα. The hindrances on the right way. Thus also do those on the stage call them that are skilled in those matters, them that distort their bodies.

It is not then His prediction that brings the offenses; far from it; neither because He foretold it, therefore doth it take place; but because it surely was to be, therefore He foretold it; since if those who bring in the offenses had not been minded to do wickedly, neither would the offenses have come; and if they had not been to come, neither would they have been foretold. But because those men did evil, and were incurably diseased, the offenses came, and He foretells that which is to be.

But if these men had been kept right, it may be said, and there had been no one to bring in an offense, would not this saying have been convicted of falsehood? By no means, for neither would it have been spoken. For if all were to have been kept right, He would not have said, “it must needs be that they come,” but because He foreknew they would be of themselves incorrigible, therefore He said, the offenses will surely come.

And wherefore did He not take them out of the way? it may be said. Why, wherefore should they have been taken out of the way? For the sake of them that are hurt? But not thence is the ruin of them that are hurt, but from their own remissness. And the virtuous prove it, who, so far from being injured thereby, are even in the greatest degree profited, such as was Job, such as was Joseph, such as were all the righteous, and the apostles. But if many perish, it is from their own slumbering. But if it were not so, but the ruin was the effect of the offenses, all must have perished. And if there are those who escape, let him who doth not escape impute it to himself. For the offenses, as I have said, awaken, and render more quick-sighted, and sharper, not only him that is preserved; but even him that hath fallen into them, if he rise up again quickly, for they render him more safe, and make him more difficult to overcome; so that if we be watchful, no small profit do we reap from hence, even to be continually awake. For if when we have enemies, and when so many dangers are pressing upon us, we sleep, what should we be if living in security. Nay, if thou wilt, look at the first man. For if having lived in paradise a short time, perchance not so much as a whole day, and having enjoyed delights, he drove on to such a pitch of wickedness, as even to imagine an equality with God, and to account the deceiver a benefactor, and not to keep to one commandment; if he had lived the rest of his life also without affliction, what would he not have done?

2. But when we say these things, they make other objections again, asking, And why did God make him such? God did not make him such, far from it, since then neither would He have punished him. For if we in those matters in which we are the cause, do not find fault with our servant, much more will not the God of all. “But whence did this come to pass?” one may say. Of himself and his own remissness. “What means, of himself?” Ask thyself. For if it be not of themselves the bad are bad, do not punish thy servant nor reprove thy wife for what errors she may commit, neither beat thy son, nor blame thy friend, nor hate thine enemy that doth despite to thee: for all these deserve to be pitied, not to be punished, unless they offend of themselves. “But I am not able to practise self-restraint,” one may say. And yet, when thou perceivest the cause not to be with them, but of another necessity, thou canst practise self-restraint. When at least a servant being taken with sickness doth not the things enjoined him, so far from blaming thou dost rather excuse him. Thus thou art a witness, that the one thing is of one’s self, the other not of one’s self. So that here too, if thou knewest that he was wicked from being born such, so far from blaming, thou wouldest rather have shown him indulgence. For surely, when thou makest him allowance for his illness, it could not be that thou wouldest have refused to make allowance for God’s act of creation, if indeed he had been made such from the very first.

And in another way too it is easy to stop the mouths of such men, for great is the abounding power of the truth. For wherefore dost thou never find fault with thy servant, because he is not of a beautiful countenance, that he is not of fine stature in his body, that he is not able to fly? Because these things are natural. So then from blame against his nature he is acquitted, and no man gainsays it. When therefore thou blamest, thou showest that the fault is not of nature but of his choice. For if in those things, which we do not blame, we bear witness that the whole is of nature, it is evident that where we reprove, we declare that the offense is of the choice.

Do not then bring forward, I beseech thee, perverse reasonings, neither sophistries and webs slighter than the spider’s, but answer me this again: Did God make all men? It is surely plain to every man. How then are not all equal in respect of virtue and vice? whence are the good, and gentle, and meek? whence are the worthless and evil? For if these things do not require any purpose, but are of nature, how are the one this, the others that? For if by nature all were bad, it were not possible for any one to be good, but if good by nature, then no one bad. For if there were one nature of all men, they must needs in this respect be all one, whether they were to be this, or whether they were to be that.

But if we should say that by nature the one are good, the other bad, which would not be reasonable (as we have shown), these things must be unchangeable, for the things of nature are unchangeable. Nay, mark. All mortals are also liable to suffering; and no one is free from suffering, though he strive without end. But now we see of good many becoming worthless, and of worthless good, the one through remissness, the other by earnestness; which thing most of all indicates that these things do not come of nature.

For the things of nature are neither changed, nor do they need diligence for their acquisition. For like as for seeing and hearing we do not need labor, so neither should we need toils in virtue, if it had been apportioned by nature.

“But wherefore did He at all make worthless men, when He might have made all men good? Whence then are the evil things?” saith he. Ask thyself; for it is my part to show they are not of nature, nor from God.

“Come they then of themselves?” he saith. By no means. “But are they unoriginated?” Speak reverently, O man, and start back from this madness, honoring with one honor God and the evil things, and that honor the highest. For if they be unoriginate they are mighty, and cannot so much as be plucked up, nor pass into annihilation. For that what is unoriginate is imperishable, is surely manifest to all.

3. And whence also are there so many good, when evil hath such great power? how are they that have an origin stronger than that which is unoriginate?

“But God destroys these things,” he saith. When? And how will He destroy what are of equal honor, and of equal strength, and of the same age, as one might say, with Himself?

Oh malice of the devil! how great an evil hath he invented! With what blasphemy hath he persuaded men to surround God! with what cloak of godliness hath he devised another profane account? For desiring to show, that not of Him was the evil, they brought in another evil doctrine, saying, that these things are unoriginate.

“Whence then are evils?” one may say. From willing and not willing. “But the very thing of our willing and not willing, whence is it?” From ourselves. But thou dost the same in asking, as if when thou hadst asked, whence is seeing and not seeing? then when I said, from closing the eyes or not closing the eyes, thou wert to ask again; the very closing the eyes or not, whence is it? then having heard that it was of ourselves, and our will, thou wert to seek again another cause.

For evil is nothing else than disobedience to God. “Whence then,” one may say, “did man find this?” “Why, was it a task to find this? I pray thee.” “Nay, neither do I say this, that this thing is difficult; but whence became he desirous to disobey.” “From remissness. For having power for either, he inclined rather to this.”

But if thou art perplexed yet and dizzy at hearing this, I will ask thee nothing difficult nor involved, but a simple and plain question. Hast thou become some time bad? and hast thou become some time also good? What I mean, is like this. Didst thou prevail some time over passion, and wast thou taken again by passion? Hast thou been overtaken by drunkenness, and hast thou prevailed over drunkenness? Wast thou once moved to wrath, and again not moved to wrath? Didst thou overlook a poor man, and not overlook him? Didst thou commit whoredom once? and didst thou become chaste again? Whence then are all these things? tell me, whence? Nay if thou thyself do not tell, I will say. Because at one time thou didst restrain thyself and strive, but after that thou becamest remiss and careless. For to those that are desperate, and are continually in wickedness, and are in a state of senselessness, and are mad, and who are not willing so much as to hear what will amend them, I will not even discourse of self restraint; but to them that have been sometimes in the one, and sometimes in the other, I will gladly speak. Didst thou once take by violence the things that belonged not to thee; and after this, subdued by pity, didst impart even of thine unto him that was in need? Whence then this change? Is it not quite plain it is from the mind, and the choice of will?

It is quite plain, and there is no one who would not say this. Wherefore I entreat you to be in earnest, and to cleave to virtue, and ye will have no need of these questions. For our evils are mere names, if we be willing. Inquire not then whence are evils, neither perplex thyself; but having found that they are from remissness only, flee the evil deeds.

And if any one should say, that these things come not from us; whenever thou seest him angry with his servants, and provoked with his wife, and blaming a child, and condemning them who injure him, say to him, how then saidst thou, that evils come not from us? For if they be not from us, wherefore dost thou find fault? Say again; is it of thyself thou revilest, and insultest? For if it be not of thyself, let no man be angry with thee; but if it be of thyself, of thyself and of thy remissness are thy evil deeds.

But what? thinkest thou there are some good men? For if indeed no man is good, whence hast thou this word? whence are praises? But if there are good men, it is quite plain that they will also reprove the bad. Yet if no one is voluntarily wicked, nor of himself, the good will be found to be unjustly reproving the bad, and they themselves too will be in this way bad again. For what can be worse than to subject the guiltless to accusations? But if they continue in our estimation good men, though reproving, and this especially is a proof of their goodness, even to the very fools it is hereby plain, that no one is ever by necessity bad.

But if after all this thou wouldest still inquire, whence are evils? I would say, from remissness, from idleness, from keeping company with the bad, from contempt of virtue; hence are both the evils themselves, and the fact that some inquire, whence are the evils. Since of them surely who do right no one inquires about these things, of them that are purposed to live equitably and temperately; but they, who dare to commit wicked acts, and wish to devise some foolish comfort2292   παραμυθαν, Field.to themselves by these discussions, do weave spiders’ webs.

But let us tear these in pieces not by our words only, but by our deeds too. For neither are these things of necessity. For if they were of necessity, He would not have said, “Woe to the man, by whom the offense cometh.”2293   Matt. xviii. 7. For those only doth he bewail, who are wicked by their choice.

And if He saith “by whom,”2294   δ ο.marvel not. For not as though another were bringing in it by him, doth He say this, but viewing him as himself causing the whole. For the Scripture is wont to say, “by whom,” for “of whom;”2295   [δι ο and ὑφ ο, i.e.,“through whom” for “by whom,” the latter phrase referring to the personal agent.—R.]as when it saith, “I have gotten a man by God,”2296   Gen. iv. 1, LXX. [δι το θεο.]putting not the second cause, but the first; and again, “Is not the interpretation of them by God,”2297   Gen. xl. 8.and, “God is faithful, by whom ye are called unto the fellowship of His Son.”2298   1 Cor. i. 9.

4. And that thou mayest learn that it is not of necessity, hear also what follows. For after bewailing them, He saith, “If thy hand, or thy foot offend thee, cut them off, and cast them from thee: for it is better for thee to enter into life halt or maimed, rather than having two hands or feet to be cast into the fire. And if thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out; it is better for thee to enter into life with one eye, than having two eyes to be cast into the furnace of fire;”2299   Matt. xviii. 8, 9. [The variations from the received text appear in the English rendering as given above.—R.]not saying these things of limbs; far from it; but of friends, of relations, whom we regard in the rank of necessary members. This He had both said further back, and now He saith it. For nothing is so hurtful as bad company. For what things compulsion cannot, friendship can often effect, both for hurt, and for profit. Wherefore with much earnestness He commands us to cut off them that hurt us, intimating these that bring the offenses.

Seest thou how He hath put away the mischief that would result from the offenses? By foretelling that there surely will be offenses, so that they might find no one in a state of carelessness, but that looking for them men might be watchful. By showing the evils to be great (for He would not have said without purpose, “Woe to the world because of the offenses,” but to show that great is the mischief therefrom), by lamenting again in stronger terms over him that brings them in. For the saying, “But woe to that man,” was that of one showing that great was the punishment, but not this only, but also by the comparison which He added He increased the fear.

Then He is not satisfied with these things, but He showeth also the way, by which one may avoid the offenses.

But what is this? The wicked, saith He, though they be exceeding dear friends to thee, cut off from thy friendship.

And He giveth a reason that cannot be gainsaid. For if they continue friends, thou wilt not gain them, but thou wilt lose thyself besides; but if thou shouldest cut them off, thine own salvation at least thou wilt gain. So that if any one’s friendship harms thee, cut it off from thee. For if of our own members we often cut off many, when they are both in an incurable state, and are ruining the rest, much more ought one to do this in the case of friends.

But if evils were by nature, superfluous were all this admonition and advice, superfluous the precaution by the means that have been mentioned. But if it be not superfluous, as surely it is not superfluous, it is quite clear that wickedness is of the will.2300   γνμη.

