Homily LX.

John x. 14, 15

“I am the Good Shepherd, and know My sheep, and am known of Mine. As the Father knoweth Me, even so know I the Father; and I lay down My life for the sheep.”

[1.] A great matter, beloved, a great matter it is to preside over a Church: a matter needing wisdom and courage as great as that of which Christ speaketh, that a man should lay down his life for the sheep, and never leave them deserted or naked; that he should stand against the wolf nobly. For in this the shepherd differs from the hireling; the one always looks to his own safety, caring not for the sheep; the other always seeks that of the sheep, neglecting his own. Having therefore mentioned the marks of a shepherd, Christ hath put two kinds of spoilers; one, the thief who kills and steals; the other, one who doth not these things, but who when they are done doth not give heed nor hinder them. By the first, pointing to Theudas and those like him; by the second, exposing the teachers of the Jews, who neither cared for nor thought about the sheep entrusted to them. On which account Ezekiel of old rebuked them, and said, “Woe,1604   al. “O.” ye shepherds of Israel! Do the shepherds feed themselves? Do not the shepherds feed the sheep?” ( Ezek. xxxiv. 2 , LXX.) But they did the contrary, which is the worst kind of wickedness, and the cause of all the rest. Wherefore It saith, “They have not turned back the strayed, nor sought the lost, nor bound up the broken, nor healed the sick, because they fed themselves and not the sheep.” ( Ezek. xxxiv. 4.) As Paul also hath declared in another passage, saying, “For all seek their own, not the things which are Jesus Christ’s” ( Philip. ii. 21 ); and again, “Let no man seek his own, but every man his neighbor’s.” ( 1 Cor. x. 24.) From both Christ distinguisheth Himself; from those who came to spoil, by saying, “I am come that they might have life, and that they might have more abundantly” ( ver. 10 ); and from those who cared not for the sheep being carried away by wolves, by never deserting them, but even laying down His life for them, that the sheep might not perish. For when they desired to kill Him, He neither altered His teaching, nor betrayed those who believed on Him, but stood firm, and chose to die. Wherefore He continually said, “I am the good Shepherd.” Then because His words appeared to be unsupported by testimony, (for though the, “I lay down My life,” was not long after proved, yet the, “that they might have life, and that they might have more abundantly,” was to come to pass after their departure hence in the life to come,) what doth He? He proveth one from the other; by giving His mortal life1605   ψυχὴν (He proveth) that He giveth life immortal.1606   ζωὴν As Paul also saith, “If when we were enemies we were reconciled to God by the death of His Son, much more being reconciled we shall be saved.” ( Rom. v. 10.) And again in another place, “He that spared not His own Son, but delivered Him up for us all, how shall He not with Him also freely give us all things?” ( Rom. viii. 32.)

But wherefore do they not now bring against Him the charge which they did before, when they said, “Thou bearest witness of thyself, thy witness is not true?” ( c. viii. 13.) Because He had often stopped their mouths, and because His boldness towards them had been increased by His miracles. Then because He said above “And the sheep hear his voice, and follow him,” lest any should say, “What then is this to those who believe not?” hear what He addeth, “And I know My sheep, and am known of Mine.” As Paul declared when he said, “God hath not rejected His people whom He foreknew” ( Rom. xi. 2 ); and Moses, “The Lord knew those that were His” ( 2 Tim. ii. 19; comp. Num. xvi. 5 ); “those,” He saith, “I mean, whom He1607   Ben. “I.” foreknew.” Then that thou mayest not deem the measure of knowledge to be equal, hear how He setteth the matter right by adding, “I know My sheep, and am known of Mine.” But the knowledge is not equal. “Where is it equal?” In the case of the Father and Me, for there, “As the Father knoweth Me, even so know I the Father.” Had He not wished to prove this, why should He have added that expression? Because He often ranked Himself among the many, therefore, lest any one should deem that He knew as a man knoweth, He added, “As the Father knoweth Me, even so know I the Father.” “I know Him as exactly as He knoweth Me.” Wherefore He said, “No man knoweth the Son1608   “who the Son is,” &c., N.T. save the Father, nor the Father save the Son” ( Luke x. 22 ), speaking of a distinct kind of knowledge, and such as no other can possess.

[2.] “I lay down My life.” This He saith continually, to show that He is no deceiver. So also the Apostle, when he desired to show that he was a genuine teacher, and was arguing against the false apostles, established his authority by his dangers and deaths, saying, “In stripes above measure, in deaths oft.” ( 2 Cor. xi. 23.) For to say, “I am light,” and “I am life,” seemed to the foolish to be a matter of pride; but to say, “I am willing to die,” admitted not any malice or envy. Wherefore they do not say to Him, “Thou bearest witness of thyself, thy witness is not true,” for the speech manifested very tender care for them, if indeed He was willing to give Himself for those who would have stoned Him. On this account also He seasonably introduceth mention of the Gentiles;

Ver. 16. “For other sheep also I have,” He saith, “which are not of this fold, them also must I bring.”

Observe again, the word “must,” here used, doth not express necessity, but is declaratory of something which will certainly come to pass. As though He had said, “Why marvel ye if these shall follow Me, and if My sheep shall hear My voice? When ye shall see others also following Me and hearing My voice, then shall ye be astonished more.” And be not confounded when you hear Him say, “which are not of this fold” ( Gal. v. 6 ), for the difference relateth to the Law only, as also Paul saith, “Neither circumcision availeth anything, nor uncircumcision.”

“Them also must I bring.” He showeth that both these and those were scattered and mixed, and without shepherds, because the good Shepherd had not yet come. Then He proclaimeth beforehand their future union, that,

“They shall be one fold.”1609   “and there shall be one fold, one shepherd,” N.T.

Which same thing also Paul1610   al. “Which Paul also himself.” declared, saying, “For to make in Himself of twain one new man.” ( Eph. ii. 15.)

Ver. 17. “Therefore doth My Father love Me, because I lay down My life, that I might take it again.”

What could be more full of humanity than this saying, if so be that on our account our Lord shall be beloved, because He dieth for us? What then? tell me, was He not beloved during the time before this; did the Father now begin to love Him, and were we the causes of His love? Seest thou how He used condescension? But what doth He here desire to prove? Because they said that He was alien from the Father, and a deceiver, and had come to ruin and destroy He telleth them, “This if nothing else would persuade Me to love you, namely, your being so beloved by the Father, that I also am beloved by Him, because I die for you.” Besides this He desireth also to prove that other point, that He came not to the action unwillingly, (for it unwillingly, how could what was done cause love?) and that this was especially known to the Father. And if He speaketh as a man, marvel not, for we have often mentioned the cause of this, and to say again the same things is superfluous and unpleasant.

“I lay down My life, that I might take it again.”

Ver. 18. “No man taketh it from Me, but I lay it down of Myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again.”

Because they often took counsel to kill Him, He telleth them, “Except I will, your labor is unavailing.” And by the first He proveth the second, by the Death, the Resurrection. For this is the strange and wonderful thing. Since both took place in a new way, and beyond ordinary custom. But let us give heed exactly to what He saith, “I have power to lay down My life.” And who hath not “power to lay down his life”? Since it is in the power of any that will, to kill himself. But He saith it not so, but how? “I have in such a way the power to lay it down, that no one can effect this against My will.” And this is a power not belonging to men; for we have no power to lay it down in any other way than by killing ourselves. And if we fall into the hands of men who plot against us, and have the power to kill us, we no longer are free to lay it down or not, but even against our will they take it from us. Now this was not the case with Christ, but even when others plotted against Him, He had power not to lay it down. Having therefore said that, “No man taketh it from Me,” He addeth, “I have power to lay down My life,” that is, “I alone can decide as to laying it down,” a thing which doth not rest with us,1611   Ben. “you.” for many others also are able to take it from us. Now this He said not at first, (since the assertion would not have seemed credible,) but when He had received the testimony of facts, and when, having often plotted against Him, they had been unable to lay hold on Him, (for He escaped from their hands ten thousand times,) He then saith, “No man taketh it from me.” But if this be true, that other point follows, that He came to death voluntarily. And if this be true, the next point is also certain, that He can “take it again” when He will. For if the dying1612   i.e. as He died. was a greater thing than man could do, doubt no more about the other. Since the fact that He alone was able to let go His life, showeth that He was able by the same power to take it again. Seest thou how from the first He proved the second, and from His death showed that His Resurrection was indisputable?

“This commandment have I received of My Father.”

What commandment was this? To die for the world. Did He then wait first to hear, and then choose, and had He need of learning it? Who that had sense would assert this? But before when He said, “Therefore doth My Father love Me,” He showed that the first motion was voluntary, and removed all suspicion of opposition to the Father; so here when He saith that He received a commandment from the Father, He declared nothing save that, “this which I do seemeth good to Him,” in order that when they should slay Him, they might not think that they had slain Him as one deserted and given up by the Father, nor reproach Him with such reproaches as they did, “He saved others, himself he cannot save”; and, “If thou be the Son of God, come down from the cross” ( Matt. xxvii. 42, 40 ); yet the very reason of His not coming down was, that He was the Son of God.

[3.] Then lest on hearing that, “I have received a command from the Father,” thou shouldest deem that the achievement1613   τὸ κατόρθωμα doth not belong to Him, He hath said preventing the, “The good Shepherd layeth down His life for the sheep”; showing by this that the sheep were His, and that all which took place was His achievement, and that He needed no command. For had He needed a commandment, how could He have said, “I lay it down of Myself”? for He that layeth it down of Himself needeth no commandment. He also assigneth the cause for which He doeth this. And what is that? That He is the Shepherd, and the good Shepherd. Now the good Shepherd needeth no one to arouse him to his duty; and if this be the case with man, much more is it so with God. Wherefore Paul said, that “He emptied Himself.” ( Philip. ii. 7.) So the “commandment” put here means nothing else, but to show His unanimity with the Father; and if He speaketh in so humble and human a way, the cause is the infirmity of His hearers.

Ver. 19. “There was a division therefore1614   “therefore again,” N.T. among the Jews.1615   “the Jews for these sayings,” N.T. And some1616   “many of them,” N.T. said, He hath a devil (and is mad1617   “is mad, why hear ye him?” N.T.). Others said, These are not the words of him that hath a devil: can a devil open the eyes of the blind?”

