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and we pray that his God-beloved sons 4.20.2 "be preserved for us for the longest span of life, safe and victorious." Such things he ordained for the military detachments to do on the day of light, and he taught them to utter such words in their prayers to God. 4.21.1 And now he caused the symbol of the saving trophy to be marked even on their very weapons, and for none of the golden statues, such as had been their former custom, to be carried before the army in arms, but only the saving trophy. But he himself, like a participant in sacred mysteries, would shut himself up in the secret inner chambers of his palace at appointed times each day, and would commune alone with his God, and on bended knee he would importune him with suppliant prayers to obtain what he needed, and on the days of the saving festival, intensifying his spiritual discipline with all the strength of his soul and body, he would celebrate the divine mysteries, 4.22.2 being thus wholly devoted to a life of purity, and thus also leading all in the festival. And the sacred vigil he would transform into the light of day, with those appointed for this duty lighting very tall pillars of wax throughout the entire city, and fiery torches illuminated every place, so that the mystical all-night vigil was made more brilliant than the brightest day. And when dawn broke, imitating the saving acts of beneficence, he would extend his benevolent right hand to all nations, peoples, and communities, bestowing rich gifts on all. 4.23.1 Thus then did he himself minister to his own God. And in general, for the communities and military forces under Roman rule, the gates of all idolatry were closed, and every manner of sacrifice was forbidden. And likewise, a law went forth to the governors of each province to honor the Lord's day; and they themselves, by the emperor's will, also honored the days of the martyrs and celebrated the seasons of festivals in the churches, and all such things were done according to the emperor's desire. Hence, it was fitting that he himself, once entertaining bishops at a banquet, made a statement that he too was a bishop, speaking to them in some such words as these in our hearing: "But you are bishops of those within the church, while I might be a bishop of those without, appointed by God." And thinking in accordance with his words, he watched over all his subjects, and urged them, as much as he was able, to pursue a life of piety. Hence, it was fitting that by successive laws and ordinances he commanded all not to sacrifice to idols, not to busy themselves with divination, not to erect statues, not to perform secret rites, not to pollute 4.25.2 the cities with the bloody murders of gladiators. And to those in Egypt and Alexandria itself who had the custom of worshipping their river through effeminate men, another law was sent down, that the whole race of androgynous men should vanish from life as something counterfeit, and that it should not be permitted for those who were afflicted with this licentiousness to be seen anywhere. 