Homily LXII.

John xi. 1, 2

“Now a certain man was sick, named Lazarus, of Bethany, of the town of Mary and her sister Martha. It was that Mary which anointed the Lord with ointment.”1662   [“and wiped His feet with her hair, whose brother Lazarus was sick.”] N.T.

[1.] Many men, when they see any of those who are pleasing to God suffering anything terrible, as, for instance, having fallen into sickness, or poverty, and any other the like, are offended, not knowing that to those especially dear to God it belongeth to endure these things; since Lazarus also was one of the friends of Christ, and was sick. This at least they who sent said, “Behold, he whom Thou lovest is sick.” But let us consider the passage from the beginning. “A certain man,” It saith, “was sick, Lazarus of Bethany.” Not without a cause nor by chance hath the writer mentioned whence Lazarus was, but for a reason which he will afterwards tell us. At present let us keep to the passage before us. He also for our advantage informeth us who were Lazarus’ sisters; and, moreover, what Mary had more (than the other), going on to say, “It was that Mary which anointed the Lord with ointment.” Here some doubting1663   al. “make a question.” say, “How did the Lord endure that a woman should do this?” In the first place then it is necessary to understand, that this is not the harlot mentioned in Matthew ( Matt. xxvi. 7 ), or the one in Luke ( Luke vii. 37 ), but a different person; they were harlots full of many vices, but she was both grave and earnest; for she showed her earnestness about the entertainment of Christ. The Evangelist also means to show, that the sisters too loved Him, yet He allowed Lazarus to die. But why did they not, like the centurion and the nobleman, leave their sick brother, and come to Christ, instead of sending? They were very confident in Christ, and had towards Him a strong familiar feeling. Besides, they were weak women, and oppressed with grief; for that they acted not in this way as thinking slightly of Him, they afterwards showed. It is then clear, that this Mary was not the harlot. “But wherefore,” saith some one, “did Christ admit that harlot?” That He might put away her iniquity; that He might show His lovingkindness; that thou mightest learn that there is no malady which prevaileth over His goodness. Look not therefore at this only, that He received her, but consider the other point also, how He changed her. But, (to return,) why doth the Evangelist relate this history to us? Or rather, what doth he desire to show us by saying,

Ver. 5.1664   Transposed. “Jesus loved Martha, and her sister, and Lazarus.”

That we should never be discontented or vexed if any sickness happen to good men, and such as are dear to God.

Ver. 3.1665   “Therefore his sisters sent unto Him, saying,” &c., N.T. “Behold, he whom thou lovest is sick.”

They desired to draw on Christ to pity, for they still gave heed to Him as to a man. This is plain from what they say, “If thou hadst been here, he1666   “our brother,” N.T. had not died,” and from their saying, not, “Behold, Lazarus is sick,” but “Behold, he whom thou lovest is sick.” What then said Christ?

Ver. 4. “This sickness is not unto death, but for the glory of God, that the Son of God might be glorified thereby.”

Observe how He again asserteth that His glory and the Father’s is One; for after saying “of God,” He hath added, “that the Son of God might be glorified.”

“This sickness is not unto death.” Since He intended to tarry two days where He was, He for the present sendeth away the messengers with this answer. Wherefore we must admire Lazarus’ sisters, that after hearing that the sickness was “not unto death,” and yet seeing him dead, they were not offended, although the event had been directly contrary. But even so they came to Him,1667   al. “to the Lord.” and did not think that He had spoken falsely.

The expression “that” in this passage denotes not cause, but consequence; the sickness happened from other causes, but He used it for the glory of God.

Ver. 6. “And having said this, He tarried two days.”1668   v. 6. “When He had heard therefore that he was sick, He abode two days still in the same place where He was.” N.T.

Wherefore tarried He? That Lazarus might breathe his last, and be buried; that none might be able to assert that He restored him when not yet dead, saying that it was a lethargy, a fainting, a fit,1669   καταγωγἡ but not death. On this account He tarried so long, that corruption began, and they said, “He now stinketh.”

Ver. 7. “Then saith He to his disciples, Let us go into Judea.”1670   [“again”] N.T.

Why, when He never in other places told them beforehand where He was going, doth He tell them here? They had been greatly terrified, and since they were in this way disposed, He forewarneth them, that the suddenness might not trouble them. What then say the disciples?

Ver. 8. “The Jews of late sought to stone Thee, and goest Thou thither again?”

They therefore had feared for Him also, but for the more part rather for themselves; for they were not yet perfect. So Thomas, shaking with fear, said, “Let us go, that we also may die with Him” ( ver. 16 ), because Thomas was weaker and more unbelieving1671   al. “more cowardly.” than the rest. But see how Jesus encourageth them by what He saith.

Ver. 9. “Are there not twelve hours of the day?”1672    ver. 9, 10. “If any man walk in the day, he stumbleth not, because he seeth the light of this world. But if a man walk in the night, he stumbleth, because there is no light in him.” N.T.

He either saith this,1673   al. “and this He said desiring to show.” that “he who is conscious to himself of no evil, shall suffer nothing dreadful; only he that doeth evil shall suffer, so that we need not fear, because we have done nothing worthy of death”; or else that, “he who ‘seeth the light of this world’ is1674   al. “shall be.” in safety; and if he that seeth the light of this world is in safety, much more he that is with Me, if he separate not himself from Me.” Having encouraged them by these words, He addeth, that the cause of their going thither was pressing, and showeth them that they were about to go not unto Jerusalem, but unto Bethany.

Ver. 11, 12. “Our friend Lazarus,” He saith, “sleepeth, but I go that I may awake him out of sleep.”

That is, “I go not for the same purpose as before, again to reason and contend with the Jews, but to awaken our friend.”

Ver. 12. “Then said His disciples, Lord, if he sleep he shall do well.”

This they said not without a cause, but desiring to hinder the going thither. “Sayest Thou,” asks one of them, “that he sleepeth? Then there is no urgent reason for going.” Yet on this account He had said, “Our friend,” to show that the going there was necessary. When therefore their disposition was somewhat reluctant, He said,

[2.] Ver. 14.1675    ver. 13–15. “Howbeit, Jesus spake of his death, but they thought that He had spoken of taking of rest in sleep. Then said Jesus unto them plainly, Lazarus is dead. And I am glad for your sakes that I was not there, to the intent ye may believe; nevertheless, let us go to him.” N.T. “He is dead.”

The former word He spake, desiring to prove that He loved not boasting; but since they understood not, He added, “He is dead.”

Ver. 15. “And I am glad for your sakes.”

Why “for your sakes”? “Because I have forewarned you of his death, not being there, and because when I shall raise him again, there will be no suspicion of deceit.” Seest thou how the disciples were yet imperfect in their disposition, and knew not His power as they ought? and this was caused by interposing terrors, which troubled and disturbed their souls. When He said, “He sleepeth,” He added, “I go to awake him”; but when He said, “He is dead,” He added not, “I go to raise him”; for He would not foretell in words what He was about to establish certainly by works, everywhere teaching us not to be vainglorious, and that we must not make promises without a cause. And if He did thus in the case of the centurion when summoned, (for He said, “I will come and heal him Matt. viii. 7 ,) it was to show the faith of the centurion that He said this. If any one ask, “How did the disciples imagine sleep? How did they not understand that death was meant from His saying, ‘I go to awake him?’ for it was folly if they expected that He would go fifteen stadia to awake him”; we would reply, that they deemed this to be a dark saying, such as He often spake to them.

Now they all feared the attacks of the Jews, but Thomas above the rest; wherefore also he said,

Ver. 16. “Let us go, that we also may die with Him.”

Some say that he desired himself to die; but it is not so; the expression is rather one of cowardice. Yet he was not rebuked, for Christ as yet supported his weakness, but afterwards he became stronger than all, and invincible.1676   ἄ ληπτος For the wonderful thing is this; that we see one who was so weak before the Crucifixion, become after the Crucifixion, and after having believed in the Resurrection, more zealous than any. So great was the power of Christ. The very man who dared not go in company with Christ to Bethany, the same while not seeing Christ ran1677   al. “alone ran.” well nigh through the inhabited world, and dwelt in the midst of nations that were full of murder, and desirous to kill him.