For because His words were greater than belonged to man, and not of common use, they said that He had a devil, calling Him so now for the fourth time. For they before had said, “Thou hast a devil, who seeketh to kill thee?” ( c. vii. 20 ); and again, “Said we not well that thou art a Samaritan, and hast a devil?” ( c. viii. 48 ); and here, “He hath a devil and is mad, why hear ye him?” Or rather we should say, that He heard this not for the fourth time, but frequently. For to ask, “Said we not well that thou hast a devil?” is a sign that they had said so not twice or thrice, but many times. “Others said, These are not the words of him that hath a devil: can a devil open the eyes of the blind?” For since they could not silence their opponents by words, they now brought proof from His works. “Certainly neither are the words those of one that hath a devil, yet if ye are not persuaded by the words, be ye shamed by the works. For if they are not the acts of one that hath a devil, and are greater than belong to man, it is quite clear that they proceed from some divine power.” Seest thou the argument? That they were greater than belonged to man is plain, from the Jews saying, “He hath a devil”; that He had not a devil, He showed by what He did.

What then did Christ? He answered nothing to these things. Before this He had replied, “I have not a devil”; but not so now; for since He had afforded proof by His actions, He afterwards held His peace. For neither were they worthy of an answer, who said that He was possessed of a devil, on account of those actions for which they ought to have admired and deemed Him to be God. And how were any farther refutations from Him needed, when they opposed and refuted each other? Wherefore He was silent, and bore all mildly. And not for this reason alone, but also to teach us all meekness and long-suffering.

[4.] Let us now imitate Him. For not only did He now hold His peace, but even came among them again,1618   πάλιν ἐπέστη and being questioned answered and showed the things relating to His foreknowledge; and though called “demoniac” and “madman,” by men who had received from Him ten thousand benefits, and that not once or twice but many times, not only did He refrain from avenging Himself, but even ceased not to benefit them. To benefit, do I say? He laid down His life for them, and while being crucified spake in their behalf to His Father. This then let us also imitate, for to be a disciple of Christ, is the being gentle and kind. But whence can this gentleness come to us? If we continually reckon up our sins, if we mourn, if we weep; for neither doth a soul that dwelleth in the company of so much grief endure to be provoked or angered. Since wherever there is mourning, it is impossible that there should be anger; where grief is, all anger is out of the way; where there is brokenness of spirit, there is no provocation. For the mind, when scourged by sorrow, hath not leisure to be roused, but will groan1619   al. “groans.” bitterly, and weep yet more bitterly. I know that many laugh on hearing these things, but I will not cease to lament for the laughers. For the present is a time for mourning, and wailings, and lamentations, since we do many sins both in word and deed, and hell awaiteth those who commit such transgressions, and the river boiling with a roaring stream of fire, and banishment from the Kingdom, which is the most grievous thing of all. When these things then are threatened, tell me, dost thou laugh and bear thee proudly? And when thy Lord is angered and threatening, dost thou stand careless,1620   ἀ ναπεπτωκώς, lit “reclined,” or “despondent.” and fearest thou not lest by this thou light for thyself the furnace to a blaze? Hearest thou not what He crieth out every day? “Ye saw Me1621   “I was,” &c., N.T. an hungered, and gave Me no meat; thirsty, and ye gave Me no drink; depart ye into the fire prepared for the devil and his angels.” ( Matt. xxv.) And these things He threatened every day. “But,” saith some one, “I did give Him meat.” When, and for how many days? Ten or twenty? But He willeth it not merely for so much time as this, but as much as thou spendest upon earth. For the virgins also had oil, yet not sufficient for their salvation; they too lighted their lamps, yet they were shut out from the bridechamber. And with reason, since the lamps had gone out before the coming of the Bridegroom. On this account we need much oil, and abundant lovingkindness. Hear at least what the Prophet saith, “Have mercy upon me, O God, according to Thy great mercy.” ( Ps. li. 1.) We therefore must so take pity upon our neighbor, according to His great mercy towards us. For such as we are towards our fellow-servants, such shall we find our Lord towards ourselves. And what kind of “mercy” is “great”? When we give not of our abundance, but of our deficiency. But if we give not even of our abundance, what hope shall there be for us? Whence shall we have deliverance from those woes? Where shall we be enabled to flee and to find salvation? For if the virgins after so many and so great toils found no comfort anywhere, who shall stand forth for us when we hear those fearful words of the Judge Himself, addressing and reproaching us, because “I was an hungered, and ye gave Me no meat; for inasmuch,” It saith, “as ye did it not unto one of the least of these, ye did it not unto Me”; saying this not merely of His disciples, nor of those who have taken upon themselves the ascetic life, but of every faithful man. For such an one though he be a slave, or one of those that beg in the market-place, yet if he believeth in God, ought by right to enjoy all our good will. And if we neglect such an one when naked or hungry, we shall hear those words. With reason. For what difficult or grievous thing hath He demanded of us? What that is not of the very lightest and easiest? He saith not, “I was sick, and ye restored Me not,” but, “and ye visited Me not.” He saith not, “I was in prison, and ye delivered Me not,” but, “and ye came not unto Me.” In proportion therefore as the commands are easy, so is the punishment greater to them that disobey. For what is easier, tell me, than to walk forth and enter into a prison? And what more pleasant? For when thou seest some bound, others covered with filth, others with uncut hair and clothed in rags, others perishing with hunger, and running like dogs to your feet, others with deep ploughed sides,1622   πλευρὰς διωρυγμένους others now returning in chains from the market-place, who beg all day and do not collect even necessary sustenance, and yet at evening are required by those set over them to furnish that wicked and savage service;1623   λειτουργίαν seems to mean a daily contribution demanded by the keepers out of the sum which prisoners gained by begging. though thou be like any stone, thou wilt certainly be rendered kinder; though thou livest a soft and dissipated life, thou wilt certainly become wiser, when thou observest the nature of human affairs in other men’s misfortunes; for thou wilt surely gain an idea of that fearful day, and of its varied punishments. Revolving and considering these things, thou wilt certainly cast out both wrath and pleasure, and the love of worldly things, and wilt make thy soul more calm than the calmest harbor; and thou wilt reason concerning that Judgment seat, reflecting that if among men there is so much forethought, and order, and terror, and threatenings, much more will there be with God. “For there is no power but from God.” ( Rom. xiii. 1.) He therefore who permitteth rulers to order these things thus, will much more do the same Himself.

[5.] And certainly were there not this fear, all would be lost, when though such punishments hang over them, there are many who go over to the side of wickedness. These things if thou wisely observe, thou wilt be more ready-minded towards alms-doing, and wilt reap much pleasure, far greater than those who come down from the theater. For they when they remove from thence are inflamed and burn with desire. Having seen those women hovering 1624   lit. “winged.” on the stage, and received from them ten thousand wounds, they will be in no better condition than a tossing sea, when the image of the faces, the gestures, the speeches, the walk, and all the rest, stand before their eyes and besiege their soul. But they who come forth from a prison will suffer nothing of this kind, but will enjoy great calm and tranquillity. For the compunction arising from the sight of the prisoners, quenches all that fire. And if a woman that is an harlot and a wanton meet a man coming forth from among the prisoners, she will work him no mischief. For becoming for the time to come, as it were, incapable of molding,1625   ἄ πλαστος, possibly a corrupt form for ἀ πέλαστος. Dr. Heyse conjectures ἄ πλατος, “unapproachable.” he will thus not be taken by the nets of her countenance, because instead of that wanton countenance there will then be placed before his eyes the fear of the Judgment. On this account, he who had gone over every kind of luxury said, “It is better to go into the house of mourning than into the house of mirth.” ( Eccl. vii. 2.) And so “here” thou wilt show forth great wisdom, and “there” wilt hear those words which are worth ten thousand blessings. Let us then not neglect such a practice and occupation. For although we be not able to bring them food, nor to help them by giving money, yet shall we be able to comfort them by our words, and to raise up the drooping spirit, and to help them in many other ways by conversing with those who cast them into prison, and by making their keepers kinder, and we certainly shall effect either small or great good. But if thou sayest that the men there are neither men of condition,1626   εὐδαίμονες nor good, nor gentle, but man-slayers, tomb-breakers, cut-purses, adulterers, intemperate, and full of many wickednesses, by this again thou showest to me a pressing reason for spending time there. For we are not commanded to take pity on the good and to punish the evil, but to manifest this lovingkindness to all men. “Be ye,” It saith, “like to My Father1627   “That ye may be the children of,” &c., N.T. which is in heaven, for He maketh His sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust.” ( Matt. v. 45.) Do not then accuse other men’s faults bitterly, nor be a severe judge, but mild and merciful. For we also, if we have not been adulterers, or tomb-breakers, or cut-purses, yet have we other transgressions which deserve infinite punishment. Perchance we have called our brother “fool,” which prepares1628   προξενεῖ for us the pit; we have looked on women with unchastened eyes, which constitutes absolute adultery; and what is more1629   al. “most.” grievous than all, we partake not worthily of the Mysteries, which maketh us guilty of the Body and Blood of Christ. Let us then not be bitter enquirers into the conduct of others, but consider our own state, so shall we desist from this inhumanity and cruelty. Besides this, it may be said that we shall there find many good men, and often men worth as much as all the city. Since even that prison-house in which Joseph was had in it many evil men, yet that just man had the care of them all, and was, with the rest, concealed as to his real character; for he was worth as much as all the land of Egypt, yet still he dwelt in the prison-house, and no one knew him of those that were within it. Thus also even now it is likely that there are1630   i.e. “in prison.” many good and virtuous men, though they be not visible to all men, and the care thou takest of such as these gives thee a return for thy exertions in favor of the whole. Or if there be none such, still even in this case great is thy recompense; for thy Lord conversed not with the just only, while He avoided the unclean, but received with kindness both the Canaanitish woman, and her of Samaria, the abominable and impure; another also who was a harlot, on whose account the Jews reproached Him, He both received and healed, and allowed His feet to be washed by the tears of the polluted one, teaching us to condescend to those that are in sin, for this most of all is kindness. What sayest thou? Do robbers and tomb-breakers dwell in the prison? And, tell me, are all they just men that dwell in the city? Nay, are there not many worse even than these, robbing with greater shamelessness? For the one sort, if there be no other excuse for them, at least put before themselves the veil of solitude and darkness, and the doing these things clandestinely; but the others throw away the mask and go after their wickedness with uncovered head, being violent, grasping, and covetous. Hard it is to find a man pure from injustice.