“Take heed that ye despise not one of these little ones; for I say unto you, that their angels do always behold the face of my Father which is in Heaven.”2301   Matt. xviii. 10. [R.V., “See,” etc.]

He calleth little ones not them that are really little, but them that are so esteemed by the multitude, the poor, the objects of contempt, the unknown (for how should he be little who is equal in value to the whole world; how should he be little, who is dear to God?); but them who in the imagination of the multitude are so esteemed.

And He speaks not of many only, but even of one, even by this again warding off the hurt of the many offenses. For even as to flee the wicked, so also to honor the good, hath very great gain, and would be a twofold security to him who gives heed, the one by rooting out the friendships with them that offend, the other from regarding these saints with respect and honor.

Then in another way also He makes them objects of reverence, saying, “That their angels do always behold the face of my Father which is in Heaven.”

Hence it is evident, that the saints have angels, or even all men. For the apostle too saith of the woman, “That she ought to have power on her head because of the angels.”2302   1 Cor. x. 10. And Moses, “He set the bounds of the nations according to the number of the angels2303   A.V., “Children of Israel,” al. “Sons of God,” and hence “Angels.”of God.”2304   Deut. xxxii. 8.

But here He is discoursing not of angels only, but rather of angels that are greater than others. But when He saith, “The face of my Father,” He means nothing else than their fuller confidence, and their great honor.

“For the Son of Man is come to save that which was lost.”2305   Matt. xviii. 11. [This verse, which is passed over without comment is omitted in Matthew by some of the best mss. and fathers. Probably taken from Luke xix. 10.—R.]

Again, He is putting another reason stronger than the former, and connects with it a parable, by which He brings in the Father also as desiring these things. “For how think ye?” saith He; “If a man have an hundred sheep, and one of them be gone astray, doth he not leave the ninety and nine, and goeth into the mountains, and seeketh that which is gone astray? And if so be that he find it,2306   [“Verily I say unto you,” omitted.]he rejoiceth over it more than over the ninety and nine, which went not astray. Even so it is not will before your Father,2307   [R.V., margin, Greek: “a thing willed before your Father.”]that one of these little ones should perish.”2308   Matt. xviii. 12–14.

Seest thou by how many things He is urging to the care of our mean brethren. Say not then, “Such a one is a blacksmith, a shoemaker, he is a ploughman, he is a fool,” and so despise him. For in order that thou shouldest not feel this, see by how many motives He persuades thee to practise moderation, and presses thee into a care for these. He set a little child, and saith, “Be ye as little children.” And, “Whosoever receiveth such a little child receiveth me;” and, “Whosoever shall offend,” shall suffer the utmost penalties. And He was not even satisfied with the comparison of the “millstone,” but added also His “woe,” and commanded us to cut off such, though they be in the place of hands and eyes to us. And by the angels again that are entrusted with these same mean brethren, He makes them objects of veneration, and from His own will and passion (for when He said, “The Son of Man is come to save that which was lost,” He signifies even the cross, like as Paul saith, speaking of a brother, “For whom Christ died”); and from the Father, for that neither to Him doth it seem good that one should perish; and from common custom, because the shepherd leaves them that are safe, and seeks what is lost; and when he hath found what was gone astray, he is greatly delighted at the finding and the saving of this.

5. If then God thus rejoices over the little one that is found, how dost thou despise them that are the objects of God’s earnest care, when one ought to give up even one’s very life for one of these little ones? But is he weak and mean? Therefore for this very cause most of all, one ought to do everything in order to preserve him. For even He Himself left the ninety and nine sheep, and went after this, and the safety of so many availed not to throw into the shade the loss of one. But Luke saith, that He even brought it on his shoulders, and that “There was greater joy over one sinner that repenteth, than over ninety and nine just persons.”2309   Luke xv. 7. And from His forsaking those that were saved for it, and from His taking more pleasure in this one, He showed His earnestness about it to be great.

Let us not then be careless about such souls as these. For all these things are said for this object. For by threatening, that he who has not become a little child should not so much as at all set foot in the Heavens, and speaking of “the millstone,” He hath brought down the haughtiness of the boastful; for nothing is so hostile to love as pride; and by saying, “It must needs be that offenses come,” He made them to be wakeful; and by adding, “Woe unto him by whom the offense cometh,” He hath caused each to endeavor that it be not by him. And while by commanding to cut off them that offend He made salvation easy; by enjoining not to despise them, and not merely enjoining, but with earnestness (for “take heed,” saith He, “that ye despise not one of these little ones”), and by saying, “Their angels behold the face of my Father,” and, “For this end am I come,” and “my Father willeth this,” He hath made those who should take care of them more diligent.

Seest thou what a wall He hath set around them, and what earnest care He taketh of them that are contemptible and perishing, at once threatening incurable ills to them that make them fall, and promising great blessings to them that wait upon them, and take care of them, and bringing an example from Himself again and from the Father?

Him let us also imitate, refusing none of the tasks that seem lowly and troublesome for our brethren’s sake; but though we have to do service, though he be small, though he be mean for whom this is done, though the work be laborious, though we must pass over mountains and precipices, let all things be held endurable for the salvation of our brother. For a soul is an object of such earnest care to God, that “He spared not His own Son.”2310   Rom. viii. 32.

Wherefore I entreat, when morning hath appeared, straightway as we come out of our house, let us have this one object in view, this earnest care above all, to rescue him that is in danger; I do not mean this danger only that is known by sense, for this is not danger at all, but the danger of the soul, that which is brought upon men by the devil.

For the merchant too, to increase his wealth, crosses the sea; and the artisan, to add to his substance, doeth all things. Let us also then not be satisfied with our own salvation only, since else we destroy even this. For in a war too, and in an engagement, the soldier who is looking to this only how he may save himself by flight, destroys the rest also with himself; much as on the other hand the noble-minded one, and he who stands in arms in defense of the others, with the others preserves himself also. Since then our state too is a war, and of all wars the bitterest, and an engagement and a battle, even as our King commanded us, so let us set ourselves in array in the engagement, prepared for slaughter, and blood, and murders, looking to salvation in behalf of all, and cheering them that stand, and raising up them that are down. For indeed many of our brethren lie fallen in this conflict, having wounds, wallowing in blood, and there is none to heal, not any one of the people, not a priest, no one else, no one to stand by, no friend, no brother, but we look every man to his own things.

By reason of this we maim our own interests also. For the greatest confidence and means of approval is the not looking to our own things.

Therefore I say, are we weak and easy to be overcome both by men, and by the devil, because we seek the opposite to this, and lock not our shields one with another, neither are fortified with godly love, but seek for ourselves other motives of friendship, some from relationship, some from long acquaintance, some from community of interest, some from neighborhood; and from every cause rather are we friends, than from godliness, when one’s friendships ought to be formed upon this only. But now the contrary is done; with Jews and with Greeks2311   i.e.Heathens.we sometimes become friends, rather than with the children of the church.

6. Yes, saith he, because the one is worthless, but the other kind and gentle. What sayest thou? Dost thou call thy brother worthless, who art commanded not to call him so much as Raca? And art thou not ashamed, neither dost thou blush, at exposing thy brother, thy fellow member, him that hath shared in the same birth with thee, that hath partaken of the same table?

But if thou hast any brother after the flesh, if he should perpetrate ten thousand evil deeds, thou laborest to conceal him, and accountest thyself also to partake of the shame, when he is disgraced; but as to thy spiritual brother, when thou oughtest to free him from calumny, thou dost rather encompass him with ten thousand charges against him?

“Why he is worthless and insufferable,” thou mayest say. Nay then for this reason become his friend, that thou mayest put an end to his being such a one, that thou mayest convert him, that thou mayest lead him back to virtue.—“But he obeys not,” thou wilt say, “neither doth he bear advice.”—Whence knowest thou it? What, hast thou admonished him, and attempted to amend him?—“I have admonished him often,” thou wilt say. How many times?—Oftentimes, both once, and a second time.—Oh! Is this often? Why, if thou hadst done this throughout all the time, oughtest thou to grow weary, and to give it up? Seest thou not how God is always admonishing us, by the prophets, by the apostles, by the evangelists? What then? have we performed all? and have we been obedient in all things? By no means. Did He then cease admonishing? Did He hold His peace? Doth He not say each day, “Ye cannot serve God, and mammon”2312   Matt. vi. 24.and with many, the superfluity and the tyranny of wealth yet increases? Doth He not cry aloud each day, “Forgive, and ye shall have forgiveness,”2313   Luke vi. 37.and we become wild beasts more and more? Doth He not continually admonish to restrain desire, and to keep the mastery over wicked lust, and many wallow worse than swine in this sin? But nevertheless, He ceases not speaking.

Wherefore then do we not consider these things with ourselves, and say that even with us God reasons, and abstains not from doing this, although we disobey Him in many things?

Therefore He said that, “Few are the saved.”2314   See Luke xiii. 23. For if virtue in ourselves suffices not for our salvation, but we must take with us others too when we depart; when we have saved neither ourselves, nor others, what shall we suffer? Whence shall we have any more a hope of salvation?

But why do I blame for these things, when not even of them that dwell with us do we take any account, of wife, and children, and servants, but we have care of one thing instead of another, like drunken men, that our servants may be more in number, and may serve us with much diligence, and that our children may receive from us a large inheritance, and that our wife may have ornaments of gold, and costly garments, and wealth; and we care not at all for themselves, but for the things that belong to them. For neither do we care for our own wife, nor provide for her, but for the things that belong to the wife; neither for the child, but for the things of the child.

And we do the same as if any one seeing a house in a bad state, and the walls giving way, were to neglect to raise up these, and to make up great fences round it without; or when a body was diseased, were not to take care of this, but were to weave for it gilded garments; or when the mistress was ill, were to give heed to the maidservants, and the looms, and the vessels in the house, and mind other things, leaving her to lie and moan.

For this is done even now, and when our soul is in evil and wretched case, and angry, and reviling, and lusting wrongly, and full of vainglory, and at strife, and dragged down to the earth, and torn by so many wild beasts, we neglect to drive away the passions from her, and are careful about house and servants. And while if a bear has escaped by stealth, we shut up our houses, and run along by the narrow passages, so as not to fall in with the wild beast; now while not one wild beast, but many such thoughts are tearing in pieces the soul, we have not so much as a feeling of it. And in the city we take so much care, as to shut up the wild beasts in solitary places and in cages, and neither at the senate house of the city, nor at the courts of justice, nor at the king’s palace, but far off somewhere at a distance do we keep them chained; but in the case of the soul, where the senate house is, where the King’s palace, where the court of justice is, the wild beasts are let loose, crying and making a tumult about the mind itself and the royal throne. Therefore all things are turned upside down, and all is full of disturbance, the things within, the things without, and we are in nothing different from a city thrown into confusion from being overrun by barbarians; and what takes place in us is as though a serpent were setting on a brood of sparrows, and the sparrows, with their feeble cries, were flying about every way affrighted, and full of trouble, without having any place whither to go and end their consternation.

7. Wherefore I entreat, let us kill the serpent, let us shut up the wild beasts, let us stifle them, let us slay them, and these wicked thoughts let us give over to the sword of the Spirit, lest the prophet threaten us also with such things as he threatened Judea, that “The wild asses shall dance there, and porcupines, and serpents.”2315   Isaiah xiii. 21, 22. [The word δρκοντε, here rendered “serpents,” is not found in the LXX.; nor does the prophecy refer to Judæa, but to Babylon.—R.]

For there are, there are even men worse than wild asses, living as it were in the wilderness, and kicking; yea the more part of the youth amongst us is like this. For indeed having wild lusts they thus leap, they kick, going about unbridled, and spend their diligence on no becoming object.

