Homily LX.

Matt. XVIII. 15.

“If thy brother shall trespass2319   [The form of the Greek verb here is peculiar to the text of the Homily. R.V., “sin,” for “trespass.”—R.]against thee, go and tell him his fault2320   Lit. “reprove” or “convict him.”between thee and him alone. If he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother.”

For, since He had used vehement language against them that cause offense, and on every hand had moved them to fear; in order that the offended might not in this way on the other hand become supine, neither supposing all to be cast upon others, should be led on to another vice, soften in themselves, and desiring to be humored in everything, and run upon the shoal of pride; seest thou how He again checks them also, and commands the telling of the faults to be between the two alone, lest by the testimony of the many he should render his accusation heavier, and the other, become excited to opposition, should continue incorrigible.

Wherefore He saith, “Between thee and him alone,” and, “If he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother.” What is, “If he shall hear thee?” If he shall condemn himself, if he shall be persuaded that he has done wrong.

“Thou hast gained thy brother.” He did not say, Thou hast a sufficient revenge, but, “Thou hast gained thy brother,” to show that there is a common loss from the enmity. For He said not, “He hath gained himself only,” but, “thou too hast gained him,” whereby He showed that both the one and the other were losers before this, the one of his brother, the other of his own salvation.

This, when He sat on the mount also, He advised; at one time bringing him who has given the pain to him that had been pained, and saying, “Be reconciled to thy brother,”2321   Matt. v. 24. [But the citation is fuller: “If thou art standing by the altar and rememberest that thy brother hath aught against thee, go away, be reconciled,” etc.—R.]and at another commanding him that had been wronged to forgive his neighbor. For He taught men to say, “Forgive us our debts, like as we forgive our debtors.”2322   Matt. vi. 12.

But here He is devising another mode. For not him that gave the pain, doth He now call upon,2323   [Supplied by translator.]but him that was pained He brings to this one. For because this who hath done the wrong would not easily come to make excuse, out of shame, and confusion of face, He draws that other to him, and not merely so, but in such way as also to correct what hath been done. And He saith not, “Accuse,” nor “Charge him,” nor “Demand satisfaction, and an account,” but, “Tell him of his fault,”2324   Or, “Convict him.”saith He. For he is held in a kind of stupor through anger and shame with which he is intoxicated; and thou, who art in health, must go thy way to him that is ill, and make the tribunal private, and the remedy such as may be readily received. For to say, “Tell him of his fault,” is nothing else than “Remind him of his error,” tell him what thou hast suffered at his hand, which very thing, if it be done as it ought, is the part of one making excuse for him, and drawing him over earnestly to a reconciliation.

What then, if he should disobey, and be disposed to abide in hardness? “Take with thyself yet one or two, that in the mouth of two witnesses every word may be established.”2325   Matt. xviii. 16. [The words “or three” are omitted in the Homily here, but not below. In both cases the form of the verb is changed.—R.] For the more he is shameless, and bold, the more ought we to be active for his cure, not in anger and indignation. For the physician in like manner, when he sees the malady obstinate, doth not give up nor grow impatient, but then makes the more preparation; which He commands us to do in this case too.

For since thou appearedst to be too weak alone, make thyself more powerful by this addition. For surely the two are sufficient to convict him that hath sinned. Seest thou how He seeketh not the good of him that hath been pained only, but of him also that hath given the pain. For the person injured is this one who is taken captive by his passion, he it is that is diseased, and weak, and infirm. Wherefore He often sends the other to this one, now alone, and now with others; but if he continue in it, even with the church. For, “Tell it,” saith He, “to the Church.”2326   Matt. xviii. 17. For if He were seeking this one’s advantage only, He would not have commanded to pardon, seventy times seven, one repenting. He would not so often have set so many over him to correct his passion; but if he had remained incorrigible after the first conference would have let him be; but now once, and twice, and thrice, He commands to attempt his cure, and now alone and now with two, now with more.

Wherefore, with respect to them that are without He saith no such thing, but, “If any one smite thee,” He saith, “on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also,”2327   Matt. v. 39.but here not in such wise. For what Paul meaneth, saying, “What have I to do to judge them also that are without?”2328   1 Cor. v. 12.but the brethren he commands both to tell of their faults, and to avoid them, and to cut them off, not being obedient, that they may be ashamed; this Himself also doeth here, making these laws about the brethren; and He sets three2329   [Oxford edition, “these,” misprint, since the Greek word is τρε.—R.]over him for teachers and judges, to teach him the things that are done at the time of his drunkenness. For though it be himself that hath said and done all those unreasonable things, yet he will need others to teach him this, like as the drunken man. For anger and sin is a more frantic thing2330   ἐκστατικτερον.than any drunkenness, and puts the soul in greater distraction.

Who, for instance, was wiser than David? Yet for all that, when he had sinned he perceived it not, his lust keeping in subjection all his reasoning powers, and like some smoke filling his soul. Therefore he stood in need of a lantern from the prophet, and of words calling to his mind what he had done. Wherefore here also He brings these to him that hath sinned, to reason with him about the things he had done.

