Homily LXV.

Matt. XX. 17-19.

“And Jesus going up to Jerusalem took the twelve disciples apart in the way, and said unto them, Behold, we go up to Jerusalem; and the Son of Man shall be betrayed unto the chief priests and unto the Scribes, and they shall condemn Him to death, and shall deliver Him to the Gentiles to mock, and to scourge, and to crucify Him; and the third day He shall be raised.”

He goeth not up at once to Jerusalem when He is come out of Galilee, but having first wrought miracles, and having stopped the mouths of Pharisees, and having discoursed with His disciples of renouncing possessions: for, “if thou wilt be perfect,” saith He, “sell that thou hast:”2452   Matt. xix. 21.and of virginity, “He that is able to receive, let him receive it:”2453   Matt. xix. 12.and of humility, “For except ye be converted, and become as little children, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of Heaven:”2454   Matt. xviii. 3.and of a recompense of the things here, “For whoso hath forsaken houses, or brethren, or sisters, shall receive an hundredfold in this world:”2455   Matt. xix. 29.and of rewards there, “For he shall also inherit,” it is said, “eternal life:” then He assails the city next, and being on the point of going up, discourses again of His passion. For since it was likely that they, because they were not willing this should come to pass, would forget it, He is continually putting them in remembrance, exercising their mind by the frequency with which He reminded them, and diminishing their pain.

But He speaks with them “apart,” necessarily; for it was not meet that His discourse about these things should be published to the many; neither that it should be spoken plainly, for no advantage arose from this. For if the disciples were confounded at hearing these things, much more the multitude of the people.

What then? was it not told to the people? you may say. It was indeed told to the people also, but not so plainly. For, “Destroy,” saith He, “this Temple, and in three days I will raise it up;”2456   John ii. 19.and, “This generation seeketh after a sign, and there shall no sign be given it, but the sign of Jonas;”2457   Matt. xii. 39.and again, “Yet a little while am I with you, and ye shall seek me, and shall not find me.”2458   John vii. 33, 34.

But to the disciples not so, but as the other things He spake unto them more plainly, so also spake He this too. And for what purpose, if the multitude understood not the force of His sayings, were they spoken at all? That they might learn after these things, that fore-knowing it, He came to His passion, and willing it; not in ignorance, nor by constraint. But to the disciples not for this cause only did He foretell it; but, as I have said, in order that having been exercised by the expectation, they might more easily endure the passion, and that it might not confound them by coming upon them without preparation. So for this cause, while at the beginning He spake of His death only, when they were practised and trained to hear of it, He adds the other circumstances also; as, for instance, that they should deliver Him to the Gentiles, that they should mock and scourge Him; as well on this account, as in order that when they saw the mournful events come to pass, they might expect from this the resurrection also. For He who had not cloaked from them what would give pain, and what seemed to be matter of reproach, would reasonably be believed about good things too.

But mark, I pray thee, how with regard to the time also He orders the thing wisely. For neither at the beginning did He tell them, lest He should disquiet them, neither at the time itself, lest by this again He should confound them; but when they had received sufficient proof of His power, when He had given them promises that were very great concerning life everlasting, then He introduces also what He had to say concerning these things, once and twice and often interweaving it with His miracles and His instructions.

But another evangelist saith, that He brought in the prophets also as witnesses;2459   Luke xviii. 31.and another again saith, that even they themselves understood not His words, but the saying was hid from them, and that they were amazed as they followed Him.2460   Mark x. 32; comp. Mark ix. 32, and Luke xviii. 34.

Surely then, one may say, the benefit of the prediction is taken away. For if they knew not what they were hearing, neither could they look for the event, and not looking for it, neither could they be exercised by their expectations.

But I say another thing also more perplexing than this: If they did not know, how were they sorry. For another saith, they were sorry. If therefore they knew it not, how were they sorry? How did Peter say, “Be it far from Thee. This shall not be unto Thee?”2461   Matt. xvi. 22.

What then may we say? That He should die indeed they knew, albeit they knew not clearly the mystery of the Incarnation.2462   Lit., “economy.” Neither did they know clearly about the resurrection, neither what He was to achieve; and this was hid from them.

For this cause also they felt pain. For some they had known to have been raised again by other persons, but for any one to have raised up himself again, and in such wise to have raised himself as not to die any more, they had never known.

This then they understood not, though often said; nay nor of this self-same death did they clearly know what it was, and how it should come on Him. Wherefore also they were amazed as they followed Him, but not for this cause only; but to me at least He seems even to amaze them by discoursing of His passion.

2. Yet none of these things made them take courage, and this when they were continually hearing about His resurrection. For together with His death this also especially troubled them, to hear that men should “mock and scourge Him,” and the like. For when they considered His miracles, the possessed persons whom He had delivered, the dead whom He had raised, all the other marvellous works which He was doing, and then heard these things, they were amazed, if He who doeth these works is thus to suffer. Therefore they fell even into perplexity, and now believed, now disbelieved, and could not understand His sayings. So far at least were they from understanding clearly what He said, that the sons of Zebedee at the same time came to Him, and spake to Him of precedence. “We desire,” it is said, “that one should sit on Thy right hand, and one on Thy left.”2463   Matt. xx. 21. Comp. Mark x. 37. How then doth this evangelist say, that their mother came to Him? It is probable both things were done. I mean, that they took their mother with them, with the purpose of making their entreaty stronger, and in this way to prevail with Christ.

For in proof that this is true, as I say, and the request was rather theirs, and that being ashamed they put forward their mother, mark how Christ directs His words to them.

But rather let us learn, first, what do they ask, and with what disposition, and whence they were moved to this? Whence then were they moved to this? They saw themselves honored above the rest, and expected from that they should obtain this request also. But what can it be they ask? Hear another evangelist plainly declaring this. For, “Because He was nigh,” it is said, “to Jerusalem, and because they thought the kingdom of God should immediately appear,”2464   Luke xix. 11.they asked these things. For they supposed that this was at the doors, and visible, and that having obtained what they asked, they would undergo none of the painful things. For neither for its own sake only did they seek it, but as though they would also escape the hardships.

Wherefore also Christ in the first place leads them off from these thoughts, commanding them to await slaughter and dangers, and the utmost terrors. For, “Are ye able,” saith He, “to drink of the cup that I drink of?”2465   Matt. xx. 22.

But let no man be troubled at the apostles being in such an imperfect state. For not yet was the cross accomplished, not yet the grace of the Spirit given. But if thou wouldest learn their virtue, notice them after these things, and thou wilt see them superior to every passion. For with this object He reveals their deficiencies, that after these things thou mightest know what manner of men they became by grace.

That then they were asking, in fact, for nothing spiritual, neither had a thought of the kingdom above, is manifest from hence. But let us see also, how they come unto Him, and what they say. “We would,” it is said, “that whatsoever we shall desire of Thee, Thou shouldest do it for us.”2466   Mark x. 35.