But if Bethany was “fifteen furlongs off,” which is two miles, how was Lazarus “dead four days”?1678    ver. 17. “Then when Jesus came, He found that he had lain in the grave four days already.” Jesus tarried two days, on the day before those two one had come with the message,1679   i.e. that Lazarus was sick. (on which same day Lazarus died,) then in the course of the fourth day He arrived. He waited to be summoned, and came not uninvited on this account, that no one might suspect what took place; nor did those women who were beloved by Him come themselves, but others were sent.

Ver. 18. “Now Bethany was1680   “nigh unto Jerusalem,” N.T. about fifteen furlongs off.”

Not without cause doth he mention this, but desires to inform us that it was near, and that it was probable on this account that many would be there. He therefore declaring this adds,

Ver. 19. “Many of the Jews came1681   [“To Martha and Mary”] N.T. to comfort them.”1682   [“concerning their brother”] N.T.

But how should they comfort women beloved of Christ, when1683   Ben. has a different reading, with no variety of sense. they had agreed, that if any should confess Christ, he should be put out of the synagogue? It was either because of the grievous nature of the calamity, or that they respected them as of superior birth, or else these who came were not the wicked sort, many at least even of them believed. The Evangelist mentions these circumstances, to prove that Lazarus was really dead.

[3.] But why did not [Martha,] when she went to meet Christ,1684    ver. 20. “Then Martha, when she heard that Jesus was coming, went and met Him, but Mary sat in the house.” take her sister with her? She desired to meet with Him apart, and to tell Him what had taken place. But when He had brought her to good hopes, she went and called Mary, who met Him while her grief was yet at its height. Seest thou how fervent her love was? This is the Mary of whom He said, “Mary hath chosen that good part.” ( Luke x. 42.) “How then,” saith one, “doth Martha appear more zealous?” She was not more zealous, but it was because the other had not yet been informed,1685   al. “had not yet heard.” since Martha was the weaker. For even when she had heard such things from Christ, she yet speaks in a groveling manner, “By this time he stinketh, for he hath been dead four days.” ( Ver. 39.) But Mary, though she had heard nothing, uttered nothing of the kind, but at once believing,1686   al. “but believed, saying.” saith,1687   The words are used by Martha also; but she afterwards implies want of faith.

Ver. 21. “Lord, if Thou hadst been here, my brother had not died.”

See how great is the heavenly wisdom of the women, although their understanding be weak. For when they saw Christ, they did not break out into mourning and wailing and loud crying, as we do when we see any of those we know coming in upon our grief; but straightway they reverence their Teacher. So then both these sisters believed in Christ, but not in a right way; for they did not yet certainly know1688   al. “they know not yet.” either that He was God, or that He did these things by His own power and authority; on both which points He taught them. For they showed their ignorance of the former, by saying, “If thou hadst been here, our brother had not died”; and of the latter, by saying,1689   al. and that they knew not, is manifest from their saying, “If Thou,” &c., and from their adding, “Whatsoever,” &c.

Ver. 22. “Whatsoever1690   “But I know that even now, whatsoever,” &c., N.T. thou wilt ask of God, He will give it thee.”

As though they spoke of some virtuous and approved mortal. But see what Christ saith;

Ver. 23. “Thy brother shall rise again.”

He thus far refuteth the former saying, “Whatsoever thou wilt ask”; for He said not, “I ask,” but what? “Thy brother shall rise again.” To have said, “Woman, thou still lookest below, I need not the help of another, but do all of Myself,” would have been grievous, and a stumblingblock in her way, but to say, “He shall rise again,” was the act of one who chose a middle mode of speech.1691   Ben. “fitly made the saying of a middle character.” And by means of that which follows, He alluded to the points I have mentioned; for when Martha saith,

Ver. 24. “I know that he shall rise again1692   [“in the Resurrection”] N.T. in the last day,” to prove more clearly His authority, He replieth,

Ver. 25. “I am the Resurrection and the Life.”

Showing that He needed no other to help Him, if so be that He Himself is the Life; since if He needed another,1693   al. “other help,” al. “helper.” how could He be “the Resurrection and the Life”? Yet He did not plainly state this, but merely hinted it. But when she saith again, “Whatsoever thou wilt ask,” He replieth,

“He that believeth in Me, though he were dead, yet shall he live.”

Showing that He is the Giver of good things, and that we must ask of Him.

Ver. 26. “And whosoever liveth and believeth in Me, shall never die.”

Observe how He leadeth her mind upward; for to raise Lazarus was not the only thing sought; it was necessary that both she and they who were with her should learn the Resurrection. Wherefore before the raising of the dead He teacheth heavenly wisdom by words. But if He is “the Resurrection,” and “the Life,” He is not confined by place, but, present everywhere, knoweth how to heal. If therefore they had said, as did the centurion, “Speak the word, and my servant shall be healed” ( Matt. viii. 8 ), He would have done so; but since they summoned Him to them, and begged Him to come, He condescendeth in order to raise them from the humble opinion they had formed of Him, and cometh to the place. Still while condescending, He showed that even when absent He had power to heal. On this account also He delayed, for the mercy would not have been appar ent as soon as it was given, had there not been first an ill savor (from the corpse). But how did the woman know that there was to be a Resurrection? They1694   al. “she.” had heard Christ say many things about the Resurrection, yet still she now desired to see Him. And observe how she still lingers below; for after hearing, “I am the Resurrection and the Life,” not even so did she say, “Raise him,” but,

Ver. 27. “I believe that Thou art the Christ, the Son of God.”

What is Christ’s reply? “He that believeth on Me, though he were dead, yet shall he live,”1695   from ver. 25 (here speaking of this death which is common to all.1696   or, “of this death.”) “And whosoever liveth and believeth on Me, shall never die” ( ver. 26 ), signifying that other death. “Since then I am the Resurrection and the Life, be not thou troubled, though thy brother be already dead, but believe, for this is not death.” For a while He comforted her on what had happened; and gave her glimpses of hope, by saying, “He shall rise again,” and, “I am the Resurrection”; and that having risen1697   or, “one who has risen.” again, though he should again die, he shall suffer no harm, so that it needs not to fear this death. What He saith is of this kind: “Neither is this man dead, nor shall ye die.” “Believest thou this?” She saith, “I believe that Thou art the Christ, the Son of God.”

“Which should come into the world.”

The woman seems to me not to understand the saying; she was conscious that it was some great thing, but did not perceive the whole meaning, so that when asked one thing, she answered another. Yet for a while at least she had this gain, that she moderated her grief; such was the power of the words of Christ. On this account Martha went forth first, and Mary followed. For their affection to their Teacher did not allow them strongly to feel their present sorrow; so that the minds of these women were truly wise as well as loving.