2. But for what reason doth He command this one to tell him of his fault, and not another? Because this man he would endure more quietly, this, who hath been wronged, who hath been pained, who hath been despitefully used. For one doth not bear in the same way being told by another of one’s fault concerning him that hath been insulted, as by the insulted person himself, especially when this person is alone convicting him. For when he who should demand justice against him, even this one appears to be caring for his salvation, this will have more power than anything in the world to shame him.

Seest thou how this is done not for the sake of just punishment, but of amendment? Therefore He doth not at once command to take with him the two, but when himself hath failed; and not even then doth He send forth a multitude against him; but makes the addition no further than two, or even one; but when he has contemned these too, then and not till then He brings him out to the church.

So much earnestness doth He show, that our neighbor’s sins be not exposed by us. And indeed He might have commanded this from the first, but that this might not be, He did not command it, but after a first and second admonition He appoints this.

But what is, “In the mouth of two or three witnesses every word shall be established?” Thou hast a sufficient testimony. His meaning is, that thou hast done all thy part, that thou hast left undone none of the things which it pertained to thee to do.

“But if he shall neglect to hear them also, tell it to the church,” that is, to the rulers of it; “but if he neglect to hear the church, let him be to thee as an heathen man and a publican.” For after this such a one is incurably diseased.

But mark thou, I pray thee, how everywhere He putteth the publican for an example of the greatest wickedness. For above too He saith, “Do not even the publicans the same?”2331   Matt. v. 46. And further on again, “Even the publicans and the harlots shall go before you into the Kingdom of Heaven,”2332   Matt. xxi. 31.that is, they who are utterly reprobated and condemned. Let them hearken, who are rushing upon unjust gains, who are counting up usuries upon usuries.

But why did He set him with these? To soothe the person wronged, and to alarm him. Is this only then the punishment? Nay, but hear also what follows. “Whatsoever ye shall bind on earth shall be bound in Heaven.”2333   Matt. xviii. 18. [R.V., “What things soever,” etc. But the singular pronoun is substituted in the text of the Homily.—R.] And He did not say to the ruler of the church, “Bind such a man,” but, “If thou bind,” committing the whole matter to the person himself, who is aggrieved, and the bonds abide indissoluble. Therefore he will suffer the utmost ills; but not he who hath brought him to account is to blame, but he who hath not been willing to be persuaded.

Seest thou how He hath bound him down with twofold constraint, both by the vengeance here, and by the punishment hereafter? But these things hath He threatened, that these circumstances may not arise, but that fearing, at once the being cast out of the church, and the danger from the bond, and the being bound in Heaven, he may become more gentle. And knowing these things, if not at the beginning, at any rate in the multitude of the tribunals he will put off his anger. Wherefore, I tell you, He hath set over him a first, and a second, and a third court,2334   [A clause is omitted here, “and doth not straightway cut him off.”—R.]so that though he should neglect to hear the first, he may yield to the second; and even if he should reject that, he may fear the third; and though he should make no account of this, he may be dismayed at the vengeance to come, and at the sentence and judgment to proceed from God.

“And again I say unto you, that if two of you shall agree on earth as touching anything that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my Father which is in Heaven. For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them.”2335   Matt. xviii. 19, 20.

Seest thou how by another motive also He puts down our enmities, and takes away our petty dissensions,2336   μικροψυχα .and draws us one to another, and this not from the punishment only which hath been mentioned, but also from the good things which spring from charity? For having denounced those threats against contentiousness, He putteth here the great rewards of concord, if at least they who are of one accord do even prevail with the Father, as touching the things they ask, and have Christ in the midst of them.

“Are there then indeed nowhere two of one accord?” Nay, in many places, perchance even everywhere. “How then do they not obtain all things?” Because many are causes of their failing. For either they often ask things inexpedient. And why marvellest thou, if this is the case with some others, whereas it was so even with Paul, when he heard, “My grace is sufficient for thee; for my strength is perfected in weakness.”2337   2 Cor. xii. 9. [R.V., “for my power is made perfect in weakness.”] Or they are unworthy to be reckoned with them that heard these words, and contribute not their own part, but He seeks for such as are like them; therefore He saith “of you,” of the virtuous, of them that show forth an angelic rule of life.2338   πολιτεαν. Or they pray against them that have aggrieved them, seeking for redress and vengeance; and this kind of thing is forbidden, for, “Pray,” saith He, “for your enemies.”2339   Matt. v. 44. Or having sins unrepented they ask mercy, which thing it is impossible to receive, not only if themselves ask it, but although others having much confidence towards God entreat for them, like as even Jeremiah praying for the Jews did hear, “Pray not thou for this people, because I will not hear thee.”2340   Jer. xi. 14.

But if all things are there, and thou ask things expedient, and contribute all thine own part, and exhibit an apostolical life, and have concord and love towards thy neighbor, thou wilt obtain on thy entreaty; for the Lord is loving towards man.

3. Then because He had said, “Of my Father,” in order that He might show that it is Himself that giveth, and not He who begat Him only, He added, “For wheresoever two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them.”

What then? are there not two or three gathered together in His name? There are indeed, but rarely. For not merely of the assembling doth He speak, neither this doth He require only; but most surely, as I said before also, the rest of virtue too together with this, and besides, even this itself He requires with great strictness. For what He saith is like this, “If any holds me the principal ground of his love to his neighbors, I will be with Him, if he be a virtuous man in other respects.”