And Christ saith to them, “What would ye?”2467   Mark x. 36.not being ignorant, but that He may compel them to answer, and lay open the wound, and so apply the medicine. But they out of shame and confusion of face, because under the influence of a human passion they were come to do this, took Him privately apart from the disciples, and asked Him. For they went before, it is said, so that it might not be observable to them, and so said what they wished. For it was their desire, as I suppose, because they heard, “Ye shall sit on twelve thrones,” to have the first place of these seats. And that they had an advantage over the others, they knew, but they were afraid of Peter, and say, “Command, that one sit on Thy right hand, one on Thy left;” and they urge Him, saying, “Command.”

What then saith He? Showing, that they asked nothing spiritual, neither, if they had known again what they were asking, would they have ventured to ask for so much, He saith, “Ye know not what ye ask,” how great, how marvellous, how surpassing even the powers above. After that He adds, “Are ye able to drink of the cup that I shall drink of, and to be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with?”2468   [The longer reading is here accepted. The R.V. follows a briefer reading here and in verse 23.—R.] Seest thou, how He straightway drew them off from their suspicion, by framing His discourse from the contrary topics? For ye, He saith, talk to me of honor and crowns, but I to you of conflicts and labors. For this is not the season for rewards, neither shall that glory of mine appear now, but the present time is one of slaughter, and wars, and dangers.

And see how by the form of His question, He both urges and attracts them. For He said not, “Are ye able to be slain?” “Are ye able to pour forth your blood?” but how? “Are ye able to drink of the cup?” Then to attract them to it, He saith, “Which I shall drink of,” that by their fellowship with Him in it they might be made more ready.

And a baptism again calls He it; showing that great was the cleansing the world was to have from the things that were being done.

“They say unto Him, We are able.”2469   Matt. xx. 22. Out of their forwardness they straightway undertook it, not knowing even this which they were saying, but looking to hear what they had asked.

What then saith He? “Ye shall drink indeed of my cup, and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with.”2470   Matt. xx. 23. [The latter clause is omitted in the R.V.] Great blessings did He foretell to them. His meaning is, ye shall be counted worthy of martyrdom, and shall suffer these things which I suffer; ye shall close your life by a violent death, and in these things ye shall be partakers with me; “But to sit on my right hand and on my left is not mine to give, but it shall be given to them for whom it is prepared of my Father.”

3. Having first elevated their souls, and made them of a higher character, and having rendered them such as sorrow could not subdue, then He reproves their request.

But what can be this present saying? For indeed there are two points that are subjects of inquiry to many: one, if it be prepared for any to sit on His right hand; and then, if the Lord of all hath not power to bestow it on them for whom it is prepared.

What then is the saying? If we solve the former point, then the second also will be clear to the inquirers. What then is this? No one shall sit on His right hand nor on His left. For that throne is inaccessible to all, I do not say to men only, and saints, and apostles, but even to angels, and archangels, and to all the powers that are on high.

At least Paul puts it as a peculiar privilege of the Only-Begotten, saying, “To which of the angels said He at any time, Sit thou on my right hand?2471   Heb. i. 13. And of the angels He saith, who maketh His angels spirits; but unto the Son, ‘Thy throne, O God.’”2472   Heb. i. 7, 8.

How then saith He, “To sit on my right hand and on my left is not mine to give,” as though there are some that should sit there? Not as though there are; far from it; but He makes answer to the thoughts of them who ask the favor, condescending to their understanding. For neither did they know that lofty throne, and His sitting at the right hand of the Father; how should they, when even the things that were much lower than these, and were daily instilled into them, they understood not? but they sought one thing only, to enjoy the first honors, and to stand before the rest, and that no one should stand before them with Him; even as I have already said before, that, since they heard of twelve thrones, in ignorance what the saying could mean, they asked for the first place.

What therefore Christ saith is this: “Ye shall die indeed for me, and shall be slain for the sake of the gospel, and shall be partakers with me, as far as regards the passion: but this is not sufficient to secure you the enjoyment of the first seat, and to cause that ye should occupy the first place. For if any one else should come, together with the martyrdom, possessed of all the other parts of virtue far more fully than you, not because I love you now, and prefer you to the rest, therefore shall I set aside him that is distinguished by his good works, and give the first honors to you.”

But thus indeed He did not say it, so as not to pain them, but darkly He intimates the self-same thing, saying, “Ye shall drink indeed of my cup, and ye shall be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with; but to sit on my right hand and on my left, this is not mine to give, but it shall be given to those for whom it is prepared.”

But for whom is it prepared? For them who could become distinguished by their works. Therefore He said not, It is not mine to give, but my Father’s, lest any should say that He was too weak, or wanting in vigor for their recompense; but how? It is not mine, but of those for whom it is prepared.

And in order that what I say may be more plain, let us work it on an illustration, and let us suppose there was some master of the games, then that many excellent combatants went down to the contest, and that some two of the combatants that were most nearly connected with the master of the games were to come to him and say, “Cause us to be crowned and proclaimed,” confiding in their good-will and friendship with him; and that he were to say to them, “This is not mine to give, but it shall be given to them for whom it is prepared, by their labors, and their toils;” should we indeed condemn him as powerless? By no means, but we should approve him for his justice, and for having no respect of persons. Like then as we should not say that he did not give the crown from want of vigor, but as not wishing to corrupt the law of the games, nor to disturb the order of justice; in like manner now should I say Christ said this, from every motive to compel them, after the grace of God, to set their hopes of salvation and approval on the proof of their own good works.

Therefore He saith, “For whom it is prepared.” For what, saith He, if others should appear better than you? What, if they should do greater things? For shall ye, because ye have become my disciples, therefore enjoy the first honors, if ye yourselves should not appear worthy of the choice?

For that He Himself hath power over the whole, is manifest from His having the entire judgment. For to Peter too He speaks thus, “I will give thee the keys of the Heavens.”2473   Matt. xvi. 19. [This peculiar reading and rendering is commented on in the note on Homily LIV. 3.—R.] And Paul also makes this clear where he saith, “Henceforth is laid up for me the crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous judge, will give me in that day; and not to me only, but unto all them also which have loved His appearing.”2474   2 Tim. iv. 8. But the appearing was of Christ. But that no one will stand before Paul, is surely clear to every one.

And if He hath expressed these things somewhat obscurely, marvel not. For to lead them on by hidden instruction,2475   οκονομικ.not to be rudely pressing Him without object or cause for the first honors (for from a human passion they felt this), and not wishing to give them pain, by the obscurity He effects both these objects.

“Then were the ten moved with indignation with respect to the two.” Then. When.? When He had reproved them. So long as the judgment was Christ’s, they were not moved with indignation; but seeing them preferred, they were contented, and held their peace, out of reverence and honor to their Master.

And if they were vexed in mind, yet they dared not utter this. And when they had some feeling of human weakness towards Peter, at the time that He gave the didrachmas, they did not give way to anger, but asked only, “Who then is greatest?” But since here the request was the disciples’, they are moved with indignation. And not even here are they straightway moved with indignation, when they asked, but when Christ had reproved them, and had said they should not enjoy the first honors, unless they showed themselves worthy of these.

4. Seest thou how they were all in an imperfect state, when both these were lifting themselves up above the ten, and those envying the two? But, as I said, show me them after these things, and thou wilt see them delivered from all these passions. Hear at least how this same John, he who now came to Him for these things, everywhere gives up the first place to Peter, both in addressing the people, and in working miracles, in the Acts of the Apostles.

