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interpretation. For the Word, having taken this into the week in decades, represents the whole time of the apostles as extending for a period of seventy years, in which the preaching of the new covenant, having been proclaimed not to one, but to many nations, was strengthened throughout the whole inhabited world. And indeed from the histories it is shown that John the disciple of the Lord survived 70 years after His ascension, for the account holds that he remained until the reign of Trajan, and according to this narrative it is clear how in the half of this week in decades sacrifice and libation were taken away, and the so-called abomination of desolation stood in the holy place. The years then from the resurrection of our Savior to the final siege under Vespasian extend for thirty-five years; which would be half of the assigned week. 165 at which time also the seal was set on the complete destruction by fire and the razing of the temple that was formerly sacred and holy; and the phrase, "sacrifice and libation will be taken away," and "upon the temple the abomination of desolations;" which abomination of desolation the oracle declares will remain until the consummation of life, saying, "and until the consummation of time a consummation will be given upon the desolation." But these things we have set forth, summarizing the narrative; it is now time to turn to Isaiah, who alone remains for us from all of the old scripture. 166 BOOK 4. Selections from Isaiah. As we attempt to gather the Prophetic Selections from Isaiah, the only ones remaining for us, we shall anticipate a few things for those who are unbelievingly disposed toward the prophecies for the establishment of the prophets' truth. And indeed, first I shall set forth an argument well observed also by those before us. For they seem to me to have spoken well, that to those under the law of Moses the law itself testifies, that the nations among whom they will live will listen to omens and divinations; but to you, it says, the Lord your God has not given so. and furthermore, the divine word, restraining them from both divination by birds and all meddlesome divination through demons, adds, saying, "The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet from your brothers." Therefore, with these things written for them, but not having come to pass in deed, nor with prophets being present among them, was it possible for them to believe the law, and the word that promised these things, which was so openly and clearly false? Or is it not clear that, being led by the very craving for foreknowledge of future events, they would have despised their own things as having nothing true nor 167 divine, because there were no prophets among them, and as deserters would have gone over to the divinations and oracles of the nations? But in fact they are seen accepting not only Moses, but also many after him as prophets of God, clearly for no other reason than because they had received proof of the divinity in them. For these men not only prophesied to them about things that were to be long afterwards, but also foretold certain immediate and everyday things; for example, about lost donkeys, and about those dangerously ill, whether they would live or not, and about a coming abundance for the people, and about countless other things, which are contained in their histories. which things, if they had not happened in this way, let someone answer, for what reason then did they both consider and call them prophets, or why did they deem their words worthy of scripture? And what is the reason why they handed down their writings to their own children afterwards, as being divine? For to suppose that those who had seen nothing divine nor extraordinary in the men had formed such opinions about them rashly and in vain is the most improbable thing of all. But if someone should go back in thought to those times, what indeed might he think, seeing rustic men and simple in appearance, certain goatherds and shepherds, coming into the midst of the whole nation, and saying certain things as from the person of God, and crying out, "Thus says the Lord," speaking publicly before both kings and all the people with undaunted bearing, and displaying a wisdom beyond human, which also

