Chapter LX.

To the Greeks, then, I have to say that the Magi, being on familiar terms with evil spirits, and invoking them for such purposes as their knowledge and wishes extend to, bring about such results only as do not appear to exceed the superhuman power and strength of the evil spirits, and of the spells which invoke them, to accomplish; but should some greater manifestation of divinity be made, then the powers of the evil spirits are overthrown, being unable to resist the light of divinity.  It is probable, therefore, that since at the birth of Jesus “a multitude of the heavenly host,” as Luke records, and as I believe, “praised God, saying, Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good-will towards men,” the evil spirits on that account became feeble, and lost their strength, the falsity of their sorcery being manifested, and their power being broken; this overthrow being brought about not only by the angels having visited the terrestrial regions on account of the birth of Jesus, but also by the power of Jesus Himself, and His innate divinity.  The Magi, accordingly, wishing to produce the customary results, which formerly they used to perform by means of certain spells and sorceries, sought to know the reason of their failure, conjecturing the cause to be a great one; and beholding a divine sign in the heaven, they desired to learn its signification.  I am therefore of opinion that, possessing as they did the prophecies of Balaam, which Moses also records, inasmuch as Balaam was celebrated for such predictions, and finding among them the prophecy about the star, and the words, “I shall show him to him, but not now; I deem him happy, although he will not be near,”114    Cf. Num. xxiv. 17 (Septuag.). they conjectured that the man whose appearance had been foretold along with that of the star, had actually come into the world; and having predetermined that he was superior in power to all demons, and to all common appearances and powers, they resolved to offer him homage.  They came, accordingly, to Judea, persuaded that some king had been born; but not knowing over what kingdom he was to reign, and being ignorant also of the place of his birth, bringing gifts, which they offered to him as one whose nature partook, if I may so speak, both of God and of a mortal man,—gold, viz., as to a king; myrrh, as to one who was mortal; and incense, as to a God; and they brought these offerings after they had learned the place of His birth.  But since He was a God, the Saviour of the human race, raised far above all those angels which minister to men, an angel rewarded the piety of the Magi for their worship of Him, by making known to them that they were not to go back to Herod, but to return to their own homes by another way.

Πρὸς μὲν οὖν Ἕλληνας, ὅτι μάγοι δαίμοσιν ὁμι λοῦντες καὶ τούτους ἐφ' ἃ μεμαθήκασι καὶ βούλονται καλοῦντες ποιοῦσι μὲν τὸ τοιοῦτον, ἐφ' ὅσον οὐδὲν θειότερον καὶ ἰσχυρότερον τῶν δαιμόνων καὶ τῆς καλούσης αὐτοὺς ἐπῳδῆς ἐπιφαίνεται ἢ λέγεται· ἐὰν δὲ θειοτέρα τις ἐπιφάνεια γένηται, καθαιροῦνται αἱ τῶν δαιμόνων ἐνέργειαι, μὴ δυνάμεναι ἀντιβλέψαι τῷ τῆς θειότητος φωτί. Εἰκὸς οὖν καὶ κατὰ τὴν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ γένεσιν, ἐπεὶ "πλῆθος στρατιᾶς οὐρανίου", ὡς ὁ Λουκᾶς ἀνέγραψε κἀγὼ πείθομαι, ᾔνεσε τὸν θεὸν καὶ ἔλεγε· "∆όξα ἐν ὑψίστοις θεῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς εἰρήνη, ἐν ἀνθρώποις εὐδοκίᾳ", διὰ τοῦτο οἱ δαίμονες ἠτόνησαν καὶ ἐξησθένησαν, ἐλεγχθείσης αὐτῶν τῆς γοητείας καὶ καταλυθείσης τῆς ἐνεργείας, οὐ μόνον ὑπὸ τῶν ἐπι δημησάντων τῷ περιγείῳ τόπῳ ἀγγέλων διὰ τὴν Ἰησοῦ γένεσιν καθαιρεθέντες ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὸ τῆς ψυχῆς τοῦ Ἰησοῦ καὶ τῆς ἐν αὐτῷ θειότητος. Οἱ τοίνυν μάγοι τὰ συνήθη πράττειν θέλοντες, καὶ μὴ ἀνύοντες, ἅπερ πρότερον διά τινων ἐπῳδῶν καὶ μαγγανειῶν ἐποίουν, ἐζήτησαν τὴν αἰτίαν, μεγάλην αὐτὴν εἶναι τεκμαιρόμενοι, καὶ ἰδόντες θεοσημίαν ἐν οὐρανῷ ἐβούλοντο τὸ σημαινόμενον ἀπ' αὐτῆς ἰδεῖν. ∆οκεῖ μοι οὖν ὅτι ἔχοντες τοῦ Βαλαὰμ ἃς καὶ Μωϋσῆς ἀνέγραψε προφητείας, ὡς καὶ αὐτοῦ περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα γενομένου δεινοῦ, καὶ εὑρόντες ἐκεῖ περὶ τοῦ ἄστρου καὶ τὸ "∆είξω αὐτῷ, καὶ οὐχὶ νῦν· μακαρίζω, καὶ οὐκ ἐγγιεῖ" ἐστο χάσαντο τὸν μετὰ τοῦ ἄστρου προφητευόμενον ἄνθρωπον ἐπιδεδημηκέναι τῷ βίῳ, καὶ ὡς πάντων δαιμόνων καὶ τῶν ἐν ἔθει αὐτοῖς φανταζομένων καὶ ἐνεργούντων κρείττονα προλαβόντες "προσκυνῆσαι" ἠθέλησαν. Ἧκον οὖν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἰουδαίαν, ὅτι μὲν "βασιλεύς" τις γεγέννηται πειθόμενοι, τίνα δὲ βασιλείαν βασιλεύων οὐκ ἐπιστάμενοι καὶ ποῦ γεννηθήσεται γινώσκοντες· φέροντες μὲν "δῶρα", [ἅ], ἵν' οὕτως ὀνομάσω, συνθέτῳ τινὶ ἐκ θεοῦ καὶ ἀνθρώπου θνητοῦ "προσήνεγκαν", σύμβολα μὲν ὡς βασιλεῖ τὸν "χρυσὸν" ὡς δὲ τεθνηξομένῳ τὴν "σμύρναν", ὡς δὲ θεῷ τὸν λιβανωτόν· "προσήνεγκαν" δὲ μαθόντες τὸν τόπον τῆς γενέσεως αὐτοῦ. Ἀλλ' ἐπεὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ ὑπὲρ τοὺς βοηθοῦντας ἀνθρώποις ἀγγέλους ἐνυπάρχων σωτὴρ τοῦ γένους τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἄγγελος ἠμείψατο τὴν τῶν μάγων ἐπὶ τὸ προσκυνῆσαι τὸν Ἰησοῦν εὐσέβειαν, χρηματίσας αὐτοῖς μὴ ἥκειν πρὸς τὸν Ἡρώδην ἀλλ' ἐπανελθεῖν ἄλλῃ ὁδῷ εἰς τὰ οἰκεῖα.