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The Emperor Justinian, by enclosing this place with a fortification, checked the plot against the grain supply. These things, then, were accomplished by Emperor Justinian 6.1.5 in this way. But since our account has now brought us to Egypt, which borders Libya, come, let us declare also what things were achieved by him here, since this Emperor, finding all of Libya lying under barbarians, attached it to the rest of the Roman dominion. 6.1.6 The Nile river, flowing from the land of the Indians to Egypt, cuts the land there in two, all the way to the sea. And the land which is split by the stream is also distinguished by the two names on 6.1.7 either side. For the parts on the right of the river have been named Asia, as far as the Phasis in Colchis, which separates both Asia and the land of Europe, or as far as the Cimmerian 6.1.8 straits and the Tanais river. For it is on account of these things that the experts in these matters dispute with one another, as has been shown by me in my account of the wars, when I was describing 6.1.9 the sea called the Euxine. And the parts on the left of the Nile were called Libya, as far as the ocean, which, somewhere toward the setting sun, separates the two continents, sending forth a certain outflow and forming this sea. 6.1.10 Now the whole of the rest of Libya has been allotted sundry other names in its several regions, being named, 6.1.11 as is likely, from those who settled there. That part, however, which extends from the borders of Alexandria as far as the city of Cyrene is in the Pentapolis, and by this one name of 6.1.12 Libya it is called even now. Here there is a city, a day's journey distant from Alexandria, Taposiris by name, where they say 6.1.13 that Osiris, the god of the Egyptians, was buried. In this city the Emperor Justinian built many other things, including the magistrates' quarters and public baths. 6.2.1 But most of this Libya has happened 6.2.2 to be desert, being for the most part neglected. And our Emperor, being vigilant for it with provident mind, so that nothing might befall it from an incursion of the neighboring Maurusii, established two fortresses and guard-posts, one of which they call Paraetonium, and the other is named Antipyrgum, 6.2.3 situated not far from Pentapolis. Pentapolis is distant from Alexandria a journey of twenty days for a lightly-equipped man. 6.2.4 And in this Pentapolis the Emperor Justinian 6.2.5 also fortified the city of Teucheira with a very strong defensive wall. And he rebuilt the circuit-wall of Bernice from its lowest 6.2.6 foundations. There he also built a bath, providing 6.2.7 for the city's needs at public expense. But also in the remote parts of Pentapolis, which are turned toward the south wind, he built strongholds in two monasteries, whose names are Agriolode and Dinarthison; 6.2.8 which lie as forts against the barbarians there, so that they might not make sudden and most stealthy raids into the land of the Romans. 