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was occupied with building projects. For he built the greatest of the triclinia of the palace, facing the rising sun, which is also called by his name to this day, being named the Justinianeios. And from that time the people of Hagar without fear invaded the lands of the Romans; and Sabbatios the patrician, who was in charge of Armenia, learning of the emperor’s defeat, went over to the Arabs and handed Armenia over to them. And they did not cease from ravaging all the east and taking Christian people captive. This emperor had a eunuch Stephen, who drew his lineage from barbarians, but was harsh even beyond barbarians and extremely cruel. This man, having very great influence with him, was appointed sacellarius; and he was burdensome to all not only in his tax collections 232 but also indeed in his punishments, and he did not only punish ordinary people, but also laid hands on the very eminent, so that he once even beat the mother of the reigning emperor. And the emperor appointed a certain monk Theodosius, who was previously a recluse, as general logothete, and he was no less wicked than the eunuch Stephen. Therefore, with many terrible things having been inflicted by them upon the state, Justinian seemed hateful to all. For instance, he imprisoned the general Leontios for two years on suspicion of aspiring to the throne, and later releasing him, made him general of Hellas. But he said to a certain monk Paul, who practiced astrology and had prophesied the throne for him, "I am already departing for Hellas; and I know that the emperor will send men to kill me after me. And the things you foretold me are gone." But he said, "Do not be a coward, but attempt the deed, and you will not miss your desire." So Leontios, taking those whom he trusted and breaking open the public prisons, brought out the prisoners, who formed a great crowd, who, going into the great precinct of God, with many others also streaming in, 233 were reviling Justinian, and acclaiming Leontios, with the cooperation of Kallinikos the patriarch. And from there, moving to the horse-racing theatre, they did the same things, and bringing Justinian out of the palace, at the Sphendone they slit his nose and sent him into exile in Cherson, after he had held the throne for sixteen years. And seizing the eunuch Stephen, that is the sacellarius, and the monk Theodosios the general logothete, and tying ropes to their feet, they dragged them through the agora to the Bous and burned them. When these things had happened, Leontios took power, in whose time the Arabs, overrunning the Roman lands, took many captives, and then they also brought Africa under their control. Therefore, upon learning this, the emperor Leontios sent one of the patricians, John, an energetic man, with the entire fleet to recover Africa for Roman rule; who, having routed the Arabs there in battle, freed Africa from them and wintered there, having written of his deeds to the emperor and awaiting orders on what was to be done. But the 234 protosymboulos of the Hagarenes (for so they called their leaders), learning what had happened concerning Africa and considering the loss of it a terrible thing, prepares a very large fleet and sends it to recall Africa again. The said patrician John, not being strong enough to fight a naval battle against it, departed from the harbor and was returning to the emperor, to ask for more forces. And when the Roman fleet was at Crete, the leaders of the people, on the one hand considering it a shame to have withdrawn from Africa, having yielded it to the enemy, and on the other hand also fearing the emperor's wrath, persuade the navy to turn to revolt and to denounce Leontios, and to acclaim as emperor Apsimar, who was droungarios of the Kibyrrhaiots, whom they immediately renamed Tiberius. He therefore, arriving at Byzantium with the fleet, moored the ships at Sycae. But Leontios had taken care for the defense of the city. But some of the

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οἰκοδομαῖς προσησχόλητο. οὗτος γὰρ τὸν μέγιστον τῶν πρὸς ἀνίσχοντα ἥλιον βασιλείων ᾠκοδόμησε τρίκλινον, ὃς καὶ τῇ αὐτοῦ καλεῖται κλήσει μέχρι τοῦ νῦν λεγόμενος Ἰουστινιάνειος. οἱ δὲ τῆς Ἄγαρ ἀδεῶς ἐξ ἐκείνου ταῖς τῶν Ῥωμαίων χώραις ἐπέβαινον· καὶ ὁ τῆς Ἀρμενίας ἐπιστατῶν Σαββάτιος ὁ πατρίκιος τὴν ἧτταν τοῦ βασιλέως μαθὼν τοῖς Ἄραψι προσεχώρησε καὶ τὴν Ἀρμενίαν αὐτοῖς παραδέδωκε. καὶ οὐκ ἐπαύοντο ἅπασαν τὴν ἑῴαν δῃοῦντες καὶ τοὺς χριστωνύμους αἰχμαλωτίζοντες. Ἦν δὲ τῷ βασιλεῖ τούτῳ ἐκτομίας Στέφανος, τὸ μὲν γένος ἐκ βαρβάρων ἕλκων, ἀπηνὴς δὲ καὶ ὑπὲρ βαρβάρους καὶ λίαν ὠμότατος. οὗτος παρ' αὐτῷ πλεῖστα δεδυνημένος καὶ σακελλάριος προεβλήθη· καὶ βαρὺς ἦν ἅπασιν οὐκ ἐν εἰσπράξεσι 232 μόνον, ἀλλὰ μέντοι καὶ ἐν κολάσεσι, καὶ οὐ τοὺς τυχόντας μόνον ἐκόλαζεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ὑπερλίαν ἥπτετο, ὡς καὶ αὐτὴν τυπτῆσαί ποτε τὴν μητέρα τοῦ βασιλεύοντος. καί τινα δὲ μοναχὸν Θεοδόσιον, ἔγκλειστον πρὶν ὄντα, γενικὸν ὁ βασιλεὺς προεβάλετο, καὶ ἦν οὐδ' οὗτος ἥττων εἰς κακίαν τοῦ ἐκτομίου Στεφάνου. πολλῶν οὖν παρ' αὐτῶν δεινῶν ἐπενηνεγμένων τῷ πολιτεύματι, μισητὸς ἅπασιν ὁ Ἰουστινιανὸς ἔδοξε. τὸν γοῦν στρατηγὸν Λεόντιον ἐξ ὑπονοία τοῦ τῆς βασιλείας ἐφίεσθαι καθείρξας ἐπὶ δύο ἐνιαυτούς, ὕστερον