4.25.3 But when the superstitious supposed that the river would no longer flow for them as usual, God, cooperating with the emperor's law, brought about the very opposite of what they expected. For those who defiled the cities with their abomination were no more, but the river, as if the land had been cleansed for it, flowed as never before, and rose with its rich current, inundating all the fields, teaching the foolish by its action that they must turn away from impure men, and ascribe the cause of good things to the Giver of all good alone. 4.26.1 But indeed, ten thousand such things were done by the emperor in each province, and it would be a very great ease for those ambitious to write of them, as also of the laws, which he renewed by changing them from ancient ones to a more pious form. And of these it is easier to set forth the manner in brief. 4.26.2 Ancient laws punished the childless by depriving them of the succession of their relatives, and this was a harsh law against the childless, punishing them with a penalty as if they had done wrong. Having annulled it, he allows the appropriate heirs to inherit. The emperor adapted this to a pious form, saying that those who transgress by intention 4.26.3 must be disciplined with the appropriate punishment. childless persons indeed

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παῖδάς τε αὐτοῦ θεοφιλεῖς ἐπὶ μήκιστον ἡμῖν 4.20.2 "7βίου σῶον καὶ νικητὴν φυλάττεσθαι ποτνιώμεθα."6 τοιαῦτα κατὰ τὴν τοῦ φωτὸς ἡμέραν ἐνομοθέτει πράττειν τὰ στρατιωτικὰ τάγματα, καὶ τοιαύτας ἐδίδασκεν ἐν ταῖς πρὸς θεὸν εὐχαῖς ἀφιέναι φωνάς. 4.21.1 Ἤδη δὲ καὶ ἐπ' αὐτῶν τῶν ὅπλων τὸ τοῦ σωτηρίου τροπαίου σύμβολον κατασημαίνεσθαι ἐποίει, τοῦ τε ἐνόπλου στρατοῦ προπομπεύειν χρυσῶν μὲν ἀγαλμάτων, ὁποῖα πρότερον αὐτοῖς ἔθος ἦν, τὸ μηθέν, μόνον δὲ τὸ σωτήριον τρόπαιον. Αὐτὸς δ' οἷά τις μέτοχος ἱερῶν ὀργίων ἐν ἀπορρήτοις εἴσω τοῖς αὐτοῦ βασιλικοῖς ταμείοις καιροῖς ἑκάστης ἡμέρας τακτοῖς ἑαυτὸν ἐγκλείων, μόνος μόνῳ τῷ αὐτοῦ προσωμίλει θεῷ, ἱκετικαῖς τε δεήσεσι γονυπετῶν κατεδυσώπει ὧν ἐδεῖτο τυχεῖν, ταῖς δὲ τῆς σωτηρίου ἑορτῆς ἡμέραις ἐπιτείνων τὴν ἄσκησιν πάσῃ ῥώμῃ ψυχῆς καὶ σώματος τὰς θείας ἱεροφαντίας ἐτελεῖτο, ὧδε μὲν 4.22.2 ἁγνείᾳ βίου ὅλως ἀνακείμενος, ὧδε δὲ τοῖς πᾶσι τῆς ἑορτῆς ἐξάρχων. τὴν δ' ἱερὰν διανυκτέρευσιν μετέβαλλεν εἰς ἡμερινὰ φῶτα, κηροῦ κίονας ὑψηλοτάτους καθ' ὅλης ἐξαπτόντων τῆς πόλεως τῶν ἐπὶ τούτῳ τεταγμένων, λαμπάδες δ' ἦσαν πυρὸς πάντα φωτίζουσαι τόπον, ὡς λαμπρᾶς ἡμέρας τηλαυγεστέραν τὴν μυστικὴν διανυκτέρευσιν ἀποτελεῖσθαι. διαλαβούσης δὲ τῆς ἕω, τὰς σωτηρίους εὐεργεσίας μιμούμενος πᾶσιν ἔθνεσι λαοῖς τε καὶ δήμοις τὴν εὐεργετικὴν ἐξήπλου δεξιάν, πλούσια πάντα τοῖς πᾶσι δωρούμενος. 