And he conceals not Peter’s good deeds, but relates both the confession, which he openly made when all were silent,2476   John vi. 68, 69.and his entering into the tomb,2477   John xx. 6.and puts the apostle before himself. For, because both continued with Him at His crucifixion, taking away the ground of his own commendation, he saith, “That disciple was known unto the high priest.”2478   John xviii. 15.

But James survived not a long time, but from the beginning he was so greatly filled with warmth, and so forsook all the things of men, and mounted up to an height unutterable, as straightway to be slain. Thus, in all respects, they after these things became excellent.2479   ἄκροι.

But then, “they were moved with indignation.” What then saith Christ? “He called them unto Him, and said, The princes of the Gentiles exercise dominion over them.”2480   Matt. xx. 25. [“Ye know that” omitted.] For, as they were disturbed and troubled, He soothes them by His call before His word, and by drawing them near Him. For the two having separated themselves from the company of the ten, had stood nearer Him, pleading their own interests. Therefore He brings near Him these also, by this very act, and by exposing and revealing it before the rest, soothing the passion both of the one and of the other.

And not as before, so now also doth He check them. For whereas before He brings little children into the midst, and commands to imitate their simplicity and lowliness; here He reproves them in a sharper way from the contrary side, saying, “The princes of the Gentiles exercise dominion2481   [R.V., “lord it.”]over them, and their great ones exercise authority upon them, but it shall not be so among you;2482   [The form of this clause in Greek differs from that of all our New Testament mss.—R.]but he that will be great among you, let this man be minister to all; and he that will be first, let him be last of all;”2483   Matt. xx. 25–27. [The variations in text, especially in verse 27, are peculiar; compare with the A.V. and R.V.—R.]showing that such a feeling as this is that of heathens, I mean, to love the first place. For the passion is tyrannical, and is continually hindering even great men; therefore also it needs a severer stripe. Whence He too strikes deeper into them, by comparison with the Gentiles shaming their inflamed soul, and removes the envy of the one and the arrogance of the other, all but saying, “Be not moved with indignation, as insulted. For they harm and disgrace themselves most, who on this wise seek the first places, for they are amongst the last. For matters with us are not like matters without. ‘For the princes of the Gentiles exercise dominion over them,’ but with me the last, even he is first.”

“And in proof that I say not these things without cause, by the things which I do and suffer, receive the proof of my sayings. For I have myself done something even more. For being King of the powers above, I was willing to become man, and I submitted to be despised, and despitefully entreated. And not even with these things was I satisfied, but even unto death did I come. Therefore,” He saith,

“Even as the Son of Man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give His life a ransom for many.”2484   Matt. xx. 28.“For not even at this did I stop,” saith He, “but even my life did I give a ransom; and for whom? For enemies. But thou if thou art abused, it is for thyself, but I for thee.”

Be not then afraid, as though thine honor were plucked down. For how much soever thou humblest thyself, thou canst not descend so much as thy Lord. And yet His descent hath become the ascent of all, and hath made His own glory shine forth. For before He was made man, He was known amongst angels only; but after He was made man and was crucified, so far from lessening that glory, He acquired other besides, even that from the knowledge of the world.

Fear not then, as though thine honor were put down, if thou shouldest abase thyself, for in this way is thy glory more exalted, in this way it becomes greater. This is the door of the kingdom. Let us not then go the opposite way, neither let us war against ourselves. For if we desire to appear great, we shall not be great, but even the most dishonored of all.

Seest thou how everywhere He urges them by the opposite things, giving them what they desire? For in the preceding parts also we have shown this in many instances, and in the cases of the covetous, and of the vain-glorious, He did thus. For wherefore, He saith, dost thou give alms before men? That thou mayest enjoy glory? Thou must then not do so, and thou shalt surely enjoy it. Wherefore dost thou lay up treasures? That thou mayest be rich? Thou must then not lay up treasures, and thou shalt be rich. Even so here too, wherefore dost thou set thy heart on the first places? That thou mayest be before others? Choose then the last place, and then thou wilt enjoy the first. So that if it be thy will to become great, seek not to become great, and then thou wilt be great. For the other is to be little.

5. Seest thou how He drew them off from the disease, by showing them both from thence failing of their object, and from hence gaining, that they might flee the one, and follow after the other.

And of the Gentiles, too, He for this cause reminded them, that in this way again He might show the thing to be disgraceful and to be abhorred.

For the arrogant is of necessity base, and, on the contrary, the lowly-minded is high. For this is the height that is true and genuine, and exists not in name only, nor in manner of address. And that which is from without is of necessity and fear, but this is like to God’s. Such a one, though he be admired by no one, continues high; even as again the other, though he be courted by all, is of all men the basest. And the one is an honor rendered of necessity, whence also it easily passes away; but the other is of principle, whence also it continues steadfast. Since for this we admire the saints also, that being greater than all, they humbled themselves more than all. Wherefore even to this day they continue to be high, and not even death hath brought down that height.

And if ye be minded, let us by reasonings also inquire into this very thing. Any one is said to be high, either when he is so by greatness of stature, or when he hath chanced to be set on a high place, and low in like manner, from the opposite things.

Let us see then who is like this, the boaster, or he that keeps within measure, that thou mayest perceive that nothing is higher than lowliness of mind, and nothing lower than boastfulness.

The boaster then desires to be greater than all, and affirms no one to be equal in worth with him; and how much soever honor he may obtain, he sets his heart on more and claims it, and accounts himself to have obtained none, and treats men with utter contempt, and yet seeks after the honor that comes from them; than which what can be more unreasonable? For this surely is like an enigma. By those, whom he holds in no esteem, he desires to be glorified.

Seest thou how he who desires to be exalted falls down and is set on the ground? For that he accounts all men to be nothing compared with himself, he himself declares, for this is boasting. Why then dost cast thyself upon him who is nothing? why dost thou seek honor of him? Why dost thou lead about with thee such great multitudes?

Seest thou one low, and set on a low place. Come then, let us inquire about the high man. This one knows what man is, and that man is a great thing, and that he himself is last of all, and therefore whatever honor he may enjoy, he reckons this great, so that this one is consistent with himself and is high, and shifts not his judgment; for whom he accounts great, the honors that come from them he esteems great also, though they should chance to be small, because he accounts those who bestow them to be great. But the boastful man accounts them that give the honors to be nothing, yet the honors bestowed by them he reckons to be great.

Again, the lowly man is seized by no passion, no anger can much trouble this man, no love of glory, no envy, no jealousy: and what can be higher than the soul that is delivered from these things? But the boastful man is held in subjection by all these things, like any worm crawling in the mire, for jealousy and envy and anger are forever troubling his soul.

Which then is high? He that is superior to his passions, or he that is their slave? He that trembles at them and is afraid of them, or he that is unsubdued, and never taken by them? Which kind of bird should we say flies higher? that which is higher than the hands and the arrows of the hunter, or that which does not even suffer the hunters to need an arrow, from his flying along the ground, and from not being able ever to elevate himself? Is not then the arrogant man like this? for indeed every net readily catches him as crawling on the ground.