[6.] If we do not take by violence gold, or such and such a number of acres of land, yet we bring about the same end by deceit and robbery in lesser matters, and where we are able to do so. For when in making contracts, or when we must buy or sell anything, we dispute and strive to pay less than the value, and use our utmost endeavors to have it so, is not the action robbery? Is it not theft and covetousness? Tell not me that thou hast not wrested away houses or slaves, for injustice is judged not by the measure of the things taken, but by the intention of those who commit the robbery. Since “just” and “unjust” have the same force in great and in little things; and I call cut-purses alike the man who cuts through a purse and takes the gold, and him who buying from any of the market people deducts something from the proper price; nor is he the only house-breaker who breaks through a wall and steals anything within, but that man also who corrupts justice, and takes anything from his neighbor.

Let us not then pass by our own faults, and become judges of other men’s; nor let us, when it is time for lovingkindness, be searching out their wickedness; but considering what our own state was once, let us now be gentle and kind. What then was our state? Hear Paul say; “For we ourselves also were sometime foolish, disobedient, deceived, serving divers lusts and pleasures, hateful, and hating one another” ( Tit. iii. 3 ); and again, “We were by nature children of wrath.” ( Eph. ii. 3.) But God seeing us as it were confined in a prison-house, and bound with grievous chains, far more grievous than those of iron, was not ashamed of us, but came and entered the prison, and, though we deserved ten thousand punishments, both brought us out from hence, and brought us to a kingdom, and made us more glorious than the heaven, that we also might do the same according to our power. For when He saith to His disciples, “If I, your Lord and Master, have washed your feet, ye also ought to wash one another’s feet; for I have given you an example, that ye should do as I have done to you” ( c. xiii. 14 ), He writeth this law not merely for the washing the feet, but also in all the other acts which He manifested towards us. Is it a manslayer who inhabits the prison? Yet let not us be weary in doing Him good. Is it a tomb-breaker, or an adulterer? Let us pity not his wickedness, but his calamity. But often, as I before said, one will be found there worth ten thousand; and if thou goest continually to the prisoners, thou shalt not miss so great a prize. For as Abraham, by entertaining even common guests, once met with Angels, so shall we meet with great men too, if we make the action a business. And if I may make a strange assertion, he who entertains a great man is not so worthy of praise as he who receives the wretched and miserable. For the former hath, in his own life, no slight occasion of being well treated, but the other, rejected and given up by all, hath one only harbor, the pity of his benefactor; so that this most of all is pure kindness. He, moreover, who shows attention to an admired and illustrious man, doth it often for ostentation among men, but he who tends the abject and despairing, doth it only because of the command of God. Wherefore, if we make a feast, we are bidden to entertain the lame and halt, and if we do works of mercy, we are bidden to do them to the least and meanest. “For,” It saith, “inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these, ye have done it unto Me.” ( Matt. xxv. 45.) Knowing, therefore, the treasure which is laid up in that place,1631   i.e. the prison. let us enter continually, and make it our business, and turn1632   al. “feed,” al. “bury.” there our eager feelings about theaters. If thou hast nothing to contribute, contribute the comfort of thy words. For God recompenseth not only him that feedeth, but him also who goeth in. When thou enterest and arouseth the trembling and fearful soul, exhorting, succoring, promising assistance, teaching it true wisdom, thou shalt thence reap no small reward. For if thou shouldest speak in such manner outside the prison, many will even laugh, being dissipated 1633   διακεχυμένοι by their excessive luxury: but those who are in adversity, having their minds humbled, shall meekly attend to thy words, and praise them, and become better men. Since even when Paul preached, the Jews often derided him, but the prisoners listened with much stillness. For nothing renders the soul so fit for heavenly wisdom as calamity and temptation, and the pressure of affliction. Considering all these things, and how much good we shall work both to those within the prison, and to ourselves, by being continually mixed1634   al. “we mix.” up with them, let us there spend the time we used to spend in the market-place, and in unseasonable occupations, that we may both win them and gladden ourselves, and by causing God to be glorified, may obtain the everlasting blessings, through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom and with whom, to the Father and the Holy Ghost, be glory for ever and ever. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Ξʹ. Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλὸς, καὶ γινώσκω τὰ ἐμὰ, καὶ γινώσκομαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν. Καθὼς γινώ σκει με ὁ Πατὴρ, κἀγὼ γινώσκω τὸν Πατέρα, καὶ τὴν ψυχήν μου τίθημι ὑπὲρ τῶν προβάτων. αʹ. Μέγα, ἀγαπητοὶ, μέγα Ἐκκλησίας προστασία, καὶ πολλῆς δεόμενον φιλοσοφίας, καὶ ἀνδρείας τοσαύτης, ὅσης ὁ Χριστὸς εἶπεν, ὥστε τὴν ψυχὴν ὑπὲρ τῶν προβάτων θεῖναι, ὥστε μηδέποτε ἐγκαταλιπεῖν αὐτὰ ἔρημα καὶ γυμνὰ, ὥστε πρὸς τὸν λύκον ἵστασθαι γενναίως. Τούτῳ γὰρ ὁ ποιμὴν τοῦ μισθωτοῦ διέστηκεν. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ τὴν ἰδίαν σωτηρίαν πανταχοῦ σκοπεῖ, τῶν προβάτων ἀμελῶν: οὗτος δὲ πανταχοῦ τὴν τῶν προβάτων ἐπιζητεῖ, τὴν ἑαυτοῦ παρατρέχων. Εἰπὼν τοίνυν τοῦ ποιμένος τὰ δείγματα, δύο τίθησι τοὺς λυμεῶνας: ἕνα τὸν κλέπτην τὸν θύοντα καὶ ἁρπάζοντα: ἕτερον δὲ τὸν τούτων μὲν οὐδὲν ποιοῦντα, γινομένων δὲ τούτων οὐκ ἐπιστρεφόμενον, οὐδὲ κωλύοντα: δι' ἐκείνων μὲν τοὺς περὶ Θευδᾶν αἰνιττόμενος, διὰ τούτων δὲ τοὺς Ἰουδαίων διδασκάλους ἐκπομπεύων, οὐ κηδομένους οὐδὲ φροντίζοντας τῶν ἐμπεπιστευμένων αὐτοῖς προβάτων. Ὅπερ οὖν καὶ ὁ Ἰεζεκιὴλ ἄνωθεν ἐγκαλῶν αὐτοῖς ἔλεγεν: Ὢ οἱ ποιμένες Ἰσραήλ: μὴ βόσκουσιν ἑαυτοὺς οἱ ποιμένες; οὐχὶ τὰ πρόβατα βόσκουσιν οἱ ποιμένες; Ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνοι τοὐναντίον ἐποίουν, ὅπερ μέγιστόν ἐστιν εἶδος κακίας, καὶ τῶν ἄλλων αἴτιον πάντων. Διὰ τοῦτο γάρ φησιν: οὔτε τὸ πεπλανημένον ἐπέστρεφον, οὐδὲ τὸ ἀπολωλὸς ἐζήτουν, οὐδὲ τὸ συντετριμμένον ἐδέσμουν, οὐδὲ τὸ ἀῤῥωστοῦν ἐθεράπευον, ἐπειδὴ ἑαυτοὺς, καὶ οὐ τὰ πρόβατα, ἔβοσκον. Ὅπερ καὶ ὁ Παῦλος ἑτέρῳ ῥήματι πάλιν ἐδήλου λέγων: Οἱ γὰρ πάντες τὰ ἑαυτῶν ζητοῦσιν, οὐ τὰ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ: καὶ πάλιν, Μηδεὶς τὸ ἑαυτοῦ ζητείτω, ἀλλὰ τὸ τοῦ πλησίον ἕκαστος. Ἀλλ' ἀμφοτέρων ἑαυτὸν διίστησιν ὁ Χριστός: ἐκείνων μὲν τῶν ἐπὶ λύμῃ παραγενομένων, τῷ εἰπεῖν, Διὰ τοῦτο ἦλθον, ἵνα ζωὴν ἔχωσι, καὶ περισσὸν ἔχωσι: τούτων δὲ τῶν περιορώντων ὑπὸ τῶν λύκων ἁρπαζόμενα τὰ πρόβατα, τῷ μὴ καταλιπεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ θεῖναι ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν, ὥστε μὴ τὰ πρόβατα ἀποθανεῖν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ αὐτὸν ἐβουλεύοντο ἀνελεῖν, οὔτε τῆς διδασκαλίας μετέθετο, οὔτε τοὺς πιστεύοντας προὔδωκεν, ἀλλ' ἔστη, καὶ εἵλετο ἀποθανεῖν. Διὰ τοῦτο ἄνω καὶ κάτω ἔλεγεν: Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός. Εἶτα ἐπειδὴ ἀμάρτυρα ἐδόκει τὰ λεγόμενα εἶναι (τὸ μὲν γὰρ, Τὴν ψυχήν μου τίθημι, οὐ μετὰ πολὺ τὴν ἀπόδειξιν ἔλαβε: τὸ δὲ, Ἵνα ζωὴν ἔχωσι, καὶ περισσὸν ἔχωσι, μετὰ τὴν ἐντεῦθεν ἔμελλεν ἀποδημίαν συμβήσεσθαι, κατὰ τὸν αἰῶνα τὸν μέλλοντα), τί ποιεῖ; Θάτερον ἀπὸ θατέρου. πιστοῦται, ἀπὸ τοῦ δοῦναι τὴν ψυχὴν, ὅτι καὶ τὴν ζωὴν δίδωσιν. Ὅπερ καὶ ὁ Παῦλος ἔλεγεν, ὅτι Εἰ ἐχθροὶ ὄντες κατηλλάγημεν τῷ Θεῷ διὰ τοῦ θανάτου τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ, πολλῷ μᾶλλον καταλλαγέντες σωθησόμεθα. Καὶ πάλιν ἀλλαχοῦ: Ὅς γε τοῦ ἰδίου Υἱοῦ οὐκ ἐφείσατο, ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν πάντων παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν, πῶς οὐχὶ σὺν αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα ἡμῖν χαριεῖται; Ἀλλὰ τίνος ἕνεκεν οὐκ ἐγκαλοῦσιν αὐτῷ νῦν, ἃ καὶ πρότερον, λέγοντες: Σὺ περὶ σεαυτοῦ μαρτυρεῖς, ἡ μαρτυρία σου οὐκ ἔστιν ἀληθής; Ὅτι πολλάκις ἐπεστόμισεν αὐτοὺς, καὶ πλείων ἡ παῤῥησία πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν σημείων ἐγένετο. Εἶτα, ἐπειδὴ εἶπεν ἀνωτέρω, Καὶ τὰ πρόβατα τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ἀκούει, καὶ ἀκολουθεῖ αὐτῷ, ἵνα μή τις εἴπῃ: Τί οὖν πρὸς τοὺς μὴ πιστεύσαντας; ἄκουσον τί ἐπήγαγε: Καὶ γινώσκω τὰ ἐμὰ, καὶ γινώσκομαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν. Ὅπερ καὶ ὁ Παῦλος δηλῶν, ἔλεγεν: Οὐκ ἀπώσατο ὁ Θεὸς τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ὃν προέγνω: καὶ ὁ Μωϋσῆς, Ἔγνω Κύριος τοὺς ὄντας αὐτοῦ: ἐκείνους λέγω, φησὶν, οὓς προέγνων. Εἶτα, ἵνα μὴ τῆς γνώσεως ἴσον τὸ μέτρον νομίσῃς, ἄκουσον πῶς διορθοῦται αὐτὸ τῇ ἐπαγωγῇ: Γινώσκω τὰ ἐμὰ, φησὶ, καὶ γινώσκομαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἴση ἡ γνῶσις: ἀλλὰ ποῦ ἴση; Ἐπὶ τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ ἐμοῦ. Ἐκεῖ γὰρ, Καθὼς γινώσκει με ὁ Πατὴρ, κἀγὼ γινώσκω τὸν Πατέρα. Ἐπεὶ εἰ μὴ τοῦτο ἐβούλετο κατασκευάσαι, τίνος ἕνεκεν αὐτὸ ἐπήγαγεν; Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πολλαχοῦ ἑαυτὸν τίθησιν ἐν τάξει τῶν πολλῶν, ἵνα μή τις νομίσῃ ὅτι ὡς ἄνθρωπος οὕτως ἐγίνωσκεν, ἐπήγαγε: Καθὼς γινώσκει με ὁ Πατὴρ, κἀγὼ γινώσκω τὸν Πατέρα. Οὕτως ἀκριβῶς αὐτὸν ἐπίσταμαι, ὡς αὐτὸς ἐμέ. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἔλεγεν: Οὐδεὶς γινώσκει τὸν Υἱὸν, εἰ μὴ ὁ Πατὴρ, καὶ τὸν Πατέρα, εἰ μὴ ὁ Υἱὸς, κεχωρισμένην τινὰ γνῶσιν λέγων, καὶ τοιαύτην, οἵαν οὐδεὶς ἕτερος δύναται σχεῖν. Ἐγὼ τίθημι τὴν ψυχήν μου. Συνεχῶς τοῦτο λέγει, δηλῶν ὅτι οὐκ ἔστι πλάνος. Ἐπεὶ καὶ ὁ Ἀπόστολος, ὅτε αὐτὸν ἐβούλετο δεῖξαι γνήσιον ὄντα διδάσκαλον, καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ψευδαποστόλους ἀντιπαρεξήγαγε τὸν λόγον, ἀπὸ τῶν κινδύνων καὶ τῶν θανάτων ἑαυτὸν συνίστησι λέγων: Ἐν πληγαῖς ὑπερβαλλόντως, ἐν θανάτοις πολλάκις. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ λέγειν, ὅτι Φῶς εἰμι, καὶ, Ζωή εἰμι, ἐδόκει εἶναι τύφου παρὰ τοῖς ἀνοήτοις: τὸ δὲ λέγειν, Ἀποθανεῖν βούλομαι, οὐδεμίαν βασκανίαν εἶχεν, οὐδὲ φθόνον. Διὰ τοῦτο οὐδὲ λέγουσιν αὐτῷ: Σὺ μαρτυρεῖς περὶ σεαυτοῦ: ἡ μαρτυρία σου οὐκ ἔστιν ἀληθής. Πολλὴν γὰρ ἐδείκνυ τὸ ῥῆμα κηδεμονίαν, εἴ γε ὑπὲρ τῶν λιθαζόντων ἐβούλετο ἑαυτὸν ἐκδοῦναι. βʹ. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ εὐκαίρως τὸν περὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν εἰσάγει λόγον. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἄλλα πρόβατα ἔχω, φησὶν, ἃ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τῆς αὐλῆς ταύτης: κἀκεῖνά με δεῖ ἀγαγεῖν. Ἰδοὺ πάλιν τὸ, Δεῖ, ῥῆμα κείμενον, οὐκ ἀνάγκης ἐστὶν, ἀλλὰ τοῦ πάντως ἐσομένου δηλωτικόν: ὡσανεὶ ἔλεγε: Τί θαυμάζετε, εἰ οὗτοί μοι μέλλουσιν ἕπεσθαι, καὶ τὰ πρόβατα τῆς φωνῆς μου ἀκούειν; Ὅταν γὰρ καὶ ἄλλα ἴδητέ μοι ἀκολουθοῦντα, καὶ τῆς φωνῆς μου ἀκούοντα, τότε ἐκπλαγήσεσθε μειζόνως. Εἰ δὲ λέγει, Ἃ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τῆς αὐλῆς ταύτης, μὴ θορυβηθῇς. Ἡ γὰρ διαφορὰ περὶ τὸν νόμον μόνον, καθάπερ καὶ ὁ Παῦλός φησιν: Οὔτε περιτομή τι ἰσχύει, οὔτε ἀκροβυστία. Κἀκεῖνά με δεῖ ἀγαγεῖν. Δείκνυσιν ἀμφοτέρους ἐσκορπισμένους καὶ μεμιγμένους καὶ ποιμένας οὐκ ἔχοντας, κἀκείνους καὶ τούτους, οὔπω τοῦ καλοῦ παραγενομένου ποιμένος. Εἶτα καὶ τὴν μέλλουσαν αὐτῶν προαναφωνεῖ συνάφειαν, ὅτι Ἔσονται μία ποίμνη. Ὅπερ καὶ αὐτὸ πάλιν ὁ Παῦλος ἐδήλωσεν εἰπών: Ἵνα τοὺς δύο κτίσῃ ἐν ἑαυτῷ εἰς ἕνα καινὸν ἄνθρωπον. Διὰ τοῦτό με ἀγαπᾷ ὁ Πατὴρ, ὅτι ἐγὼ τὴν ψυχήν μου τίθημι, ἵνα πάλιν λάβω αὐτήν. Καὶ τί τοῦ ῥήματος τούτου ταπεινότερον γένοιτ' ἂν, εἴ γε δι' ἡμᾶς ὁ Δεσπότης ἀγαπᾶσθαι μέλλει ὁ ἡμέτερος, ἐπειδὴ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἀποθνήσκει; Τί οὖν, εἰπέ μοι; τὸν ἔμπροσθεν χρόνον οὐκ ἠγαπᾶτο, ἀλλὰ νῦν τῆς ἀγάπης ἤρξατο ὁ Πατὴρ, καὶ ἡμεῖς γεγόναμεν τῆς ἀγάπης αὐτῷ αἴτιοι; Ὁρᾷς πῶς κέχρηται τῇ συγκαταβάσει; Τί οὖν ἐνταῦθα κατασκευάσαι βούλεται; Ἐπειδὴ ἀλλότριον αὐτὸν ἔλεγον τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ πλάνον, καὶ ἐπὶ λύμῃ ἥκειν αὐτὸν καὶ ἀπωλείᾳ, λέγει: Καὶ εἰ μηδὲν ἄλλο, τοῦτο γοῦν με ἔπειθεν ἀγαπᾷν ὑμᾶς, τὸ οὕτω ὑμᾶς ἀγαπᾶσθαι παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς ὡς ἐμέ: καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἀγαπᾶσθαι παρ' αὐτοῦ, ἐπειδὴ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἀποθνήσκω. Καὶ μετὰ τούτου δὲ καὶ ἐκεῖνο κατασκευάσαι βούλεται, ὅτι τε οὐκ ἄκων ἐπὶ τὸ πρᾶγμα ἔρχεται (εἰ γὰρ ἄκων, πῶς ἀγάπης ἦν ποιητικὸν τὸ γινόμενον;), καὶ ὅτι καὶ τῷ Πατρὶ μεθ' ὑπερβολῆς τοῦτο δοκεῖ. Εἰ δὲ ὡς ἄνθρωπος τοῦτο διαλέγεται, μὴ θαυμάσῃς: πολλάκις γὰρ τὴν ὑπὲρ τούτων εἰρήκαμεν αἰτίαν, καὶ πάλιν τὰ αὐτὰ λέγειν περιττὸν καὶ ἐπαχθές. Ἐγὼ τίθημι τὴν ψυχήν μου, ἵνα πάλιν λάβω αὐτήν: καὶ οὐδεὶς αἴρει αὐτὴν ἀπ' ἐμοῦ. Ἐγὼ τίθημι αὐτὴν ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ. Ἐξουσίαν ἔχω θεῖναι τὴν ψυχήν μου, καὶ ἐξουσίαν ἔχω λαβεῖν αὐτήν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πολλάκις ἐβουλεύοντο αὐτὸν ἀνελεῖν, λέγει, ὅτι Μὴ βουλομένου ἐμοῦ, ἀνόνητος ὑμῖν ἐστιν ὁ πόνος: καὶ ἐκ τοῦ προτέρου τὸ δεύτερον κατασκευάζει, ἀπὸ τοῦ θανάτου τὴν ἀνάστασιν. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ θαυμαστὸν καὶ παράδοξον. Καὶ γὰρ ἀμφότερα καινῶς γέγονε, καὶ ὑπὲρ τὴν κοινὴν συνήθειαν. Προσέχωμεν δὲ μετὰ ἀκριβείας τῷ λεγομένῳ: Ἐξουσίαν ἔχω θεῖναι, φησὶ, τὴν ψυχήν μου. Καὶ τίς οὐκ ἔχει ἐξουσίαν θεῖναι τὴν ψυχὴν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ; Ἑκάστῳ γὰρ βουλομένῳ δυνατὸν ἑαυτὸν ἀνελεῖν. Ἀλλ' οὐχ οὕτω φησίν: ἀλλὰ πῶς; Οὕτως ἐξουσίαν ἔχω θεῖναι, ὡς μηδένα δυνηθῆναι ἄκοντος ἐμοῦ τοῦτο ποιῆσαι: ὅπερ ἐπὶ ἀνθρώπων οὐκ ἔνι. Ἡμεῖς γὰρ οὐκ ἔχομεν ἐξουσίαν ἄλλως θεῖναι, ἀλλ' ἀναιροῦντες ἑαυτούς. Εἰ δὲ ἐμπίπτοιμεν εἰς ἐπιβουλεύοντάς τινας καὶ κυρίους ἀνελεῖν, οὐκ ἔτι ἔχομεν ἐξουσίαν τοῦ θεῖναι καὶ μὴ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀκόντων ἡμῶν ἐκεῖνοι αὐτὴν ἀναιροῦσιν. Ἐπ' αὐτοῦ δὲ οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἑτέρων ἐπιβουλευόντων κύριος ἦν αὐτὸς μὴ θεῖναι αὐτήν. Εἰπὼν οὖν, ὅτι Οὐδεὶς αὐτὴν αἴρει ἀπ' ἐμοῦ, τότε ἐπήγαγεν: Ἐξουσίαν ἔχω θεῖναι τὴν ψυχήν μου: τουτέστιν, Ἐγὼ μόνος εἰμὶ κύριος τοῦ θεῖναι αὐτήν: ὅπερ ἐφ' ὑμῶν οὐκ ἔστι. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἄλλοι πολλοὶ κύριοί εἰσι τοῦ λαβεῖν αὐτὴν ἀφ' ἡμῶν. Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο παρὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν οὐκ εἶπεν: οὐδὲ γὰρ ἔμελλεν ὁ λόγος ἀξιόπιστος εἶναι: ἀλλ' ὅτε τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν πραγμάτων ἔλαβε μαρτυρίαν, καὶ πολλάκις ἐπιβουλεύσαντες οὐκ ἴσχυσαν αὐτὸν κατασχεῖν (καὶ γὰρ ἐξῆλθεν ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν μυριάκις): τότε λοιπόν φησιν, Οὐδεὶς αὐτὴν αἴρει ἀπ' ἐμοῦ. Εἰ δὲ τοῦτο ἀληθὲς, κἀκεῖνο ἕπεται, τὸ ἑκόντα ἐπὶ τοῦτο ἔρχεσθαι. Τούτου δὲ ὄντος ἀληθοῦς, κἀκεῖνο συνέστηκε, τὸ ἡνίκα ἂν βουληθῇ λαβεῖν αὐτὴν, δυνηθῆναι πάλιν. Εἰ γὰρ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν μεῖζον ἢ κατὰ ἄνθρωπον ἦν, μηδὲ περὶ ἐκείνου λοιπὸν ἀμφίβαλλε. Τὸ γὰρ αὐτὸν μόνον εἶναι κύριον τοῦ τὴν ψυχὴν ἀφεῖναι, δείκνυσι καὶ τοῦ λαβεῖν αὐτὴν κύριον ὄντα ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτῆς ἐξουσίας. Ὁρᾷς πῶς ἀπὸ τοῦ προτέρου τὸ δεύτερον κατεσκεύασε, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ θανάτου καὶ τὴν ἀνάστασιν ἔδειξεν ἀναμφισβήτητον; Ταύτην τὴν ἐντολὴν ἔλαβον παρὰ τοῦ Πατρός. Ποίαν δὴ ταύτην; Τὸ ἀποθανεῖν ὑπὲρ τοῦ κόσμου. Ἆρ' οὖν ἀνέμεινεν ἀκοῦσαι πρότερον, καὶ τότε εἵλετο, καὶ ἐδέησεν αὐτὸ μαθεῖν; Καὶ τίς ἂν τοῦτο νοῦν ἔχων εἴποι; Ἀλλ' ὥσπερ ἀνωτέρω εἰπὼν, Διὰ τοῦτό με ὁ Πατὴρ ἀγαπᾷ, τὴν ἑκούσιον ἐδήλωσεν ὁρμὴν, καὶ τὴν τῆς ἐναντιότητος ἀνεῖλεν ὑπόνοιαν: οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἐντολὴν εἰληφέναι παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς εἰπὼν, οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἐμφαίνει, ἢ ὅτι Ἐκείνῳ δοκεῖ τοῦτο, ὃ ἐγὼ ποιῶ: ἵν' ὅταν αὐτὸν ἀνέλωσι, μὴ νομίσωσιν ὡς ἐγκαταλελειμμένον καὶ προδιδόμενον ὑπὸ τοῦ Πατρὸς ἀνῃρηκέναι, μηδὲ ὀνειδίσωσιν ἅπερ ὠνείδισαν: Ἄλλους ἔσωσεν, ἑαυτὸν οὐ δύναται σῶσαι: καὶ, Εἰ Υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, κατάβηθι ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ. Καὶ μὴν διὰ τοῦτο οὐ καταβαίνει, ἐπειδὴ Υἱός ἐστι τοῦ Θεοῦ. γʹ. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ ἀκούων, ὅτι Ἐντολὴν ἔλαβον παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς, ἀλλότριον αὐτοῦ τὸ κατόρθωμα εἶναι νομίσῃς, προλαβὼν ἔλεγεν: Ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλὸς τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ τίθησιν ὑπὲρ τῶν προβάτων: διὰ τούτων δεικνὺς αὐτοῦ ὄντα τὰ πρόβατα, καὶ ὅτι αὐτοῦ τὸ κατόρθωμα ἦν πᾶν τὸ γεγενημένον, καὶ οὐ δεόμενον αὐτὸν ἐντολῆς. Εἰ γὰρ ἐντολῆς ἐδεῖτο, πῶς ἔλεγεν: Ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ τίθημι; Ὁ γὰρ ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ τιθεὶς οὐ δέεται ἐντολῆς. Καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν δὲ τίθησι, δι' ἣν τοῦτο ποιεῖ. Ποία δὲ αὕτη ἐστί; Τὸ ποιμένα αὐτὸν εἶναι, καὶ καλὸν ποιμένα. Ὁ δὲ καλὸς ποιμὴν οὐ δεῖται ἑτέρου τοῦ πρὸς τοῦτο αὐτὸν διαναστήσοντος. Εἰ δὲ ἐπ' ἀνθρώπων τοῦτο, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ Θεοῦ. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Παῦλος ἔλεγεν, ὅτι Ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσεν. Οὐδὲν οὖν ἄλλο ἡ ἐντολὴ ἐνταῦθα βούλεται κειμένη, ἀλλ' ἢ τὴν πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα ὁμόνοιαν δεῖξαι. Εἰ δὲ οὕτω ταπεινῶς εἴρηται καὶ ἀνθρωπίνως, τῆς τῶν ἀκουόντων ἐστὶν ἀσθενείας ἡ αἰτία. Σχίσμα οὖν ἐγένετο ἐν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις. Καὶ οἱ μὲν ἔλεγον, ὅτι δαιμόνιον ἔχει καὶ μαίνεται. Τί αὐτοῦ ἀκούετε; Οἱ δὲ, ὅτι Τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα οὐκ ἔστι δαιμονιζομένου. Μὴ δαιμόνιον δύναται ὀφθαλμοὺς τυφλῶν ἀνοῖξαι; Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ μείζονα ἢ κατὰ ἄνθρωπον τὰ λεγόμενα, καὶ οὐ τῆς κοινῆς συνηθείας, δαιμονῶντα αὐτὸν ἔλεγον, τέταρτον ἤδη τούτῳ αὐτὸν προσειπόντες (καὶ γὰρ ἔμπροσθεν ἔλεγον: Δαιμόνιον ἔχεις, τίς σε ζητεῖ ἀποκτεῖναι; καὶ πάλιν: Οὐ καλῶς ἐλέγομεν, ὅτι Σαμαρείτης εἶ σὺ, καὶ δαιμόνιον ἔχεις; καὶ ἐνταῦθα: Δαιμόνιον ἔχει καὶ μαίνεται: τί αὐτοῦ ἀκούετε;): μᾶλλον δὲ οὐ τέταρτον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλάκις αὐτὸν ἀκηκοέναι. Τὸ γὰρ λέγειν, Οὐ καλῶς ἐλέγομεν ὅτι δαιμόνιον ἔχεις; οὐ τοῦ δεύτερον καὶ τρίτον, ἀλλὰ τοῦ πολλάκις εἰρηκέναι τοῦτο, σημεῖόν ἐστι. Οἱ δὲ ἔλεγον, φησίν: Ταῦτα τὰ ῥήματα οὐκ ἔστι δαιμονιζομένου. Μὴ δαιμόνιον δύναται ὀφθαλμοὺς τυφλῶν ἀνοῖξαι; Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀπὸ ῥημάτων οὐκ ἠδύναντο ἐπιστομίζειν, τὴν ἀπόδειξιν λοιπὸν ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων ἐποιοῦντο. Μάλιστα μὲν γὰρ οὐδὲ τὰ ῥήματα δαιμονῶντός ἐστιν: εἰ δὲ οὐ πείθεσθε ἀπὸ τῶν ῥημάτων, ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων δυσωπήθητε. Εἰ δὲ μὴ δαιμονῶντός ἐστι, μείζονα δὲ ἢ κατὰ ἄνθρωπον, εὔδηλον ὅτι θείας τινὸς ταῦτά ἐστι δυνάμεως. Εἶδες συλλογισμόν; Ὅτι γὰρ μείζονα ἢ κατὰ ἄνθρωπον ἦν, δῆλον ἐκ τοῦ λέγειν, ὅτι Δαιμόνιον ἔχει: ὅτι δὲ δαιμόνιον οὐκ εἶχεν, ἐδήλωσεν ἀφ' ὧν ἐποίησε. Τί οὖν ὁ Χριστός; Οὐδὲν πρὸς ταῦτα ἀποκρίνεται. Πρότερον μὲν γὰρ ἀπεκρίνατο, Ἐγὼ δαιμόνιον οὐκ ἔχω: νυνὶ δὲ οὐ τοῦτο. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τὴν διὰ τῶν πραγμάτων παρέσχεν ἀπόδειξιν, ἐσίγα λοιπόν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀποκρίσεως ἦσαν ἄξιοι οἱ δαιμονῶντα αὐτὸν καλοῦντες ὑπὲρ τούτων, ὑπὲρ ὧν θαυμάζειν, καὶ Θεὸν ἡγεῖσθαι αὐτὸν ἐχρῆν. Τί δὲ καὶ ἔδει τῶν παρ' αὐτοῦ λοιπὸν ἐλέγχων, αὐτῶν κατ' ἀλλήλων ἱσταμένων καὶ διελεγχόντων ἀλλήλους; Διὰ τοῦτο ἐσίγα καὶ πράως πάντα ἔφερεν. Οὐ διὰ τοῦτο δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡμᾶς παιδεύων ἐπιείκειαν καὶ μακροθυμίαν πᾶσαν. δʹ. Τοῦτον τοίνυν ζηλώσωμεν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐσίγησε μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάλιν ἐπέστη, καὶ ἐρωτηθεὶς ἀποκρίνεται, καὶ τὰ τῆς προνοίας αὐτοῦ ἐπιδείκνυται: καὶ δαιμονῶν κληθεὶς καὶ μαινόμενος, παρὰ ἀνθρώπων μυρία εὐηργετημένων, καὶ οὐχ ἅπαξ οὐδὲ δὶς, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλάκις, οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἠμύνατο, ἀλλὰ καὶ εὐεργετῶν αὐτοὺς οὐ διέλιπε. Καὶ τί λέγω εὐεργετῶν; Ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἔθηκε, καὶ σταυρούμενος ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν τῷ Πατρὶ διαλέγεται. Ταῦτ' οὖν καὶ ἡμεῖς μιμησώμεθα. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι Χριστοῦ εἶναι μαθητὴν, τὸ πρᾶον εἶναι καὶ ἐπιεικῆ. Πόθεν δὲ γένοιτ' ἂν ἡμῖν αὕτη ἡ πραότης; Ἂν τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν λογιζώμεθα συνεχῶς, ἂν πενθῶμεν, ἂν δακρύωμεν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀνέχεται ψυχὴ τοσαύτῃ συνοικοῦσα ὀδύνῃ παροξύνεσθαι καὶ ὀργίζεσθαι. Ἔνθα γὰρ ἂν ᾖ πένθος, ὀργὴν εἶναι ἀμήχανον: ἔνθα λύπη, πᾶσα ἐκποδὼν ὀργή: ἔνθα συντριβὴ διανοίας, οὐδεὶς παροξυσμός. Ὑπὸ γὰρ πένθους μαστιζομένη ἡ διάνοια οὐδὲ σχολὴν ἔχει διεγερθῆναι: ἀλλὰ στενάζει πικρὸν, καὶ κλαύσεται πικρότερον. Καὶ οἶδα μὲν, ὅτι πολλοὶ γελῶσι ταῦτα ἀκούοντες: ἀλλ' ἐγὼ τοὺς γελῶντας θρηνῶν οὐ παύσομαι. Πένθους γὰρ ὁ παρὼν καιρὸς καὶ θρήνων καὶ ὀδυρμῶν. Πολλὰ γὰρ καὶ ἐν ῥήμασι καὶ ἐν πράγμασιν ἁμαρτάνομεν. Τοὺς δὲ τοιαῦτα πλημμελοῦντας γέεννα ἐκδέχεται, καὶ ποταμὸς ζέων τῷ ῥοθίῳ τοῦ πυρὸς, καὶ βασιλείας ἔκπτωσις, τὸ πάντων χαλεπώτατον. Τούτων οὖν ἠπειλημένων, εἰπέ μοι, γελᾷς σὺ καὶ τρυφᾷς; καὶ τοῦ Δεσπότου σου παροξυνομένου καὶ ἀπειλοῦντος, ἕστηκας ἀναπεπτωκώς; καὶ οὐ δέδοικας μὴ τούτῳ σαυτῷ λαμπρὰν ἀνάψῃς τὴν κάμινον; Οὐκ ἀκούεις τί καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν βοᾷ; Πεινῶντά με εἴδετε, καὶ οὐκ ἐθρέψατε: διψῶντα, καὶ οὐκ ἐποτίσατε. Πορεύεσθε εἰς τὸ πῦρ τὸ ἡτοιμασμένον τῷ διαβόλῳ καὶ τοῖς ἀγγέλοις αὐτοῦ: καὶ ταῦτα ἀπειλεῖ καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν. Ἀλλ' ἔθρεψα, φησὶν, αὐτόν. Πότε καὶ πόσας ἡμέρας; δέκα καὶ εἴκοσι; Ἀλλ' οὐ τοσοῦτον βούλεται χρόνον μόνον, ἀλλ' ὅσον ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς διατρίβεις. Ἐπεὶ καὶ αἱ παρθένοι εἶχον ἔλαιον, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀρκοῦν πρὸς σωτηρίαν αὐταῖς. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ αὗται ἀνῆψαν τὰς λαμπάδας, ἀλλ' ἀπεκλείσθησαν τοῦ νυμφῶνος: καὶ μάλα εἰκότως. Ἔφθησαν γὰρ σβεσθεῖσαι πρὸ τῆς τοῦ νυμφίου παρουσίας. Διὰ τοῦτο πολλοῦ ἡμῖν δεῖ τοῦ ἐλαίου, καὶ δαψιλοῦς τῆς φιλανθρωπίας. Ἄκουσον γοῦν τί φησιν ὁ προφήτης: Ἐλέησόν με, ὁ Θεὸς, κατὰ τὸ μέγα ἔλεός σου. Οὐκοῦν καὶ ἡμᾶς τοὺς πλησίον οὕτως ἐλεεῖν δεῖ, κατὰ τὸ μέγα ἔλεος τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν. Οἷοι γὰρ ἂν γενώμεθα περὶ τοὺς ὁμοδούλους, τοιούτου τευξόμεθα τοῦ Δεσπότου. Ποῖον δὲ ἔλεος μέγα; Ὅταν μὴ ἐκ τοῦ περισσεύματος δῶμεν, ἀλλ' ἐκ τοῦ ὑστερήματος. Εἰ δὲ μηδὲ ἐκ τοῦ περισσεύματος, τίς ἡμῖν ἔσται ἐλπίς; πόθεν τῶν κακῶν ἐκείνων ἀπαλλαγή; ποῦ δυνησόμεθα φυγεῖν καὶ σωτηρίαν εὑρεῖν; Εἰ γὰρ αἱ παρθένοι μετὰ τοσούτους καὶ τηλικούτους ἱδρῶτας οὐδεμίαν οὐδαμόθεν ἔσχον παραμυθίαν: τίς ἡμῶν προστήσεται, ὅταν ἀκούσωμεν ἐκεῖνα τὰ φοβερὰ ῥήματα αὐτοῦ τοῦ δικάζοντος, λέγοντος καὶ ὀνειδίζοντος ἡμᾶς, ὅτι Πεινῶντά με οὐκ ἐθρέψατε; Ἐφ' ὅσον γὰρ οὐκ ἐποιήσατε ἑνὶ, φησὶ, τῶν ἐλαχίστων τούτων, οὐδὲ ἐμοὶ ἐποιήσατε: οὐ περὶ τῶν μαθητῶν λέγων ταῦτα μόνον, οὐδὲ περὶ τῶν ἀνῃρημένων τὸν τῶν μοναχῶν βίον, ἀλλὰ περὶ παντὸς ἀνθρώπου πιστοῦ. Ὁ γὰρ τοιοῦτος, κἂν δοῦλος ᾖ, κἂν τῶν ἐν ἀγορᾷ προσαιτούντων, πιστεύῃ δὲ εἰς τὸν Θεὸν, δίκαιον πάσης αὐτὸν ἀπολαύειν εὐνοίας. Κἂν περιίδωμεν τὸν τοιοῦτον γυμνὸν ἢ πεινῶντα, ταῦτα ἀκουσόμεθα τὰ ῥήματα: καὶ μάλα