6.2.9 There is a certain city there, Ptolemais by name, which in ancient times had been both prosperous and populous, but as time went on, it was reduced to a small 6.2.10 population by a great lack of water. For the great multitude of its inhabitants, being afflicted by thirst long before, had risen up 6.2.11 from this place and departed wherever was possible for each. But now this emperor, having restored the aqueduct, has given back to the city its former appearance of prosperity. The furthest city of Pentapolis is towards the setting 6.2.12 sun, Boreum by name. There the mountains, both converging towards each other and being blocked by the resulting narrow pass, are so arranged as to shut off 6.2.13 the enemy from the entrances to the country. This city, which was unwalled, the emperor surrounded with a very strong fortification, and for the future he made it most securely safe, together with all the country around it. 6.2.14 And there are two cities somewhere which are inhabited under a single name. 6.2.15 For each was called Augila. These are distant from Boreum a journey of about four days for a lightly-equipped man, being turned from it towards the south wind, and are ancient, with their inhabitants having ancient customs;

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βασιλεὺς Ἰουστινιανὸς τειχίσματι τόνδε τὸν χῶρον περιβαλὼν τὴν ἐπὶ τῷ σίτῳ ἐπιβουλὴν ἀνεχαίτισε. ταῦτα μὲν οὖν Ἰουστινιανῷ βασιλεῖ 6.1.5 ταύτῃ ἐξείργασται. ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ ἐπ' Αἰγύπτου ἡμᾶς ἤγαγε τῆς Λιβύης ὁμόρου τανῦν ὁ λόγος, φέρε δὴ καὶ ὁπόσα διαπέπρακται αὐτῷ ἐνταῦθα δηλώσωμεν, ἐπεὶ καὶ Λιβύην ξύμπασαν ὁ βασιλεὺς οὗτος ὑπὸ βαρβάροις κειμένην εὑρὼν τῇ ἄλλῃ ἐνῆψε Ῥωμαίων ἀρχῇ. 6.1.6 Νεῖλος μὲν ὁ ποταμὸς ἐξ Ἰνδῶν ἐπ' Αἰγύπτου φερόμενος δίχα τέμνει τὴν ἐκείνῃ γῆν ἄχρι ἐς θάλασσαν. ἡ δὲ σχιζομένη τῷ ῥείθρῳ καὶ ὀνόμασι διακέκριται τὸ ἐν6.1.7 θένδε δυοῖν. τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ ποταμοῦ Ἀσία ὠνόμασται μέχρι που ἐς Φᾶσιν τὸν Κόλχον, ὅσπερ Ἀσίαν τε διορίζει καὶ γῆν τὴν Εὐρώπην, ἢ μέχρι ἐς πορθμεῖα 6.1.8 τὰ Κιμμέρια καὶ ποταμὸν Τάναϊν. τούτων γὰρ δὴ ἕνεκα διαμάχονται πρὸς ἀλλήλους οἱ ταῦτα σοφοί, ᾗπερ ἐν λόγοις μοι τοῖς ὑπὲρ τῶν πολέμων δεδήλωται περιηγου6.1.9 μένῳ τὸν Εὔξεινον καλούμενον πόντον. τὰ δὲ δὴ ἐν ἀριστερᾷ τοῦ Νείλου Λιβύη ἐκλήθη μέχρι ἐς ὠκεανόν, ὅσπερ ἐς δύοντά που τὸν ἥλιον ἑκατέραν ἤπειρον διορίζει, ἐκροήν τε ἀφιείς τινα καὶ θάλασσαν τήνδε ποιούμενος. 