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suffering cowardly in the face of the contest. 11.3.3 For my part, I used to praise other painters, until I saw the drama of that Colchian woman, how as she was about to bring the sword against her children, she divided her face between pity and rage, and one of her eyes displays anger, while the other reveals the mother, sparing and shuddering, but now I have transferred my wonder from that conception to this painting; and I greatly admire the artist, because he especially mixed the bloom of the colors, blending together modesty and courage, passions that naturally fight one another. 11.4.1 As the imitation advanced, certain executioners in short tunics, naked, were already beginning their work; and one, having seized her head and bent it backward, presented to the other the maiden's face ready for punishment; while the other standing by was knocking out the pearly substance of her teeth; a hammer and a drill appear as the instruments of torture. From this point I weep and the emotion cuts off my speech; for the painter has colored the drops of blood so vividly that you would say they were truly pouring from her lips, and having lamented, you would depart. 11.4.2 After this, a prison; and again the holy virgin in grey garments sits alone, stretching out her two hands to heaven and calling upon God as a helper in her troubles; and as she is praying, there appears above her head the sign which it is the custom for Christians to venerate and to inscribe, a symbol, I think, of the suffering that awaited her. 11.4.3 Then, indeed, and after a little, the painter kindled a fierce fire in another place, giving body to the flame with red color illuminated from this side and that. And he places her in the middle, her hands spread out towards heaven, showing no distress on her face, but on the contrary, rejoicing that she was departing to the bodiless and blessed life. 11.4.4 To this point the painter stayed his hand, and I my speech; it is time for you also, if you wish, to complete the painting, so that you may see precisely, if we have not fallen far behind the description.

12.t.1 Encomium of Asterius, Bishop of Amaseia, on Saint Stephen the Protomartyr

12.1.1 How truly sacred and beautiful is the cycle of events that gladden us! For feast succeeds feast and festival follows festival; we are called from prayer to prayer, and the honor of the servant follows the Epiphany of the Lord. And whether one looks to the birth of him who was born yesterday in the flesh and is forever according to his divinity, or to his martyrdom, which today the noble servant endured, he will find many and various matters, but one purpose, that we might be taught piety. 12.1.2 Yesterday, then, we learned through the recurring and customary feast that the Savior of the world was born, and the fleshless was clothed in flesh, and the bodiless put on a body, and then that he also accepted sufferings on our behalf and was lifted up on the wood for no other reason than for his providence for us. But today we see the noble athlete being stoned for him, that with blood he might repay the grace given through blood. 12.2.1 Stephen, therefore, the convener of this festival, who has called us to the gladness we see, who has led the city as one man, the first-fruits of the martyrs, teacher of sufferings for Christ, the foundation of the good confession. For before Stephen, no one had shed blood for the gospel. 12.2.2 But just as Cain that fratricide, as the history of Moses teaches me, the fratricide

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πάσχουσα πρὸς τὸν ἀγῶνα δειλόν. 11.3.3 Ὡς ἔγωγε τοὺς ἄλλους τέως ἐπῄνουν ζωγράφους, ἐστ' ἂν ἐθεασάμην τῆς γυναικὸς ἐκείνης τῆς Κολχίδος τὸ δρᾶμα, ὅπως μέλλουσα τοῖς τέκνοις ἐπιφέρειν τὸ ξίφος ἐλέῳ καὶ θυμῷ μερίζει τὸ πρόσωπον καὶ θάτερος μὲν τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν τὴν ὀργὴν ἐμφανίζει, θάτερος δὲ τὴν μητέρα μηνύει φειδομένην καὶ φρίττουσαν, νῦν δὲ τὸ θαῦμα ἀπ' ἐκείνης τῆς ἐννοίας πρὸς ταύτην μετατέθεικα τὴν γραφήν· καὶ σφόδρα γε ἄγαμαι τοῦ τεχνίτου, ὅτι μᾶλλον ἔμιξε τῶν χρωμάτων τὸ ἄνθος, αἰδῶ τε ὁμοῦ καὶ ἀνδρείαν κεράσας, πάθη κατὰ φύσιν μαχόμενα. 11.4.1 Προβαινούσης δὲ εἰς τὸ πρόσω τῆς μιμήσεως, δήμιοί τινες ἐν χιτωνίσκοις γυμνοὶ ἤδη ἤρχοντο τοῦ ἔργου· καὶ ὁ μὲν δραξάμενος τῆς κεφαλῆς καὶ ἀνακλίνας εἰς τὸ κατόπιν παρεῖχε τῷ ἑτέρῳ εὐτρεπὲς εἰς τιμωρίαν τῆς παρθένου τὸ πρόσωπον· ὁ δὲ παραστὰς ἐξέκοπτε τῶν ὀδόν των τὸ μαργαρῶδες· σφῦρα δὲ καὶ τέρετρον φαίνεται τῆς τιμωρίας τὰ ὄργανα. ∆ακρύω δὲ τὸ ἐντεῦθεν καί μοι τὸ πάθος ἐπικόπτει τὸν λόγον· τὰς γὰρ τοῦ αἵματος σταγόνας οὕτως ἐναργῶς ἐπέχρωσεν ὁ γραφεὺς ὥστε εἴποις ἂν προχεῖσθαι τῶν χειλέων ἀληθῶς καὶ θρηνήσας ἀπέλθοις. 11.4.2 ∆εσμωτήριον μετὰ ταῦτα· καὶ πάλιν ἡ παρθένος σεμνὴ ἐν τοῖς φαιοῖς ἱματίοις κάθηται μόνη ἐκτείνουσα τὼ χεῖρε πρὸς οὐρανὸν καὶ καλοῦσα Θεὸν ἐπίκουρον τῶν δεινῶν· εὐχομένῃ δὲ αὐτῇ φαίνεται ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς τὸ σημεῖον ὃ δὴ νόμος χριστιανοῖς προσκυνεῖν τε καὶ ἐπιγράφεσθαι, σύμβολον οἶμαι τοῦ πάθους ὅπερ αὐτὴν ἐξεδέχετο. 11.4.3 Εὐθὺς γοῦν καὶ μετ' ὀλίγον πῦρ ἀλλαχοῦ σφοδρὸν ὁ ζωγράφος ἀνῆψεν, ἐρυθρῷ χρώματι ἔνθεν καὶ ἔνθεν ἐπιλαμφθέντι σωματοποιήσας τὴν φλόγα. Ἵστησι δὲ μέσην αὐτήν, τὰς μὲν χεῖρας πρὸς οὐρανὸν διαπλώσασαν, ἀχθηδόνα δὲ οὐδεμίαν ἐπιφαίνουσαν τῷ προσώπῳ, ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον γεγηθυῖαν ὅτι πρὸς τὴν ἀσώματον καὶ μακαρίαν ἐξεδήμει ζωήν. 11.4.4 Μέχρι τούτου καὶ ὁ ζωγράφος ἔστησε τὴν χεῖρα κἀγὼ τὸν λόγον· ὥρα δέ σοι καὶ αὐτήν, εἰ βούλει, τελέσαι τὴν γραφήν, ἵνα κατίδῃς ἀκριβῶς, εἰ μὴ πολὺ κατόπιν τῆς ἐξηγήσεως ἤλθομεν.