[4.] But in our days, among our other evils there is one malady very prevalent among our women; they make a great show in their dirges and wailings, baring1698   al. “making bloody.” their arms, tearing their hair, making furrows down their cheeks. And this they do, some from grief, others from ostentation and rivalry, others from wantonness; and they bare their arms, and this too in the sight of men. Why doest thou, woman? Dost thou strip thyself in unseemly sort, tell me, thou who art a member of Christ, in the midst of the market-place, when men are present there? Dost thou pluck thy hair, and rend thy garments, and wail loudly, 1699   al. “and raise loud wailings, and leap.” and join the dance, and keep throughout a resemblance to Bacchanalian women, and dost thou not think that thou art offending God? What madness is this? Will not the heathen1700   lit. “Greeks.” laugh? Will they not deem our doctrines fables? They will say, “There is no resurrection—the doctrines of the Christians are mockeries, trickery, and contrivance. For their women lament as though there were nothing after this world; they give no heed to the words engraven in their books; all those words are fictions, and these women show that they are so. Since had they believed that he who hath died is not dead, but hath removed to a better life, they would not have mourned him as no longer being, they would not have thus beaten themselves,1701   al. “have been thus inflamed.” they would not have uttered such words as these, full of unbelief, ‘I shall never see thee more, I shall never more regain thee,’ all their religion is a fable, and if the very chief of good things is thus wholly disbelieved by them, much more the other things which are reverenced among them.” The heathen1702   lit. “Greeks.” are not so womanish, among them many have practiced heavenly wisdom; and a woman hearing that her child had fallen in battle, straightway asked, “And in what state are the affairs of the city?” Another truly wise, when being garlanded1703   i.e. about to sacrifice. he heard that his son had fallen for his country, took off the garland, and asked which of the two; then when he had learnt which it was, immediately put the garland on again. Many also gave their sons and their daughters for slaughter in honor of their evil deities; and Lacedæmonian women exhort their sons either to bring back their shield safe from war, or to be brought back dead upon it. Wherefore I am ashamed that the heathen show true wisdom in these matters, and we act unseemly. Those who know nothing about the Resurrection act the part of those who know; and those who know, the part of those who know not. And ofttimes many do through shame of men what they do not for the sake of God. For women of the higher class neither tear1704   al. “loose n.” their hair nor bare their arms; which very thing is a most heavy charge against them, not because they do not strip themselves, but because they act as they do not through piety, but that they may not be thought to disgrace themselves. Is their shame stronger than grief, and the fear of God not stronger? And must not this deserve severest censure? What the rich women do because of their riches, the poor ought to do through fear of God; but at present it is quite the contrary; the rich act wisely through vainglory, the poor through littleness of soul act unseemly. What is worse than this anomaly? We do all for men, all for the things of earth. And these people utter words full of madness and much ridicule. The Lord saith indeed, “Blessed are they that mourn” ( Matt. v. 4 ), speaking of those who mourn1705   al. “bewail.” for their sins; and no one mourneth that kind of mourning, nor careth for a lost soul; but this other we were not bidden to practice, and we practice it.1706   al. “to mourn, and we mourn it.” “What then?” saith some one, “Is it possible being man not to weep?” No, neither do I1707   al. “why, do I.” forbid weeping, but I forbid the beating yourselves, the weeping immoderately.1708   al. “I forbid not to grieve, but I forbid to act unseemly.” I am neither brutal nor cruel. I know that our nature asks1709   or, “is overcome.” and seeks for its friends and daily companions; it cannot but be grieved. As also Christ showed, for He wept over Lazarus. So do thou; weep, but gently, but with decency, but with the fear of God. If so thou weepest, thou dost so not as disbelieving the Resurrection, but as not enduring the separation. Since even over those who are leaving us, and departing to foreign lands, we weep, yet we do this not as despairing.