6. But if thou wilt, even from that wicked demon prove thou this. For what can be baser than the devil, because he had exalted himself; what higher than the man who is willing to abase himself? For the former crawls on the ground under our heel (For, “ye tread,” He saith,2485   Luke x. 19. [Freely cited.]“upon serpents and scorpions”), but the latter is set with the angels on high.

But if thou desirest to learn this from the example of haughty men also, consider that barbarian king, that led so great an army, who knew not so much as the things that are manifest to all; as, for instance, that stone was stone, and the images, images; wherefore he was inferior even to these. But the godly and faithful are raised even above the sun; than whom what can be higher, who rise above even the vaults of heaven, and passing beyond angels, stand by the very throne of the king.

And that thou mayest learn in another way their vileness; who will be abased? He who has God for his ally, or he with whom God is at war? It is quite plain that it is he with whom He is at war. Hear then touching either of these what saith the Scripture. “God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace unto the humble.”2486   James iv. 6.

Again, I will ask you another thing also. Which is higher? He who acts as a priest to God and offers sacrifice? or he who is somewhere far removed from confidence towards Him? And what manner of sacrifice doth the lowly man offer? one may say. Hear David saying, “The sacrifice of God is a contrite spirit; a contrite and humbled heart God will not despise.”2487   Ps. li. 17. [LXX.]

Seest thou the purity of this man? Behold also the uncleanness of the other; for “every one that is proud in heart is unclean before God.”2488   Prov. xvi. 5. [LXX.] Besides, the one hath God resting upon him, (“For unto whom will I look,” saith He, “but to him that is meek and quiet, and trembleth at my words”),2489   Is. lxvi. 2.but the other crawls with the devil, for he that is lifted up with pride shall suffer the devil’s punishment. Wherefore Paul also said, “Lest, being lifted up with pride, he should fall into the condemnation of the devil.”2490   1 Tim. iii. 6.

And the thing opposite to what he wishes, befalls him. For his wish is to be arrogant, that he may be honored; but the most contemned of all is this character. For these most of all are laughing stocks, foes and enemies to all men, the most easy to be subdued by their enemies, the men that easily fall into anger, the unclean before God.

What then can be worse than this, for this is the extremity of evils? And what is sweeter than the lowly, what more blessed, since they are longed after, and beloved of God? And the glory too that cometh of men, these do most of all enjoy, and all honor them as fathers, embrace them as brothers, receive them as their own members.

Let us then become lowly, that we may be high. For most utterly doth arrogance abase. This abased Pharaoh. For, “I know not,” he saith, “the Lord,”2491   Exod. v. 2.and he became inferior to flies and frogs, and the locusts, and after that with his very arms and horses was he drowned in the sea. In direct opposition to him, Abraham saith, “I am dust and ashes,”2492   Gen. xviii. 27.and prevailed over countless barbarians, and having fallen into the midst of Egyptians, returned, bearing a trophy more glorious than the former, and, cleaving to this virtue, grew ever more high. Therefore he is celebrated everywhere, therefore he is crowned and proclaimed; but Pharaoh is both earth and ashes, and if there is anything else more vile than these. For nothing doth God so abhor as arrogance. For this object hath He done all things from the beginning, in order that He might root out this passion. Because of this are we become mortal, and are in sorrows, and wailings. Because of this are we in toil, and sweat, and in labor continual, and mingled with affliction. For indeed out of arrogance did the first man sin, looking for an equality with God. Therefore, not even what things he had, did he continue to possess, but lost even these.

For arrogance is like this, so far from adding to us any improvement of our life, it subtracts even what we have; as, on the contrary, humility, so far from subtracting from what we have, adds to us also what we have not.