εἰκότως. Τί γὰρ βαρὺ, ἢ τί ἐπαχθὲς ᾔτησε παρ' ἡμῶν; τί δὲ οὐ τῶν σφόδρα εὐκολωτάτων καὶ ῥᾴστων; Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶπεν: Ἀσθενῶν ἤμην, καὶ οὐκ ἀνεστήσατέ με: ἀλλ', Οὐκ ἐπεσκέψασθέ με. Οὐκ εἶπεν: Ἐν φυλακῇ ἤμην, καὶ οὐκ ἐξεβάλετέ με: ἀλλ', Οὐκ ἤλθετε πρός με. Ὅσῳ τοίνυν κοῦφα τὰ ἐπιτάγματα, τοσούτῳ μείζων ἡ κόλασις τοῖς παρακούουσι. Τί γὰρ κουφότερον, εἰπέ μοι, τοῦ βαδίσαι καὶ εἰς δεσμωτήριον εἰσελθεῖν; τί δὲ ἥδιον; Ὅταν γὰρ ἴδῃς τοὺς μὲν δεδεμένους, τοὺς δὲ αὐχμῶντας, τοὺς δὲ κομῶντας, καὶ ῥάκια περικειμένους, τοὺς δὲ ὑπὸ λιμοῦ φθειρομένους, καὶ ὡς κύνας τοῖς ποσὶ προστρέχοντας: ἑτέρους τὰς πλευρὰς διωρυγμένους, ἄλλους ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς νῦν ἐπανιόντας δεδεμένους, καὶ μεθ' ἡμέραν μὲν ἐπαιτοῦντας, καὶ οὐδὲ τὴν ἀναγκαίαν συλλέγοντας τροφὴν, ἐν ἑσπέρᾳ δὲ παρὰ τῶν ἐφεστώτων τὴν πονηρὰν ἐκείνην καὶ ὠμὴν ἀπαιτουμένους λειτουργίαν: κἂν λίθος τις ᾖς, πάντως ἔσῃ φιλανθρωπότερος: κἂν τὸν ὑγρὸν καὶ διαλελυμένον ζῶν βίον, πάντως ἔσῃ φιλοσοφώτερος, τὰ ἀνθρώπινα πράγματα ἐπὶ ταῖς ἀλλοτρίαις ἐπισκοπῶν συμφοραῖς. Καὶ γὰρ τῆς φοβερᾶς ἐκείνης ἡμέρας ἔννοιαν λήψῃ πάντως, καὶ τῶν ποικίλων κολάσεων. Ταῦτα δὲ στρέφων καὶ λογιζόμενος, καὶ θυμὸν, καὶ ἡδονὴν, καὶ τὸν τῶν βιωτικῶν πραγμάτων ἔρωτα ἐκβαλεῖς πάντως, καὶ παντὸς λιμένος γαληνοτάτου γαληνοτέραν ἐργάσῃ τὴν ψυχήν: καὶ περὶ τοῦ δικαστηρίου φιλοσοφήσεις ἐκείνου, ἐννοῶν ὅτι εἰ παρὰ ἀνθρώποις τοσαύτη πρόνοια, καὶ τάξις, καὶ φόβος, καὶ ἀπειλαὶ, πολλῷ μᾶλλον παρὰ Θεῷ. Οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν ἐξουσία, εἰ μὴ παρὰ Θεοῦ. Ὁ τοίνυν τοῖς ἄρχουσι ταῦτα δοὺς διατάσσειν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον αὐτὸς αὐτὰ ἐργάσεται. εʹ. Καὶ γὰρ εἰ μὴ οὗτος ἦν ὁ φόβος, πάντα ἂν ἀπολώλει: ὅπου γε τοσούτων κολάσεων ἐπικειμένων, πολλοὶ οἱ πρὸς τὴν κακίαν αὐτομολοῦντές εἰσι. Ταῦτα [καὶ] φιλοσοφῶν, καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἐλεημοσύνην ἔσῃ προθυμότερος, καὶ πολλὴν καρπώσῃ τὴν ἡδονὴν, καὶ πολλῷ μείζονα τῶν ἀπὸ θεάτρου καταβαινόντων. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐκεῖθεν ἀναστάντες, φλέγονται ὑπὸ τῆς ἐπιθυμίας καιόμενοι. Ὅταν γὰρ ἴδωσι τὰς ἀνεπτερωμένας ἐκείνας ἐπὶ τῆς σκηνῆς γυναῖκας, καὶ μυρία λάβωσιν ἐκεῖθεν τραύματα, θαλάσσης κυμαινούσης οὐδὲν ἄμεινον διακείσονται, τοῦ τύπου τῶν ὄψεων, τῶν σχημάτων, τῶν ῥημάτων, τῆς βαδίσεως, τῶν ἄλλων πάντων πρὸ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν ἱσταμένων, καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῖς πολιορκούντων. Οἱ δὲ ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελθόντες, οὐδὲν ὑποστήσονται τοιοῦτον, ἀλλὰ πολλὴν καρπώσονται τὴν γαλήνην καὶ τὴν ἀταραξίαν. Ἡ γὰρ κατάνυξις ἡ ἐκ τῆς ὄψεως τῶν δεδεμένων ἐγγενομένη, ἅπαν ἐκεῖνο σβέννυσι τὸ πῦρ. Κἂν ἀπαντήσῃ γυνὴ πορνευομένη καὶ ἀκόλαστος ἐξελθόντι τῶν δεσμωτῶν, οὐδὲν αὐτὸν ἐργάσεται χαλεπόν. Ὡς γὰρ ἄπλαστος λοιπὸν γενόμενος, οὕτως οὐχ ἁλώσεται τοῖς δικτύοις τῆς ὄψεως ἐκείνης, ἀντὶ τῆς ὄψεως τῆς ἀκολάστου, τοῦ φόβου τῆς κρίσεως πρὸ ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῷ τότε κειμένου. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ πᾶν εἶδος τρυφῆς ἐπελθὼν ἔλεγεν: Ἀγαθὸν πορευθῆναι εἰς οἶκον πένθους, ἢ πορευθῆναι εἰς οἶκον γέλωτος. Καὶ ἐνταῦθα μὲν τοσαύτην ἐπιδείξει τὴν φιλοσοφίαν, ἐκεῖ δὲ ἀκούσῃ τὰ μυρίων μακαρισμῶν ἄξια ῥήματα. Μὴ τοίνυν ἀμελῶμεν τῆς τοιαύτης πράξεως καὶ πραγματείας. Κἂν γὰρ μὴ δυνηθῶμεν τροφὴν εἰσενεγκεῖν, μηδὲ ἀργύριον βοηθῆσαι δόντες, ἀλλὰ παρακαλέσαι λόγῳ, καὶ τὴν κειμένην ἀναστῆσαι ψυχὴν δυνησόμεθα, καὶ ἕτερα ἐπικουρῆσαι πολλὰ, καὶ τοῖς ἐμβαλοῦσι διαλεγόμενοι, καὶ τοὺς ἐφεστῶτας ἡμερωτέρους ποιοῦντες, καὶ ἢ μικρὸν ἢ μέγα πάντως ἐργασόμεθα κέρδος. Εἰ δὲ λέγεις ὅτι οὐκ εὐδαίμονές εἰσιν ἐκεῖ, οὐδὲ εὔχρηστοι, οὐδὲ ἐπιεικεῖς ἄνδρες, ἀλλ' ἀνδροφόνοι καὶ τυμβωρύχοι, καὶ βαλαντιοτόμοι, καὶ μοιχοὶ, καὶ ἀκόλαστοι, καὶ πολλῶν γέμοντες κακῶν, πάλιν ἀναγκαίαν μοι καὶ ἐντεῦθεν δεικνύεις τῆς ἐκεῖ διατριβῆς τὴν πρόφασιν. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ τοὺς μὲν ἀγαθοὺς ἐλεεῖν, τοὺς δὲ πονηροὺς κολάζειν ἐκελεύσθημεν: ἀλλὰ περὶ πάντας ἐνδείκνυσθαι τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν ταύτην. Γίνεσθε γὰρ, φησὶν, ὅμοιοι τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν τοῦ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, ὅτι ἀνατέλλει τὸν ἥλιον αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ πονηροὺς καὶ ἀγαθοὺς, καὶ βρέχει ἐπὶ δικαίους καὶ ἀδίκους. Μὴ τοίνυν κατηγόρει τῶν ἀλλοτρίων πικρῶς, μηδὲ ἔσο σφοδρὸς δικαστὴς, ἀλλ' ἥμερος καὶ φιλάνθρωπος. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἡμεῖς, εἰ καὶ μὴ μοιχοὶ, μηδὲ τυμβωρύχοι, μηδὲ βαλαντιοτόμοι γεγόναμεν, ἀλλ' ἔχομεν ἕτερα πλημμελήματα μυρίας ἄξια κολάσεως. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν μωρὸν ἐκαλέσαμεν πολλάκις, ὅπερ τὴν γέενναν ἡμῖν προξενεῖ: καὶ γυναῖκας ἀκολάστοις εἴδομεν ὀφθαλμοῖς, ὅπερ μοιχείαν ἀπηρτισμένην συνίστησι: καὶ τὸ πάντων χαλεπώτερον, τῶν μυστηρίων οὐ μετέχομεν ἀξίως, ὅπερ ἐνόχους ἡμᾶς ποιεῖ τοῦ σώματος καὶ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Μὴ τοίνυν πικροὶ γενώμεθα τῶν ἄλλων ἐξετασταὶ, ἀλλὰ τὰ ἡμῶν αὐτῶν ἐννοῶμεν, καὶ οὕτω παυσόμεθα τῆς ἀπανθρωπίας ταύτης καὶ τῆς ὠμότητος. Χωρὶς δὲ τούτων κἀκεῖνο ἔστιν εἰπεῖν, ὅτι καὶ ἐπιεικεῖς ἄνδρας πολλοὺς εὑρήσομεν αὐτόθι, καὶ τῆς πόλεως πολλάκις ἀνταξίους πάσης. Ἐπεὶ καὶ τὸ δεσμωτήριον ἐκεῖνο, ἔνθα ὁ Ἰωσὴφ ἦν, πολλοὺς εἶχε πονηρούς: ἀλλ' ὅμως πάντων ἐπεμελεῖτο ὁ δίκαιος ἐκεῖνος, καὶ ἦν καὶ αὐτὸς μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων, κρυπτόμενος ὅστις ἦν. Καὶ γὰρ τῆς Αἰγύπτου πάσης ἀντάξιος ἦν, καὶ τὸ δεσμωτήριον ὅμως ᾤκει, καὶ οὐδεὶς ᾔδει τῶν ἔνδον ὄντων. Καὶ νῦν τοίνυν πολλοὺς εἶναι εἰκὸς χρηστοὺς καὶ ἐπιεικεῖς, εἰ καὶ μὴ πᾶσιν εἶεν κατάδηλοι: καὶ ἡ περὶ τοὺς τοιούτους ἐπιμέλεια, τῆς περὶ πάντας σπουδῆς δίδωσί σοι τὴν ἀμοιβήν. Ἂν δὲ καὶ μηδεὶς ᾖ τοιοῦτος, καὶ ἐνταῦθα πολλὴ ἡ ἀντίδοσις. Ἐπεὶ καὶ ὁ Δεσπότης ὁ σὸς οὐχὶ δικαίοις διελέγετο μόνον, τοὺς δὲ ἀκαθάρτους ἔφευγεν: ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν Χαναναίαν