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ἑρμηνείαν· ταύτην γὰρ εἰς τὴν ἐν δεκάσιν ἑβδομάδα μεταλαβὼν ὁ λόγος παρίστη τὸν σύμπαντα τῶν ἀποστόλων χρόνον εἰς ἑβδομηκονταετίαν συντείνειν, ἐν ᾗ τὸ κήρυγμα τῆς καινῆς διαθήκης οὐκέτι ἑνὶ, ἀλλὰ πολλοῖς ἔθνεσι κηρυχθὲν εἰς πᾶσαν ἐνεδυναμώθη τὴν οἰκουμένην· καὶ γὰρ οὖν ἐκ τῶν ἱστοριῶν δείκνυται Ἰωάννης ὁ τοῦ Κυρίου μαθητὴς μετὰ τὴν ἀνάληψιν αὐτοῦ ἔτεσιν ἐπιβιοὺς οʹ, μέχρι γὰρ τῆς Τραϊανοῦ λόγος ἔχει παραμεῖναι αὐτὸν βασιλείας, κατά τε ταύτην τὴν διήγησιν πρόδηλον ὅπως ἐν τῷ ἡμίσει ταύτης τῆς ἐν δεκάσιν ἑβδομάδος ἤρθη θυσία καὶ σπονδὴ, καὶ τὸ λεγόμενον βδέλυγμα τῆς ἐρημώσεως ἔστη ἐν τόπῳ ἁγίῳ. Τὰ γοὖν ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν ἀναστάσεως ἐπὶ τὴν ὑστάτην κατὰ Οὐεσπασιανὸν πολιορκίαν εἰς ἔτη πέντε καὶ τριάκοντα συντείνει· ἅπερ ἂν γένοιτο τῆς ἀποδοθείσης ἑβδομάδος τὸ ἥμισυ· 165 ὅτε καὶ παντελῆ τὴν διὰ πυρὸς φθορὰν καὶ κατασκαφὴν τοῦ πάλαι ἱεροῦ καὶ ἁγίου νεῶ πεπονθότος ἐπισφράγισμα εἴληφεν· καὶ τὸ, ἀρθήσεται θυσία καὶ σπονδὴ, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ ἱερὸν βδέλυγμα τῶν ἐρημώσεων· ὅπερ βδέλυγμα ἐρημώσεως μέχρι συντελείας βίου παραμεῖναι δηλοῖ τὸ λόγιον, φάσκον, καὶ ἕως συντελείας καιροῦ συντέλεια δοθήσεται ἐπὶ τὴν ἐρήμωσιν. Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν ἐπιτεμόμενοι τὴν διήγησιν παρατεθείμεθα· ὥρα δὲ ἤδη μετελθεῖν καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν Ἡσαΐαν· ὃς μόνος ἀπὸ πασῆς τῆς παλαιᾶς ἡμῖν περιλέλειπται γραφῆς. 166 ΛΟΓΟΣ ∆ʹ. Ψ. Ἡσαΐου. Τὰς ἀπὸ τῶν Ἡσαΐου Προφητικὰς Ἐκλογὰς μόνας ἡμῖν λειπούσας ἀπανθίσασθαι πειρώμενοι, πρὸς τοὺς ἀπίστως περὶ τὰς προφητείας διακειμένους ὀλίγα προδιαληψόμεθα εἰς παράστασιν τῆς τῶν προφητῶν ἀληθείας. Καὶ δὴ πρῶτον καλῶς καὶ τοῖς πρὸ ἡμῶν τετηρημένον παραθήσομαι λογισμόν. Εὖ γοὖν εἰρηκέναι μοι δοκοῦσιν, ὡς ἄρα τοῖς ὑπὸ τὸν Μωσέως νόμον αὐτὸς ὁ νόμος διαμαρτύρεται, ὅτι δὴ τὰ ἔθνη ὧν μεταξὺ πολιτεύσονται κληδόνων καὶ μαντειῶν ἀκούσονται· σοὶ δὲ, φησὶν, οὐχ οὕτως ἔδωκε Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου· καὶ ἔτι γε εἴργων αὐτοὺς ὁ θεῖος λόγος ἔκ τε οἰωνιστικῆς καὶ πάσης τῆς διὰ δαιμόνων περιέργου μαντείας ἐπιφέρει, λέγων, προφήτην ἐκ τῶν ἀδελφῶν σου ἀναστήσει σοι Κύριος ὁ Θεός σου. Ἄρ' οὖν τούτων αὐτοῖς ἀναγεγραμμένων, μὴ ἔργῳ δὲ γενομένων, μὴ δὲ παρόντων αὐτοῖς προφητῶν ἀνδρῶν, δύνατον ἦν αὐτοὺς πιστεύειν τῷ νόμῳ, καὶ τῷ ταῦτα ἐπαγγειλαμένῳ λόγῳ οὕτω προφανῶς καὶ ἐναργῶς ψευδομένῳ, ἢ δῆλον ὅτι ὑπ' αὐτῆς τῆς περὶ τὴν πρόγνωσιν τῶν ἐσομένων λιχνείας ἀγόμενοι κατεφρόνησαν τῶν ἰδίων, ὡς οὐδὲν ἀληθὲς ἐχόντων οὐδὲ 167 θεῖον, διὰ τὸ μὴ εἶναι παρ' αὐτοῖς προφήτας, αὐτόμολοι δὲ ἐπὶ τὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν μαντεῖά τε καὶ χρηστήρια μετήεσαν; Ἀλλὰ γὰρ φαίνονται οὐ μόνον Μωσέα, ἀλλὰ καὶ πλείους μετ' αὐτὸν ὡς Θεοῦ προφήτας προσιέμενοι, οὐκ ἄλλως δῆλον ὅτι ἢ τῷ πείραν τῆς ἐν αὐτοῖς θειότητος εἰληφέναι· οἵδε γὰρ αὐτοῖς οὐ μόνον περὶ τῶν μακροῖς ὕστερον χρόνοις μελλόντων ἔσεσθαι προυθέσπιζον, ἀλλὰ καὶ περί τινων προχείρων καὶ βιωτικῶν προύλεγον· οἷον περὶ ὄνων ἀπολωλυιῶν, καὶ περὶ νοσούντων ἐπισφαλῶς εἰ βιώσονται ἢ μὴ, καὶ περὶ μελλούσης ἔσεσθαι τῷ λαῷ εὐθηνίας, καὶ περὶ ἄλλων μυρίων, ἃ ταῖς κατ' αὐτοὺς ἱστορίαις ἐμφέρεται· ἅπερ εἰ μὴ τοῦτον γεγόνει τὸν τρόπον, ἀποκρινέσθω τίς, τίνι δὴ ποτὲ οὖν λόγῳ προφήτας ἡγοῦντό τε καὶ ἀπεκάλουν, ἢ διὰ τί γραφῆς τοὺς λόγους αὐτῶν ἠξίουν; Τίς δ' ἡ αἰτία, δι' ἣν καὶ τοῖς μετέπειτα παισὶν ἑαυτῶν, ὡς ἂν δὴ θείας, αὐτῶν τὰς γραφὰς παρεδίδοσαν· μηδὲν γάρ τι θεῖον μὴ δὲ παράδοξον ἐν τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἑορακότας εἰκῆ καὶ μάτην οἴεσθαι περὶ αὐτῶν τοιαῦτα διειληφέναι πάντων ἐστὶν ἀπιθανώτατον. Εἰ δ' ἀναδράμοι τίς ἐπὶ τοὺς τότε χρόνους τῇ διανοίᾳ, τί ἄρα ἐπινοήσειεν, ὁρῶν ἄνδρας ἀγροίκους καὶ τὸ σχῆμα λιτοὺς, αἰπολοὺς τινὰς καὶ ποιμένας, εἰς μέσον παντὸς τοῦ ἔθνους παριόντας, καὶ ὡς ἐκ προσώπου τοῦ Θεοῦ τινὰ λέγοντας, καὶ τάδε λέγει Κύριος ἀναβοωμένους, ἐπί τε βασιλέων καὶ παντὸς τοῦ λαοῦ μετὰ παραστήματος ἀκαταπλήκτου δημηγοροῦντας, καὶ σοφίαν ὑπὲρ ἄνθρωπον ἐνδεικνυμένους, τὴν καὶ