But now we see the more part having other motives of friendship. For one loves, because he is loved, another because he hath been honored, a third because such a one has been useful to him in some other worldly matter, a fourth for some other like cause; but for Christ’s sake it is a difficult thing to find any one loving his neighbor sincerely, and as he ought to love him. For the more part are bound one to another by their worldly affairs. But Paul did not love thus, but for Christ’s sake; wherefore even when not loved in such wise as he loved, he did not cease his love, because he had planted a strong root of his affection; but not so our present state, but on inquiry we shall find with most men anything likely to produce friendship rather than this. And if any one bestowed on me power in so great a multitude to make this inquiry, I would show the more part bound one to another by worldly motives.

And this is evident from the causes that work enmity. For because they are bound one to another by these temporal2341   ἐπικηρων.motives, therefore they are neither fervent towards one another, nor constant, but insult, and loss of money, and envy, and love of vainglory, and every such thing coming upon them, severs the love-tie. For it finds not the root spiritual. Since if indeed it were such, no worldly thing would dissolve things spiritual. For love for Christ’s sake is firm, and not to be broken, and impregnable, and nothing can tear it asunder; not calumnies, not dangers, not death, no other thing of this kind. For though he suffer ten thousand things, who thus loves; looking to the ground of his love, he will not desist. For he who loves because of being loved, should he meet with anything painful, puts an end to his love; but he who is bound by this, will never desist.

Wherefore Paul also said, “Charity never faileth.”2342   1 Cor. xiii. 8. [R.V., “Love never faileth.” The Greek word is rendered “love” throughout this part of the Homily.—R.] For what hast thou to say? That when honored he insults? that receiving benefits he was minded to slay thee? But even this works upon thee to love more, if thou lovest for Christ’s sake. For what things are in the rest subversive of love, these here become apt to produce it. How? First, because such a one is to thee a cause of rewards; secondly, because he that is so disposed stands in need of more succor, and much attention. Therefore I say, he who thus loves inquires not about race, nor country, nor wealth, nor his love to himself, nor any other such matter, but though he be hated, though he be insulted, though he be slain, continues to love, having as a sufficient ground for love, Christ; wherefore also he stands steadfast, firm, not to be overthrown, looking unto Him.

For Christ too so loved his enemies, having loved the obstinate, the injurious, the blasphemers, them that hated Him, them that would not so much as see Him; them that were preferring wood and stones to Him, and with the highest love beyond which one cannot find another. “For greater love hath no man than this,” He saith, “that one lay down his life for his friends.”2343   John xv. 13.

And those even that crucified Him, and acted in so many instances with contumely against Him, see how He continues to treat with kindness. For even to His Father He speaks for them, saying, “Forgive them, for they know not what they do.”2344   Luke xxiii. 34. And He sent His disciples moreover, after these things, unto them.