ἐκβαλὼν στρατηγὸν Ἑλλάδος ἐποίησεν. ὁ δὲ Παύλῳ τινὶ μοναχῷ ἀστρολογίαν μετιόντι καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν χρησμοδοτοῦντι αὐτῷ φησιν ὡς "ἐγὼ ἤδη ἄπειμι πρὸς Ἑλλάδα· οἶδα δὲ ὅτι ὁ βασιλεὺς στελεῖ τοὺς ἀναιρήσοντάς με ὀπίσω μου. ἃ δὲ σύ μοι προύλεγες, οἴχονται." ὁ δὲ "μὴ δειλανδρήσῃς" ἔφη, "ἀλλ' ἐπιχείρησον τῇ πράξει, καὶ οὐκ ἀστοχήσεις τοῦ ἐφετοῦ." παραλαβὼν οὖν ὁ Λεόντιος τοὺς οἷς ἐθάρρει καὶ τὰς δημοσίας διαρρήξας εἱρκτὰς τοὺς καθειργμένους ἐξήγαγεν, εἰς πλῆθος περιισταμένους πολύ, οἳ καὶ εἰς τὸ μέγα παρελθόντες τέμενος τοῦ θεοῦ, πολλῶν καὶ ἄλλων συνεισ233 ρυέντων, ὕβριζον μὲν τὸν Ἰουστινιανόν, εὐφήμουν δὲ τὸν Λεόντιον, συνεργοῦντος καὶ Καλλινίκου τοῦ πατριάρχου. ἐκεῖθεν δ' εἰς τὸ ἱππήλατον μεταχωρήσαντες θέατρον τὰ ὅμοια διεπράττοντο, καὶ τὸν Ἰουστινιανὸν τῶν ἀνακτόρων ἐξαγαγόντες κατὰ τὴν Σφενδόνην ἐρρινοτόμησαν καὶ εἰς Χερσῶνα ἔθεντο ὑπερόριον, ἐνιαυτοὺς ἑξκαίδεκα τῆς βασιλείας κρατήσαντα. τὸν δ' ἐκτομίαν Στέφανον, τὸν σακελλάριον δηλαδή, καὶ τὸν μοναχὸν Θεοδόσιον τὸν γενικὸν συλλαβόμενοι καὶ σχοίνους ἐξάψαντες τῶν ποδῶν αὐτῶν, σύροντες διὰ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὸν Βοῦν ἀπήγαγον καὶ κατέκαυσαν. Τούτων δὲ γενομένων ὁ Λεόντιος τῆς βασιλείας ἐκράτησεν, ἐφ' οὗ οἱ Ἄραβες τὰς Ῥωμαϊκὰς κατατρέχοντες χώρας πολλοὺς αἰχμαλώτους ἐλάμβανον, εἶτα καὶ τὴν Ἀφρικὴν ὑφ' ἑαυτοὺς ἐποιήσαντο. στέλλει τοίνυν τοῦτο μαθὼν ὁ βασιλεὺς Λεόντιος ἕνα τῶν πατρικίων Ἰωάννην, ἄνδρα δραστήριον, μετὰ τοῦ στόλου παντὸς τῇ Ῥωμαίων ἡγεμονίᾳ τὴν Ἀφρικὴν ἀνασώσασθαι· ὃς καὶ πολέμῳ τοὺς ἐκεῖ τρεψάμενος Ἄραβας τὴν Ἀφρικὴν αὐτῶν ἠλευθέρωσε κἀκεῖ παρεχείμασε, γράψας τὰ πεπραγμένα τῷ βασιλεῖ καὶ τὸ ποιητέον ἀναμένων ἐπιταγῆναι αὐτῷ. ὁ δὲ τῶν 234 Ἀγαρηνῶν πρωτοσύμβουλος (οὕτω γὰρ ἐκάλουν τοὺς σφῶν προεξάρχοντας) τὰ κατὰ τὴν Ἀφρικὴν συμβεβηκότα μαθὼν καὶ ἐν δεινῷ τὴν ἐκ ταύτης ποιούμενος ἔκπτωσιν, στόλον ἑτοιμάζει βαρύτατον καὶ στέλλει αὖθις τὴν Ἀφρικὴν ἀνακαλεσόμενος. πρὸς ὃν ὁ ῥηθεὶς πατρίκιος Ἰωάννης ναυμαχῆσαι μὴ ἐξαρκῶν τοῦ λιμένος ἐξέστη καὶ ἐπανήρχετο πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα, αἰτήσων πλείονα δύναμιν. γενομένου δὲ κατὰ τὴν Κρήτην τοῦ Ῥωμαϊκοῦ στόλου, οἱ τοῦ λαοῦ προϊστάμενοι, πῇ μὲν δι' αἰσχύνης ποιούμενοι τὸ ὑποχωρῆσαι τῆς Ἀφρικῆς τοῖς πολεμίοις ταύτης παραχωρήσαντες, πῇ δὲ καὶ δεδοικότες τὴν τοῦ βασιλέως ὀργήν, πείθουσι τὸ ναυτικὸν εἰς ἀποστασίαν ἐκκλῖναι καὶ δυσφημῆσαι τὸν Λεόντιον, εὐφημῆσαι δὲ βασιλικῶς τὸν Ἀψίμαρον τῶν Κιβυρραιωτῶν ὄντα δρουγγάριον, ὃν αὐτίκα καὶ Τιβέριον μετωνόμασαν. οὗτος οὖν ἅμα τῷ στόλῳ καταλαβὼν τὸ Βυζάντιον ἐν Συκαῖς τὰ σκάφη προσώρμισεν. ὁ δέ γε Λεόντιος τὴν τῆς πόλεως φυλακὴν διὰ φροντίδος πεποίητο. ἀλλά τινες τῶν