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Basil of Caesarea, Letters
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To the Cæsareans . A defence of his withdrawal, and concerning the faith .
Without address. To some friends .
To Arcadius, Imperial Treasurer .
Against Eunomius the heretic .
Without address. On the Perfection of the Life of Solitaries .
To Athanasius, father of Athanasius bishop of Ancyra .
To Athanasius, bishop of Ancyra .
To Cæsarius, brother of Gregory .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To the Church of Neocæsarea. Consolatory .
To the Church of Ancyra. Consolatory .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To his Brother Gregory, concerning the difference between οὐσία and ὑπόστασις.
To Eusebius, Bishop of Samosata .
To Paregorius, the presbyter .
To Meletius, Bishop of Antioch .
To Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria .
To the Governor of Neocæsarea .
To Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria .
To Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria .
To Meletius, bishop of Antioch .
To Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria .
Without inscription: about Therasius .
Without inscription, on behalf of Elpidius .
To Eustathius bishop of Sebastia .
To Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria .
To Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria .
That the oath ought not to be taken .
Without address on the same subject .
Without address on the subject of the exaction of taxes .
To Meletius, bishop of Antioch .
To the holy brethren the bishops of the West .
To Valerianus, Bishop of Illyricum .
To the Patrician Cæsaria , concerning Communion .
To Elias, Governor of the Province .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Eusebius, Bishop of Samosata .
To the deaconesses, the daughters of Count Terentius .
To the guardian of the heirs of Julitta .
To Jovinus, Bishop of Perrha .
To Eustathius, Bishop of Sebasteia .
To Meletius, bishop of Antioch .
To Theodotus, bishop of Nicopolis .
To Pœmenius , bishop of Satala .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Meletius Bishop of Antioch .
To Theodotus bishop of Nicopolis .
To Abramius, bishop of Batnæ .
To Diodorus, presbyter of Antioch .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Antipater, on his assuming the governorship of Cappadocia .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Amphilochius in the name of Heraclidas .
To Ascholius, bishop of Thessalonica .
Without address . In the case of a trainer
To Eupaterius and his daughter .
To Amphilochius on his consecration as Bishop .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Ascholius, bishop of Thessalonica .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Amphilochius, Bishop of Iconium .
To the Master Sophronius, on behalf of Eunathius .
To Otreius, bishop of Melitene .
To the presbyters of Samosata .
To Eustathius, bishop of Himmeria .
To Theodotus, bishop of Beræa .
To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium .
To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium .
To Euphronius, bishop of Colonia Armeniæ .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium .
To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium .
To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium .
To the bishops of the sea coast .
To Elpidius the bishop. Consolatory .
To the notables of Neocæsarea .
To Meletius, bishop of Antioch.
To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium.
Against Eustathius of Sebasteia .
Consolatory, to the clergy of Colonia .
To the magistrates of Colonia.
To the magistrates of Nicopolis.
To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium.
To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium.
To Amphilochius, in reply to certain questions.
To the same, in answer to another question.
To the same, in answer to another question.
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata.
To the presbyters of Nicopolis .
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata.
To the Presbyters of Nicopolis.
To Eusebius, bishop of Samosata .
To the bishops of Italy and Gaul concerning the condition and confusion of the Churches.
To Patrophilus, bishop of Ægæ .
To Amphilochius, bishop of Iconium.
Without address. Commendatory.
To Patrophilus, bishop of Ægæ.
To the monks harassed by the Arians.
To the monks Palladius and Innocent.
To Eulogius, Alexander, and Harpocration, bishops of Egypt, in exile.
To Barses, bishop of Edessa, in exile.
To the wife of Arinthæus, the General. Consolatory.
Without address. Concerning Hera.
Without address. Concerning Hera.
To the assessor in the case of monks.
Without address. Excommunicatory.
Without address. Concerning an afflicted woman.
To Timotheus the Chorepiscopus .
Letters CCCXVI., CCCXVII., CCCXVIII., CCCXIX.
Letters CCCXVI., CCCXVII., CCCXVIII., CCCXIX.
Letters CCCXVI., CCCXVII., CCCXVIII., CCCXIX.
Letters CCCXVI., CCCXVII., CCCXVIII., CCCXIX.
Letters CCCXXX., CCCXXXI., CCCXXXII., CCCXXXIII.
Letters CCCXXX., CCCXXXI., CCCXXXII., CCCXXXIII.
Letters CCCXXX., CCCXXXI., CCCXXXII., CCCXXXIII.