This love then let us also imitate, unto this let us look, that being followers of Christ, we may attain both unto the good things here, and unto those to come, by the grace and love towards man of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory and might world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Ξʹ. Ἐὰν ἁμάρτῃ εἰς σὲ ὁ ἀδελφός σου, ὕπαγε, ἔλεγξον αὐτὸν μεταξὺ σοῦ καὶ αὐτοῦ μόνου. Ἐάν σου ἀκούσῃ, ἐκέρδησας τὸν ἀδελφόν σου. αʹ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ σφοδρὸν κατέτεινε λόγον κατὰ τῶν σκανδαλιζόντων, καὶ πανταχόθεν αὐτοὺς ἐφόβησεν, ἵνα μὴ ταύτῃ γένωνται πάλιν ὕπτιοι οἱ σκανδαλιζόμενοι, μηδὲ τὸ πᾶν νομίζοντες ἐφ' ἑτέρους ἐῤῥῖφθαι, εἰς ἑτέραν κακίαν ἐξέλθωσι, θρυπτόμενοι καὶ πάντα θεραπεύεσθαι θέλοντες, καὶ εἰς ἀπόνοιαν ἐξοκείλωσιν, ὅρα πῶς καὶ αὐτοὺς συστέλλει πάλιν, καὶ κελεύει τὸν ἔλεγχον μεταξὺ τῶν δύο γίνεσθαι μόνων: ἵνα μὴ τῇ τῶν πλειόνων μαρτυρίᾳ βαρυτέραν ἐργάσηται τὴν κατηγορίαν, καὶ ἰταμώτερος ἐκεῖνος γενόμενος δυσδιόρθωτος μείνῃ Διό φησι: Μεταξὺ σοῦ καὶ αὐτοῦ μόνου. Κἂν ἀκούσῃ, ἐκέρδανας τὸν ἀδελφόν σου. Τί ἐστιν, Ἐὰν ἀκούσῃ; Ἐὰν καταγνῷ ἑαυτοῦ, ἐὰν πεισθῇ ὅτι ἥμαρτεν Ἐκέρδανας τὸν ἀδελφόν σου. Οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἔχεις ἱκανὴν τιμωρίαν, ἀλλ', Ἐκέρδανας τὸν ἀδελφόν σου, δεικνὺς ὅτι κοινὴ ζημία ἀπὸ τῆς ἔχθρας. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, Ἐκέρδανεν ἐκεῖνος ἑαυτὸν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ Σὺ αὐτὸν ἐκέρδανας: δι' ὧν ἔδειξεν ὅτι καὶ αὐτὸς κἀκεῖνος ἐζημιοῦντο πρὸ τούτου, ὁ μὲν τὸν ἀδελφὸν, ὁ δὲ τὴν οἰκείαν σωτηρίαν. Τοῦτο καὶ ἡνίκα ἐπὶ τοῦ ὅρους ἐκάθητο, παρῄνει: ποτὲ μὲν τὸν λελυπηκότα πρὸς τὸν λυπηθέντα ἄγων καὶ λέγων: Ἐὰν τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ παρεστὼς, ἐκεῖ μνησθῇς, ὅτι ὁ ἀδελφός σου ἔχει τι κατὰ σοῦ, ὕπαγε, διαλλάγηθι τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου: ποτὲ δὲ τὸν ἠδικημένον κελεύων ἀφεῖναι τῷ πλησίον. Ἄφες γὰρ ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν, καθὼς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφίεμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν, λέγειν ἐδίδαξεν. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ ἕτερον ἐπινοεῖ τρόπον. Οὐ γὰρ τὸν λελυπηκότα, ἀλλὰ τὸν λυπηθέντα ἄγει πρὸς τοῦτον. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος ὁ ἠδικηκὼς οὐκ εὐκόλως ἂν ἔλθοι πρὸς ἀπολογίαν αἰσχυνόμενος καὶ ἐρυθριῶν, τοῦτον πρὸς ἐκεῖνον ἕλκει: καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς, ἀλλ' ὥστε καὶ διορθῶσαι τὸ γεγενημένον. Καὶ οὐ λέγει, Κατηγόρησον, οὐδὲ, Ἐπιτίμησον, οὐδὲ, Δίκας ἀπαίτησον καὶ εὐθύνας, ἀλλὰ, Ἔλεγξον, φησίν. Αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ καθάπερ τινὶ κάρῳ τῷ θυμῷ καὶ τῇ αἰσχύνῃ κατέχεται μεθύων: δεῖ δὲ σὲ τὸν ὑγιαίνοντα πρὸς ἐκεῖνον τὸν νοσοῦντα ἀπελθεῖν, καὶ ἀδημοσίευτον ποιῆσαι τὸ δικαστήριον, καὶ εὐπαράδεκτον τὴν ἰατρείαν. Τὸ γὰρ εἰπεῖν. Ἔλεγξον, οὐχ ἕτερόν τί ἐστιν ἢ, Ἀνάμνησον τοῦ ἁμαρτήματος, εἰπὲ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἅπερ ἔπαθες παρ' αὐτοῦ: ὅπερ καὶ αὐτὸ, ἐὰν ὡς χρὴ γίνηται, μέρος ἐστὶν ἀπολογουμένου, καὶ σφόδρα ἐφελκομένου πρὸς καταλλαγήν. Τί οὖν, ἐὰν ἀπειθῇ καὶ σκληρῶς διακέηται; Παράλαβε μετὰ σεαυτοῦ ἔτι ἕνα ἢ δύο, ἵνα ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων σταθήσεται πᾶν ῥῆμα. Ὅσῳ γὰρ ἂν ἀναιδέστερος ᾖ καὶ ἰταμώτερος, τοσούτῳ, μᾶλλον ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ τὴν ἰατρείαν σπεύδειν χρὴ, οὐκ ἐπὶ τὴν ὀργὴν καὶ τὴν ἀγανάκτησιν. Καὶ γὰρ ἰατρὸς, ὅταν ἴδῃ τὸ πάθος δυσένδοτον, οὐκ ἀφίσταται, οὐδὲ δυσχεραίνει, ἀλλὰ τότε μᾶλλον παρασκευάζεται: ὃ καὶ ἐνταῦθα ποιεῖν κελεύει. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀσθενέστερος μόνος ὢν ἐφάνης, γενοῦ δυνατώτερος τῇ προσθήκῃ. Καὶ γὰρ ἱκανοὶ οἱ δύο τὸν ἡμαρτηκότα ἐλέγξαι. Ὁρᾷς ὡς οὐ τὸ τοῦ λελυπημένου ζητεῖ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ τοῦ λελυπηκότος; Ὁ γὰρ ἠδικημένος οὗτός ἐστιν, ὁ ἁλοὺς ὑπὸ τοῦ πάθους: αὐτὸς ὁ νοσῶν καὶ ἀσθενῶν καὶ κάμνων. Διὰ τοῦτο πολλάκις ἐκεῖνον πρὸς τοῦτον ἄγει, νῦν μὲν μόνον, νῦν δὲ μεθ' ἑτέρων: εἰ δὲ ἐπιμένοι, καὶ μετὰ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας. Εἰπὲ γὰρ, φησὶ, τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ. Εἰ δὲ τὸ τούτου μόνον ἐζήτει, οὐκ ἂν ἐκέλευσεν ἑβδομηκοντάκις ἑπτὰ μετανοοῦντι συγχωρεῖν: οὐκ ἂν τοσαυτάκις καὶ τοσούτους ἐπέστησεν αὐτῷ διορθωτὰς τοῦ πάθους: ἀλλ' ἐκ πρώτης αὐτὸν ἀδιόρθωτον μείναντα συντυχίας εἴασεν ἄν: νῦν δὲ καὶ ἅπαξ καὶ δὶς καὶ τρὶς αὐτὸν θεραπεῦσαι κελεύει, καὶ νῦν μὲν μόνον, νῦν δὲ μετὰ δύο, νῦν δὲ μετὰ πλειόνων. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο ἐπὶ μὲν τῶν ἔξωθεν οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον λέγει, ἀλλ', Ἐάν τίς σε ῥαπίσῃ, φησὶν, εἰς τὴν δεξιὰν σιαγόνα, στρέψον αὐτῷ καὶ τὴν ἄλλην: ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐχ οὕτως. Ὅπερ γὰρ ὁ Παῦλός φησι λέγων: Τί μοι καὶ τοὺς ἔξωθεν κρίνειν; τοὺς δὲ ἀδελφοὺς καὶ ἐλέγχειν καὶ ἀποστρέφεσθαι κελεύει, καὶ ἀποτέμνειν μὴ πειθομένους, ἵνα ἐντραπῶσι: τοῦτο καὶ ἐνταῦθα αὐτὸς ποιεῖ, περὶ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ταῦτα νομοθετῶν: καὶ τρεῖς ἐφίστησιν αὐτῷ διδασκάλους καὶ δικαστὰς, διδάσκοντας τὰ κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς μέθης γινόμενα. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ φθεγξάμενος καὶ ποιήσας πάντα ἐκεῖνα τὰ ἄτοπα, ἀλλ' ὅμως ἑτέρων δεῖται τῶν διδαξόντων, καθάπερ οὖν καὶ ὁ μεθύων. Καὶ γὰρ πάσης μέθης θυμὸς καὶ ἁμαρτία ἐκστατικώτερον, καὶ ἐν μείζονι τὴν ψυχὴν καθίστησι παραφροσύνῃ. Τίς γοῦν τοῦ Δαυῒδ συνετώτερος ἦν; Ἀλλ' ὅμως ἁμαρτὼν οὐκ ᾔσθετο, τῆς ἐπιθυμίας τοὺς λογισμοὺς ἅπαντας κατεχούσης, καὶ ὥσπερ τινὸς καπνοῦ πληρούσης αὐτοῦ τὴν ψυχήν. Διὰ τοῦτο ἐδεήθη λύχνου παρὰ τοῦ προφήτου, καὶ ῥημάτων ἀναμιμνησκόντων αὐτὸν ὧν ἔπραξε. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἄγει τούτους πρὸς τὸν ἡμαρτηκότα, διαλεξομένους αὐτῷ περὶ ὧν ἔπραξε. βʹ. Διατί δὲ τούτῳ κελεύει ἐλέγξαι, καὶ οὐχ ἑτέρῳ, Ὅτι τοῦτον ἐπιεικέστερον ἂν ἤνεγκε, τὸν ἠδικημένον, τὸν λελυπημένον, τὸν ἐπηρεασμένον. Οὐ γὰρ ὁμοίως τις παρ' ἑτέρου περὶ τοῦ ὑβρισθέντος ἐλεγχόμενος φέρει, καὶ παρ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ ὑβρισμένου, μάλιστα ὅταν μόνος ᾖ διελέγχων αὐτόν. Ὅταν γὰρ ὁ δίκην αὐτὸν ἀπαιτεῖν ὀφείλων, οὗτος καὶ τῆς σωτηρίας φαίνηται ἐπιμελούμενος τῆς αὐτοῦ, μάλιστα πάντων αὐτὸν δυσωπῆσαι δυνήσεται. Ὁρᾷς πῶς οὐ δίκης ἕνεκεν