μετὰ πολλῆς ἐδέξατο τῆς εὐνοίας, καὶ τὴν Σαμαρεῖτιν τὴν ἐναγῆ καὶ ἀκάθαρτον, καὶ ἑτέραν δὲ πόρνην πάλιν, ὑπὲρ ἧς καὶ ὠνείδιζον οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, καὶ ἐδέξατο καὶ ἐθεράπευσε, καὶ τοὺς πόδας βρεχομένους ὑπὸ τῶν δακρύων τῆς ἐναγοῦς ἠνείχετο, παιδεύων ἡμᾶς συγκατιέναι τοῖς ἐν ἁμαρτίαις οὖσι. Τοῦτο γὰρ μάλιστα φιλανθρωπία. Τί φῄς; λῃσταὶ καὶ τυμβωρύχοι τὸ δεσμωτήριον οἰκοῦσι; Τὴν δὲ πόλιν, εἰπέ μοι, δίκαιοι πάντες εἰσὶν οἱ κατοικοῦντες; ἀλλ' οὐχὶ πολλοὶ καὶ τούτων χείρους μετὰ πλείονος λῃστεύοντες ἀναισχυντίας; Οἱ μὲν γὰρ εἰ καὶ μηδὲν ἕτερον, τὴν γοῦν ἐρημίαν καὶ τὸ σκότος προβάλλονται, καὶ τὸ λανθάνοντες ταῦτα ποιεῖν: οἱ δὲ τὸ προσωπεῖον ῥίψαντες, γυμνῇ τῇ κεφαλῇ τὰ κακὰ μετέρχονται, βίαιοι καὶ ἅρπαγες ὄντες καὶ πλεονέκται. Καὶ γὰρ δύσκολον εὑρεῖν ἄνθρωπον ἀδικίας καθαρόν. Ϛʹ. Εἰ δὲ μὴ χρυσίον ἁρπάζομεν, μηδὲ πλέθρα γῆς τόσα καὶ τόσα: ἀλλ' ὅμως ἀπάτῃ τινὶ καὶ κλοπῇ τὸ αὐτὸ ἐπ' ἐλάττοσι, καὶ οἷς δυνάμεθα κατεργαζόμεθα. Ὅταν γὰρ ἐν τοῖς συμβολαίοις, καὶ ἡνίκα δ' ἂν ἀγοράσαι δέῃ τι ἢ καὶ ἀποδόσθαι, φιλονεικῶμεν καὶ βιαζώμεθα ἔλαττον τῆς ἀξίας καταβαλεῖν, καὶ πάντα ὑπὲρ τούτου ποιῶμεν, οὐ λῃστεία τὸ πρᾶγμά ἐστιν; οὐ κλοπὴ καὶ πλεονεξία; Μὴ γάρ μοι εἴπῃς, ὅτι οὐκ οἰκίαν, οὐκ ἀνδράποδα παρεσπάσω. Ἡ γὰρ ἀδικία οὐ τῷ μέτρῳ τῶν ἀφαιρουμένων, ἀλλὰ τῇ προαιρέσει τῶν κλεπτόντων κρίνεται. Τὸ γὰρ ἄδικον καὶ τὸ δίκαιον ἐν μεγάλοις καὶ ἐν μικροῖς τὴν αὐτὴν ἔχει δύναμιν: καὶ βαλαντιοτόμους ὁμοίως ἐγὼ καλῶ, κἂν βαλάντιόν τις διατεμὼν χρυσίον λάβῃ, κἂν ὠνούμενος παρά τινος τῶν ἀγοραίων τῆς ἀξίας παρασπάσῃ τι τιμῆς: καὶ τοιχωρύχος δὲ οὐχ ὁ τοῖχον διελὼν μόνον καὶ ὑφελόμενός τι τῶν ἔνδον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὁ δίκην διαφθείρας καὶ ἀφελόμενός τι τοῦ πλησίον. Μὴ τοίνυν τὰ ἡμέτερα παρατρέχοντες, τῶν ἀλλοτρίων γενώμεθα δικασταί: μηδὲ ὅπου φιλανθρωπίας καιρὸς, ἐξετάζωμεν πονηρίαν: ἀλλ' ἐννοήσαντες πῶς καὶ ἡμεῖς διεκείμεθα πάλαι, γενώμεθά ποτε ἥμεροι καὶ φιλάνθρωποι. Πῶς οὖν διεκείμεθα; Ἄκουσον Παύλου λέγοντος, Ἦμεν γάρ ποτε καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀπειθεῖς, ἀνόητοι, πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις, στυγητοὶ, μισοῦντες ἀλλήλους: καὶ πάλιν, Ἦμεν γὰρ φύσει τέκνα ὀργῆς. Ἀλλ' ὁ Θεὸς ὥσπερ ἐν δεσμωτηρίῳ κατεχομένους ἰδὼν, καὶ ἁλύσεσι χαλεπαῖς δεδεμένους, πολὺ τῶν ἀπὸ σιδήρου χαλεπωτέραις, οὐκ ἐπῃσχύνθη, ἀλλ' ἦλθε καὶ ἐπέστη τῷ δεσμωτηρίῳ, καὶ τοὺς μυρίων ἀξίους κολάσεων ἐξήγαγέ τε ἐκεῖθεν, καὶ εἰς βασιλείαν ἤγαγε, καὶ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ λαμπροτέρους ἐποίησεν, ἵνα καὶ ἡμεῖς τὰ αὐτὰ ποιῶμεν κατὰ δύναμιν τὴν ἡμετέραν. Καὶ γὰρ ὅταν λέγῃ τοῖς μαθηταῖς: Εἰ οὖν ἐγὼ ἔνιψα τοὺς πόδας ὁ Κύριος καὶ ὁ Διδάσκαλος, καὶ ὑμεῖς ὀφείλετε ἀλλήλων νίπτειν τοὺς πόδας: ὑπόδειγμα γὰρ ἔδωκα ὑμῖν, ἵνα καθὼς ἐγὼ ἐποίησα, καὶ ὑμεῖς ποιῆτε: οὐκ ἐπὶ τῷ νίπτειν τοὺς πόδας τοῦτον γράφει τὸν νόμον μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις ἅπασιν, οἷς περὶ ἡμᾶς ἐπεδείξατο. Ἀνδροφόνος ἐστὶν ὁ τὸ δεσμωτήριον οἰκῶν; Ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς τὸ καλὸν ποιοῦντες μὴ ἐκκακῶμεν. Τυμβωρύχος ἐστὶ καὶ μοιχός; Ἀλλὰ μὴ τὴν κακίαν, ἀλλὰ τὴν συμφορὰν ἐλεῶμεν. Πολλάκις δὲ, ὅπερ ἔφην, εὑρεθήσεται ἐκεῖ καὶ εἷς μυρίων ἀντάξιος ἀνδρῶν. Κἂν συνεχῶς ἀπίῃς πρὸς τοὺς δεδεμένους, οὐκ ἀποτεύξῃ τῆς τοιαύτης θήρας. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ Ἀβραὰμ καὶ τοὺς τυχόντας ξενοδοχῶν, ἐπέτυχέ ποτε καὶ ἀγγέλων: οὕτω καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐπιτευξόμεθα καὶ μεγάλων ἀνδρῶν, ἂν ἔργον τὸ πρᾶγμα ποιησώμεθα. Εἰ δὲ χρὴ καὶ θαυμαστόν τι εἰπεῖν, οὐχ οὕτως ἐπαίνων ἄξιος ὁ μέγαν ὑποδεχόμενος, ὡς ὁ τὸν οἰκτρὸν καὶ ταλαίπωρον. Ἐκεῖνος μὲν γὰρ οὐ μικρὰν ἀφορμὴν ἔχει τὸν ἑαυτοῦ βίον πρὸς τὸ παθεῖν εὖ: ὁ δὲ ἀπεῤῥιμμένος καὶ ὑπὸ πάντων προδεδομένος, ἕνα λιμένα μόνον ἔχει, τὸν ἔλεον τοῦ ποιοῦντος αὐτὸν εὖ: ὥστε φιλανθρωπία καθαρὰ τοῦτο μάλιστά ἐστι. Καὶ ὁ μὲν τὸν θαυμαστὸν καὶ περιφανῆ θεραπεύων, πολλάκις καὶ πρὸς ἀνθρώπων ἐπίδειξιν τοῦτο ἐποίησεν: ὁ δὲ τὸν ἀπεῤῥιμμένον καὶ ἀπεγνωσμένον, διὰ μόνην τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦτο ἐργάζεται. Διὸ κἂν δοχὴν ποιῶμεν, χωλοὺς καὶ ἀναπήρους ὑποδέχεσθαι κελευόμεθα: κἂν ἐλεημοσύνην ἐργαζώμεθα, ἐλαχίστους καὶ εὐτελεῖς ἐλεεῖν ἐπετάγημεν. Ἐφ' ὅσον γὰρ ἐποιήσατε, φησὶν, ἑνὶ τούτων τῶν ἐλαχίστων, ἐμοὶ ἐποιήσατε. Εἰδότες τοίνυν τὸν ἐκεῖ κείμενον θησαυρὸν, εἰσίωμεν συνεχῶς καὶ πραγματευώμεθα, καὶ τὰς περὶ τὰ θέατρα σπουδὰς ἐκεῖ τρέψωμεν. Κἂν μηδὲν ἔχῃς εἰσενεγκεῖν, εἰσάγαγε τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων παράκλησιν. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ μόνον τὸν τρέφοντα, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν εἰσιόντα ὁ Θεὸς ἀμείβεται. Ὅταν γὰρ εἰσελθὼν τρέμουσαν καὶ δεδοικυῖαν τὴν ψυχὴν διαναστήσῃς, παρακαλῶν, βοηθῶν, ὑπισχνούμενος ἀμύνειν, φιλοσοφεῖν παρασκευάζων, οὐ μικρὸν καὶ ἐντεῦθεν λήψῃ τὸν μισθόν. Ἔξω μὲν γὰρ σοῦ τοιαῦτα διαλεγομένου, πολλοὶ καὶ γελάσονται ὑπὸ τῆς πολλῆς τρυφῆς διακεχυμένοι: οἱ δὲ ἐν συμφοραῖς ὄντες, κατεσταλμένης αὐτοῖς τῆς διανοίας, μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς ἐπιεικείας καὶ προσέξουσι τοῖς λεγομένοις, καὶ ἐπαινέσονται, καὶ ἔσονται βελτίους. Ἐπεὶ καὶ Παύλου δημηγοροῦντος, Ἰουδαῖοι μὲν πολλάκις κατεγέλων: οἱ δὲ δεσμῶται μετὰ πολλῆς ἐπηκροῶντο τῆς ἡσυχίας. Οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτως εἰς φιλοσοφίαν ἐπιτηδείαν κατασκευάζει τὴν ψυχὴν ὡς συμφορὰ, καὶ πειρασμὸς, καὶ θλίψις ἐπικειμένη. Ταῦτ' οὖν ἐννοήσαντες ἅπαντα, ὅσα μὲν τοὺς ἔνδον ἀγαθὰ, ὅσα δὲ ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς ἐργασόμεθα, συνεχῶς αὐτοῖς ἀναμιγνύμενοι, καὶ τὰς ἐν ἀγορᾷ διατριβὰς, καὶ τὰς ἀκαίρους ἀσχολίας ἐκεῖ καταναλώσωμεν, ἵνα κἀκείνους κερδάνωμεν, καὶ ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς εὐφράνωμεν, καὶ τὸν Θεὸν δοξασθῆναι παρασκευάσαντες, τῶν αἰωνίων ἐπιτύχωμεν ἀγαθῶν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, δι' οὗ καὶ μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἡ δόξα σὺν τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.