Letters CCCXXX., CCCXXXI., CCCXXXII., CCCXXXIII.
Of the Holy Trinity, the Incarnation, the invocation of Saints, and their Images.
Letter LIX.480 Placed in 361, at about the same time as the preceding.
To Gregory, his uncle.481 Vide n. on preceding page.
1. “I have long time holden my peace. Am I to hold my peace for ever?482 Isa. xlii. 14, LXX. Shall I still further endure to enforce against myself the hardest punishment of silence, by neither writing myself, nor receiving any statement from another? By holding fast to this stern determination up to the present time I am able to apply to myself the prophet’s words, “I endure patiently like travailing woman.”483 Isa. xlii. 14, LXX. Yet I am ever longing for communication either in person or by letter, and ever, for my own sins’ sake, missing it. For I cannot imagine any reason for what is happening, other than what I am convinced is the true one, that by being cut off from your love I am expiating old sins; if indeed I am not wrong in using such a phrase as “cut off” in your case, from any one, much less from me, to whom you have always been as a father. Now my sin, like some dense cloud overshadowing me, has made me forget all this. When I reflect that the only result to me of what is going on is sorrow, how can I attribute it to anything but to my own wickedness? But if events are to be traced to sins, be this the end of my troubles; if there was any intended discipline in it, then your object has been very completely attained, for the punishment has been going on for a long time; so I groan no longer, but am the first to break silence, and beseech you to remember both me and yourself who, to a greater degree than our relationship might have demanded, have shewn me strong affection all my life. Now, I implore you, show kindness to the city for my sake. Do not on my account alienate yourself from it.
2. If, then, there is any consolation in Christ, any fellowship of the Spirit, any mercy and pity, fulfil my prayer. Put a stop to my depression. Let there be a beginning of brighter things for the future. Be yourself a leader to others in the road to all that is best, and follow no one else in the way to what is wrong. Never was any feature so characteristic of any one’s body as gentleness and peace are of your soul. It were well becoming such a one as you are to draw all others to yourself, and to cause all who come near you to be permeated with the goodness of your nature, as with the fragrance of myrrh. For though there be a certain amount of opposition now, nevertheless ere long there will be a recognition of the blessings of peace. So long, however, as room is found for the calumnies that are bred of dissension, suspicion is sure to grow from worse to worse. It is most certainly unbecoming for the rest to take no notice of me, but it is especially unbecoming in your excellency. If I am wrong I shall be all the better for being rebuked. This is impossible if we never meet. But, if I am doing no wrong, for what am I disliked? So much I offer in my own defence.
3. As to what the Churches might say in their own behalf, perhaps it is better for me to be silent: they reap the result of our disagreement, and it is not to their gain. I am not speaking to indulge my grief but to put a stop to it. And your intelligence, I am sure, has suffered nothing to escape you. You will yourself be better able to discern and to tell to others points of far greater importance than I can conceive. You saw the mischief done to the Churches before I did; and you are grieving more than I am, for you have long learnt from the Lord not to despise even the least.484 cf. Matt. xviii. 10. And now the mischief is not confined to one or two, but whole cities and peoples are sharers in my calamities. What need to tell what kind of report will spread about me even beyond our borders? It were well for you, large hearted as you are, to leave the love of strife to others; nay rather, if it be possible, to root it from their hearts, while you yourself vanquish what is grievous by endurance. Any angry man can defend himself, but to rise above the actual anger belongs only to you, and any one as good as you, if such there be. One thing I will not say, that he who has a grudge against me is letting his anger fall on the innocent. Do then comfort my soul by coming to me, or by a letter, or by inviting me to come to you, or by some means or other. My prayer is that your piety may be seen in the Church and that you may heal at once me and the people, both by the sight of you and by the words of your good grace. If this be possible it is best; if you determine on any other course I shall willingly accept it. Only accede to my entreaty that you will give me distinct information as to what your wisdom decides.