[5.] And so do thou weep, as if thou wert sending one on his way to another land. These things I say, not as giving a rule of action, but as condescending (to human infirmity). For if the dead man have been a sinner, and one who hath in many things offended God, it behooveth to weep (or rather not to weep only, since that is of no avail to him, but to do what one can to procure1710   al. “give.” some comfort for him by almsgivings and offerings;1711   see Hom. XII. p. 43, and note.) but it behooveth also to rejoice at this, that his wickedness hath been cut short. If he have been righteous, it again1712   al. “more.” behooveth to be glad, that what is his is now placed in security, free from the uncertainty of the future; if young, that he hath been quickly delivered from the common evils of life; if old, that he hath departed after taking to satiety that which is held desirable. But thou, neglecting to consider these things, incitest thy hand-maidens to act as mourners, as if forsooth thou wert honoring the dead, when it is an act of extreme dishonor.1713   al. “folly,” al. “madness.” For honor to the dead is not wailings and lamentings, but hymns and psalmodies and an excellent life. The good man when he departeth, shall depart with angels, though no man be near his remains; but the corrupt, though he have a city to attend his funeral, shall be nothing profited. Wilt thou honor him who is gone? Honor him in another way, by alms-deeds, by acts of beneficence and public service.1714   λειτουργίας What avail the many lamentations? And I have heard also another grievous thing, that many women attract lovers by their sad cries, acquiring by the fervor of their wailings a reputation for affection to their husbands. O devilish purpose! O Satanic invention!1715   al. “thought.” How long are we but dust and ashes, how long but blood and flesh? Look we up to heaven, take we thought of spiritual things.1716   al. “consider the spiritual.” How shall we be able to rebuke the heathen,1717   lit. “Greeks.” how to exhort them, when we do such things? How shall we dispute with them concerning the Resurrection? How about the rest of heavenly wisdom? How shall we ourselves live without fear? Knowest not thou that of grief1718   al. “for of grief.” cometh death? for grief darkening1719   al. “it darkens.” the seeing part of the soul not only hindereth it from perceiving anything that it ought, but also worketh it great mischief. In one way then we offend God, and advantage neither ourselves nor him who is gone; in the other we please God, and gain honor among men. If we sink not down ourselves, He will soon remove the remains of our despondency; if we are discontented, He permitteth us to be given up to grief. If we are thankful, we shall not despond. “But how,” saith some one, “is it possible not to be grieved, when one has lost a son or daughter or wife?” I say not, “not to grieve,” but “not to do so immoderately.” For if we consider that God hath taken away, and that the husband or son which we had was mortal, we shall soon receive comfort. To be discontented is the act of those who seek for something higher than their nature. Thou wast born man, and mortal; why then grievest thou that what is natural hath come to pass? Grievest thou that thou art nourished by eating? Seekest thou to live without this?1720   al. “without meat.” Act thus also in the case of death, and being mortal seek not as yet for immortality. Once for all this thing hath been appointed. Grieve not therefore, nor play the mourner, but submit to laws laid on all alike. Grieve for thy sins; this is good mourning, this is highest wisdom. Let us then mourn for this cause continually, that we may obtain the joy which is there, through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΞΒʹ. Ἦν δέ τις ἀσθενῶν Λάζαρος ἀπὸ Βηθανίας, ἐκ τῆς κώμης Μαρίας καὶ Μάρθας τῆς ἀδελφῆς αὐτῆς. Ἦν δὲ Μαρία ἡ ἀλείψασα τὸν Κύριον μύρῳ. αʹ. Πολλοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὅταν ἴδωσί τινας τῶν ἀρεσκόντων Θεῷ πάσχοντάς τι δεινὸν, οἷον ἢ ἀῤῥωστίᾳ περιπεσόντας, ἢ πενίᾳ, ἢ ἄλλῳ τινὶ τοιούτῳ, σκανδαλίζονται: οὐκ εἰδότες, ὅτι τῶν μάλιστα τῷ Θεῷ φίλων τὸ ταῦτα πάσχειν ἐστίν: ἐπεὶ καὶ ὁ Λάζαρος τῶν φίλων ἦν τοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ ἠσθένει: Τοῦτο γοῦν καὶ οἱ πέμψαντες ἔλεγον: Ἴδε ὃν φιλεῖς ἀσθενεῖ. Ἀλλ' ἴδωμεν ἄνωθεν τὴν περικοπήν. Ἦν τις, φησὶν, ἀσθενῶν Λάζαρος ἀπὸ Βηθανίας. Οὐχ ἁπλῶς οὐδὲ ὡς ἔτυχεν εἶπε πόθεν ἦν ὁ Λάζαρος, ἀλλὰ διά τινα αἰτίαν ἣν μετὰ ταῦτα ἐρεῖ. Τέως δὲ τοῦ προκειμένου ἐχώμεθα. Καὶ τὰς ἀδελφὰς δὲ αὐτοῦ ἡμᾶς διδάσκει χρησίμως: καὶ ἔτι ὃ πλέον εἶχε Μαρία, ἐπάγων καὶ λέγων: Ἦν δὲ Μαρία ἡ ἀλείψασα τὸν Κύριον μύρῳ. Ἐνταῦθά τινες διαποροῦντες, Πῶς, φησὶν, ἠνέσχετο ὁ Χριστὸς γυναικὸς τοιαῦτα ποιούσης; Πρῶτον μὲν οὖν ἐκεῖνο ἀναγκαῖον μαθεῖν, ὅτι οὐχ αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ πόρνη ἡ ἐν τῷ Ματθαίῳ, οὐδὲ ἡ ἐν τῷ Λουκᾷ: ἄλλη γὰρ αὕτη. Ἐκεῖναι μὲν γὰρ πόρναι δή τινες ἦσαν καὶ πολλῶν γέμουσαι κακῶν: αὕτη δὲ καὶ σεμνὴ καὶ σπουδαία. Καὶ γὰρ περὶ τὴν ὑποδοχὴν ἐσπούδαζε τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Δείκνυσι δὲ ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, ὅτι καὶ αἱ ἀδελφαὶ ἐφίλουν αὐτὸν, καὶ ὅμως συνεχώρησε τὸν Λάζαρον ἀποθανεῖν. Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν οὐκ ἐάσασαι τὸν ἀδελφὸν κάμνοντα, ὅπερ ἐποίησεν ὁ ἑκατόνταρχος καὶ ὁ ἄρχων ὁ βασιλικὸς, ἀπῆλθον πρὸς αὐτὸν, ἀλλὰ πέμπουσι; Σφόδρα ἐθάῤῥουν τῷ Χριστῷ, καὶ πολλὴν πρὸς αὐτὸν εἶχον οἰκείωσιν. Ἄλλως δὲ, καὶ γυναῖκες ἦσαν ἀσθενεῖς, καὶ τῷ πένθει κατείχοντο: ἐπεὶ ὅτι οὐ καταφρονοῦσαι τοῦτο ἐποίουν, ὕστερον ἐδήλωσαν. Ὅτι μὲν οὖν οὐκ ἦν αὕτη ἐκείνη, δῆλον. Ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκείνην τίνος ἕνεκεν ἐδέξατο ὁ Χριστὸς, φησίν; Ἵνα λύσῃ τὴν κακίαν: ἵνα δείξῃ τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν: ἵνα μάθῃς, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστι νόσημα νικῶν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἀγαθότητα. Μὴ τοίνυν τοῦτο μόνον ἴδῃς, ὅτι ἐδέξατο, ἀλλὰ κἀκεῖνο σκόπει, πῶς μετέβαλε. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν ἀναμιμνήσκει τῆς ἱστορίας ταύτης ἡμᾶς ὁ εὐαγγελιστής; μᾶλλον δὲ τί διδάξαι βούλεται τῷ λέγειν, Ἠγάπα δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὴν Μάρθαν, καὶ τὴν ἀδελφὴν αὐτῆς, καὶ τὸν Λάζαρον; Μηδέποτε ἀγανακτεῖν μηδὲ δυσχεραίνειν, εἴ τις ἀσθένεια γένοιτο περὶ τοὺς σπουδαίους ἄνδρας καὶ τῷ Θεῷ φίλους. Ἴδε ὃν φιλεῖς, ἀσθενεῖ. Εἰς οἶκτον ἐπισπάσασθαι ἐβούλοντο τὸν Χριστόν. Ἔτι γὰρ ὡς ἀνθρώπῳ προσεῖχον: καὶ δῆλον ἐξ ὧν λέγουσιν: Εἰ ἦς ὧδε, οὐκ ἂν ἀπέθανε: καὶ ἐκ τοῦ μὴ εἰπεῖν, Ἴδε Λάζαρος ἀσθενεῖ, ἀλλ', Ἴδε ὃν φιλεῖς, ἀσθενεῖ. Τί οὖν ὁ Χριστός; Αὕτη ἡ ἀσθένεια οὐκ ἔστι πρὸς θάνατον, ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ τῆς δόξης τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἵνα δοξασθῇ δι' αὐτῆς ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ὅρα πῶς πάλιν μίαν τὴν δόξαν φησὶν αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῦ Πατρός. Εἰπὼν γὰρ, Θεοῦ, ἐπήγαγεν, Ἵνα δοξασθῇ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ. Αὕτη ἡ ἀσθένεια οὐκ ἔστι πρὸς θάνατον. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἔμελλεν ἐκεῖ ἡμέρας δύο μένειν, τέως αὐτοὺς ἀποπέμπεται τοῦτο ἀπαγγέλλοντας. Ἐφ' ᾧ καὶ θαυμάσαι ἔστι τὰς ἀδελφὰς αὐτοῦ, πῶς ἀκούσασαι, ὅτι Οὐκ ἔστι πρὸς θάνατον, καὶ ἰδοῦσαι αὐτὸν ἀποθανόντα, οὐκ ἐσκανδαλίσθησαν, ἀπεναντίας τοῦ πράγματος γενομένου: ἀλλὰ προσῆλθον καὶ οὕτω, καὶ οὐκ ἐνόμισαν αὐτὸν διαψεύσασθαι. Τὸ δὲ, Ἵνα, ἐνταῦθα οὐκ αἰτιολογίας, ἀλλ' ἐκβάσεώς ἐστι. Συνέβη μὲν γὰρ ἑτέρωθεν ἡ ἀῤῥωστία: ἐχρήσατο δὲ αὐτῇ εἰς δόξαν Θεοῦ. Καὶ ταῦτα εἰπὼν, ἔμεινεν ἡμέρας δύο. Τίνος ἕνεκεν ἔμεινεν; Ἵνα ἀποπνεύσῃ, καὶ ταφῇ, ἵνα μηδεὶς ἔχῃ λέγειν, ὅτι οὔπω τελευτήσαντα αὐτὸν ἀνέστησεν: ὅτι κάρος ἦν, ὅτι ἔκλυσις ἦν, ὅτι καταγωγὴ ἦν, καὶ οὐ θάνατος. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ χρόνον τοσοῦτον μένει, ὡς καὶ φθορὰν γενέσθαι, καὶ εἰπεῖν, Ἤδη ὄζει. Εἶτα λέγει τοῖς μαθηταῖς: Ἄγωμεν εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν. Τί δήποτε οὐδαμοῦ προειπὼν ἀλλαχοῦ, ἐνταῦθα προλέγει; Ἐδεδοίκεισαν σφόδρα: καὶ ἐπεὶ ταύτῃ διέκειντο, προλέγει, ἵνα μὴ τὸ ἀθρόον ταράξῃ αὐτούς. Τί δὲ οἱ μαθηταί; Νῦν ἐζήτουν σε Ἰουδαῖοι λιθάσαι, καὶ πάλιν ὑπάγεις ἐκεῖ; Ἐδεδοίκεισαν μὲν οὖν καὶ ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ: τὸ δὲ πλέον, μᾶλλον ὑπὲρ ἑαυτῶν: οὔπω γὰρ ἦσαν ἀπηρτισμένοι. Διὸ καὶ τῷ δέει κατασειόμενος λέγει Θωμᾶς: Ἄγωμεν, ἵνα καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀποθάνωμεν. Ἀσθενέστερος γὰρ τῶν ἄλλων ἦν καὶ ἀπιστότερος. Ἀλλ' ὅρα πῶς αὐτοὺς δι' ὧν φησι παραθαῤῥύνει ὁ Ἰησοῦς. Οὐχὶ δώδεκα ὧραί εἰσι τῆς ἡμέρας; Ἢ τοῦτο τοίνυν φησὶν, ὅτι ὁ μηδὲν ἑαυτῷ συνειδὼς πονηρὸν, οὐδὲν πείσεται δεινόν: ὁ δὲ τὰ φαῦλα πράσσων πείσεται (ὥστε ἡμᾶς οὐ χρὴ δεδοικέναι: οὐδὲν γὰρ ἄξιον θανάτου ἐπράξαμεν): ἢ ὅτι ὁ τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου τούτου βλέπων, ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ ἐστίν. Εἰ δὲ ὁ τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου τούτου βλέπων, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὁ μετ' ἐμοῦ, ἐὰν μὴ ἀποστήσῃ ἑαυτὸν ἐμοῦ. Τούτοις παραθαῤῥύνας, ἐπάγει καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν ἀναγκαίαν τῆς ἀφίξεως τῆς ἐκεῖσε: καὶ δεικνὺς, ὅτι οὐκ εἰς τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα μέλλουσιν ἀπιέναι, ἀλλ' εἰς Βηθανίαν, Λάζαρος ὁ φίλος, φησὶ, κεκοίμηται, καὶ πορεύομαι ἵνα ἐξυπνίσω αὐτόν: τουτέστιν, Οὐκ ἐπὶ τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἄπειμι πάλιν διαλεξόμενος καὶ ὁμόσε χωρήσων τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις, ἀλλὰ τὸν φίλον ἐξυπνίσων τὸν ἡμέτερον. Λέγουσιν οἱ μαθηταί: Κύριε, εἰ κεκοίμηται, σωθήσεται. Τοῦτο δὲ οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἶπον, ἀλλ' ἐγκόψαι βουλόμενοι τὴν ἐκεῖ παρουσίαν. Λέγεις, φησὶν, ὅτι καθεύδει; οὐκοῦν οὐ κατεπείγει τὸ ἀπελθεῖν. Καίτοι αὐτὸς διὰ τοῦτο εἶπεν, ὅτι Ὁ φίλος ἡμῶν, ἵνα δείξῃ ἀναγκαίαν τὴν παρουσίαν. βʹ. Ἐπεὶ οὖν ὀκνηρότερον διέκειντο. τότε λέγει, Ἀπέθανε. Τὸ μὲν οὖν πρότερον, τὸ ἀκόμπαστον παραστῆσαι βουλόμενος, ἔλεγεν: ἐπειδὴ δὲ οὐ συνῆκαν, ἐπάγει: Ἀπέθανε, καὶ χαίρω δι' ὑμᾶς. Τί δήποτε, Δι' ὑμᾶς; Ὅτι προεῖπον οὐκ ὢν ἐκεῖ, καὶ ὅτι ἐπειδὰν ἀναστήσω, οὐδεμία ἔσται ὑποψία. Ὁρᾷς πῶς ἔτι ἀτελέστερον διέκειντο οἱ μαθηταὶ, καὶ οὐκ ᾔδεσαν αὐτοῦ τὴν δύναμιν ὡς ἐχρῆν; Τοῦτο δὲ ἐποίουν οἱ μεταξὺ φόβοι, ταράττοντες αὐτῶν τὰς ψυχὰς καὶ θορυβοῦντες. Καὶ ὅτε μὲν ἔλεγε, Κεκοίμηται, λέγει: Πορεύομαι ἵνα ἐξυπνίσω αὐτόν: ὅτε δὲ εἶπεν, Ἀπέθανεν, οὐκέτι προσέθηκε, Πορεύομαι ἵνα ἀναστήσω αὐτόν. Οὐ γὰρ ἠβούλετο τοῖς ῥήμασι προλέγειν, ἃ διὰ τῶν ἔργων ἔμελλε βεβαιοῦσθαι, τὸ ἀκενόδοξον πανταχοῦ διδάσκων ἡμᾶς, καὶ τὸ μὴ δεῖν ἁπλῶς ὑπισχνεῖσθαι. Εἰ δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἑκατοντάρχου τοῦτο ἐποίησε παρακληθεὶς (εἶπε γὰρ, Ἐγὼ ἐλθὼν θεραπεύσω αὐτὸν), ἵνα δείξῃ τὴν ἐκείνου πίστιν, τοῦτο εἶπεν. Εἰ δὲ λέγοι τις, Πόθεν ὕπνον ὑπέλαβον οἱ μαθηταὶ, καὶ οὐδὲ ἀπὸ τούτου συνέγνωσαν θάνατον εἶναι, λέγω δὲ τοῦ εἰπεῖν, Πορεύομαι ἵνα ἐξυπνίσω αὐτόν; (καὶ γὰρ ἀνοίας ἦν εἴ γε προσεδόκων στάδια πέντε καὶ δέκα αὐτὸν πορεύεσθαι, ὥστε ἐξυπνίσαι:) ἐκεῖνο ἂν εἴποιμεν, ὅτι ἐνόμιζον τοῦτο αἴνιγμα εἶναι, οἷα πολλὰ διελέγετο. Πάντες μὲν οὖν ἐδεδοίκεισαν τὴν τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἔφοδον, ὑπὲρ δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους ὁ Θωμᾶς: διὸ καὶ ἔλεγεν: Ἄγωμεν, ἵνα καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀποθάνωμεν μετ' αὐτοῦ. Καί τινες μέν φασιν, ὅτι ἐπεθύμει καὶ αὐτὸς ἀποθανεῖν: οὐκ ἔστι δέ: δειλίας γὰρ μᾶλλον τὸ ῥῆμα. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐπετιμήθη. Διεβάσταζε γὰρ αὐτοῦ τὴν ἀσθένειαν ἔτι: ὕστερον μέντοι πάντων ἰσχυρότερος γέγονε καὶ ἄληπτος. Τὸ γοῦν θαυμαστὸν τοῦτό ἐστιν, ὅτι τὸν οὕτως ἀσθενῆ πρὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ μετὰ τὸν σταυρὸν καὶ τὸ πιστεῦσαι τῇ ἀναστάσει θερμότερον πάντων αὐτὸν ὁρῶμεν: τοσαύτη ἡ τοῦ Χριστοῦ δύναμις. Ὁ γὰρ μετὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰς Βηθανίαν μὴ τολμῶν ἀπελθεῖν, οὗτος τὸν Χριστὸν οὐχ ὁρῶν, σχεδὸν τὴν οἰκουμένην διέδραμε, καὶ ἐν μέσοις δήμοις ἐστρέφετο φονῶσι καὶ βουλομένοις αὐτὸν ἀνελεῖν. Εἰ δὲ ἀπὸ δεκαπέντε σταδίων ἦν ἡ Βηθανία, ὅπερ ἐστὶ μίλια δύο, πῶς τεταρταῖος ὁ Λάζαρος; Ἔμεινε δύο, καὶ πρὸ τῶν δύο ἦλθέ τις ἀπαγγέλλων καθ' ἣν καὶ ἐτελεύτησεν: εἶτα κατ' αὐτὴν τὴν τετάρτην ἡμέραν παρεγένετο. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ κληθῆναι ἀνέμεινε, καὶ οὐχὶ αὐτεπάγγελτος ἦλθεν, ἵνα μή τις ὑποπτεύσῃ τὸ γεγονός. Καὶ οὐδὲ αὐταὶ παρεγένοντο αἱ φιλούμεναι, ἀλλὰ ἄλλοι πέμπονται. Ἦν δὲ ἡ Βηθανία ὡς ἀπὸ σταδίων δεκαπέντε. Ἐντεῦθεν δηλοῦται ὅτι πολλοὺς ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων εἰκὸς παρεῖναι. Εὐθέως γοῦν ἐπήγαγεν, ὅτι Ἰουδαίων ἦσαν πολλοὶ παραμυθούμενοι. Πόθεν παρεμυθοῦντο αὐτὰς φιλουμένας ὑπὸ τοῦ Χριστοῦ; καίτοι συνέθεντο, ἐάν τις ὁμολογήσῃ Χριστὸν, ἵνα ἀποσυνάγωγος γένηται; Ἢ διὰ τὴν ἀνάγκην τῆς συμφορᾶς, ἢ ὡς εὐγενεστέρας αἰδούμενοι, ἢ οἱ μὴ πονηροὶ, οὗτοι παρῆσαν: πολλοὶ γοῦν καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐπίστευσαν. Ταῦτα δὲ λέγει ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, πιστούμενος ὅτι τέθνηκε Λάζαρος. Τί δήποτε δὲ οὐ παραλαμβάνει τὴν ἀδελφὴν εἰς ἀπάντησιν ἐρχομένη τοῦ Χριστοῦ; Βούλεται κατ' ἰδίαν αὐτῷ συντυχεῖν, καὶ τὸ γεγονὸς ἀπαγγεῖλαι. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ αὐτὴν εἰς ἐλπίδας χρηστὰς ἤγαγε, τότε ἄπεισι καὶ καλεῖ τὴν Μαρίαν, καὶ ἀπήντησεν αὐτῷ, τοῦ πένθους ἀκμάζοντος ἔτι. Ὁρᾷς πῶς ζέον τὸ φίλτρον ἦν; Αὕτη ἐστὶ περὶ ἧς ἔλεγε: Μαρία δὲ τὴν ἀγαθὴν μερίδα ἐξελέξατο. Πῶς οὖν αὕτη θερμοτέρα ἐφαίνετο, φησίν; Οὐ θερμοτέρα αὕτη: οὐ γὰρ ἤκουσεν ἐκείνη: ἐπεὶ αὕτη ἀσθενεστέρα ἦν. Ἡ γὰρ ἀκούσασα τοσαῦτα, αὕτη φησὶ πάλιν, Ἤδη ὄζει: τεταρταῖος γάρ ἐστιν. Ἐκείνη δὲ, καίτοι μηδὲν ἀκούσασα, τοιοῦτον οὐδὲν ἐφθέγξατο, ἀλλ' εὐθὺς πιστεύσασα λέγει: Κύριε, εἰ ἦς ὧδε, ὁ ἀδελφός μου οὐκ ἂν ἀπέθανεν. γʹ. Ὁρᾶτε ὅση φιλοσοφία γυναικῶν, εἰ καὶ ἀσθενὴς αὐτῶν ἡ γνώμη; Ἰδοῦσαι γὰρ τὸν Χριστὸν, οὐκ εὐθέως εἰς θρήνους, οὐδὲ εἰς κωκυτοὺς, οὐδὲ ὀλολυγμοὺς ἐκπίπτουσιν: ὅπερ πάσχομεν ἡμεῖς, ἐπειδάν τινας γνωρίμους ἐπεισιόντας ἴδωμεν τῷ πένθει: ἀλλ' εὐθέως τὸν διδάσκαλον θαυμάζουσιν. Ἐπίστευον μὲν οὖν καὶ ἀμφότεραι εἰς τὸν Χριστὸν, ἀλλ' οὐχ ὡς προσῆκεν. Οὔπω γὰρ ἀκριβῶς ἠπίσταντο, οὔτε ὅτι Θεὸς ἦν, οὔτε ὅτι οἰκείᾳ δυνάμει καὶ αὐθεντίᾳ ταῦτα ποιεῖ: ἅπερ ἀμφότερα αὐτὰς ἐδίδαξεν. Ὅτι δὲ οὐκ ᾔδεσαν, δῆλον καὶ ἐκ τοῦ εἰπεῖν, Εἰ ἦς ὧδε, οὐκ ἂν ἀπέθανεν ὁ ἀδελφὸς ἡμῶν: καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ἐπαγαγεῖν, Ὅσα ἂν αἰτήσῃ τὸν Θεὸν, δώσει σοι, ὡς περὶ ἐναρέτου τινὸς καὶ εὐδοκίμου διαλεγόμεναι. Ὅρα δὲ καὶ τί φησιν ὁ Χριστός: Ἀναστήσεται ὁ ἀδελφός σου. Ἐκεῖνο τέως ἀνατρέπει τὸ, Ὅσα ἂν αἰτήσῃ. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, Αἰτῶ: ἀλλὰ τί; Ἀναστήσεται ὁ ἀδελφός σου. Τὸ μὲν οὖν εἰπεῖν, Ὦ γύναι, ἔτι κάτω βλέπεις; οὐ δέομαι βοηθείας ἑτέρας, ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ πάντα ποιῶ, σφόδρα ἦν φορτικὰ, καὶ προσέστη ἂν τῇ γυναικί: νῦν δὲ εἰπὼν, Ἀναστήσεται, μέσον ἐποίησεν ἀναγκαίως τὸν λόγον, καὶ διὰ τῶν ἑξῆς δὲ ταῦτα ἅπερ εἶπον ᾐνίξατο. Εἰπούσης γὰρ, Οἶδα ὅτι ἀναστήσεται ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ, σαφέστερον δεικνὺς αὐτοῦ τὴν αὐθεντίαν, λέγει, Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀνάστασις καὶ ἡ ζωή: δηλῶν, ὅτι οὐ δεῖται ἑτέρου βοηθοῦντος, εἴ γε αὐτός ἐστιν ἡ ζωή. Εἰ δὲ δεῖται ἑτέρου, πῶς ἂν εἴη αὐτὸς ἡ ἀνάστασις καὶ ἡ ζωή; Ἀλλ' οὕτω φανερῶς οὐκ εἶπεν, ᾐνίξατο δὲ αὐτό. Πάλιν δὲ ἐκείνης εἰπούσης, Ὅσα ἂν αἰτήσῃ, αὐτὸς πάλιν λέγει: Ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ, κἂν ἀποθάνῃ, ζήσεται: δεικνὺς, ὅτι αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ χορηγὸς τῶν ἀγαθῶν, καὶ παρ' αὐτοῦ δεῖ αἰτεῖν. Καὶ πᾶς ὁ ζῶν καὶ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ, οὐ μὴ ἀποθάνῃ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα. Ὅρα πῶς αὐτῆς ἀνάγει τὸν νοῦν. Οὐ γὰρ τοῦτο ἦν τὸ ζητούμενον μόνον, τὸ Λάζαρον ἀναστῆσαι, ἀλλ' ἔδει καὶ ταύτην καὶ τοὺς παρόντας μετ' αὐτῆς τὴν ἀνάστασιν μαθεῖν. Διὰ τοῦτο πρὸ τῆς ἀναστάσεως φιλοσοφεῖ διὰ τῶν ῥημάτων. Εἰ δὲ ἡ ἀνάστασις αὐτός ἐστι, καὶ ἡ ζωὴ, οὐ τόπῳ περικλείεται, ἀλλὰ πανταχοῦ παρὼν οἶδεν ἰᾶσθαι. Εἰ μὲν οὖν εἶπαν ὡς ὁ ἑκατοντάρχης, Εἰπὲ λόγῳ, καὶ ἰαθήσεται ὁ παῖς μου, τοῦτο ἂν ἐποίησεν: ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐκάλεσαν αὐτὸν πρὸς ἑαυτὰς, καὶ παραγενέσθαι ἠξίωσαν, τούτου ἕνεκεν συγκάτεισιν, ὥστε αὐτὰς ἀναστῆσαι ἀπὸ τῆς ταπεινότητος τῆς περὶ αὐτὸν, καὶ παραγίνεται κατὰ τὸν τόπον. Ὅμως καὶ συγκατιὼν δείκνυσι καὶ οὕτως, ὅτι καὶ ἀπὼν δύναται θεραπεύειν: διὰ τοῦτο δὴ καὶ βραδύνει. Οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἐφάνη ἡ χάρις εὐθέως δοθεῖσα, εἰ μὴ καὶ ἡ δυσωδία προεχώρησε. Καὶ πόθεν ᾔδει ἡ γυνὴ τὴν μέλλουσαν ἀνάστασιν; Ἤκουσε πολλὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ περὶ ἀναστάσεως λέγοντος, ἀλλ' ὅμως ἐκείνη ἄρτι ἐπεθύμει ἰδεῖν: καὶ ὅρα πῶς κάτω στρέφεται ἔτι. Ἀκούσασα γὰρ, ὅτι Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀνάστασις καὶ ἡ ζωὴ, οὐδὲ οὕτως εἶπεν, Ἀνάστησον αὐτόν: ἀλλὰ τί; Πιστεύω ὅτι σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ. Τί οὖν ὁ Χριστὸς πρὸς αὐτήν; Πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ, κἂν ἀποθάνῃ, ζήσεται (τοῦτον τὸν θάνατον λέγων): καὶ πᾶς ὁ ζῶν καὶ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ, οὐ μὴ ἀποθάνῃ: τὸν θάνατον ἐκεῖνον δηλῶν. Ἐπεὶ οὖν ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀνάστασις, μὴ θορυβηθῇς εἰ καὶ τέθνηκεν ἤδη, ἀλλὰ πίστευε. Οὐ γάρ ἐστι τοῦτο θάνατος. Τέως αὐτὴν ἐπὶ τῷ συμβεβηκότι παρεμυθήσατο, καὶ ἐλπίδας ὑπέφηνε, καὶ τῷ εἰπεῖν, ὅτι Ἀναστήσεται, καὶ τῷ εἰπεῖν, Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀνάστασις: καὶ ὅτι ἀναστὰς, κἂν πάλιν ἀποθάνῃ, οὐδὲν πείσεται. Ὥστε οὐ χρὴ φρίττειν τοῦτον τὸν θάνατον. Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν, ὅτι Οὔτε οὗτος τέθνηκεν, οὔτε ὑμεῖς τεθνήξεσθε. Πιστεύεις τοῦτο; Λέγει ἐκείνη: Πιστεύω ὅτι σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὁ εἰς τὸν κόσμον ἐρχόμενος. Δοκεῖ μοι μὴ συνιέναι τὸ γύναιον τὸ λεχθέν. Ἀλλ' ὅτι μὲν μέγα τι ἦν, συνεῖδεν: οὐ μὴν κατενόησε τὸ πᾶν. Διὰ τοῦτο ἕτερον ἐρωτηθεῖσα, ἕτερον ἀποκρίνεται. Τέως μέντοι ἐκεῖνο ἐκέρδανε, τὸ καταλῦσαι τὸ πένθος. Τοιαύτη γὰρ τῶν τοῦ Χριστοῦ λόγων ἡ δύναμις. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἐκείνη προέφθασε, καὶ αὕτη ἠκολούθησεν. Ἡ γὰρ εἰς τὸν διδάσκαλον εὔνοια τοῦ παρόντος οὐ σφόδρα αἰσθάνεσθαι συνεχώρει. Ὥστε μετὰ τῆς χάριτος, καὶ ἡ γνώμη τῶν γυναικῶν φιλόσοφος ἦν. δʹ. Ἀλλὰ νῦν μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων κακῶν καὶ τοῦτο τῶν γυναικῶν τὸ νόσημα κρατεῖ. Ἐπίδειξιν γὰρ ἐν τοῖς θρήνοις ποιοῦνται καὶ τοῖς κωκυτοῖς, γυμνοῦσαι βραχίονας, σπαράττουσαι τρίχας, χαράδρας ποιοῦσαι κατὰ τῶν παρειῶν. Καὶ τοῦτο ποιοῦσιν, αἱ μὲν ὑπὸ πένθους, αἱ δὲ ὑπὸ ἐπιδείξεως καὶ φιλοτιμίας, αἱ δὲ ὑπὸ ἀσωτίας: καὶ τοὺς βραχίονας γυμνοῦσιν, ἐν ὄψεσι καὶ ταῦτα ἀνδρῶν. Τί ποιεῖς, ὦ γύναι; γυμνοῖς σεαυτὴν ἀσχημόνως, εἰπέ μοι, ἐπὶ μέσης τῆς ἀγορᾶς, τοῦ Χριστοῦ μέλος οὖσα, ἀνδρῶν παρόντων κατὰ τὴν ἀγοράν; καὶ τρίχας τίλλεις, καὶ διασχίζεις ἐσθῆτα, καὶ μέγα κωκύεις, καὶ χορὸν περιιστᾷς, καὶ μαινάδων γυναικῶν εἰκόνα διασώζεις, καὶ οὐχ ἡγῇ τῷ Θεῷ προσκρούειν; Πόσης ταῦτα μανίας; ἆρ' οὐ γελάσονται Ἕλληνες; ἆρ' οὐ μύθους τὰ ἡμέτερα εἶναι νομίσουσιν; Ἐροῦσι γάρ: Οὐκ ἔστιν ἀνάστασις, ἀλλὰ χλεύη τὰ τῶν Χριστιανῶν, ἀπάτη καὶ συσκευή. Καθάπερ γὰρ οὐδενὸς ὄντος μετὰ ταῦτα, οὕτω κωκύουσιν αἱ παρ' αὐτοῖς γυναῖκες: οὐ προσέχουσι τοῖς ῥήμασι τοῖς ἐν τοῖς βιβλίοις αὐτῶν κεχαραγμένοις. Πλάσματα ἐκεῖνα πάντα, καὶ δηλοῦσιν αὐταί. Εἰ γὰρ ἐπίστευον, ὅτι ὁ τετελευτηκὼς οὐ τετελεύτηκεν, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ βελτίονα ζωὴν μετέστη, οὐκ ἂν αὐτὸν ὡς οὐκ ἔτι ὄντα ἐθρήνησαν, οὐκ ἂν οὕτω κατεκόπτοντο, οὐκ ἂν τοιαύτας ἀφῆκαν φωνὰς ἀπιστίας γεμούσας: Οὐκ ἔτι σε ὄψομαι, οὐκ ἔτι σε ἀπολήψομαι. Μῦθος ἅπαντα τὰ παρ' αὐτοῖς. Εἰ δὲ τὸ κεφάλαιον τῶν ἀγαθῶν οὕτω διαπιστεῖται, πολλῷ μᾶλλον καὶ τὰ ἄλλα τὰ παρ' αὐτοῖς σεμνά. Οὐχ οὕτως Ἕλληνες γυναικίζονται: πολλοὶ παρ' αὐτοῖς ἐφιλοσόφησαν. Καὶ ἀκούσασα Ἕλλην γυνὴ περὶ παιδὸς ἐν πολέμῳ πεσόντος, εὐθέως ἤρετο: Τὰ δὲ τῆς πόλεως πῶς διάκειται πράγματα; καὶ ἄλλος φιλόσοφος ἐστεφανωμένος, ἐπειδὴ ἤκουσεν ὅτι ὑπὲρ τῆς πατρίδος ὁ παῖς ἔπεσεν, ἀφελόμενος τὸν στέφανον, καὶ ἐρόμενος ὁπότερος τοῖν δυοῖν, ἐπειδὴ ἔμαθε τὸν πεσόντα, τὸν στέφανον εὐθὺς πάλιν ἐπέθηκε. Πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ υἱεῖς καὶ θυγατέρας ἐπέδωκαν εἰς σφαγὴν, δαίμονας τιμῶντες. Αἱ δὲ Λακωνικαὶ γυναῖκες καὶ παραινοῦσι τοῖς παισὶν, ἢ τὴν ἀσπίδα διασῶσαι ἐκ τοῦ πολέμου, ἢ ἐπ' αὐτῆς ἐνεχθῆναι νεκρόν. Διὰ ταῦτα αἰσχύνομαι ὅτι Ἕλληνες τοιαῦτα