And the fathers are to blame, who while they constrain the horsebreakers to discipline their horses with much attention, and suffer not the youth of the colt to go on long untamed, but put upon it both a rein, and all the rest, from the beginning; but their own young ones they overlook, going about for a long season unbridled, and without temperance; disgracing themselves, by fornications, and gamings, and continuings in the wicked theatres, when they ought before fornication to give him to a wife, to a wife chaste, and highly endued with wisdom; for she will both bring off her husband from his most disorderly course of life, and will be instead of a rein to the colt.

For indeed fornications and adulteries come not from any other cause, than from young men’s being unrestrained. For if he have a prudent wife, he will take care of house and honor and character. “But he is young,” you say. I know it too. For if Isaac was forty years old when he took his bride, passing all that time of his life in virginity, much more ought young men under grace to practise this self-restraint. But oh what grief! Ye do not endure to take care of their chastity, but ye overlook their disgracing, defiling themselves, becoming accursed; as though ye knew not that the profit of marriage is to preserve the body pure, and if this be not so, there is no advantage of marriage. But ye do the contrary; when they are filled with countless stains, then ye bring them to marriage without purpose and without fruit.

“Why I must wait,” thou wilt say, “that he may become approved, that he may distinguish himself in the affairs of the state;” but of the soul ye have no consideration, but ye overlook it as a cast-away. For this reason all things are full of confusion, and disorder, and trouble, because this is made a secondary matter, because necessary things are neglected, but the unimportant obtain much forethought.

Knowest thou not, that thou canst do no such kindness to the youth, as to keep him pure from whorish uncleannness? For nothing is equal to the soul. Because, “What is a man profited,” saith He, “if he shall gain the whole world, but lose his own soul.”2316   Matt. xvi. 26. But because the love of money hath overturned and cast down all, and hath thrust aside the strict fear of God, having seized upon the souls of men, like some rebel chief upon a citadel; therefore we are careless both of our children’s salvation, and of our own, looking to one object only, that having become wealthier, we may leave riches to others, and these again to others after them, and they that follow these to their posterity, becoming rather a kind of passers on of our possessions and of our money, but not masters.

Hence great is our folly; hence the free are less esteemed than the slaves. For slaves we reprove, if not for their sake, yet for our own; but the free enjoy not the benefit even of this care, but are more vile in our estimation than these slaves. And why do I say, than our slaves? For our children are less esteemed than cattle; and we take care of horses and asses rather than of children. And should one have a mule, great is his anxiety to find the best groom, and not one either harsh, or dishonest, or drunken, or ignorant of his art; but if we have set a tutor2317   παιδαγωγν, a man-servant who took care of boys.over a child’s soul, we take at once, and at random, whoever comes in our way. And yet than this art there is not another greater. For what is equal to training the soul, and forming the mind of one that is young? For he that hath this art, ought to be more exactly observant than any painter and any sculptor.2318   [ἀνδριαντοποιο, “maker of statuary.”]

But we take no account of this, but look to one thing only, that he may be trained as to his tongue. And to this again we have directed our endeavors for money’s sake. For not that he may be able to speak, but that he may get money, does he learn speaking; since if it were possible to grow rich even without this, we should have no care even for this.

Seest thou how great is the tyranny of riches? how it has seized upon all things, and having bound them like some slaves or cattle, drags them where it will?

But what are we advantaged by such accusations against it? For we indeed shoot at it in words, but it prevails over us in deeds. Nevertheless, not even so shall we cease to shoot at it with words from our tongue. For if any advance is made, both we are gainers and you; but if you continue in the same things, all our part at least hath been performed.