ΓΡΗΓΟΡΙῼ ΘΕΙῼ
[1] Ἐσιώπησα. Μὴ καὶ ἀεὶ σιωπήσομαι, καὶ ἀνέξομαι ἐπὶ πλεῖον τὴν δυσφορωτάτην ζημίαν τῆς σιωπῆς κυρῶσαι κατ' ἐμαυτοῦ, μήτε αὐτὸς ἐπιστέλλων μήτ' ἀκούων προσφθεγγομένου; Ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ μέχρι τοῦ παρόντος ἐγκαρτερήσας τῷ σκυθρωπῷ τούτῳ δόγματι, ἡγοῦμαι πρέπειν κἀμοὶ τὰ τοῦ προφήτου λέγειν, ὅτι »Ἐκαρτέρησα ὡς ἡ τίκτουσα«, ἀεὶ μὲν ἐπιθυμῶν ἢ συντυχίαν ἢ λόγου, ἀεὶ δὲ ἀποτυγχάνων διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας τὰς ἐμαυτοῦ. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ ἄλλην τινὰ αἰτίαν ἔχω τοῖς γινομένοις ἐπινοεῖν, πλήν γε δὴ τοῦ πεπεῖσθαι παλαιῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἐκτίνειν δίκας ἐν τῷ χωρισμῷ τῆς ἀγάπης σου, εἰ δὴ καὶ ὀνομάζειν χωρισμὸν ὅσιον ἐπὶ σοῦ καὶ οὑτινοσοῦν τῶν τυχόντων, μὴ ὅτι γε ἡμῶν, οἷς ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐν πατρὸς γέγονας χώρᾳ. Ἀλλ' ἡ ἁμαρτία μου νῦν, οἷα νεφέλη βαθεῖά τις ἐπισχοῦσα, πάντων ἐκείνων ἄγνοιαν ἐνεποίησεν. Ὅταν γὰρ ἀπίδω πλὴν τοῦ ἐμοὶ λύπην τὸ γινόμενον φέρειν μηδὲν ἕτερον ἐξ αὐτοῦ κατορθούμενον, πῶς οὐχὶ εἰκότως ταῖς ἐμαυτοῦ κακίαις ἀνατίθημι τὰ παρόντα; Ἀλλ' εἴτε ἁμαρτίαι τῶν συμβάντων αἰτίαι, τοῦτό μοι πέρας ἔστω τῶν δυσχερῶν: εἴτε τι τὸ οἰκονομούμενον ἦν, ἐξεπληρώθη πάντως τὸ σπουδαζόμενον. Οὐ γὰρ ὀλίγος ὁ τῆς ζημίας χρόνος. Διὸ μηκέτι στέγων πρῶτος ἔρρηξα φωνήν, παρακαλῶν ἡμῶν τε αὐτῶν ἀναμνησθῆναι καὶ σεαυτοῦ, ὃς πλέον ἢ κατὰ τὸ τῆς συγγενείας εἰκὸς παρὰ πάντα τὸν βίον τὴν κηδεμονίαν ἡμῶν ἐπεδείξω, καὶ τὴν πόλιν νῦν ἡμῶν ἕνεκεν ἀγαπᾶν, ἀλλὰ μὴ δι' ἡμᾶς ἀλλοτριοῦν σαυτὸν τῆς πόλεως.
[2] Εἴ τις οὖν παράκλησις ἐν Χριστῷ, εἴ τις κοινωνία Πνεύματος, εἴ τι σπλάγχνα καὶ οἰκτιρμοί, πλήρωσον ἡμῶν τὴν εὐχήν: ἐνταῦθα στῆσον τὰ κατηφῆ, ἀρχήν τινα δὸς τοῖς φαιδροτέροις πρὸς τὸ ἑξῆς, αὐτὸς τοῖς ἄλλοις καθηγούμενος ἐπὶ τὰ βέλτιστα, ἀλλ' οὐχὶ ἀκολουθῶν ἑτέρῳ ἐφ' ἃ μὴ δεῖ. Καὶ γὰρ οὐδὲ σώματος χαρακτὴρ ἴδιος οὕτω τινὸς ἐνομίσθη ὡς τῆς σῆς ψυχῆς τὸ εἰρηνικόν τε καὶ ἥμερον. Πρέποι δ' ἂν οὖν τῷ τοιούτῳ τοὺς ἄλλους ἕλκειν πρὸς ἑαυτὸν καὶ παρέχειν πᾶσι τοῖς ἐγγίζουσί σοι, ὥσπερ μύρου τινὸς εὐωδίας, τῆς τοῦ σοῦ τρόπου χρηστότητος ἀναπίμπλασθαι. Καὶ γὰρ εἴ τι καὶ ἀντιτεῖνόν ἐστι νῦν, ἀλλὰ μικρὸν ὕστερον καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ τῆς εἰρήνης ἀγαθὸν ἐπιγνώσεται. Ἕως δ' ἂν ἐκ τῆς διαστάσεως αἱ διαβολαὶ χώραν ἔχωσιν, ἀνάγκη ἀεὶ τὰς ὑποψίας ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον συναύξεσθαι. Ἔστι μὲν οὖν οὐδ' ἐκείνοις πρέπον ἀμελεῖν ἡμῶν, πάντων δὲ πλέον τῇ τιμιότητί σου. Καὶ γὰρ εἰ μὲν ἁμαρτάνομέν τι, βελτίους ἐσόμεθα νουθετούμενοι. Τοῦτο δὲ ἄνευ συντυχίας ἀμήχανον. Εἰ δὲ οὐδὲν ἀδικοῦμεν, ἀντὶ τίνος μισούμεθα; Ταῦτα μὲν οὖν τὰ τῆς ἰδίας ἐμαυτοῦ δικαιολογίας προΐσχομαι.