6.1.10 ἡ μὲν οὖν ἄλλη Λιβύη ξύμπασα ὀνόματα κατὰ χώραν ἑκάστην ἕτερα ἄττα διακεκλήρωται, ἐκ τῶν ἐκείνῃ ἐπι6.1.11 γενομένων, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, ἐπικληθεῖσα. ἣ μέντοι ἐκ τῶν Ἀλεξανδρείας ὁρίων ἄχρι ἐς πόλιν Κυρήνην διήκουσα ἐπὶ Πενταπόλεώς ἐστιν, ἐπὶ τούτου δὴ μόνου τοῦ ὀνό6.1.12 ματος Λιβύη καὶ νῦν ἐπικέκληται. ἐνταῦθα πόλις ἐστὶν ἡμέρας ὁδῷ Ἀλεξανδρείας διέχουσα, Ταφόσιρις ὄνομα, ἵνα δὴ ταφῆναι τὸν τῶν Αἰγυπτίων θεὸν Ὄσιριν λέγου6.1.13 σιν. ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ πόλει ἄλλα τε πολλὰ καὶ τὰ τῶν ἀρχόντων καταλυτήρια καὶ λουτρῶνας ἐδείματο Ἰουστινιανὸς βασιλεύς. 6.2.1 Ταύτης δὲ τῆς Λιβύης ἔρημα μὲν τὰ πολλὰ τετύ6.2.2 χηκεν εἶναι, ἀπημελημένα ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον. καὶ αὐτῆς δὲ προεγρηγορὼς ὁ καθ' ἡμᾶς βασιλεὺς προμηθεῖ γνώμῃ, ὡς μή τι αὐτῇ παθεῖν ἐξ ἐπιδρομῆς πρὸς Μαυρουσίων τῶν πλησιοχώρων ξυμβαίη, ὀχυρώματά τε δύο καὶ φυλακτήρια κατεστήσατο, ὧν θάτερον μὲν Παρατόνιον ὀνομάζουσιν, Ἀντίπυργον δὲ τὸ ἕτερον ἐπικέκληται, 6.2.3 οὐ πόρρω Πενταπόλεως κείμενον. διέχει δὲ ἡ Πεντάπολις Ἀλεξανδρείας ὁδῷ ἡμερῶν εἴκοσιν εὐζώνῳ ἀνδρί. 6.2.4 ἐν ταύτῃ δὲ τῇ Πενταπόλει καὶ βασιλεὺς Ἰουστινιανὸς 6.2.5 Τεύχειραν τὴν πόλιν ἐρύματι ἐτειχίσατο ἐχυρωτάτῳ. καὶ Βερνίκης τὸν περίβολον ἐκ θεμελίων ἀνῳκοδομήσατο 6.2.6 τῶν ἐσχάτων. οὗ δὴ καὶ βαλανεῖον πεποίηται, δημοσίᾳ 6.2.7 παρεχόμενον τῇ πόλει τὴν χρείαν. ἀλλὰ κἀν ταῖς Πενταπόλεως ἐσχατιαῖς, αἵπερ εἰσὶ τετραμμέναι πρὸς ἄνεμον νότον, ὀχυρώματα ἐν δυοῖν μοναστηρίοιν ἐξείργασται, οἷσπερ Ἀγριολώδη τε καὶ ∆ινάρθισον ὀνόματά ἐστιν· 6.2.8 ἅπερ ἐπιτειχίσματα κεῖται τοῖς ταύτῃ βαρβάροις, τῷ μὴ καταθέοντας ὡς λαθραιότατα ἐπισκήπτειν ἐξαπιναίως ἐς γῆν τὴν Ῥωμαίων. 6.2.9 Ἔστι δέ τις ἐνταῦθα πόλις, Πτολεμαῒς ὄνομα, τὸ μὲν παλαιὸν εὐδαίμων τε γεγενημένη καὶ πολυάνθρωπος, προϊόντος δὲ τοῦ χρόνου ὕδατος ἀπορίᾳ πολλῇ ἐς ὀλιγ6.2.10 ανθρωπίαν ἀποκριθεῖσα. τῶν γὰρ οἰκητόρων ὁ πολὺς ὅμιλος δίψει ἐχόμενοι πολλῷ ἔμπροσθεν ἐνθένδε ἐξανα6.2.11 στάντες ἀπεχώρησαν ὅπῃ ἑκάστῳ δυνατὰ γέγονεν. ἀλλὰ νῦν ὁ βασιλεὺς οὗτος ἀνανεωσάμενος τὴν ὀχεταγωγίαν τῇ πόλει τὸ πρότερον αὐτῇ τῆς εὐδαιμονίας ἀπέδωκε σχῆμα. Πενταπόλεως δὲ πόλις ἐσχάτη ἐστὶ πρὸς δύοντά 6.2.12 που τὸν ἥλιον, Βόρειον ὄνομα. οὗ δὴ τὰ ὄρη συννενευκότα τε πρὸς ἄλληλα, καὶ τῇ ἐνθένδε στενοχωρίᾳ ξυμπεφραγμένα, τῶν ἐπὶ τὴν χώραν εἰσόδων ἀποκεκλεῖσθαι 6.2.13 τοὺς πολεμίους διασκευάζονται. ταύτην ὁ βασιλεὺς τὴν πόλιν ἀτείχιστον οὖσαν ἐρύματι ἐχυρωτάτῳ περιβαλών, ἐν τῷ ἀσφαλεῖ τὸ λοιπὸν βεβαιότατα σὺν πάσῃ τῇ ἀμφ' αὐτὴν χώρᾳ διεπράξατο εἶναι. 6.2.14 Πόλεις δέ πού εἰσι δύο ἐπ' ὀνόματος ἑνὸς ᾠκημέναι. 6.2.15 Αὐγίλα γὰρ ἑκατέρα ἐκλήθη. αὗται τοῦ Βορείου διέχουσιν ὁδῷ τεττάρων ἡμερῶν μάλιστα εὐζώνῳ ἀνδρί, τετραμμέναι μὲν αὐτοῦ πρὸς ἄνεμον νότον, ἀρχαῖαι δὲ οὖσαι καὶ τῶν οἰκητόρων ἀρχαιότροπα τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα ἔχουσαι·