τοῦτο γίνεται, ἀλλὰ διορθώσεως; Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο οὐκ εὐθέως τοὺς δύο κελεύει λαβεῖν, ἀλλ' ὅταν αὐτὸς ἀτονήσῃ: καὶ οὐδὲ τότε ἐπαφίησιν αὐτῷ πλῆθος, ἀλλὰ μέχρι δύο ποιεῖται τὴν προσθήκην, ἢ καὶ ἑνός: ὅταν δὲ καὶ τούτων καταφρονήσῃ, τότε αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν ἐξάγει. Οὕτω πολλὴν ποιεῖται σπουδὴν μὴ ἐκπομπεύεσθαι τὰ τῶν πλησίον ἁμαρτήματα. Καίτοιγε ἠδύνατο ἐξ ἀρχῆς τοῦτο κελεῦσαι: ἀλλ' ἵνα μὴ τοῦτο γίνηται, οὐκ ἐκέλευσεν, ἀλλὰ μετὰ μίαν καὶ δευτέραν παραίνεσιν τοῦτο νομοθετεῖ. Τί δέ ἐστιν, Ἐπὶ στόματος δύο καὶ τριῶν μαρτύρων σταθήσεται πᾶν ῥῆμα; Ἔχεις μαρτυρίαν ἱκανὴν, φησὶν, ὅτι τὸ σαυτοῦ ἅπαν ἐποίησας, ὅτι οὐδὲν ἐνέλιπες τῶν εἰς σὲ ἡκόντων. Ἐὰν δὲ καὶ τούτων παρακούσῃ, εἰπὲ τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ: τουτέστι, τοῖς προεδρεύουσιν. Ἐὰν δὲ καὶ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας παρακούσῃ, ἔστω σοι ὡς ὁ ἐθνικὸς καὶ ὁ τελώνης. Λοιπὸν γὰρ ἀνίατα ὁ τοιοῦτος νοσεῖ. Σὺ δέ μοι σκόπει, πῶς πανταχοῦ τὸν τελώνην εἰς ὑπόδειγμα τῆς μεγίστης τίθησι κακίας. Καὶ γὰρ ἀνωτέρω φησίν: Οὐχὶ καὶ οἱ τελῶναι τὸ αὐτὸ ποιοῦσιν; καὶ προϊὼν πάλιν: Καὶ τελῶναι καὶ πόρναι προάξουσιν ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν: τουτέστιν, οἱ σφόδρα κατεγνωσμένοι καὶ καταδεδικασμένοι. Ἀκουέτωσαν οἱ κέρδεσιν ἐπιπηδῶντες ἀδίκοις, οἱ τοὺς τόκους ἐπὶ τόκοις ἀριθμοῦντες. Διατί δὲ αὐτὸν μετ' ἐκεῖνον ἔταξε; Παραμυθούμενος τὸν ἠδικημένον, καὶ φοβῶν αὐτόν. Τοῦτο οὖν ἡ κόλασις μόνον; Οὐχί: ἀλλ' ἄκουε καὶ τῶν ἑξῆς. Ὃ ἐὰν δήσητε ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται δεδεμένον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπε τῷ προέδρῳ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας, Δῆσον τὸν τοιοῦτον, ἀλλὰ, Ἐὰν δήσῃς, αὐτῷ τῷ λελυπημένῳ τὸ πᾶν ἐπιτρέπων: καὶ ἄλυτα μένει τὰ δεσμά. Οὐκοῦν τὰ ἔσχατα πείσεται δεινά: ἀλλ' οὐχὶ ὁ ἀγαγὼν αἴτιος, ἀλλ' ὁ μὴ θελήσας πεισθῆναι. Εἶδες πῶς αὐτὸν διπλαῖς κατέδησεν ἀνάγκαις, καὶ τῇ ἐντεῦθεν τιμωρίᾳ, καὶ τῇ ἐκεῖ κολάσει; Ταῦτα δὲ ἠπείλησεν, ἵνα μὴ ταῦτα συμβαίνῃ: ἀλλὰ φοβούμενος καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας ἐκβολὴν, καὶ τὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ δεσμοῦ κίνδυνον, καὶ τὸ ἐν οὐρανοῖς δεδέσθαι, ἡμερώτερος γένηται. Καὶ ταῦτα εἰδὼς, εἰ καὶ μὴ ἐκ προοιμίων, ἐν γοῦν τῷ πλήθει τῶν δικαστηρίων ἐκλύσει τὴν ὀργήν. Διά τοι τοῦτο καὶ πρῶτον καὶ δεύτερον καὶ τρίτον ἐπέστησε κριτήριον, καὶ οὐκ εὐθέως ἐξέκοψεν, ἵνα κἂν τοῦ πρώτου παρακούσῃ, τῷ δευτέρῳ εἴξῃ: κἂν ἐκεῖνο διαπτύσῃ, τὸ τρίτον φοβηθῇ: κἂν τούτου μηδένα ποιῆται λόγον, τὴν μέλλουσαν καταπλαγῇ τιμωρίαν, καὶ τὴν παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ ψῆφόν τε καὶ δίκην. Πάλιν δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν, ὅτι ἐὰν δύο συμφωνήσωσιν ἐξ ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, περὶ παντὸς πράγματος οὗ ἐὰν αἰτήσωνται, γενήσεται αὐτοῖς παρὰ τοῦ Πατρός μου τοῦ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς. Οὗ γὰρ ἐὰν ὦσι δύο ἢ τρεῖς συνηγμένοι εἰς τὸ ἐμὸν ὄνομα, ἐκεῖ εἰμι ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν. Ὁρᾷς πῶς καὶ ἑτέρωθεν παραλύει τὰς ἔχθρας, καὶ τὰς μικροψυχίας ἀναιρεῖ, καὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους συνάγει, καὶ οὐκ ἀπὸ τῆς κολάσεως μόνης τῆς εἰρημένης, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀγαθῶν τῶν ἐκ τῆς ἀγάπης; Καὶ γὰρ ἀπειλήσας ἐκεῖνα τῇ φιλονεικίᾳ, τὰ μεγάλα ἐνταῦθα τῆς συμφωνίας τίθησιν ἔπαθλα, εἴγε καὶ τὸν Πατέρα πείθουσιν οἱ συμφωνοῦντες, ὑπὲρ ὧν αἰτοῦσι, καὶ τὸν Χριστὸν ἔχουσιν εἰς τὸ μέσον. Ἆρ' οὖν οὐδαμοῦ εἰσι δύο συμφωνοῦντες; Καὶ πολλαχοῦ μὲν οὖν, τάχα δὲ καὶ πανταχοῦ. Πῶς οὖν οὐ πάντα ἐπιτυγχάνουσιν; Ὅτι πολλαὶ αἱ αἰτίαι τοῦ ἀποτυγχάνειν. Ἢ γὰρ ἀσύμφορα πολλάκις αἰτοῦσι. Καὶ τί θαυμάζεις, εἰ ἕτεροί τινες, ὅπου γε καὶ Παῦλος τοῦτο ἔπαθεν, ἡνίκα ἤκουσεν, Ἀρκεῖ σοι ἡ χάρις μου: ἡ γὰρ δύναμίς μου ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελειοῦται; Ἢ ἀνάξιοι τῶν ταῦτα ἀκηκοότων εἰσὶ, καὶ τὰ παρ' ἑαυτῶν οὐκ εἰσφέρουσιν: αὐτὸς δὲ τοὺς κατ' ἐκείνους ἐπιζητεῖ: διὰ τοῦτό φησιν, Ἐξ ὑμῶν, τῶν ἐναρέτων, τῶν ἀγγελικὴν ἐπιδεικνυμένων πολιτείαν. Ἢ κατὰ τῶν λελυπηκότων εὔχονται, ἐκδικίαν καὶ τιμωρίαν ἐπιζητοῦντες, ὅπερ ἐστὶ κεκωλυμένον: Εὔχεσθε γὰρ, φησὶν, ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐχθρῶν ὑμῶν. Ἢ ἀμετανόητα ἁμαρτάνοντες αἰτοῦσιν ἔλεον, ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἀδύνατον λαβεῖν, οὐ μόνον ἂν αὐτοὶ αἰτῶσιν, ἀλλὰ κἂν ἕτεροι πολλὴν πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν παῤῥησίαν ἔχοντες ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν παρακαλῶσι: καθάπερ καὶ Ἱερεμίας εὐχόμενος ὑπὲρ Ἰουδαίων ἤκουσε: Μὴ προσεύχου περὶ τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου, ὅτι οὐκ εἰσακούσομαί σου. Ἂν δὲ πάντα παρῇ, καὶ τὰ συμφέροντα αἰτῇς, καὶ τὰ παρ' ἑαυτοῦ πάντα εἰσφέρῃς, καὶ βίον παρέχῃς ἀποστολικὸν, καὶ ὁμόνοιαν καὶ ἀγάπην πρὸς τὸν πλησίον ἔχῃς, ἐπιτεύξῃ παρακαλῶν: φιλάνθρωπος γὰρ ὁ Δεσπότης. γʹ. Εἶτα ἐπειδὴ εἶπε, Παρὰ τοῦ Πατρός μου, ἵνα δείξῃ ἑαυτὸν ὄντα τὸν παρέχοντα, καὶ οὐ τὸν γεγεννηκότα μόνον, ἐπήγαγεν: Οὗ γὰρ ἐὰν ὦσι δύο ἢ τρεῖς συνηγμένοι εἰς τὸ ἐμὸν ὄνομα, ἐκεῖ εἰμι ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν. Τί οὖν; οὐκ εἰσὶ δύο ἢ τρεῖς συνηγμένοι εἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ; Εἰσὶ μὲν, σπανίως δέ. Οὐ γὰρ ἁπλῶς τὴν σύνοδον λέγει, οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἐπιζητεῖ μόνον, ἀλλὰ μάλιστα μὲν, ὅπερ καὶ ἔμπροσθεν εἶπον, καὶ τὴν ἄλλην ἀρετὴν μετὰ τούτου: ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ τοῦτο αὐτὸ μετὰ πολλῆς ἀπαιτεῖ τῆς ἀκριβείας. Ὃ γὰρ λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν: Εἴ τις ἐμὲ τῆς πρὸς τὸν πλησίον φιλίας ὑπόθεσιν προηγουμένην ἔχει, μετ' αὐτοῦ ἔσομαι, ἂν καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ἐνάρετος ᾖ. Νυνὶ δὲ τοὺς πλείονας ὁρῶμεν, ἑτέρας ἔχοντας φιλίας ἀφορμάς. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ ὅτι φιλεῖται, φιλεῖ: ὁ δὲ, ὅτι ἐτιμήθη: ὁ δὲ, ὅτι ἐν ἑτέρῳ τινὶ βιωτικῷ πράγματι γέγονεν αὐτῷ χρήσιμος ὁ δεῖνα: ὁ δὲ, δι' ἕτερόν τι τοιοῦτον: διὰ δὲ τὸν Χριστὸν δύσκολόν ἐστιν εὑρεῖν τινα γνησίως καὶ ὡς ἐχρῆν φιλεῖν τὸν πλησίον φιλοῦντα. Οἱ γὰρ πλείους ἀπὸ τῶν βιωτικῶν εἰσι συνδεδεμένοι πραγμάτων ἀλλήλοις. Ἀλλ' οὐχ ὁ Παῦλος οὕτως ἐφίλει, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸν Χριστόν: διὸ καὶ μὴ φιλούμενος οὕτως ὥσπερ ἐφίλει, οὐ κατέλυσε τὴν ἀγάπην, ἐπειδὴ ῥίζαν ἰσχυρὰν κατεβάλετο τοῦ φίλτρου. Ἀλλ' οὐχὶ τὰ νῦν: ἀλλὰ πάντα ἐξετάζοντες εὑρήσομεν παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς φιλίας ποιητικὰ μᾶλλον ἢ τοῦτο. Καὶ εἴ τίς μοι παρέσχεν ἐξουσίαν ἐν τοσούτῳ πλήθει τὴν ἐξέτασιν ποιήσασθαι ταύτην, ἔδειξα ἂν τοὺς πλείονας ἀπὸ τῶν βιωτικῶν προφάσεων ἀλλήλοις συνδεδεμένους. Καὶ δῆλον τοῦτο ἀπὸ τῶν αἰτιῶν τῶν τὴν ἔχθραν ἐργαζομένων. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐπικήρων τούτων εἰσὶν ἀλλήλοις συνημμένοι, διὰ τοῦτο οὔτε θερμοὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους εἰσὶν, οὔτε διηνεκεῖς: ἀλλὰ καὶ ὕβρις, καὶ χρημάτων ζημία, καὶ φθόνος, καὶ κενοδοξίας ἔρως, καὶ πᾶν τοιοῦτον ἐπελθὸν διακόπτει τὸ φίλτρον. Οὐ γὰρ εὑρίσκει τὴν ῥίζαν πνευματικήν. Ὡς εἴγε τοιαύτη ἦν, οὐδὲν ἂν τῶν βιωτικῶν τὰ πνευματικὰ διέλυσεν. Ἡ γὰρ διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν ἀγάπη βεβαία καὶ ἀῤῥαγὴς καὶ ἀνάλωτος, καὶ οὐδὲν αὐτὴν διασπάσαι δυνήσεται: οὐ διαβολαὶ, οὐ κίνδυνοι, οὐ θάνατος, οὐκ ἄλλο τῶν τοιούτων οὐδέν. Κἂν γὰρ μυρία πάθῃ ὁ οὕτω φιλῶν, πρὸς τὴν ὑπόθεσιν τῆς ἀγάπης ὁρῶν οὐκ ἀποστήσεται. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ διὰ τὸ φιλεῖσθαι φιλῶν, κἂν ἀηδές τι πάθῃ, διαλύει τὴν ἀγάπην: ὁ δὲ ἐκεῖθεν συνδεδεμένος οὐδέποτε ἀποστήσεται. Διὸ καὶ Παῦλος ἔλεγεν: Ἡ ἀγάπη οὐδέποτε ἐκπίπτει. Τί γὰρ ἔχεις εἰπεῖν; ὅτι τιμώμενος ὑβρίζει; ὅτι εὐεργετούμενος σφάξαι ἠβουλήθη; Ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦτό σε μᾶλλον φιλεῖν παρασκευάζει, ἂν διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν φιλῇς. Ἃ γάρ ἐστιν ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἀνατρεπτικὰ ἀγάπης, ταῦτα ἐνταῦθα κατασκευαστικὰ γίνεται. Πῶς; Πρῶτον μὲν, ὅτι σοι μισθῶν αἴτιος ὁ τοιοῦτός ἐστι: δεύτερον, ὅτι πλείονος δεῖται βοηθείας ὁ διακείμενος οὕτω, καὶ θεραπείας πολλῆς. Διά τοι τοῦτο ὁ οὕτω φιλῶν οὐ γένος ἐξετάζει, οὐ πατρίδα, οὐ πλοῦτον, οὐ τὴν πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀγάπην, οὐκ ἄλλο τῶν τοιούτων οὐδέν: ἀλλὰ κἂν μισῆται, κἂν ὑβρίζηται, κἂν ἀναιρῆται, μένει φιλῶν ἱκανὴν ἔχων ὑπόθεσιν τοῦ φιλεῖν, τὸν Χριστόν: ὅθεν καὶ ἵσταται πεπηγὼς, βέβαιος, ἀπερίτρεπτος, πρὸς ἐκεῖνον ὁρῶν. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ Χριστὸς οὕτως ἐφίλησε τοὺς ἐχθροὺς, τοὺς ἀγνώμονας, τοὺς ὑβριστὰς, τοὺς βλασφήμους, τοὺς μισοῦντας, τοὺς οὐδὲ ἰδεῖν αὐτὸν θέλοντας, τοὺς ξύλα καὶ λίθους προτιμῶντας αὐτοῦ ἀγαπήσας, καὶ ἀγάπην τὴν ἀνωτάτω, καὶ μεθ' ἣν ἑτέραν οὐκ ἔστιν εὑρεῖν. Μείζονα γὰρ ταύτης ἀγάπην οὐδεὶς ἔχει, φησὶν, ἵνα τις τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ θῇ ὑπὲρ τῶν φίλων αὐτοῦ. Καὶ τοὺς σταυρώσαντας δὲ αὐτὸν, καὶ τοσαῦτα εἰς αὐτὸν ἐμπαροινήσαντας, ὅρα πῶς μένει θεραπεύων. Καὶ γὰρ τῷ Πατρὶ περὶ αὐτῶν διαλέγεται λέγων: Ἄφες αὐτοῖς: οὐ γὰρ οἴδασι τί ποιοῦσι. Καὶ τοὺς μαθητὰς δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἀπέστειλε. Ταύτην τοίνυν καὶ ἡμεῖς τὴν ἀγάπην ζηλώσωμεν, πρὸς ταύτην ἀπίδωμεν, ἵνα μιμηταὶ γενόμενοι τοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ τῶν ἐνταῦθα καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ἐπιτύχωμεν ἀγαθῶν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.