But may God both deliver you from this disease, and cause us to glory in you, for to Him be glory, and dominion, world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΝΘʹ. Οὐαὶ τῷ κόσμῳ ἀπὸ τῶν σκανδάλων! Ἀνάγκη γάρ ἐστιν ἐλθεῖν τὰ σκάνδαλα, πλὴν οὐαὶ τῷ ἀνθρώ πῳ ἐκείνῳ, δι' οὗ τὰ σκάνδαλα ἔρχεται! αʹ. Καὶ εἰ ἀνάγκη ἐστὶν ἐλθεῖν τὰ σκάνδαλα, εἴποι τις ἂν ἴσως τῶν ἐναντίων, τί ταλανίζει τὸν κόσμον, δέον ἀμῦναι καὶ χεῖρα ὀρέξαι; Τοῦτο γὰρ ἰατροῦ καὶ προστάτου ἐκεῖνο δὲ καὶ τοῦ τυχόντος. Τί οὖν ἂν εἴποιμεν πρὸς τὴν οὕτως ἀναίσχυντον γλῶτταν; Καὶ τί τῆς θεραπείας ταύτης ἴσον ἐπιζητεῖς; Καὶ γὰρ Θεὸς ὢν, ἄνθρωπος ἐγένετο διὰ σὲ, καὶ δούλου μορφὴν ἔλαβε, καὶ τὰ ἔσχατα πάντα ὑπέστη, καὶ οὐδὲν ἐνέλιπε τῶν εἰς αὐτὸν ἡκόντων. Ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ πλέον οὐδὲν γέγονε τοῖς ἀγνώμοσι, διὰ τοῦτο αὐτοὺς ταλανίζει, ὅτι μετὰ τὴν τοσαύτην θεραπείαν ἔμειναν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀῤῥωστίας. Ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις καὶ τὸν κάμνοντα πολλῆς ἀπολαύσαντα ἐπιμελείας, καὶ οὐκ ἐθελήσαντα νόμοις πεισθῆναι ἰατρικοῖς, θρηνῶν λέγοι Οὐαὶ τῷ δεῖνι ἀνθρώπῳ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀῤῥωστίας, ἣν διὰ τῆς οἰκείας ηὔξησε ῥᾳθυμίας! Ἀλλ' ἐκεῖ μὲν οὐδὲν ὄφελος ἀπὸ τοῦ θρήνου: ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ τοῦτο εἶδος θεραπείας ἐστὶ, τὸ προειπεῖν τὸ ἐσόμενον, καὶ ταλανίσαι. Πολλοὶ γὰρ πολλάκις συμβουλευθέντες μὲν οὐδὲν ὠφελήθησαν, θρηνηθέντες δὲ ἀνήνεγκαν. Διὸ καὶ μάλιστα τὸ Οὐαὶ τέθεικε, διεγείρων αὐτοὺς, καὶ ἐναγωνίους ποιῶν, καὶ ἐγρηγορέναι παρασκευάζων. Μετὰ δὲ τούτων καὶ τὴν εὔνοιαν ἐπιδείκνυται τὴν περὶ αὐτοὺς ἐκείνους, καὶ τὴν ἡμερότητα τὴν αὐτοῦ, ὅτι καὶ ἀντειπόντας θρηνεῖ, οὐ δυσχεραίνων μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ διορθούμενος καὶ τῷ θρήνῳ καὶ τῇ προῤῥήσει, ὥστε αὐτοὺς ἀνακτήσασθαι. Καὶ πῶς ἔνι τοῦτο; φησίν. Εἰ γὰρ ἀνάγκη ἐλθεῖν τὰ σκάνδαλα, πῶς δυνατὸν ταῦτα διαφυγεῖν; Ὅτι ἐλθεῖν μὲν τὰ σκάνδαλα ἀνάγκη: ἀπολέσθαι δὲ οὐ πάντως ἀνάγκη. Ὥσπερ κἂν ἰατρὸς εἴποι (οὐδὲν γὰρ κωλύει τῷ αὐτῷ ὑποδείγματι χρήσασθαι πάλιν), ἀνάγκη τὴν νόσον τήνδε ἐπιστῆναι, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀνάγκη διαφθαρῆναι πάντως ὑπὸ τῆς νόσου τὸν προσέχοντα. Τοῦτο δὲ ἔλεγεν, ὅπερ ἔφην, μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων καὶ τοὺς μαθητὰς ἀφυπνίζων. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ νυστάζωσιν, ὡς ἐπὶ εἰρήνην καὶ ἀτάραχον βίον πεμπόμενοι, πολλοὺς ἐφεστῶτας αὐτοῖς δείκνυσι πολέμους, ἔξωθεν, ἔσωθεν. Ὅπερ καὶ ὁ Παῦλος δηλῶν ἔλεγεν: Ἔξωθεν μάχαι, ἔσωθεν φόβοι: καὶ, Κινδύνοις ἐν ψευδαδέλφοις: καὶ Μιλησίοις δὲ διαλεγόμενος ἔφη: Καὶ ἀναστήσονταί τινες ἐξ ὑμῶν λαλοῦντες διεστραμμένα. Καὶ αὐτὸς δὲ ἔλεγεν: Ἐχθροὶ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου οἱ οἰκειακοὶ αὐτοῦ. Ὅταν δὲ ἀνάγκην εἴπῃ, οὐ τὸ αὐθαίρετον τῆς ἐξουσίας ἀναιρῶν, οὐδὲ τὴν ἐλευθερίαν τῆς προαιρέσεως, οὐδὲ ἀνάγκῃ τινὶ πραγμάτων ὑποβάλλων τὸν βίον, φησὶ ταῦτα: ἀλλὰ τὸ πάντως ἐσόμενον προλέγει: ὅπερ ὁ Λουκᾶς ἑτέρᾳ λέξει παρέστησεν, εἰπὼν οὕτως: Ἀνένδεκτόν ἐστι τοῦ μὴ ἐλθεῖν τὰ σκάνδαλα. Τί δέ ἐστι, Τὰ σκάνδαλα; Τὰ κωλύματα τῆς ὀρθῆς ὁδοῦ. Οὕτω καὶ οἱ ἐπὶ τῆς σκηνῆς τοὺς περὶ ταῦτα δεινοὺς καλοῦσι, τοὺς τὰ σώματα διαστρέφοντας. Οὐ τοίνυν ἡ πρόῤῥησις αὐτοῦ τὰ σκάνδαλα ἄγει: ἄπαγε: οὐδὲ ἐπειδὴ προεῖπε, διὰ τοῦτο γίνεται: ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ πάντως ἔμελλεν ἔσεσθαι, διὰ τοῦτο προεῖπεν: ὡς εἴγε μὴ ἐβούλοντο οἱ φέροντες αὐτὰ πονηρεύεσθαι, οὐδ' ἂν ἦλθον: εἰ δὲ μὴ ἔμελλον ἔρχεσθαι, οὐδ' ἂν προεῤῥήθη. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐκακούργησαν ἐκεῖνοι, καὶ ἀνίατα ἐνόσησαν, ἦλθον: καὶ προλέγει τὸ μέλλον ἔσεσθαι. Καὶ εἰ διωρθώθησαν ἐκεῖνοι, φησὶ, καὶ μηδεὶς ἦν ὁ τὰ σκάνδαλα κομίζων, οὐκ ἔμελλεν ὁ λόγος οὗτος ψεύδους ἁλίσκεσθαι; Οὐδαμῶς: οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν ἐλέχθη. Εἰ γὰρ ἔμελλον διορθοῦσθαι πάντες, οὐκ ἂν εἶπεν, ὅτι Ἀνάγκη ἐλθεῖν: ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ προῄδει ἀδιορθώτους ἐσομένους οἴκοθεν, διὰ τοῦτο εἶπεν, ὅτι πάντως ἥξουσι. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν αὐτοὺς οὐκ ἀνεῖλε; φησί. Τίνος γὰρ ἕνεκεν ἀναιρεθῆναι ἔδει; διὰ τοὺς βλαπτομένους; Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐκεῖθεν οἱ βλαπτόμενοι ἀπόλλυνται, ἀλλ' ἐκ τῆς ἑαυτῶν ῥᾳθυμίας. Καὶ δηλοῦσιν οἱ ἐνάρετοι, οὐ μόνον οὐδὲν ἀδικούμενοι ἐντεῦθεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ μέγιστα κερδαίνοντες: οἷος ἦν ὁ Ἰὼβ, οἷος ὁ Ἰωσὴφ, οἷοι πάντες οἱ δίκαιοι καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι. Εἰ δὲ ἀπόλλυνται πολλοὶ, παρὰ τὸν ἑαυτῶν ὕπνον. Εἰ δὲ μὴ οὕτως εἶχεν, ἀλλὰ παρὰ τὰ σκάνδαλα ἡ ἀπώλεια, πάντας ἀπολέσθαι ἔδει Εἰ δὲ εἰσὶν οἱ διαφεύγοντες, ὁ μὴ διαφεύγων ἑαυτῷ λογιζέσθω. Τὰ γὰρ σκάνδαλα, ὅπερ ἔφην, καὶ διεγείρει, καὶ ὀξυτέρους ποιεῖ, καὶ ἀκονᾷ, οὐ μόνον τὸν φυλαττόμενον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν περιπεσόντα ταχέως ἀναστάντα: ἀσφαλέστερον γὰρ αὐτὸν ἐργάζεται, καὶ δυσάλωτον μᾶλλον ποιεῖ. Ὥστε ἂν νήφωμεν, οὐ μικρὸν ἐντεῦθεν καρπούμεθα κέρδος, τὸ διηνεκῶς ἐγρηγορέναι. Εἰ γὰρ πολεμίων ὄντων καὶ τοσούτων πειρασμῶν ἐπικειμένων καθεύδομεν, τίνες ἂν εἴημεν ἐν ἀδείᾳ ζῶντες; Καὶ εἰ βούλει, τὸν πρῶτον ἄνθρωπον σκόπει. Εἰ γὰρ ὀλίγον χρόνον, τάχα δὲ οὐδὲ ἡμέραν ὅλην ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ ζήσας, καὶ τρυφῆς ἀπολαύσας, εἰς τοσοῦτον ἤλασε κακίας, ὡς καὶ ἰσοθεΐαν φαντασθῆναι, καὶ τὸν ἀπατεῶνα εὐεργέτην νομίσαι, καὶ μιᾶς μὴ κατασχεῖν ἐντολῆς: εἰ καὶ τὸν ἐφεξῆς βίον ἀταλαίπωρον ἔζη, τί οὐκ ἂν εἰργάσατο; βʹ. Ἀλλ' ὅταν ταῦτα εἴπωμεν, πάλιν ἕτερα ἀντιλέγουσιν, ἐρωτῶντες: Καὶ διατί αὐτὸν τοιοῦτον ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεός; Οὐχὶ ὁ Θεὸς τοιοῦτον αὐτὸν ἐποίησεν: ἄπαγε: ἐπεὶ οὐδ' ἂν ἐκόλασεν. Εἰ γὰρ ἡμεῖς, ἐν οἷς ἂν ὦμεν αἴτιοι, οὐκ ἐγκαλοῦμεν τοῖς οἰκέταις, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὁ τῶν ὅλων Θεός. Ἀλλὰ πόθεν τοῦτο ἐγένετο; φησί. Παρ' ἑαυτοῦ καὶ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ ῥᾳθυμίας. Τί ἐστι, παρ' ἑαυτοῦ; Ἐρώτησον σεαυτόν. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ παρ' ἑαυτῶν εἰσι κακοὶ οἱ κακοὶ, μὴ κόλαζε τὸν οἰκέτην, μηδὲ ἐπιτίμα τῇ γυναικὶ ἐν οἷς ἂν ἁμαρτάνῃ, μηδὲ τύπτε τὸν υἱὸν, μηδὲ ἐγκάλει τῷ φίλῳ, μηδὲ μίσει τὸν ἐπηρεάζοντά σε ἐχθρόν: πάντες γὰρ οὗτοι ἐλεεῖσθαι, οὐ κολάζεσθαι ἄξιοι, εἰ μὴ οἴκοθεν πλημμελοῦσιν. Ἀλλ' οὐ δύναμαι φιλοσοφεῖν, φησί. Καίτοιγε ὅταν συνίδῃς οὐκ ἐκείνων τὴν αἰτίαν οὖσαν, ἀλλ' ἀνάγκης ἑτέρας, δύνασαι φιλοσοφεῖν. Ὅταν γοῦν ὑπὸ νόσου κατεχόμενος οἰκέτης μὴ ποιήσῃ τὰ ἐπιταχθέντα, οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἐγκαλεῖς, ἀλλὰ καὶ συγγινώσκεις. Οὕτω σὺ μάρτυς, ὅτι τὸ μὲν αὐτοῦ, τὸ δὲ οὐκ αὐτοῦ. Ὥστε κἀνταῦθα, εἰ ᾔδεις ὅτι παρὰ τὸ γενέσθαι τοιοῦτος πονηρὸς ἦν, οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἂν ἐνεκάλεσας, ἀλλὰ καὶ συγγνώμην ἔδωκας ἄν. Οὐ γὰρ δήπου διὰ μὲν τὴν νόσον συγγινώσκεις, διὰ Θεοῦ δὲ δημιουργίαν οὐκ ἂν συνέγνως, εἴγε τοιοῦτος ἐξ ἀρχῆς γέγονε. Καὶ ἑτέρωθεν δὲ τοὺς τοιούτους ἐπιστομίσαι ῥᾴδιον: πολλὴ γὰρ τῆς ἀληθείας ἡ περιουσία. Διατί γὰρ μηδέποτε ἐνεκάλεσας οἰκέτῃ, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστι καλὸς τὴν ὄψιν, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν εὐμήκης τὸ σῶμα, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστι πτηνός; Ὅτι τῆς φύσεως ταῦτα. Οὐκοῦν τῶν τῆς φύσεως ἐγκλημάτων ἀπήλλακται, καὶ οὐδεὶς ἀντερεῖ. Ὅταν οὖν ἐγκαλῇς, δεικνύεις ὅτι οὐ τῆς φύσεως τὸ ἁμάρτημα, ἀλλὰ τῆς προαιρέσεως. Εἰ γὰρ ἐν οἷς οὐκ ἐγκαλοῦμεν, μαρτυροῦμεν τῆς φύσεως εἶναι τὸ πᾶν, δῆλον ὅτι ἐν οἷς ἐπιτιμῶμεν, δηλοῦμεν ὅτι προαιρέσεώς ἐστι τὸ πλημμέλημα. Μὴ τοίνυν μοι λογισμοὺς εἰς μέσον ἄγε διεστραμμένους, μηδὲ σοφίσματα καὶ πλοκὰς ἀραχνῶν εὐτελεστέρας, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνο πάλιν ἀπόκριναί μοι: Πάντας ἀνθρώπους ὁ Θεὸς εἰργάσατο; Παντί που δῆλον. Πῶς οὖν οὐ πάντες ἴσοι κατὰ τὸν τῆς ἀρετῆς λόγον καὶ τὸν τῆς κακίας; πόθεν οἱ ἀγαθοὶ καὶ χρηστοὶ καὶ ἐπιεικεῖς; πόθεν οἱ φαῦλοι καὶ πονηροί; Εἰ γὰρ μὴ γνώμης ταῦτα δεῖται, ἀλλὰ φύσεώς ἐστι, πῶς οἱ μὲν τοῦτό εἰσιν, οἱ δὲ ἐκεῖνο; Εἰ μὲν γὰρ φύσει πάντες κακοὶ, οὐδένα οἷόν τε ἦν ἀγαθὸν εἶναι: εἰ δὲ ἀγαθοὶ φύσει, οὐδένα κακόν. Εἰ γὰρ μία φύσις ἀνθρώπων ἁπάντων, ἔδει κατὰ τοῦτο πάντας ἓν εἶναι, εἴτε τοῦτο, εἴτε ἐκεῖνο ἔμελλον εἶναι. Εἰ δὲ λέγοιμεν, ὅτι φύσει οἱ μὲν ἀγαθοὶ, οἱ δὲ κακοὶ, ὅπερ οὐκ ἂν ἔχοι λόγον, ὥσπερ ἀπεδείξαμεν, ἐχρῆν ἀκίνητα ταῦτα εἶναι: τὰ γὰρ τῆς φύσεως, ἀκίνητα. Σκόπει δέ: Θνητοὶ πάντες καὶ παθητοὶ, καὶ οὐδεὶς ἀπαθὴς, κἂν μυρία φιλονεικῇ. Νῦν δὲ ὁρῶμεν ἀπὸ χρηστῶν φαύλους πολλοὺς, καὶ ἀπὸ φαύλων χρηστοὺς γινομένους, τοὺς μὲν ῥᾳθυμίᾳ, τοὺς δὲ σπουδῇ: ὅπερ μάλιστα δείκνυσιν οὐκ ὄντα φύσεως ταῦτα. Οὔτε γὰρ μεταβάλλεται, οὔτε ἵνα προσγένηται σπουδῆς δεῖται τὰ φυσικά. Ὥσπερ γὰρ εἰς τὸ βλέπειν καὶ ἀκούειν οὐ δεόμεθα πόνου, οὕτως οὐδὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρετῇ ἱδρώτων ἡμῖν ἔδει, εἰ τῇ φύσει αὐτῇ ἦν συγκεκληρωμένη. Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν καὶ φαύλους ἐποίει, δυνάμενος ἀγαθοὺς ποιῆσαι πάντας; Πόθεν οὖν τὰ κακά; φησίν. Ἐρώτησον σεαυτόν: ἐμὸν γὰρ δεῖξαι, ὅτι οὐχὶ φύσεως, οὐδὲ ἀπὸ Θεοῦ. Οὐκοῦν αὐτόματα; φησίν. Οὐδαμῶς. Ἀλλὰ ἀγέννητα; Εὐφήμει, ἄνθρωπε, καὶ ἀποπήδησον τῆς μανίας ταύτης, μιᾷ τιμῇ τὸν Θεὸν τιμῶν καὶ τὰ κακὰ, καὶ τιμῇ τῇ ἀνωτάτω. Εἰ γὰρ ἀγέννητα, καὶ ἰσχυρὰ ἔσται, καὶ οὐδὲ ἀνασπασθῆναι δυνήσεται, οὐδὲ εἰς τὸ μὴ εἶναι χωρῆσαι. Ὅτι γὰρ τὸ ἀγέννητον ἀνώλεθρον, παντί που δῆλον. γʹ. Πόθεν δὲ καὶ ἀγαθοὶ τοσοῦτοι, τοσαύτην τοῦ κακοῦ τὴν δύναμιν ἔχοντος; πῶς οἱ γεννητοὶ τοῦ ἀγεννήτου ἰσχυρότεροι; Ἀλλ' ὁ Θεὸς αὐτὰ ἀναιρεῖ, φησί. Πότε; Πῶς δὲ καὶ ἀναιρήσει τὰ ὁμότιμα καὶ ὁμοσθενῆ καὶ ὁμήλικα, ὡς ἄν τις εἴποι; Ὢ τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου κακίας! πόσον ἐξεῦρε κακόν! οἵᾳ τὸν Θεὸν περιβαλεῖν ἔπεισε βλασφημίᾳ! οἵῳ προσχήματι εὐσεβείας ἕτερον δύσφημον ἐπενόησε λόγον! Βουλόμενοι γὰρ δεῖξαι, ὅτι οὐκ ἐξ αὐτοῦ τὸ κακὸν, πονηρὸν ἄλλο δόγμα εἰσήγαγον, ἀγέννητα αὐτὰ φήσαντες εἶναι. Πόθεν οὖν τὰ κακά; φησίν. Ἐκ τοῦ θέλειν καὶ μὴ θέλειν. Αὐτὸ δὲ τὸ θέλειν καὶ μὴ θέλειν πόθεν; Παρ' ἡμῶν αὐτῶν. Σὺ δὲ ταὐτὸν ποιεῖς ἐρωτῶν, ὡς ἂν εἰ ἐρομένου σου, Πόθεν τὸ βλέπειν καὶ μὴ βλέπειν; εἶτα εἰπόντος μου, Ἐκ τοῦ μύειν καὶ μὴ μύειν: πάλιν ἔροιο, Αὐτὸ δὲ τὸ μύειν καὶ μὴ μύειν πόθεν; εἶτα ἀκούσας ὅτι ἐξ ἡμῶν αὐτῶν καὶ τοῦ θέλειν, αἰτίαν πάλιν ἑτέραν ζητοίης. Τὸ γὰρ κακὸν οὐδὲν ἕτερόν ἐστιν, ἀλλ' ἢ τὸ παρακοῦσαι Θεοῦ. Πόθεν οὖν τοῦτο, φησὶν, εὗρεν ὁ ἄνθρωπος; Ἔργον γὰρ ἦν τοῦτο εὑρεῖν; εἰπέ μοι. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐγὼ τοῦτό φημι, ὅτι δύσκολον τοῦτο: ἀλλὰ πόθεν ἠθέλησε παρακοῦσαι; Ἀπὸ ῥᾳθυμίας. Κύριος γὰρ ὢν ἑκατέρων, πρὸς τοῦτο μᾶλλον ἀπέκλινεν. Εἰ δὲ ἀπορεῖς ἔτι καὶ ἰλιγγιᾷς ταῦτα ἀκούων, ἐγώ σε ἐρήσομαι οὐδὲν δυσχερὲς, οὐδὲ ποικίλον, ἀλλὰ ἁπλοῦν τινα καὶ σαφῆ λόγον. Γέγονάς ποτε κακὸς, γέγονας δέ ποτε καὶ ἀγαθός; Ὃ δὲ λέγω, τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν: Ἐκράτησάς ποτε πάθους, καὶ ἑάλως πάλιν ὑπὸ πάθους; περιέπεσες μέθῃ, καὶ ἐκράτησας μέθης; ὠργίσθης ποτὲ, καὶ οὐκ ὠργίσθης; παρεῖδες πένητα, καὶ οὐ παρεῖδες; ἐπόρνευσάς ποτε, καὶ ἐσωφρόνησας πάλιν; Πόθεν οὖν ταῦτα πάντα; εἰπέ μοι: πόθεν; Κἂν γὰρ αὐτὸς μὴ λέγῃς. ἐγὼ ἐρῶ. Ὅτι τὸ μὲν ἐσπούδασας συντείνας σαυτόν: μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἐξελύθης καὶ ἐῤῥᾳθύμησας. Τοῖς μὲν γὰρ ἀπεγνωσμένοις καὶ διόλου οὖσιν ἐν κακίᾳ, καὶ ἀναισθήτως ἔχουσι καὶ μαινομένοις. καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλουσιν οὐδὲ ἀκούειν τὰ διορθοῦντα αὐτοὺς, οὐδὲ διαλέξομαι περὶ φιλοσοφίας: τοῖς δὲ ποτὲ μὲν ἐν τούτῳ, ποτὲ δὲ ἐν ἐκείνῳ γενομένοις ἡδέως ἐρῶ: Ἤρπασάς ποτε μὲν τὰ μὴ προσήκοντα: μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα κατακλασθεὶς ὑπὸ ἐλέου, καὶ τῶν σαυτοῦ μετέδωκας τῷ δεομένῳ; Πόθεν οὖν αὕτη ἡ μεταβολή; οὐκ εὔδηλον ὅτι ἀπὸ γνώμης καὶ προαιρέσεως; Εὔδηλον: καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστις οὐκ ἂν εἴποι τοῦτο. Διὸ παρακαλῶ σπουδάζειν καὶ ἀρετῆς ἔχεσθαι, καὶ οὐδὲν δεήσεσθε τῶν ζητημάτων τούτων. Τὰ γὰρ κακὰ, ὀνόματά ἐστι μόνον, ἐὰν θέλωμεν. Μὴ τοίνυν ζήτει, πόθεν τὰ κακὰ, μηδὲ διαπόρει: ἀλλ' εὑρὼν ὅτι ἀπὸ ῥᾳθυμίας μόνης, φεῦγε τὰ κακά. Κἂν εἴπῃ τις ὅτι οὐ παρ' ἡμῶν ταῦτα, ὅταν ἴδῃς ὀργιζόμενον οἰκέτῃ, καὶ παροξυνόμενον γυναικὶ, καὶ ἐγκαλοῦντα παιδὶ, καὶ καταγινώσκοντα τῶν ἀδικούντων, εἰπὲ πρὸς αὐτόν: Πῶς οὖν ἔλεγες, ὅτι οὐ παρ' ἡμῶν τὰ κακά; Εἰ γὰρ οὐ παρ' ἡμῶν, τίνος ἕνεκεν ἐγκαλεῖς; Εἰπὲ πάλιν: Ἀπὸ σαυτοῦ λοιδορεῖς καὶ ὑβρίζεις; Εἰ μὲν γὰρ οὐκ ἀπὸ σαυτοῦ, μηδείς σοι ὀργιζέσθω: εἰ δὲ ἀπὸ σαυτοῦ, ἀπὸ σοῦ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς σῆς ῥᾳθυμίας τὰ κακά. Τί δέ; νομίζεις εἶναί τινας ἀγαθούς; Εἰ μὲν γὰρ μηδεὶς ἀγαθὸς, πόθεν σοι τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο; πόθεν οἱ ἔπαινοι; Εἰ δὲ εἰσὶν ἀγαθοὶ, εὔδηλον ὅτι καὶ τοῖς πονηροῖς ἐπιτιμήσουσιν. Ἀλλ' εἰ μή τίς ἐστιν ἑκὼν πονηρὸς, μηδὲ παρ' ἑαυτοῦ, ἀδίκως εὑρεθήσονται ἐπιτιμῶντες οἱ ἀγαθοὶ τοῖς κακοῖς, καὶ ἔσονται καὶ αὐτοὶ ταύτῃ κακοὶ πάλιν. Τί γὰρ ἂν κάκιον γένοιτ' ἂν τοῦ τὸν ἀνεύθυνον ὑποβάλλειν ἐγκλήμασιν; Εἰ δὲ μένουσιν ἡμῖν ἀγαθοὶ καὶ ἐπιτιμῶντες καὶ τοῦτο μάλιστα τῆς ἀγαθότητος αὐτῶν δεῖγμα, καὶ τοῖς σφόδρα ἀνοήτοις κἀντεῦθεν δῆλον, ὅτι οὐδεὶς οὐδέποτε ἀνάγκῃ κακός. Εἰ δὲ καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα πάντα ζητοίης, πόθεν τὰ κακά; ἀπὸ ῥᾳθυμίας εἴποιμ' ἂν, ἀπὸ ἀργίας, ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῖς συγγίνεσθαι, ἀπὸ τοῦ καταφρονεῖν ἀρετῆς: ἐντεῦθεν καὶ τὰ κακὰ, καὶ τὸ ζητεῖν τινας, πόθεν τὰ κακά. Ὡς τῶν γε κατορθούντων οὐδεὶς ταῦτα ἐπιζητεῖ, τῶν ἐπιεικῶς καὶ σωφρόνως ζῇν προαιρουμένων: ἀλλ' οἱ πονηρὰ τολμῶντες, καὶ παραμυθίαν τινὰ ἀνόητον διὰ τούτων βουλόμενοι τῶν λόγων ἐπινοεῖν, ἀραχνῶν ὑφάσματα πλέκουσιν. Ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς ταῦτα μὴ διὰ λόγων μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τῶν ἔργων διαῤῥήξωμεν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀνάγκης ἐστὶ ταῦτα. Εἰ γὰρ ἀνάγκης ἦν, οὐκ ἂν εἶπεν: Οὐαὶ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ, δι' οὗ τὸ σκάνδαλον ἔρχεται! Ἐκείνους γὰρ μόνους ταλανίζει τοὺς ἐκ προαιρέσεως πονηρούς. Εἰ δὲ, Δι' οὗ, λέγει, μὴ θαυμάσῃς. Οὐ γὰρ ὡς ἑτέρου δι' αὐτοῦ εἰσάγοντος τοῦτό φησιν, ἀλλ' ὡς αὐτοῦ τὸ πᾶν κατασκευάζοντος. Οἶδε γὰρ τὸ δι' οὗ, τὸ ὑφ' οὗ λέγειν ἡ Γραφή: ὡς ὅταν λέγῃ: Ἐκτησάμην ἄνθρωπον διὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ: οὐ τὸ δεύτερον αἴτιον, ἀλλὰ τὸ πρῶτον τιθεῖσα. Καὶ πάλιν: Οὐχὶ διὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡ διασάφησις αὐτῶν ἐστι; καὶ, Πιστὸς ὁ Θεὸς, δι' οὗ ἐκλήθητε εἰς κοινωνίαν τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ. δʹ. Καὶ ἵνα μάθῃς, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ἀνάγκης, ἄκουσον καὶ τῶν ἑξῆς. Μετὰ γὰρ τὸ ταλανίσαι, φησίν: Εἰ ἡ χείρ σου ἢ ὁ ποῦς σου σκανδαλίζει σε, ἔκκοψον αὐτὰ, καὶ βάλε ἀπὸ σοῦ. Καλὸν γάρ σοί ἐστιν εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν ζωὴν χωλὸν ἢ κυλλὸν, ἢ δύο χεῖρας καὶ πόδας ἔχοντα βληθῆναι εἰς τὸ πῦρ. Καὶ εἰ ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου ὁ δεξιὸς σκανδαλίζει σε, ἔξελε αὐτόν. Καλόν σοί ἐστι μονόφθαλμον εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν ζωὴν, ἢ δύο ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχοντα βληθῆναι εἰς τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρός: οὐ περὶ μελῶν ταῦτα λέγων: ἄπαγε: ἀλλὰ περὶ φίλων, περὶ τῶν προσηκόντων, οὓς ἐν τάξει μελῶν ἔχομεν ἀναγκαίων. Τοῦτο καὶ ἀνωτέρω εἴρηκε, καὶ νῦν λέγει. Οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτω βλαβερὸν, ὡς συνουσία πονηρά. Ὅσα γὰρ ἀνάγκη μὴ δύναται, δύναται φιλία πολλάκις καὶ εἰς βλάβην καὶ εἰς ὠφέλειαν. Διὸ μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς σφοδρότητος τοὺς βλάπτοντας ἡμᾶς ἐκκόπτειν κελεύει, τούτους αἰνιττόμενος τοὺς τὰ σκάνδαλα φέροντας. Εἶδες πῶς τὴν ἐσομένην ἐκ τῶν σκανδάλων ἀνεκρούσατο βλάβην; Τῷ προειπεῖν, ὅτι πάντως ἔσται, ὥστε μηδένα ἐν ῥᾳθυμίᾳ εὑρεῖν, ἀλλὰ προσδοκῶντας αὐτὰ νήφειν: τῷ δεῖξαι μεγάλα ὄντα κακὰ (οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἁπλῶς εἶπεν, Οὐαὶ τῷ κόσμῳ ἀπὸ τῶν σκανδάλων! ἀλλὰ δεικνὺς μεγάλην τὴν ἐξ αὐτῶν λύμην): τῷ ταλανίσαι πάλιν τὸν εἰσάγοντα αὐτὰ μειζόνως. Τὸ γὰρ εἰπεῖν, Πλὴν οὐαὶ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ἐκείνῳ, πολλὴν δεικνύντος ἦν τὴν τιμωρίαν: οὐ τοῦτο δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῇ τοῦ παραδείγματος προσθήκῃ ηὔξησε τὸν φόβον. Εἶτα οὐκ ἀρκεῖται τούτοις, ἀλλὰ καὶ δείκνυσι τὴν ὁδὸν, δι' ἧς ἄν τις διαφύγοι τὰ σκάνδαλα. Τίς δέ ἐστιν αὕτη; Τοὺς πονηροὺς, φησὶ, κἂν σφόδρα σοι φίλοι ὦσιν, ἀπότεμνε τῆς φιλίας. Καὶ λέγει λογισμὸν ἀναντίῤῥητον. Ἂν μὲν γὰρ μένωσι φίλοι, οὔτε αὐτοὺς κερδανεῖς, καὶ σαυτὸν προσαπολεῖς: ἂν δὲ ἀποτέμνῃς, τὴν γοῦν σαυτοῦ σωτηρίαν καρπώσῃ. Ὥστε εἴ τινός σε φιλία βλάπτει, ἔκκοπτε ἀπὸ σοῦ. Εἰ γὰρ τῶν ἡμετέρων μελῶν πολλὰ πολλάκις ἀποτέμνομεν, ὅταν αὐτά τε ἀνιάτως ἔχῃ, καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς λυμαίνηται, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ φίλων τοῦτο ποιεῖν χρή. Εἰ δὲ φύσει ἦν τὰ κακὰ, περιττὴ πᾶσα αὕτη ἡ παραίνεσις καὶ ἡ συμβουλὴ, περιττὴ ἡ διὰ τῶν εἰρημένων φυλακή. Εἰ δὲ οὐ περιττὴ, ὥσπερ οὖν οὐδὲ περιττὴ, εὔδηλον ὅτι γνώμης ἡ πονηρία. Ὁρᾶτε μὴ καταφρονήσητε ἑνὸς τῶν μικρῶν τούτων. Λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν, ὅτι οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτῶν διαπαντὸς βλέπουσι τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ Πατρός μου τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς. Μικροὺς οὐ τοὺς ἀληθῶς μικροὺς καλεῖ, ἀλλὰ τοὺς νομιζομένους παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς, τοὺς πτωχοὺς, τοὺς εὐκαταφρονήτους, τοὺς ἀγνῶτας: (πῶς γὰρ ἂν εἴη μικρὸς ὁ τοῦ κόσμου παντὸς ἀντάξιος; πῶς ἂν εἴη μικρὸς ὁ τῷ Θεῷ φίλος;) ἀλλὰ τοὺς παρὰ τῇ τῶν πολλῶν ὑπονοίᾳ τοιούτους νομιζομένους. Καὶ οὐ λέγει περὶ πολλῶν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ ἑνὸς, κἀντεῦθεν πάλιν ἀποτειχίζων τὴν τῶν πολλῶν σκανδάλων βλάβην. Ὥσπερ γὰρ τὸ φεύγειν τοὺς πονηροὺς, οὕτω τὸ τιμᾷν τοὺς χρηστοὺς κέρδος ἔχει μέγιστον, καὶ διπλῆ γένοιτ' ἂν ἀσφάλεια τῷ προσέχοντι: μία μὲν ἐκ τοῦ τῶν σκανδαλιζόντων τὰς φιλίας ἐκτεμεῖν: ἑτέρα δὲ ἐκ τοῦ τοὺς ἁγίους τούτους ἔχειν ἐν θεραπείᾳ καὶ τιμῇ. Εἶτα καὶ ἑτέρωθεν αὐτοὺς αἰδεσίμους ποιεῖ, λέγων, ὅτι Οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτῶν διαπαντὸς βλέπουσι τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ Πατρός μου τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς. Ἐντεῦθεν δῆλον, ὅτι ἀγγέλους ἔχουσιν οἱ ἅγιοι, ἢ καὶ πάντες. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ Ἀπόστολός φησι περὶ τῆς γυναικὸς, ὅτι Ὀφείλει ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς διὰ τοὺς ἀγγέλους: καὶ ὁ Μωϋσῆς: Ἔστησεν ὅρια ἐθνῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ἀγγέλων Θεοῦ. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐ περὶ ἀγγέλων διαλέγεται μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ ἀγγέλων ὑπερεχόντων. Ὅταν δὲ εἴπῃ, Τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ Πατρός μου, οὐδὲν ἕτερον ἢ τὴν πλείονα παῤῥησίαν λέγει, καὶ τὴν πολλὴν τιμήν. Ἦλθε γὰρ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου σῶσαι τὸ ἀπολωλός. Πάλιν ἕτερον λογισμὸν τίθησι τοῦ προτέρου μείζονα, καὶ παραβολὴν συνάπτει, δι' ἧς καὶ τὸν Πατέρα εἰσάγει ταῦτα βουλόμενον. Τί γὰρ ὑμῖν δοκεῖ; φησίν: ἐὰν γένηταί τινι ἀνθρώπῳ πρόβατα ἑκατὸν, καὶ πλανηθῇ ἓν ἐξ αὐτῶν, οὐχὶ ἀφεὶς τὰ ἐνενηκονταεννέα, πορευθεὶς ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη, ζητεῖ τὸ πλανώμενον; Καὶ ἐὰν γένηται εὑρεῖν αὐτὸ, χαίρει ἐπ' αὐτῷ μᾶλλον, ἢ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἐνενηκονταεννέα τοῖς μὴ πεπλανημένοις. Οὕτως οὐκ ἔστι θέλημα ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν, ἵνα ἀπόληται εἷς τῶν μικρῶν τούτων. Ὁρᾷς δι' ὅσων ἡμᾶς ἐνάγει εἰς τὴν τῶν εὐτελῶν ἀδελφῶν ἐπιμέλειαν; Μὴ τοίνυν εἴπῃς, Χαλκοτύπος ἐστὶν ὁ δεῖνα, ὑποδηματοῤῥάφος, γεωργός ἐστιν, ἀνόητός ἐστι, καὶ καταφρονήσῃς. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ τοῦτο πάθῃς, ὅρα διὰ πόσων σε πείθει μετριάζειν, καὶ εἰς τὴν τούτων ἐπιμέλειαν ἐμβάλλει. Ἔστησε παιδίον, καί φησι: Γίνεσθε ὡς τὰ παιδία: καὶ, Ὃς ἂν δέξηται παιδίον τοιοῦτον, ἐμὲ δέχεται: καὶ, Ὃς ἐὰν σκανδαλίσῃ, τὰ ἔσχατα πείσεται. Καὶ οὐδὲ ἠρκέσθη τῷ παραδείγματι τοῦ μύλου, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ οὐαὶ προσέθηκε, καὶ τοὺς τοιούτους ἐκτέμνειν ἐκέλευσε, κἂν ἐν τάξει χειρῶν ὦσι καὶ ὀφθαλμῶν ἡμῖν. Καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀγγέλων πάλιν τῶν ἐγκεχειρισμένων αὐτοὺς τούτους τοὺς εὐτελεῖς ἀδελφοὺς, αἰδεσίμους ποιεῖ: καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ οἰκείου θελήματος καὶ πάθους (ὅταν γὰρ εἴπῃ, Ἦλθεν ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου σῶσαι τὸ ἀπολωλὸς, καὶ τὸν σταυρὸν δηλοῖ, καθάπερ καὶ Παῦλος φησι, περὶ ἀδελφοῦ λέγων: Δι' ὃν Χριστὸς ἀπέθανε): καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Πατρὸς, ὅτι οὐδὲ αὐτῷ δοκεῖ ἀπολέσθαι: καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς κοινῆς συνηθείας, ὅτι καταλιπὼν τὰ σεσωσμένα ὁ ποιμὴν ζητεῖ τὸ ἀπολόμενον: καὶ ὅταν εὕρῃ τὸ πεπλανημένον, σφόδρα ἥδεται τῇ εὑρέσει καὶ τῇ σωτηρίᾳ τούτου. εʹ. Εἰ τοίνυν ὁ Θεὸς οὕτω χαίρει ἐπὶ τῷ μικρῷ τῷ εὑρεθέντι, πῶς σὺ καταφρονεῖς τῶν τῷ Θεῷ περισπουδάστων, δέον καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτὴν προέσθαι ὑπὲρ ἑνὸς τῶν μικρῶν τούτων; Ἀλλ' ἀσθενής ἐστι καὶ εὐτελής; Δι' αὐτὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦτο μάλιστα πάντα δεῖ ποιεῖν, ὥστε αὐτὸν διασώζειν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ αὐτὸς τὰ ἐνενηκονταεννέα ἀφεὶς πρόβατα, ἐπ' ἐκεῖνο ἦλθε, καὶ οὐκ ἴσχυσε τῶν τοσούτων ἡ σωτηρία συσκιάσαι τοῦ ἑνὸς τὴν ἀπώλειαν. Ὁ δὲ Λουκᾶς, ὅτι καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων ἤνεγκε, φησί: Καὶ Μείζων ἐγένετο χαρὰ ἐπὶ ἑνὶ ἁμαρτωλῷ μετανοοῦντι, ἢ ἐπὶ ἐνενηκονταεννέα δικαίοις. Καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐγκαταλιπεῖν τὰ σεσωσμένα δι' αὐτὸ, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τούτῳ ἡσθῆναι, πολλὴν ἔδειξε τὴν περὶ αὐτοῦ σπουδήν. Μὴ δὴ ἀμελῶμεν τῶν ψυχῶν τῶν τοιούτων. Καὶ γὰρ πάντα ταῦτα διὰ ταῦτα εἴρηται. Τῷ μὲν γὰρ ἀπειλῆσαι μηδ' ὅλως ἐπιβήσεσθαι τῶν οὐρανῶν τὸν μὴ γενόμενον παιδίον, καὶ τοῦ μύλου μνησθῆναι, τὸν τῦφον κατήνεγκε τῶν ἀλαζόνων: οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτως ἀγάπῃ πολέμιον, ὡς ἀπόνοια: τῷ δὲ εἰπεῖν, Ἀνάγκη ἐστὶν ἐλθεῖν τὰ σκάνδαλα, ἐγρηγορέναι ἐποίησε: τῷ δὲ προσθεῖναι, Οὐαὶ δι' οὗ τὸ σκάνδαλον ἔρχεται, ἕκαστον σπουδάζειν μὴ δι' αὐτοῦ γενέσθαι παρεσκεύασε. Καὶ τῷ μὲν κελεῦσαι ἐκκόψαι τοὺς σκανδαλίζοντας, εὔκολον τὴν σωτηρίαν ἐποίησε: τῷ δὲ ἐπιτάξαι μὴ καταφρονεῖν αὐτῶν, καὶ μηδὲ ἁπλῶς ἐπιτάξαι, ἀλλὰ σφοδρῶς (Ὁρᾶτε γὰρ, φησὶ, μὴ καταφρονήσητε ἑνὸς τῶν μικρῶν τούτων): καὶ τῷ εἰπεῖν, ὅτι Οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτῶν βλέπουσι τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ Πατρός μου: καὶ, Διὰ τοῦτο ἦλθον ἐγώ: καὶ, Ὁ Πατήρ μου τοῦτο βούλεται: τοὺς ὀφείλοντας αὐτῶν ἐπιμελεῖσθαι σπουδαιοτέρους ἐποίησεν. Ὁρᾷς ὅσον τεῖχος αὐτοῖς περιήλασε, καὶ πόσην τῶν εὐκαταφρονήτων καὶ τῶν ἀπολλυμένων ποιεῖται σπουδὴν, ἀπειλῶν τε ἀνήκεστα κακὰ τοῖς ὑποσκελίζουσιν αὐτοὺς, καὶ μεγάλα ἐπαγγελλόμενος ἀγαθὰ τοῖς θεραπεύουσι καὶ ἐπιμελουμένοις, καὶ παρ' ἑαυτοῦ πάλιν τὸ ὑπόδειγμα φέρων καὶ παρὰ τοῦ Πατρός; Τοῦτον καὶ ἡμεῖς μιμησώμεθα, μηδὲν παραιτούμενοι τῶν δοκούντων εἶναι ταπεινῶν τε καὶ μοχθηρῶν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀδελφῶν: ἀλλὰ κἂν διακονεῖσθαι δέῃ, κἂν μικρὸς ᾗ, κἂν εὐτελὴς ὑπὲρ οὗ τοῦτο γίνεται, κἂν ἐπίπονον τὸ πρᾶγμα ᾖ, κἂν ὄρη καὶ κρημνοὺς διαβαίνειν χρῇ, πάντα ἔστω φορητὰ διὰ τὴν σωτηρίαν τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ. Οὕτω γὰρ περισπούδαστον ψυχὴ Θεῷ, ὡς μηδὲ τοῦ ἰδίου Υἱοῦ φείσασθαι. Διὸ παρακαλῶ, τοῦ ὄρθρου φανέντος. εὐθέως ἐξιόντες ἀπὸ τῆς οἰκίας, τοῦτον ἕνα σκοπὸν ἔχωμεν, καὶ ταύτην πρὸ πάντων σπουδὴν, ὥστε τὸν κινδυνεύοντα ἐξαρπάσαι: οὐ λέγω τοῦτον μόνον τὸν κίνδυνον τὸν αἰσθητόν: τοῦτο γὰρ οὐδὲ κίνδυνος: ἀλλὰ τὸν τῆς ψυχῆς, τὸν παρὰ τοῦ διαβόλου τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἐπιφερόμενον. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ ἔμπορος, ὥστε αὐξῆσαι τὴν περιουσίαν, πέλαγος διαβαίνει: καὶ ὁ χειροτέχνης, ὥστε προσθεῖναι τοῖς ὑπάρχουσι, πάντα ποιεῖ. Καὶ ἡμεῖς τοίνυν μὴ τῇ σωτηρίᾳ μόνον ἀρκώμεθα τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ, ἐπεὶ καὶ ταύτην λυμαινόμεθα. Καὶ γὰρ ἐν πολέμῳ καὶ παρατάξει ὁ πρὸς τοῦτο μόνον ὁρῶν στρατιώτης, ὅπως ἑαυτὸν διασώσειε φεύγων, καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους μεθ' ἑαυτοῦ προσαπόλλυσιν: ὥσπερ οὖν ὁ γενναῖος καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἄλλων τὰ ὅπλα τιθέμενος, μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων καὶ ἑαυτὸν διασώζει. Ἐπεὶ οὖν καὶ τὰ ἡμέτερα πόλεμος, καὶ πολέμων ἁπάντων ὁ πικρότατος, καὶ παράταξις καὶ μάχη, ὡς ὁ βασιλεὺς ἡμῶν ἐκέλευσεν, οὕτω ταττώμεθα ἐπὶ τῆς παρατάξεως, πρὸς σφαγὰς καὶ αἵματα καὶ φόνους παρεσκευασμένοι, πρὸς τὴν ὑπὲρ ἁπάντων σωτηρίαν βλέποντες, καὶ τοὺς ἑστηκότας ἀλείφοντες, καὶ τοὺς κειμένους ἐγείροντες. Καὶ γὰρ πολλοὶ τῶν ἀδελφῶν τῶν ἡμετέρων ἐν ταύτῃ κεῖνται τῇ παρατάξει, τραύματα ἔχοντες, αἵματι περιῤῥεόμενοι, καὶ ὁ θεραπεύων οὐδεὶς, οὐ τοῦ λαοῦ τις, οὐχ ἱερεὺς, οὐκ ἄλλος οὐδεὶς, οὐ παραστάτης, οὐ φίλος, οὐκ ἀδελφός: ἀλλὰ τὰ ἑαυτῶν σκοποῦμεν ἕκαστος. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τὰ ἑαυτῶν κολοβοῦμεν. Ἡ γὰρ μεγίστη παῤῥησία καὶ εὐδοκίμησις, τὸ μὴ τὰ ἑαυτῶν σκοπεῖν. Διά τοι τοῦτο ἀσθενεῖς καὶ εὐκαταγώνιστοι καὶ ἀνθρώποις καὶ διαβόλῳ, ὅτι τὸ ἐναντίον τούτου ζητοῦμεν, καὶ οὐ συνασπίζομεν ἀλλήλοις, οὐδὲ πεφράγμεθα τῇ κατὰ Θεὸν ἀγάπῃ, ἀλλ' ἑτέρας ἑαυτοῖς ἐπιζητοῦμεν φιλίας προφάσεις, οἱ μὲν ἀπὸ συγγενείας, οἱ δὲ ἀπὸ συνηθείας, οἱ δὲ ἀπὸ κοινωνίας, οἱ δὲ ἀπὸ γειτνιάσεως: καὶ πάντοθεν μᾶλλόν ἐσμεν φίλοι, ἢ ἀπὸ εὐσεβείας, δέον ἐκ ταύτης μόνης συνάπτεσθαι τὰς φιλίας. Νῦν δὲ τοὐναντίον γίνεται: Ἰουδαίοις καὶ Ἕλλησιν ἔστιν ὅπου γινόμεθα φίλοι, ἢ τοῖς τῆς Ἐκκλησίας τέκνοις. Ϛʹ. Ναὶ, φησίν: ὁ μὲν γάρ ἐστι μοχθηρὸς, ὁ δὲ χρηστὸς καὶ ἐπιεικής. Τί λέγεις; μοχθηρὸν τὸν ἀδελφὸν καλεῖς, ὁ μηδὲ ῥακὰ καλεῖν κελευόμενος; καὶ οὐκ αἰσχύνῃ, οὐδὲ ἐρυθριᾷς ἐκπομπεύων τὸν ἀδελφὸν, τὸ μέλος τὸ σὸν, τὸν τῶν αὐτῶν σοὶ κοινωνήσαντα ὠδίνων, τὸν τῆς αὐτῆς μετασχόντα τραπέζης; Ἀλλ' εἰ μέν τινα κατὰ σάρκα ἀδελφὸν ἔχεις, κἂν μυρία ἐργάζηται κακὰ, σπουδάζεις αὐτὸν περιστέλλειν, καὶ νομίζεις καὶ αὐτὸς τῆς αἰσχύνης κοινωνεῖν, ἐκείνου καταισχυνομένου: τὸν δὲ πνευματικὸν ἀδελφὸν, δέον ἐλευθερῶσαι διαβολῆς, σὺ δὲ καὶ μυρίαις περιβάλλεις κατηγορίαις; Μοχθηρὸς γάρ ἐστι καὶ δυσανάσχετος, φησίν. Οὐκοῦν διὰ τοῦτο γενοῦ φίλος, ἵνα παύσῃς ὄντα τοιοῦτον, ἵνα μεταβάλῃς, ἵνα ἐπαναγάγῃς ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρετήν. Ἀλλ' οὐ πείθεται, φησὶν, οὐδὲ ἀνέχεται συμβουλῆς. Πόθεν οἶσθα; παρῄνεσας γὰρ, καὶ διορθῶσαι ἐπεχείρησας; Παρῄνεσα πολλάκις, φησί. Ποσάκις; Πολλάκις: καὶ ἅπαξ καὶ δεύτερον. Βαβαί! τοῦτο πολλάκις; Εἰ γὰρ διὰ παντὸς τοῦτο ἐποίεις τοῦ χρόνου, καμεῖν ἐχρῆν καὶ ἀπαγορεῦσαι; Οὐχ ὁρᾷς πῶς διαπαντὸς ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῖν παραινεῖ, διὰ τῶν προφητῶν, διὰ τῶν ἀποστόλων, διὰ τῶν εὐαγγελιστῶν; Τί οὖν; πάντα κατωρθώσαμεν, καὶ πάντα ἐπείσθημεν; Οὐδαμῶς. Ἆρ' οὖν ἐπαύσατο παραινῶν; ἆρα ἐσίγησεν; Οὐ καθ' ἑκάστην λέγει τὴν ἡμέραν, Οὐ δύνασθε Θεῷ δουλεύειν καὶ μαμωνᾷ, καὶ αὔξεται πολλοῖς τῶν χρημάτων ἡ περιουσία καὶ ἡ τυραννίς; Οὐ καθ' ἑκάστην βοᾷ, Ἄφετε καὶ ἀφεθήσεται ὑμῖν, καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐκθηριούμεθα μᾶλλον; Οὐ διαπαντὸς παραινεῖ κρατεῖν ἐπιθυμίας, καὶ εἶναι κρείττους ἡδονῆς πονηρᾶς, πολλοὶ δὲ χοίρων μᾶλλον ἐγκαλινδοῦνται τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ ταύτῃ; Ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐ παύεται λέγων. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκα μὴ ταῦτα πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς λογιζόμεθα, καὶ λέγομεν, ὅτι Καὶ ἡμῖν ὁ Θεὸς διαλέγεται, καὶ οὐκ ἀφίσταται τοῦτο ποιῶν, καίτοι πολλὰ παρακουόντων ἡμῶν; Διὰ ταῦτα ἔλεγεν, ὅτι Ὀλίγοι οἱ σωζόμενοι. Εἰ γὰρ οὐκ ἀρκεῖ εἰς σωτηρίαν ἡμῖν ἡ καθ' ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς ἀρετὴ, ἀλλὰ δεῖ καὶ ἑτέρους ἔχοντας ἀπελθεῖν: ὅταν μήτε ἑαυτοὺς, μήτε ἑτέρους διασώσωμεν, τί πεισόμεθα; πόθεν ἐλπίδα λοιπὸν σωτηρίας ἕξομεν, Ἀλλὰ τί ταῦτα ἐγκαλῶ, ὅταν μηδὲ τῶν συνοικούντων λόγον τινὰ ποιώμεθα, γυναικὸς καὶ παίδων καὶ οἰκετῶν, ἀλλ' ἕτερα ἀνθ' ἑτέρων μεριμνῶμεν, καθάπερ οἱ μεθύοντες, ὅπως οἱ μὲν οἰκέται πλείους γένοιντο, καὶ μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς σπουδῆς ἡμῖν διακονήσαιεν, οἱ δὲ παῖδες πολὺν παρ' ἡμῶν δέξαιντο κλῆρον, ἡ δὲ γυνὴ χρυσία σχοίη καὶ ἱμάτια πολυτελῆ καὶ κτήματα: καὶ μηδαμοῦ ἑαυτῶν φροντίζωμεν, ἀλλὰ τῶν ἑαυτῶν; Οὔτε γὰρ τῆς γυναικὸς φροντίζομεν ἢ προνοοῦμεν, ἀλλὰ τῶν τῆς γυναικός: οὔτε τοῦ παιδίου, ἀλλὰ τῶν τοῦ παιδίου. Καὶ ταὐτὸν ποιοῦμεν, οἷον ἂν εἴ τις οἰκίαν ὁρῶν κακῶς διακειμένην, καὶ τοὺς τοίχους κλινομένους, ἀφεὶς ἀναστῆσαι τούτους, περιβόλους αὐτῇ μεγάλους ἔξωθεν κατασκευάζοι: ἢ σώματος ἠσθενηκότος, τούτου μὲν μὴ ἐπιμελοῖτο, ἱμάτια δὲ αὐτῷ χρυσᾶ ὑφαίνοι: ἢ τῆς δεσποίνης κακῶς διακειμένης, θεραπαινίδων, καὶ ἱστῶν, καὶ τῶν κατὰ τὴν οἰκίαν σκευῶν, καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἐπιμελοῖτο, ἐκείνην ἀφεὶς ἐῤῥῖφθαι καὶ οἰμώζειν. Τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ νῦν γίνεται: καὶ τῆς ψυχῆς ἡμῖν κακῶς διακειμένης καὶ ἀθλίως, καὶ θυμουμένης, καὶ λοιδορουμένης, καὶ ἐπιθυμούσης ἀτόπως, καὶ κενοδοξούσης, καὶ στασιαζούσης, καὶ πρὸς τὴν γῆν συρομένης, καὶ ὑπὸ θηρίων τοσούτων σπαραττομένης, ἀφέντες αὐτῆς ἀπελάσαι τὰ πάθη, οἰκίας καὶ οἰκετῶν φροντίζομεν. Καὶ εἰ μὲν ἄρκτος λαθοῦσα ἀποφύγοι, τὰς οἰκίας ἀποκλείομεν, καὶ κατὰ τοὺς στενωποὺς τρέχομεν, ὥστε μὴ περιπεσεῖν τῷ θηρίῳ: νυνὶ δὲ οὐχ ἑνὸς θηρίου, ἀλλὰ πολλῶν ἡμῖν λογισμῶν τοιούτων τὴν ψυχὴν σπαραττόντων, οὐδὲ αἴσθησιν λαμβάνομεν. Καὶ ἐν μὲν τῇ πόλει τοσαύτην ποιούμεθα σπουδὴν, ὡς ἐν ἐρήμῳ τόπῳ καὶ ἐν γαλεάγραις καθείργειν τὰ θηρία: καὶ οὔτε πρὸς τῷ βουλευτηρίῳ τῆς πόλεως, οὔτε πρὸς τοῖς δικαστηρίοις, οὔτε πρὸς τοῖς βασιλείοις, ἀλλὰ πόῤῥω που καὶ μακρὰν δεδεμένα κατέχομεν: ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς ψυχῆς, ἔνθα τὸ βουλευτήριον, ἔνθα τὰ βασίλεια, ἔνθα τὸ δικαστήριον, ἀνεῖται τὰ θηρία, περὶ τὸν νοῦν αὐτὸν καὶ τὸν θρόνον τὸν βασιλικὸν κράζοντα καὶ θορυβοῦντα. Διὰ τοῦτο πάντα ἄνω καὶ κάτω γίνεται, καὶ πάντα μεστὰ ταραχῆς, τὰ ἔνδον, τὰ ἔξω, καὶ οὐδὲν διεστήκαμεν ἕκαστος ἡμῶν πόλεως ὑπὸ καταδρομῆς βαρβάρων θορυβουμένης: καὶ ταὐτὸν γίνεται, οἷον ἂν εἰ δράκοντος νεοττίᾳ στρουθῶν ἐπιτιθεμένου, πανταχοῦ τρίζοντες οἱ στρουθοὶ πέτοιντο φοβούμενοι καὶ ταραχῆς γέμοντες, οὐκ ἔχοντες δὲ ὅποι καταλύσωσι τὴν ἀγωνίαν. ζʹ. Διὸ παρακαλῶ, τὸν δράκοντα ἀνέλωμεν, συγκλείσωμεν τὰ θηρία, ἀποπνίξωμεν, κατασφάξωμεν: καὶ τοὺς πονηροὺς τούτους λογισμοὺς τῇ μαχαίρᾳ τοῦ Πνεύματος παραδῶμεν, ἵνα μὴ καὶ ἡμῖν ἀπειλῇ τοιαῦτα ὁ προφήτης, οἷα καὶ τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ, ὅτι Ὀνοκένταυροι ἐκεῖ ὀρχήσονται, καὶ ἐχῖνοι, καὶ δράκοντες. Εἰσὶ γὰρ, εἰσὶ καὶ ἄνθρωποι ὀνοκενταύρων χείρους, καθάπερ ἐν ἐρημίᾳ ζῶντες, καὶ λακτίζοντες: καὶ τὸ πλέον τῆς νεότητος παρ' ἡμῖν τοιοῦτον. Καὶ γὰρ ἀγρίας ἔχοντες ἐπιθυμίας, οὕτω πηδῶσιν, οὕτω λακτίζουσιν, ἀχαλίνωτοι περιιόντες, καὶ τῇ σπουδῇ πρὸς οὐδὲν τῶν δεόντων χρώμενοι. Αἴτιοι δὲ οἱ πατέρες, οἳ τοὺς μὲν πωλοδάμνας ἀναγκάζουσι τοὺς ἵππους τοὺς ἑαυτῶν μετὰ πολλῆς ῥυθμίζειν τῆς ἐπιμελείας, καὶ οὐκ ἀφιᾶσιν ἐπὶ πολὺ τοῦ πώλου τὴν ἡλικίαν ἀδάμαστον προελθεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ χαλινὸν καὶ τὰ ἄλλα πάντα ἐπιτιθέασιν ἐκ προοιμίων: τοὺς δὲ αὐτῶν νέους ἐπὶ πολὺ περιορῶσιν ἀχαλινώτους περιιόντας καὶ σωφροσύνης ἐρήμους, πορνείαις καὶ κύβοις καὶ ταῖς ἐν τοῖς παρανόμοις θεάτροις διατριβαῖς καταισχυνομένους, δέον πρὸ τῆς πορνείας γυναικὶ παραδοῦναι, γυναικὶ σώφρονι καὶ σοφωτάτῃ: αὕτη γὰρ καὶ τῆς ἀτοπωτάτης ἀπάξει διατριβῆς τὸν ἄνδρα, καὶ ἀντὶ χαλινοῦ τῷ πώλῳ γενήσεται. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἑτέρωθεν αἱ πορνεῖαι καὶ αἱ μοιχεῖαι, ἀλλ' ἐκ τοῦ ἀφέτους εἶναι τοὺς νέους. Ἂν γὰρ γυναῖκα ἔχῃ συνετὴν, καὶ οἰκίας ἐπιμελήσεται, καὶ δόξης, καὶ ὑπολήψεως. Ἀλλὰ νέος ἐστὶ, φησίν. Οἶδα κἀγώ. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ Ἰσαὰκ τεσσαράκοντα ἐτῶν ὢν τὴν νύμφην ἠγάγετο, ἐν παρθενίᾳ τὴν ἡλικίαν πᾶσαν ἐκείνην διάγων, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τοὺς ἐν τῇ χάριτι νέους τὴν φιλοσοφίαν ταύτην ἀσκεῖν ἔδει. Ἀλλὰ τί πάθω; Οὐκ ἀνέχεσθε τῆς σωφροσύνης αὐτῶν ἐπιμελεῖσθαι, ἀλλὰ περιορᾶτε καταισχυνομένους, μολυνομένους, ἐναγεῖς γινομένους, οὐκ εἰδότες ὅτι γάμου κέρδος τὸ καθαρὸν διατηρῆσαι τὸ σῶμα: κἂν τοῦτο μὴ ᾖ, οὐδὲν ὄφελος γάμου. Ὑμεῖς δὲ τοὐναντίον ποιεῖτε: ὅταν μυρίων ἐμπλησθῶσι κηλίδων, τότε αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ γάμον ἄγετε, εἰκῆ καὶ μάτην. Δεῖ γὰρ ἀναμεῖναι, φησὶν, ἵνα εὐδόκιμος γένηται, ἵνα ἐν τοῖς πολιτικοῖς λάμψῃ πράγμασι: τῆς δὲ ψυχῆς ὑμῖν οὐδεὶς λόγος, ἀλλὰ περιορᾶτε αὐτὴν ἐῤῥιμμένην. Διὰ τοῦτο πάντα συγχύσεως γέμει, καὶ ἀταξίας καὶ ταραχῆς, ὅτι πάρεργον αὕτη, ὅτι τὰ μὲν ἀναγκαῖα ἠμέληται, τὰ δὲ εὐτελῆ πολλῆς τυγχάνει προνοίας. Οὐκ οἶσθα, ὅτι οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον χαριῇ τῷ παιδὶ, ὡς τὸ φυλάξαι πορνικῆς ἀκαθαρσίας καθαρόν; Ψυχῆς γὰρ ἴσον οὐδέν. Ὅτι Τί ὠφελεῖται ἄνθρωπος, φησὶν, ἐὰν τὸν κόσμον ὅλον κερδήσῃ, τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ζημιωθῇ, Ἀλλὰ γὰρ πάντα ὁ τῶν χρημάτων ἔρως ἀνέτρεψε καὶ κατέβαλε, καὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ τὸν ἀκριβῆ φόβον παρώθησεν, ὥσπερ τις τύραννος ἀκρόπολιν, οὕτω τὰς τῶν ἀνθρώπων ψυχὰς καταλαβών. Διὸ καὶ τῆς τῶν παίδων καὶ τῆς ἡμετέρας ἀμελοῦμεν σωτηρίας, ἓν μόνον σκοποῦντες, ὅπως εὐπορώτεροι γενόμενοι, πλοῦτον ἑτέροις ἀφῶμεν, κἀκεῖνοι πάλιν ἄλλοις, καὶ οἱ μετ' ἐκείνους τοῖς μετ' αὐτοὺς, παράπομποί τινες τῶν ἡμετέρων γινόμενοι κτημάτων τε καὶ χρημάτων, ἀλλ' οὐ δεσπόται. Ἐντεῦθεν πολλὴ ἡ ἄνοια: ἐντεῦθεν τῶν δούλων οἱ ἐλεύθεροι ἀτιμότεροι. Τοῖς μὲν γὰρ δούλοις, εἰ καὶ μὴ δι' αὐτοὺς, ἀλλὰ δι' ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς ἐπιτιμῶμεν: οἱ δὲ ἐλεύθεροι οὐδὲ ταύτης ἀπολαύουσι τῆς προνοίας, ἀλλὰ καὶ τούτων ἡμῖν εἰσιν εὐτελέστεροι. Καὶ τί λέγω τῶν δούλων; Καὶ γὰρ βοσκημάτων οἱ παῖδες ἀτιμότεροι, καὶ ὄνων καὶ ἵππων μᾶλλον ἐπιμελούμεθα, ἢ παίδων. Κἂν μὲν ἡμίονόν τις ἔχῃ, πολλὴ ἡ φροντὶς ὥστε ὀνηλάτην εὑρεῖν ἄριστον, καὶ μήτε ἀγνώμονα, μὴ κλέπτην, μὴ μέθυσον, μὴ τῆς τέχνης ἄπειρον: ἂν δὲ ψυχῇ παιδὸς ἐπιστῆσαι δέῃ παιδαγωγὸν, ἁπλῶς καὶ ὡς ἔτυχε τὸν ἐπελθόντα αἱρούμεθα. Καίτοιγε τῆς τέχνης ταύτης οὐκ ἔστιν ἄλλη μείζων. Τί γὰρ ἴσον τοῦ ῥυθμίσαι ψυχὴν, καὶ διαπλάσαι νέου διάνοιαν; Καὶ γὰρ παντὸς ζωγράφου καὶ παντὸς ἀνδριαντοποιοῦ τὸν ταύτην ἔχοντα τὴν ἐπιστήμην ἀκριβέστερον διακεῖσθαι χρή. Ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς οὐδένα τούτου ποιούμεθα λόγον, ἀλλ' ἓν ὁρῶμεν μόνον, ὅπως παιδευθῇ τὴν γλῶτταν. Καὶ τοῦτο δὲ διὰ χρήματα πάλιν ἐσπουδάκαμεν. Οὐ γὰρ ἵνα δύνηται λέγειν, ἀλλ' ἵνα χρηματίζηται, μανθάνει τὸ λέγειν: ὡς εἰ ἐξῆν καὶ χωρὶς τούτου πλουτεῖν, οὐδεὶς ἡμῖν ἦν οὐδὲ τούτου λόγος. Εἶδες πόση τῶν χρημάτων ἡ τυραννίς; πῶς πάντα κατέσχε, καὶ καθάπερ ἀνδράποδά τινα καὶ θρέμματα δήσασα ἕλκει ὅπουπερ ἂν θέλῃ; Ἀλλὰ τί τὸ κέρδος ἀπὸ τῶν τοσούτων ἐγκλημάτων ἡμῖν; Ἡμεῖς μὲν γὰρ τοῖς λόγοις αὐτὴν βάλλομεν: ἐκείνη δὲ τοῖς ἔργοις ἡμῶν κρατεῖ. Πλὴν ἀλλ' οὐδὲ οὕτω παυσόμεθα τοῖς ἀπὸ τῆς γλώττης αὐτὴν βάλλοντες ῥήμασιν. Ἂν μὲν γὰρ γένηταί τι πλέον, ἐκερδάναμεν καὶ ἡμεῖς καὶ ὑμεῖς: ἂν δὲ τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἐπιμένητε, τό γε ἡμέτερον ἅπαν ἀπήρτισται. Ὁ δὲ Θεὸς καὶ ὑμᾶς ταύτης ἀπαλλάξειε τῆς νόσου, καὶ ἡμᾶς ἐφ' ὑμῖν καυχᾶσθαι παρασκευάσειεν: ὅτι αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.