12.t.1 Ἀστερίου ἐπισκόπου Ἀμασείας ἐγκώμιον εἰς τὸν ἅγιον Στέφανον τὸν πρωτομάρτυρα

12.1.1 Ὡς ἱερὸς ἀληθῶς καὶ καλὸς τῶν εὐφραινόντων ἡμᾶς πραγμάτων ὁ κύκλος! Ἑορτὴ γὰρ ἑορτὴν διαδέχεται καὶ πανήγυρις καταλαμβάνει πανήγυριν· καλούμεθα δὲ ἀπὸ εὐχῆς εἰς εὐχὴν καὶ τοῦ Κυρίου τὰ θεο φάνεια καταλαμβάνει ἡ τοῦ δούλου τιμή. Κἄν τε δὲ πρὸς τὴν γέννησίν τις ἀπίδῃ τοῦ χθὲς τεχθέντος διὰ σαρκὸς καὶ ἀεὶ ὄντος κατὰ θεότητα, κἄν τε πρὸς τὸ ἐκείνου μαρτύριον, ὅπερ σήμερον ὁ γενναῖος ὑπέστη θεράπων, πολλὰ μὲν εὑρήσει καὶ ποικίλα τὰ πράγματα, ἕνα δὲ σκόπον, ἵνα ἡμεῖς διδαχθῶμεν εὐσέβειαν. 12.1.2 Χθὲς μὲν οὖν ἐμάθομεν διὰ τῆς ἐγκυκλίου καὶ συνήθους ἑορτῆς, ὅτι ἐγεννήθη ὁ τοῦ κόσμου Σωτὴρ καὶ ὁ ἄσαρκος τὴν σάρκα ἠμφιάσατο καὶ ὁ ἀσώματος ἐνεδύσατο σῶμα, εἶτα ὅτι καὶ πάθη ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν κατεδέξατο καὶ ὑψώθη ἐπὶ τοῦ ξύλου οὐχ ὑπὲρ ἄλλου τινὸς ἢ ὑπὲρ ἡμετέρας προνοίας. Σήμερον δὲ βλέπομεν τὸν γενναῖον ἀγωνιστὴν ὑπὲρ ἐκείνου καταλιθούμενον, ἵνα αἵματι ἀποτίσῃ τὴν ὑπὲρ αἵματος χάριν. 12.2.1 Στέφανος οὖν, ὁ τῆς πανηγύρεως ταύτης συναγωγεύς, ὁ καλέ σας ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ τὴν ὁρωμένην εὐφροσύνην, ὁ δημαγωγήσας ὡς ἕνα τὴν πόλιν, ἀνὴρ ἀπαρχὴ τῶν μαρτύρων, διδάσκαλος τῶν ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ πόνων, κρηπὶς τῆς καλῆς ὁμολογίας. Πρὸ γὰρ Στεφάνου οὐδεὶς ὑπὲρ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου ἐξέχεεν αἷμα. 12.2.2 Ἀλλ' ὥσπερ Κάϊν ἐκεῖνος ὁ ἀδελφοκτόνος καθώς με διδάσκει ἡ τοῦ Μωϋσέως ἱστορία τὴν ἀδελφοκτονίαν