4.23.1 Οὕτω μὲν οὖν αὐτὸς τῷ ἑαυτοῦ ἱερᾶτο θεῷ. καθόλου δὲ τοῖς ὑπὸ τῇ Ῥωμαίων ἀρχῇ δήμοις τε καὶ στρατιωτικοῖς πύλαι πάσης ἀπεκλείοντο εἰδωλολατρίας, θυσίας τε τρόπος ἀπηγορεύετο πᾶς. καὶ τοῖς κατ' ἔθνος δ' ἄρχουσιν ὁμοίως τὴν κυριακὴν ἡμέραν νόμος ἐφοίτα γεραίρειν· οἱ δ' αὐτοὶ νεύματι βασιλέως καὶ μαρτύρων ἡμέρας ἐτίμων καιρούς θ' ἑορτῶν ἐκκλησίαις ἐδόξαζον, πάντα τε βασιλεῖ καταθυμίως τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐπράττετο. Ἔνθεν εἰκότως αὐτὸς ἐν ἑστιάσει ποτὲ δεξιούμενος ἐπισκόπους λόγον ἀφῆκεν, ὡς ἄρα καὶ αὐτὸς εἴη ἐπίσκοπος, ὧδέ πη αὐτοῖς εἰπὼν ῥήμασιν ἐφ' ἡμετέραις ἀκοαῖς· "6ἀλλ' ὑμεῖς μὲν τῶν εἴσω τῆς ἐκκλησίας, ἐγὼ δὲ τῶν ἐκτὸς ὑπὸ θεοῦ καθεσταμένος ἐπίσκοπος ἂν εἴην."6 ἀκόλουθα δὲ τῷ λόγῳ διανοούμενος τοὺς ἀρχομένους ἅπαντας ἐπεσκόπει, προὔτρεπέ τε ὅσηπερ ἂν ἡ δύναμις τὸν εὐσεβῆ μεταδιώκειν βίον. Ἔνθεν εἰκότως ἐπαλλήλοις νόμοις τε καὶ διατάξεσι τοῖς πᾶσι διεκελεύετο μὴ θύειν εἰδώλοις, μὴ μαντεῖα περιεργάζεσθαι, μὴ ξοάνων ἐγέρσεις ποιεῖσθαι, μὴ τελετὰς κρυφίους ἐκτελεῖν, μὴ μονομάχων μιαιφονίαις μολύνειν 4.25.2 τὰς πόλεις. τοῖς δὲ κατ' Αἴγυπτον αὐτήν τε τὴν Ἀλεξάνδρειαν τὸν παρ' αὐτοῖς ποταμὸν δι' ἀνδρῶν ἐκτεθηλυμμένων θεραπεύειν ἔθος ἔχουσι νόμος ἄλλος κατεπέμπετο, πᾶν τὸ τῶν ἀνδρογύνων γένος ὥσπερ τι κίβδηλον ἀφανὲς γίγνεσθαι τοῦ βίου, μηδ' ἐξεῖναί ποι ὁρᾶσθαι τοὺς τὴν ἀσέλγειαν ταύτην 4.25.3 νενοσηκότας. ἐπεὶ δ' ὑπέλαβον οἱ δεισιδαίμονες μηκέτι τὸν ποταμὸν ῥεύσειν αὐτοῖς συνήθως, πᾶν τοὐναντίον ἢ προσεδόκησαν θεὸς τῷ βασιλέως συμπράττων νόμῳ κατειργάζετο. οἱ μὲν γὰρ οὐκέτι ἦσαν οἱ τῇ σφῶν βδελυρίᾳ τὰς πόλεις μιαίνοντες, ὁ δὲ ὡσανεὶ καθαρθείσης αὐτῷ τῆς χώρας ἐφέρετο οἷος οὐδέποτε, ἀνέβαινέ τε πλουσίῳ τῷ ῥεύματι πάσας ἐπικλύζων τὰς ἀρούρας, ἔργῳ παιδεύων τοὺς ἄφρονας μιαροὺς μὲν ἐκτρέπεσθαι δεῖν ἄνδρας, μόνῳ δὲ τῷ παντὸς ἀγαθοῦ δοτῆρι τὴν τῶν καλῶν ἀνατιθέναι αἰτίαν. 4.26.1 Ἀλλὰ γὰρ μυρία τοιαῦτα βασιλεῖ πραχθέντα ἐφ' ἑκάστης ἐπαρχίας, πλείστη γένοιτ' ἂν ῥᾳστώνη τοῖς γράφειν αὐτὰ φιλοτιμουμένοις, ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ νόμους, οὓς ἐκ παλαιῶν ἐπὶ τὸ ὁσιώτερον μεταβάλλων ἀνενεοῦτο. καὶ τούτων δ' ἐν ὀλίγῳ ῥᾷον ἐκφῆναι τὸν τρόπον. 4.26.2 Τοὺς ἄπαιδας παλαιοὶ νόμοι στερήσει τῆς τῶν γνωρίμων διαδοχῆς ἐτιμωροῦντο, καὶ ἦν οὗτος κατὰ τῶν ἀτέκνων ἀπηνὴς νόμος, ὡσανεὶ πεπλημμεληκότας αὐτοὺς ζημίᾳ κολάζων. λύσας δὴ συγχωρεῖ κληρονομεῖν τοὺς προσήκοντας. τοῦτο βασιλεὺς ἐπὶ τὸ ὅσιον μεθήρμοζε, τοὺς κατὰ γνώμην 4.26.3 πλημμελοῦντας εἰπὼν τῇ προσηκούσῃ δεῖν σωφρονίζειν κολάσει. ἄπαιδας μὲν