φιλοσοφοῦσιν, ἡμεῖς δὲ ἀσχημονοῦμεν. Οἱ περὶ ἀναστάσεως οὐδὲν εἰδότες, τὰ τῶν εἰδότων πράττουσιν: οἱ δὲ εἰδότες, τὰ τῶν ἀγνοούντων. Πολλοὶ καὶ ὃ διὰ Θεὸν οὐ ποιοῦσι, τοῦτο δι' ἀνθρώπων αἰδῶ πράττουσι πολλάκις. Αἱ γὰρ εὐπορώτεραι τῶν γυναικῶν τρίχας οὐ τίλλουσιν, οὐ βραχίονας γυμνοῦσιν: ὃ καὶ αὐτὸ κατηγορίας ἐσχάτης, οὐκ ἐπειδὴ οὐ γυμνοῦσιν, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ οὐ δι' εὐλάβειαν αὐτὸ πράττουσιν, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸ μὴ δόξαι καταισχύνειν ἑαυτάς. Εἶτα αἰδὼς μὲν πένθους κρατεῖ, ὁ δὲ τοῦ Θεοῦ φόβος οὐ κρατεῖ; καὶ πῶς οὐκ ἐσχάτης ταῦτα κατηγορίας ἄξια; Ἐχρῆν οὖν ὃ ποιοῦσιν αἱ πλουτοῦσαι διὰ τὸν πλοῦτον, τὰς πενομένας διὰ τὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ φόβον ποιεῖν. Νῦν δὲ πάντα ἀπεναντίας, κἀκεῖναι διὰ κενοδοξίαν φιλοσοφοῦσι, καὶ αὗται διὰ μικροψυχίαν ἀσχημονοῦσι. Τί ταύτης τῆς ἀνωμαλίας χεῖρον; Πάντα δι' ἀνθρώπους, πάντα διὰ τὰ ἐνταῦθα πράττομεν. Καὶ ῥήματα παραφροσύνης γέμοντα φθέγγονται καὶ πολλοῦ γέλωτος. Καὶ ὁ μὲν Κύριός φησι: Μακάριοι οἱ πενθοῦντες, τοὺς τὰ ἁμαρτήματα πενθοῦντας λέγων: καὶ οὐδεὶς ἐκεῖνο πενθεῖ τὸ πένθος, οὐδὲ φροντίζει τῆς ψυχῆς ἀπολωλυίας: τοῦτο δὲ οὐκ ἐκελεύσθημεν πράττειν, καὶ πράττομεν. Τί οὖν; φησί: καὶ ἄνθρωπον ὄντα ἔνι μὴ δακρύειν; Οὐδὲ ἐγὼ τοῦτο κωλύω, ἀλλὰ κωλύω τὸ κόπτεσθαι, τὸ ἀμέτρως τοῦτο ποιεῖν. Οὐκ εἰμὶ θηριώδης, οὐδὲ ἀπηνής: οἶδα ὅτι ἡ φύσις ἐλέγχεται, καὶ ἐπιζητεῖ τὴν συνήθειαν καὶ τὴν ὁμιλίαν τὴν καθημερινήν. Οὐκ ἔνεστι μὴ λυπεῖσθαι. Τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἔδειξεν: ἐδάκρυσε γὰρ ἐπὶ τοῦ Λαζάρου. Τοῦτο καὶ σὺ ποίησον: δάκρυσον, ἀλλ' ἠρέμα, ἀλλὰ μετὰ εὐσχημοσύνης, ἀλλὰ μετὰ τοῦ φόβου τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ἂν δακρύσῃς οὕτως, οὐχ ὡς τῇ ἀναστάσει διαπιστῶν τοῦτο ποιεῖς, ἀλλ' ὡς οὐ φέρων τὸν χωρισμόν. εʹ. Ἐπεὶ καὶ τοὺς ἀποδημοῦντας καὶ ἀναχωροῦντας δακρύομεν: ἀλλ' οὐ ποιοῦμεν τοῦτο ὡς ἀπογινώσκοντες. Οὕτω καὶ σὺ δάκρυσον, ὡς ἀποδημοῦντα προπέμπων. Ταῦτα οὐ νομοθετῶν λέγω, ἀλλὰ συγκατιών. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἁμαρτωλὸς ὁ τεθνηκὼς, καὶ πολλὰ τῷ Θεῷ προσκεκρουκὼς, δεῖ δακρύειν: μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδὲ δακρύειν μόνον (τοῦτο γὰρ οὐδὲν ὄφελος ἐκείνῳ), ἀλλὰ ποιεῖν τὰ δυνάμενα τινὰ παραμυθίαν αὐτῷ περιποιῆσαι, ἐλεημοσύνας καὶ προσφοράς. Δεῖ δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τούτῳ χαίρειν, ὅτι ἐνεκόπη τὰ τῆς κακίας αὐτῷ. Εἰ δὲ δίκαιος, ἀγάλλεσθαι πλέον ὅτι ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ τὰ ἐκείνου κεῖται, καὶ ἀπήλλακται τῆς τοῦ μέλλοντος ἀδηλίας: ἂν μὲν νέος, ὅτι ταχέως ἀπηλλάγη τῶν ἐν τῷ μέσῳ κακῶν: ἂν δὲ πρεσβύτης, ὅτι ὃ δοκεῖ ποθεινὸν εἶναι, τοῦτο μετὰ κόρου λαβὼν ἀπῆλθε. Σὺ δὲ ταῦτα ἀφεὶς λογίζεσθαι, τὰς θεραπαινίδας κατακόπτεσθαι παρορμᾷς, ὡς δῆθεν τιμῶσα τὸν ἀπελθόντα, ὅπερ ἐσχάτης ἐστὶν ἀτιμίας. Ἡ γὰρ τιμὴ τῷ τετελευτηκότι, οὐ θρῆνοι καὶ οἰμωγαὶ, ἀλλ' ὕμνοι καὶ ψαλμῳδίαι, καὶ βίος ἄριστος. Ἐκεῖνος μὲν γὰρ ἀπελθὼν, μετ' ἀγγέλων ἀπελεύσεται, κἂν μηδεὶς παρατύχῃ τῷ λειψάνῳ: ὁ δὲ διεφθαρμένος, κἂν τὴν πόλιν ἔχῃ προπέμπουσαν, οὐδὲν καρπώσεται. Βούλει τιμῆσαι τὸν ἀπελθόντα; Ἑτέρως τίμησον, ἐλεημοσύνας ποιῶν, εὐεργεσίας, λειτουργίας. Τί τὸ ὄφελος ἀπὸ τῶν πολλῶν ὀδυρμῶν; Ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ ἕτερον ἤκουσα χαλεπόν: ὅτι δὴ πολλαὶ καὶ ἐραστὰς ἐπισπῶνται διὰ τῶν θρήνων, τῇ θερμότητι τῶν κοπετῶν φιλανδρίας δόξαν ἑαυταῖς κατασκευάζουσαι. Ὢ διαβολικῆς ἐπινοίας! ὢ σατανικῆς ἐφευρέσεως! μέχρι πότε γῆ καὶ σποδὸς ἡμεῖς, μέχρι πότε αἷμα καὶ σάρκες; Ἀναβλέψωμεν εἰς τοὺς οὐρανοὺς, λάβωμεν ἔννοιαν τῶν πνευματικῶν. Πῶς Ἕλλησιν ἐπιτιμῆσαι δυνησόμεθα; πῶς παραμυθήσασθαι τοιαῦτα ποιοῦντες; πῶς αὐτοῖς περὶ ἀναστάσεως διαλεξόμεθα; πῶς περὶ τῆς ἄλλης φιλοσοφίας; πῶς αὐτοὶ βιωσόμεθα μετ' ἀδείας; οὐκ οἶδας, ὅτι ἀπὸ λύπης ἐκβαίνει θάνατος; Σκοτίζουσα γὰρ τὸ διορατικὸν τῆς ψυχῆς, οὐ μόνον οὐδὲν ἀφίησιν ἰδεῖν τῶν δεόντων, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολὺ τὸ βλάβος ἐργάζεται. Ἐκείνως μὲν οὖν καὶ τῷ Θεῷ προσκρούομεν, καὶ οὔτε ἑαυτοὺς, οὔτε τὸν ἀπελθόντα ὠφελοῦμεν: οὕτω δὲ καὶ τῷ Θεῷ εὐαρεστοῦμεν, καὶ παρὰ ἀνθρώποις εὐδοκιμοῦμεν. Ἐὰν γὰρ μὴ καταπέσωμεν καὶ αὐτοὶ, ταχέως ἀναιρεῖ τὸ λείψανον τῆς ἀθυμίας: ἐὰν δὲ ἀγανακτῶμεν, ἀφίησιν ἡμᾶς ἐκδότους τῇ λύπη γενέσθαι. Ἐὰν εὐχαριστῶμεν, οὐκ ἀθυμήσομεν. Καὶ πῶς δύναται, φησὶ, μὴ λυπεῖσθαι ὁ υἱὸν ἢ θυγατέρα ἢ γυναῖκα ἀποβαλών; Οὐ λέγω, μὴ λυπεῖσθαι, ἀλλὰ μὴ ἀμέτρως τοῦτο ποιεῖν. Ἐὰν γὰρ ἐννοήσωμεν ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς ἀφείλετο, ὅτι θνητὸν ἔσχομεν ἄνδρα καὶ υἱὸν, ταχέως ληψόμεθα παραμυθίαν. Τὸ γὰρ ἀγανακτεῖν, μεῖζόν τι τῆς φύσεως ἐπιζητούντων ἐστίν. Ἄνθρωπος ἐγεννήθης, καὶ θνητός: τί οὖν ἀλγεῖς, ὅτι τὸ κατὰ φύσιν ἐγένετο; Μὴ ἀλγεῖς ὅτι ἐσθίων τρέφῃ; μὴ ζητεῖς χωρὶς τούτου ζῇν; Οὕτω ποίει καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ θανάτου, καὶ μὴ ζήτει τέως ἀθανασίαν θνητὸς γενόμενος. Ἅπαξ τοῦτο ὡρίσθη. Μὴ τοίνυν ἄλγει, μηδὲ κατακόπτου, ἀλλὰ στέργε τὰ κοινῇ πᾶσι νομοθετηθέντα: ἄλγει δὲ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων. Τοῦτο γὰρ πένθος καλὸν, τοῦτο φιλοσοφία μεγίστη. Οὐκοῦν τοῦτο πενθῶμεν διηνεκῶς, ἵνα τῆς ἐκεῖ χαρᾶς ἐπιτύχωμεν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.