[3] Ἃ δ' ἂν ὑπὲρ ἑαυτῶν αἱ Ἐκκλησίαι εἴποιεν, οὐκ εἰς καλὸν τῆς διαστάσεως ἡμῶν ἀπολαύουσαι, βέλτιον μὲν σιωπᾶν. Οὐ γὰρ ἵνα λυπήσω τοῖς λόγοις κέχρημαι, ἀλλ' ἵνα παύσω τὰ λυπηρά. Τὴν δὲ σὴν σύνεσιν πάντως οὐδὲν διαπέφευγεν, ἀλλὰ πολλῷ μείζω καὶ τελειότερα ὧν ἡμεῖς νοοῦμεν αὐτὸς ἂν ἐξεύροις τῇ διανοίᾳ καὶ ἄλλοις εἴποις, ὅς γε καὶ εἶδες πρὸ ἡμῶν τὰς βλάβας τῶν Ἐκκλησιῶν καὶ λυπῇ μᾶλλον ἡμῶν, πάλαι δεδιδαγμένος παρὰ τοῦ Κυρίου μηδενὸς τῶν ἐλαχίστων καταφρονεῖν. Νυνὶ δὲ ἡ βλάβη οὐκ εἰς ἕνα ἢ δεύτερον περιορίζεται, ἀλλὰ πόλεις ὅλαι καὶ δῆμοι τῶν ἡμετέρων παραπολαύουσι συμφορῶν. Τὴν γὰρ ἐπὶ τῆς ὑπερορίας φήμην τί χρὴ καὶ λέγειν ὁποία τις ἔσται περὶ ἡμῶν; Πρέποι οὖν ἂν τῇ σῇ μεγαλοψυχίᾳ τὸ μὲν φιλόνεικον ἑτέροις παραχωρεῖν, μᾶλλον δὲ κἀκείνων ἐξελεῖν τῆς ψυχῆς, εἴπερ οἷόν τε, αὐτὸν δὲ δι' ἀνεξικακίας νικῆσαι τὰ λυπηρά. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἀμύνεσθαι παντός ἐστι τοῦ ὀργιζομένου. Τὸ δὲ καὶ αὐτῆς τῆς ὀργῆς ὑψηλότερον εἶναι, τοῦτο δὲ μόνου σοῦ καὶ εἴ τίς σοι τὴν ἀρετὴν παραπλήσιος. Ἐκεῖνο δὲ οὐκ ἐρῶ, ὅτι ὁ ἡμῖν χαλεπαίνων εἰς τοὺς μηδὲν ἀδικήσαντας τὴν ὀργὴν ἐπαφίησιν. Εἴτε οὖν παρουσίᾳ, εἴτε γράμματι, εἴτε κλήσει τῇ πρὸς ἑαυτόν, εἴτε ᾧπερ ἂν ἐθέλοις τρόπῳ, παραμύθησαι ἡμῶν τὴν ψυχήν. Ἡμῖν μὲν γὰρ εὐχὴ ἐπὶ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας φανῆναι τὴν θεοσέβειάν σου, καὶ ἡμᾶς τε ὁμοῦ καὶ τὸν λαὸν θεραπεῦσαι αὐτῇ τε τῇ ὄψει καὶ τοῖς λόγοις τῆς χάριτός σου. Ἐὰν μὲν οὖν τοῦτο ᾖ δυνατόν, τοῦτο κράτιστον: ἐὰν δέ τι ἕτερον δόξῃ, κἀκεῖνο δεξόμεθα. Μόνον γνωρίσαι ἡμῖν τὸ παριστάμενον τῇ φρονήσει σου παρακλήθητι.