This virtue then let us emulate, this let us pursue, that we may both enjoy present honor, and attain unto the glory to come, by the grace and love towards man of our Lord Jesus Christ, with whom be unto the Father glory and might, together with the Holy Ghost, now and always, and world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΞΕʹ. Καὶ ἀναβαίνων εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ὁ Ἰησοῦς, παρέλαβε τοὺς δώδεκα μαθητὰς κατ' ἰδίαν ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ, καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς: Ἰδοὺ ἀναβαίνομεν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα, καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου παραδοθήσεται τοῖς ἀρχιερεῦσι καὶ γραμματεῦσι, καὶ κατακρινοῦσιν αὐτὸν θανάτῳ: καὶ παραδώσουσιν αὐτὸν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν εἰς τὸ ἐμπαῖξαι καὶ μαστιγῶσαι καὶ σταυ ρῶσαι: καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐγερθήσεται. Οὐκ ἀθρόον ἀναβαίνει εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ἐλθών: ἀλλὰ πρότερον θαυματουργήσας καὶ ἐπιστομίσας Φαρισαίους, καὶ διαλεχθεὶς τοῖς μαθηταῖς περὶ ἀκτημοσύνης: Εἰ γὰρ θέλεις τέλειος εἶναι, φησὶ, πώλησόν σου τὰ ὑπάρχοντα: καὶ περὶ παρθενίας: Ὁ δυνάμενος χωρεῖν, χωρείτω: καὶ περὶ ταπεινοφροσύνης: Ἐὰν μὴ στραφῆτε γὰρ, καὶ γένησθε ὡς τὰ παιδία, οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθητε εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν: καὶ περὶ ἀντιδόσεως τῶν ἐνταῦθα: Ὅστις γὰρ ἀφῆκεν οἰκίας, ἢ ἀδελφοὺς, ἢ ἀδελφὰς, ἑκατονταπλασίονα λήψεται ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ: καὶ περὶ τῶν ἀμοιβῶν τῶν ἐκεῖ: Καὶ ζωὴν γὰρ, φησὶν, αἰώνιον κληρονομήσει: τότε προσβάλλει τῇ πόλει λοιπὸν, καὶ μέλλων ἀνιέναι, πάλιν περὶ τοῦ πάθους διαλέγεται. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἰκὸς ἦν αὐτοὺς, διὰ τὸ μὴ βούλεσθαι τοῦτο συμβῆναι, ἐπιλανθάνεσθαι, συνεχῶς αὐτοὺς ἀναμιμνήσκει, ἐγγυμνάζων αὐτῶν τὴν διάνοιαν τῇ πυκνότητι τῆς ἀναμνήσεως, καὶ τὴν λύπην ὑποτεμνόμενος. Κατ' ἰδίαν δὲ αὐτοῖς διαλέγεται ἀναγκαίως: οὐ γὰρ ἔδει εἰς πολλοὺς ἐξενεχθῆναι τὸν περὶ τούτων λόγον, οὐδὲ σαφῶς λεχθῆναι: οὐδὲν γὰρ ἐκ τούτου πλέον ἐγίνετο. Εἰ γὰρ οἱ μαθηταὶ ἐθορυβοῦντο ταῦτα ἀκούοντες, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὁ τῶν πολλῶν δῆμος. Τί οὖν; οὐκ ἐλέχθη τοῖς πολλοῖς; φησίν. Ἐλέχθη μὲν καὶ πρὸς τοὺς πολλοὺς, οὐχ οὕτω δὲ σαφῶς. Λύσατε γὰρ, φησὶ, τὸν ναὸν τοῦτον, καὶ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερῶ αὐτόν: καὶ, Σημεῖον ἐπιζητεῖ ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη, καὶ σημεῖον οὐ δοθήσεται αὐτῇ, εἰ μὴ τὸ σημεῖον Ἰωνᾶ: καὶ πάλιν, Ἔτι μικρὸν χρόνον μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰμι, καὶ ζητήσετέ με, καὶ οὐχ εὑρήσετε. Τοῖς δὲ μαθηταῖς οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλ' ὥσπερ τὰ ἄλλα σαφέστερον ἔλεγεν, οὕτω καὶ τοῦτο εἶπε. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν, εἰ μὴ συνίεσαν οἱ πολλοὶ τῶν λεγομένων τὴν δύναμιν, καὶ ἐλέγετο; Ἵνα μάθωσι μετὰ ταῦτα, ὅτι προειδὼς ἐπὶ τὸ πάθος ᾔει καὶ ἑκὼν, οὐκ ἀγνοῶν, οὐδὲ ἀναγκαζόμενος. Τοῖς μαθηταῖς δὲ οὐ διὰ τοῦτο μόνον προὔλεγεν, ἀλλ', ὅπερ ἔφην, ἵνα ἐγγυμνασθέντες τῇ προσδοκίᾳ, ῥᾴδιον ἐνέγκωσι τὸ πάθος, καὶ μὴ ἀμελέτητον ἐπελθὸν ταράξῃ σφόδρα αὐτούς. Διά τοι τοῦτο ἐξ ἀρχῆς μὲν τὸν θάνατον ἔλεγε μόνον: ὅτε δὲ ἐμελέτησαν καὶ ἐνεγυμνάσαντο, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα προστίθησιν: οἶον, ὅτι παραδώσουσι τοῖς ἔθνεσιν: ὅτι ἐμπαίξουσι καὶ μαστιγώσουσι: τούτου τε ἕνεκεν, καὶ ἵνα ὅταν τὰ σκυθρωπὰ ἐξελθόντα ἴδωσι, καὶ τὴν ἀνάστασιν ἐντεῦθεν προσδοκήσωσιν. Ὁ γὰρ τὰ λυποῦντα οὐκ ἀποκρυψάμενος, καὶ τὰ δοκοῦντα εἶναι ἐπονείδιστα, εἰκότως ἔμελλε καὶ περὶ τῶν χρηστῶν πιστεύεσθαι. Σκόπει δέ μοι, πῶς καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ καιροῦ σοφῶς τὸ πρᾶγμα οἰκονομεῖ. Οὔτε γὰρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς αὐτοῖς εἶπεν, ἵνα μὴ διαταράξῃ: οὔτε πρὸς αὐτῷ τῷ καιρῷ, ἵνα μὴ κἀντεῦθεν θορυβήσῃ: ἀλλ' ὅτε πεῖραν αὐτοῦ τῆς δυνάμεως ἔλαβον ἀρκοῦσαν, ὅτε μεγάλας ἔδωκε τὰς ἐπαγγελίας περὶ τῆς ζωῆς τῆς αἰωνίου, τότε καὶ τὸν περὶ τούτων ἐμβάλλει λόγον, καὶ ἅπαξ καὶ δὶς καὶ πολλάκις, ἐνυφαίνων αὐτὸν τοῖς θαύμασι καὶ ταῖς διδασκαλίαις. Ἕτερος δὲ εὐαγγελιστής φησιν, ὅτι καὶ τοὺς προφήτας παρῆγε μάρτυρας: ἄλλος δέ φησιν, ὅτι καὶ αὐτοὶ οὐ συνίεσαν τὰ λεγόμενα, ἀλλ' ἦν κεκρυμμένον τὸ ῥῆμα ἀπ' αὐτῶν, καὶ ὅτι ἐθαμβοῦντο ἀκολουθοῦντες αὐτῷ. Οὐκοῦν ἀνῄρηται, φησὶ, τῆς προῤῥήσεως τὸ κέρδος. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ ᾔδεσαν ἅπερ ἤκουσαν, οὐδὲ προσδοκᾷν εἶχον: μὴ προσδοκῶντες δὲ, οὐδὲ γυμνάζεσθαι ταῖς ἐλπίσιν. Ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ ἕτερον τούτου ἀπορώτερόν φημι, ὅτι εἰ μὴ ᾔδεσαν πῶς ἐλυποῦντο: Καὶ γὰρ ἕτερός φησιν, ὅτι ἐλυποῦντο. Εἰ τοίνυν μὴ ᾔδεσαν, πῶς ἐλυποῦντο; πῶς Πέτρος ἔλεγεν: Ἵλεώς σοι, οὐ μὴ ἔσται σοι τοῦτο; Τί οὖν ἔστιν εἰπεῖν; Ὅτι μὲν ἀποθανεῖται, ᾔδεσαν, εἰ καὶ μὴ σαφῶς τῆς οἰκονομίας ἠπίσταντο τὸ μυστήριον: οὔτε δὲ τὴν ἀνάστασιν σαφῶς ἠπίσταντο, οὔτε ἅπερ ἔμελλε κατορθοῦν: καὶ τοῦτο ἦν κεκρυμμένον ἀπ' αὐτῶν. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἤλγουν. Ἑτέρους μὲν γὰρ ὑφ' ἑτέρων ἀναστάντας εἶδον: αὐτὸν δέ τινα ἀναστήσαντα ἑαυτὸν, καὶ οὕτως ἀναστήσαντα ὡς μηκέτι λοιπὸν ἀποθανεῖν, οὐδέποτε εἶδον. Τοῦτο οὖν οὐ συνίεσαν πολλάκις λεγόμενον: ἀλλ' οὐδὲ αὐτὸς οὗτος ὁ θάνατος τί ποτέ ἐστι, καὶ πῶς ἐπελεύσεται, σαφῶς ἠπίσταντο. Διὸ καὶ ἐθαμβοῦντο ἀκολουθοῦντες αὐτῷ: οὑ διὰ τοῦτο δὲ μόνον, ἀλλ' ἔμοιγε δοκεῖ καὶ ἐκπλήττειν αὐτοὺς περὶ τοῦ πάθους διαλεγόμενος. βʹ. Ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐδὲν τούτων ἐποίει θαῤῥεῖν αὐτοὺς, καὶ ταῦτα συνεχῶς περὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἀκούοντας. Καὶ γὰρ μετὰ τοῦ θανάτου καὶ τοῦτο μάλιστα αὐτοὺς ἐθορύβει, τὸ ἀκούειν ὅτι ἐμπαίξουσι καὶ μαστιγώσουσι, καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα. Ὅτε γὰρ ἐνενόησαν τὰ θαύματα, τοὺς δαιμονῶντας οὓς ἠλευθέρωσε, τοὺς νεκροὺς οὓς ἤγειρε, τὰ ἄλλα πάντα ἅπερ ἐθαυματούργει, εἶτα ἤκουσαν τούτων, ἐξεπλήττοντο, εἰ ὁ ταῦτα ποιῶν ταῦτα πείσεται. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ εἰς ἀπορίαν ἐνέπιπτον, καὶ νῦν μὲν ἐπίστευον, νῦν δὲ ἠπίστουν, καὶ νοῆσαι οὐκ εἶχον τὰ λεγόμενα. Οὕτω γοῦν οὐ συνῆκαν σαφῶς τὸ λεγόμενον, ὡς τοὺς υἱοὺς Ζεβεδαίου παραυτὰ προσελθεῖν, καὶ περὶ προεδρίας αὐτῷ διαλεχθῆναι. Θέλομεν γὰρ, φησὶν, ἵνα εἷς ἐκ δεξιῶν σου καθίσῃ, καὶ εἷς ἐξ εὐωνύμων. Πῶς οὖν οὗτος ὁ εὐαγγελιστής φησιν, ὅτι ἡ μήτηρ προσῆλθεν; Ἀμφότερα γενέσθαι εἰκός. Τὴν γὰρ μητέρα παρέλαβον, ὡς μείζονα τὴν ἱκετηρίαν ἐργασόμενοι, καὶ ταύτῃ τὸν Χριστὸν δυσωπήσοντες. Ὅτι γὰρ τοῦτο ἀληθὲς ὅπερ ἔφην, καὶ αὐτῶν μᾶλλον ἡ αἴτησις ἦν, καὶ αἰσχυνόμενοι προβάλλονται τὴν τεκοῦσαν, σκόπει πῶς πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἀποτείνει τὸν λόγον ὁ Χριστός. Μᾶλλον δὲ μάθωμεν τί πρότερον αἰτοῦσι, καὶ ἀπὸ ποίας γνώμης, καὶ πόθεν ἐπὶ τοῦτο ἦλθον. Πόθεν οὖν ἐπὶ τοῦτο ἦλθον; Ἑώρων ἑαυτοὺς τιμωμένους παρὰ τοὺς ἄλλους, καὶ προσεδόκησαν ἐντεῦθεν ἐπιτεύξασθαι καὶ τῆς αἰτήσεως ταύτης. Ἀλλὰ τί ποτέ ἐστιν ὁ αἰτοῦσιν; Ἄκουσον ἑτέρου εὐαγγελιστοῦ τοῦτο σαφῶς ἐκκαλύπτοντος. Διὰ γὰρ τὸ ἐγγὺς εἶναι, φησὶ, τῆς Ἱερουσαλὴμ, καὶ δοκεῖν ὅτι ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἤδη ἀναφανεῖται, ταῦτα ᾔτουν. Ἐνόμιζον γὰρ, ὅτι ἐπὶ θύραις αὕτη, καὶ αἰσθητὴ, καὶ ἀπολαύσαντες ὧν ᾔτουν, οὐδὲν ὑποστήσονται τῶν λυπηρῶν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ δι' αὐτὴν μόνον αὐτὴν ἐζήτουν, ἀλλ' ὡς καὶ διαφευξόμενοι τὰ δυσχερῆ. Διὸ καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς τούτων πρῶτον αὐτοὺς ἀπάγει τῶν λογισμῶν, κελεύων σφαγὰς καὶ κινδύνους καὶ τὰ ἔσχατα ἀναμένειν δεινά. Δύνασθε γὰρ, φησὶ, πιεῖν τὸ ποτήριον ὃ ἐγὼ πίνω; Ἀλλὰ μηδεὶς θορυβείσθω, τῶν ἀποστόλων οὕτως ἀτελῶς διακειμένων. Οὔπω γὰρ ὁ σταυρὸς ἦν τελεσθεὶς, οὔπω Πνεύματος χάρις δοθεῖσα. Εἰ δὲ βούλει μαθεῖν αὐτῶν τὴν ἀρετὴν, μετὰ ταῦτα αὐτοὺς κατάμαθε, καὶ ὄψει παντὸς πάθους ἀνωτέρους. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο ἐκκαλύπτει αὐτῶν τὰ ἐλαττώματα, ἵνα μετὰ ταῦτα γνῷς, τίνες ἀπὸ τῆς χάριτος ἐγένοντο. Ὅτι μὲν οὖν οὐδὲν πνευματικὸν ᾔτουν, οὐδὲ ἔννοιαν τῆς ἄνω βασιλείας εἶχον, δῆλον ἐντεῦθεν. Πλὴν ἴδωμεν καὶ πῶς προσέρχονται, καὶ τί λέγουσι. Θέλομεν, φησὶν, ἵνα ὃ ἐὰν αἰτήσωμέν σε ποιήσῃς ἡμῖν. Καὶ πρὸς αὐτοὺς ὁ Χριστός: Τί θέλετε; οὐκ ἀγνοῶν, ἀλλ' ἵνα ἀναγκάσῃ αὐτοὺς ἀποκρίνασθαι, καὶ ἀνακαλύψῃ τὸ ἕλκος, καὶ οὕτως ἐπιθῇ τὸ φάρμακον. Οἱ δὲ ἐρυθριῶντες καὶ αἰσχυνόμενοι, ἐπειδὴ ὑπὸ πάθους ἀνθρωπίνου πρὸς τοῦτο ᾔεσαν, κατ' ἰδίαν ἐκτὸς τῶν μαθητῶν λαβόντες αὐτὸν ἠρώτησαν. Προεπορεύθησαν γὰρ, φησὶν, ὥστε μὴ γενέσθαι αὐτοῖς κατάδηλον, καὶ οὕτως εἶπον ἅπερ ἐβούλοντο. Ἐβούλοντο δὲ, ὡς ἔγωγε οἶμαι, ἐπειδὴ ἤκουον, ὅτι Ἐπὶ δώδεκα θρόνους καθεδεῖσθε, τὴν προεδρίαν τῆς καθέδρας ταύτης λαβεῖν. Καὶ ὅτι μὲν τῶν ἄλλων πλέον εἶχον, ᾔδεσαν: ἐδεδοίκεσαν δὲ Πέτρον, καὶ λέγουσιν: Εἰπὲ, ἵνα εἷς ἐκ δεξιῶν σου καθίσῃ, καὶ εἷς ἐξ εὐωνύμων: καὶ κατεπείγουσι λέγοντες, Εἰπέ. Τί οὖν αὐτός; Δηλῶν, ὅτι οὐδὲν πνευματικὸν ᾔτουν, οὔτε εἰ ᾔδεσαν πάλιν ὅπερ ᾔτουν, ἐτόλμησαν ἂν τοσοῦτον αἰτῆσαι, φησίν: Οὐκ οἴδατε τί αἰτεῖσθε: πῶς μέγα, πῶς θαυμαστὸν, πῶς ὑπερβαῖνον καὶ τὰς ἄνω δυνάμεις. Εἶτα ἐπάγει: Δύνασθε πιεῖν τὸ ποτήριον, ὃ ἐγὼ μέλλω πίνειν, καὶ τὸ βάπτισμα, ὃ ἐγὼ βαπτίζομαι, βαπτισθῆναι; Εἶδες πῶς εὐθέως ἀπήγαγε τῆς ὑπονοίας, ἀπὸ τῶν ἐναντίων αὐτοῖς διαλεχθείς; Ὑμεῖς μὲν γὰρ περὶ τιμῆς καὶ στεφάνων μοι διαλέγεσθε, φησίν: ἐγὼ δὲ περὶ ἀγώνων ὑμῖν καὶ ἱδρώτων. Οὐ γάρ ἐστιν οὗτος ὁ τῶν ἐπάθλων καιρὸς, οὐδὲ νῦν ἡ δόξα μου φανεῖται ἐκείνη: ἀλλὰ σφαγῆς καὶ πολέμων καὶ κινδύνων τὰ παρόντα. Καὶ ὅρα πῶς τῷ τρόπῳ τῆς ἐρωτήσεως καὶ προτρέπει καὶ ἐφέλκεται. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπε, Δύνασθε σφαγῆναι; δύνασθε τὸ αἷμα ὑμῶν ἐκχεῖν; ἀλλὰ πῶς; Δύνασθε πιεῖν τὸ ποτήριον; Εἶτα ἐφελκόμενός φησιν: Ὃ ἐγὼ μέλλω πίνειν: ἵνα τῇ πρὸς αὐτὸν κοινωνίᾳ προθυμότεροι γένωνται. Καὶ βάπτισμα αὐτὸ πάλιν καλεῖ, δεικνὺς μέγαν ἀπὸ τῶν γινομένων τὸν καθαρμὸν ἐσόμενον τῇ οἰκουμένῃ. Λέγουσιν αὐτῷ: Δυνάμεθα. Ἀπὸ τῆς προθυμίας εὐθέως ἐπηγγείλαντο, οὐδὲ τοῦτο εἰδότες ὅπερ εἶπον, ἀλλὰ προσδοκῶντες ἀκούσεσθαι ὅπερ ᾔτησαν. Τί οὖν αὐτός; Τὸ μὲν ποτήριόν μου πίεσθε, καὶ τὸ βάπτισμα, ὃ ἐγὼ βαπτίζομαι, βαπτισθήσεσθε. Μεγάλα αὐτοῖς προεφήτευσεν ἀγαθά: τουτέστι, Μαρτυρίου καταξιωθήσεσθε, καὶ ταῦτα πείσεσθε ἅπερ ἐγώ: βιαίῳ θανάτῳ τὴν ζωὴν καταλύσετε, καὶ τούτων μοι κοινωνήσετε. Τὸ δὲ καθίσαι ἐκ δεξιῶν καὶ ἐξ εὐωνύμων οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὸν δοῦναι, ἀλλ' οἷς ἡτοίμασται παρὰ τοῦ Πατρός μου. γʹ. Ἐπάρας αὐτῶν τὰς ψυχὰς, καὶ ὑψηλοτέρας ποιήσας, καὶ πρὸς λύπην ἀχειρώτους ἐργασάμενος, τότε διορθοῦται αὐτῶν τὴν αἴτησιν. Ἀλλὰ τί ποτέ ἐστι τὸ νῦν εἰρημένον; Καὶ γὰρ δύο ἐστὶ τὰ ζητούμενα παρὰ πολλῶν: ἓν μὲν, εἰ ἡτοίμασταί τισι τὸ καθίσαι ἐκ δεξιῶν αὐτοῦ: ἕτερον δὲ, εἰ ὁ πάντων Κύριος ἐκείνοις, οἷς ἡτοίμασται, κύριος οὐκ ἔστι παρασχεῖν. Τί οὖν ἐστι τὸ εἰρημένον; Ἂν τὸ πρότερον λύσωμεν, τότε καὶ τὸ δεύτερον τοῖς ζητοῦσιν ἔσται σαφές. Τί οὖν ἐστι τοῦτο; Οὐδεὶς ἐκ δεξιῶν αὐτοῦ καθεδεῖται, οὐδὲ ἐξ εὐωνύμων. Ἄβατος γὰρ πᾶσιν ὁ θρόνος ἐκεῖνος: οὐκ ἀνθρώποις λέγω καὶ ἁγίοις καὶ ἀποστόλοις, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀγγέλοις καὶ ἀρχαγγέλοις, καὶ πάσαις ταῖς ἄνω δυνάμεσιν. Ὡς γοῦν ἐξαίρετον τοῦ Μονογενοῦς τίθησιν αὐτὸ ὁ Παῦλος λέγων: Πρὸς τίνα δὲ τῶν ἀγγέλων εἴρηκέ ποτε: Κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου; Καὶ πρὸς μὲν τοὺς ἀγγέλους φησίν: Ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα: πρὸς δὲ τὸν Υἱὸν, Ὁ θρόνος σου, ὁ Θεός. Πῶς οὖν φησι, Τὸ καθίσαι ἐκ δεξιῶν καὶ ἐξ εὐωνύμων, οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὸν δοῦναι, ὡς ὄντων τινῶν τῶν καθεδουμένων; Οὐχ ὡς ὄντων, ἄπαγε: ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὴν ὑπόνοιαν ἀπεκρίνατο τῶν ἐρωτώντων, συγκαταβαίνων αὐτῶν τῇ διανοίᾳ. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ᾔδεσαν τὸν ὑψηλὸν θρόνον ἐκεῖνον, καὶ τὴν ἐκ δεξιῶν τοῦ Πατρὸς καθέδραν, ὅπου γε καὶ τὰ πολλῷ τούτων καταδεέστερα καὶ καθ' ἡμέραν αὐτοῖς ἐνηχούμενα ἠγνόουν: ἀλλ' ἓν ἐζήτουν μόνον, τῶν πρωτείων ἀπολαῦσαι, καὶ πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων στῆναι, καὶ μηδένα εἶναι πρὸ αὐτῶν παρ' αὐτῷ: ὅπερ καὶ ἤδη ἔφθην εἰπὼν, ὅτι ἐπειδὴ δώδεκα θρόνους ἤκουσαν, ἀγνοήσαντες ὅ τι ποτέ ἐστι τὸ εἰρημένον, τὴν προεδρίαν ἐπεζήτησαν. Ὃ τοίνυν φησὶν ὁ Χριστὸς, τοῦτό ἐστιν: Ἀποθανεῖσθε μὲν δι' ἐμὲ, καὶ σφαγήσεσθε τοῦ κηρύγματος ἕνεκεν, καὶ κοινωνήσετέ μοι κατὰ τὸ πάθος: οὐ μὴν ἀρκεῖ τοῦτο ποιῆσαι τῆς προεδρίας ὑμᾶς ἀπολαῦσαι, καὶ τὴν πρώτην τάξιν κατασχεῖν. Ἂν γάρ τις ἕτερος ἔλθῃ μετὰ τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ τὴν ἄλλην ἅπασαν ἀρετὴν κεκτημένος πολλῷ πλείονα ὑμῶν, οὐκ ἐπειδὴ φιλῶ νῦν ὑμᾶς, καὶ τῶν ἄλλων προκρίνω, διὰ τοῦτο παρωσάμενος ἐκεῖνον τὸν ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων κηρυττόμενον, ὑμῖν δώσω τὰ πρωτεῖα. Ἀλλ' οὕτω μὲν οὐκ εἶπεν, ὥστε μὴ λυπῆσαι: αἰνιγματωδῶς δὲ τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο αἰνίττεται λέγων: Τὸ μὲν ποτήριόν μου πίεσθε, καὶ τὸ βάπτισμα, ὃ ἐγὼ βαπτίζομαι, βαπτισθήσεσθε: τὸ δὲ καθίσαι ἐκ δεξιῶν μου καὶ ἐξ εὐωνύμων, οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὸν τοῦτο δοῦναι, ἀλλ' οἷς ἡτοίμασται. Τίσι δὲ ἡτοίμασται; Τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων δυναμένοις γενέσθαι λαμπροῖς. Διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ εἶπεν, Οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὸν δοῦναι, ἀλλὰ τοῦ Πατρός μου, ἵνα μὴ ἀσθενεῖν, μηδὲ ἀτονεῖν αὐτὸν φαίη τις πρὸς τὴν ἀντίδοσιν: ἀλλὰ πῶς; Οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὸν, ἀλλ' ἐκείνων οἷς ἡτοίμασται. Ἵνα δὲ καὶ σαφέστερον ὃ λέγω γένηται, ἐπὶ ὑποδείγματος αὐτὸ γυμνάσωμεν, καὶ ὑποθώμεθα εἶναί τινα ἀγωνοθέτην, εἶτα ἀθλητὰς ἀρίστους πολλοὺς εἰς τὸν ἀγῶνα κατιέναι τοῦτον, καί τινας δύο προσελθόντας τῶν ἀθλητῶν τῶν μάλιστα ᾠκειωμένων τῷ ἀγωνοθέτῃ λέγειν, ὅτι Ποίησον ἡμᾶς στεφανωθῆναι καὶ ἀνακηρυχθῆναι, θαῤῥοῦντας τῇ πρὸς αὐτὸν εὐνοίᾳ καὶ φιλίᾳ: ἐκεῖνον δὲ πρὸς αὐτοὺς λέγειν. Οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὸν τοῦτο δοῦναι, ἀλλ' οἷς ἡτοίμασται ἀπὸ τῶν πόνων καὶ τῶν ἱδρώτων: ἆρ' οὖν καταγνωσόμεθα αὐτοῦ ἀσθένειαν; Οὐδαμῶς: ἀλλ' ἀποδεξόμεθα αὐτὸν τῆς δικαιοσύνης καὶ τοῦ ἀπροσωπολήπτου. Ὥσπερ οὖν ἐκεῖνον οὐκ ἂν φαίημεν ἀτονοῦντα μὴ διδόναι τὸν στέφανον, ἀλλὰ μὴ βουλόμενον διαφθεῖραι τῶν ἀγώνων τὸν νόμον, μηδὲ συνταράξαι τοῦ δικαίου τὴν τάξιν: οὕτω δὴ καὶ τὸν Χριστὸν εἴποιμι ἂν τοῦτο εἰρηκέναι, πανταχόθεν αὐτοὺς συνελαύνοντα, μετὰ τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ χάριν, εἰς τὴν οἰκείων κατορθωμάτων ἐπίδειξιν τὰς ἐλπίδας τῆς σωτηρίας καὶ τῆς εὐδοκιμήσεως ἔχειν. Διὰ τοῦτό φησιν, Οἷς ἡτοίμασται. Τί γὰρ, φησὶν, ἐὰν ἕτεροι φανῶσιν ὑμῶν βελτίους; τί δὲ ἂν μείζονα ἐργάσωνται; Μὴ γὰρ ἐπειδὴ μαθηταί μου γεγόνατε, διὰ τοῦτο τῶν πρωτείων ἀπολαύσεσθε, ἐὰν μὴ τῆς ἐκλογῆς αὐτοὶ ἄξιοι φανῆτε; Ὅτι γὰρ αὐτὸς Κύριός ἐστι τοῦ παντὸς, δῆλον ἐξ ὧν αὐτὸς πᾶσαν ἔχει τὴν κρίσιν. Καὶ γὰρ Πέτρῳ οὕτω φησίν: Ἐγώ σοι δώσω τὰς κλεῖς τῶν οὐρανῶν. Καὶ ὁ Παῦλος δὲ τοῦτο δηλῶν ἔλεγε: Λοιπὸν ἀπόκειταί μοι ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος, ὃν ἀποδώσει μοι ὁ Κύριος ὁ δίκαιος κριτὴς ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ: οὐ μόνον δὲ ἐμοὶ, ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς ἠγαπηκόσι τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ. Ἐπιφάνεια δὲ τοῦ Χριστοῦ γέγονεν. Ὅτι δὲ Παύλου οὐδεὶς πρῶτος στήσεται, παντί που δῆλον. Εἰ δὲ ἀσαφέστερον ταῦτα εἴρηκε, μὴ θαυμάσῃς. Παραπεμπόμενός τε γὰρ αὐτοὺς οἰκονομικῶς, ὥστε μὴ ὑπὲρ πρωτείων ἐνοχλεῖν εἰκῆ καὶ μάτην: (καὶ γὰρ ἀπὸ πάθους τοῦτο ἔπασχον ἀνθρωπίνου:) καὶ μὴ λυπῆσαι βουλόμενος αὐτοὺς, τῇ ἀσαφείᾳ ἀμφότερα ταῦτα κατορθοῖ. Τότε ἠγανάκτησαν οἱ δέκα περὶ τῶν δύο. Τότε, πότε; Ὅτε ἐπετίμησεν αὐτοῖς. Ἕως μὲν γὰρ τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἡ ψῆφος ἦν, οὐκ ἠγανάκτουν, ἀλλ' ὁρῶντες αὐτοὺς προτιμωμένους, ἔστεργον καὶ ἐσίγων, αἰδούμενοι τὸν Διδάσκαλον καὶ τιμῶντες: καὶ εἰ κατὰ διάνοιαν ἤλγουν, ἀλλ' εἰς μέσον τοῦτο ἐξενεγκεῖν οὐκ ἐτόλμων. Καὶ πρὸς Πέτρον δέ τι παθόντες ἀνθρώπινον, ὅτε τὰ δίδραχμα ἔδωκεν, οὐκ ἐδυσχέραναν, ἀλλ' ἠρώτησαν μόνον, Τίς ἄρα μείζων ἐστίν; Ἐπειδὴ δὲ τῶν μαθητῶν ἐνταῦθα ἡ αἴτησις ἦν, ἀγανακτοῦσι. Καὶ οὐδὲ ἐνταῦθα εὐθέως ἀγανακτοῦσιν, ὅτε ᾔτησαν, ἀλλ' ὅτε αὐτοῖς ἐπετίμησεν ὁ Χριστὸς, καὶ ἔφησεν οὐκ ἀπολαύσεσθαι τῶν πρωτείων αὐτοὺς, εἰ μὴ παράσχοιεν ἑαυτοὺς τούτων ἀξίους. δʹ. Εἶδες πῶς ἀτελέστερον πάντες διέκειντο, καὶ οὗτοι κατεξανιστάμενοι τῶν δέκα, καὶ ἐκεῖνοι φθονοῦντες τοῖς δυσίν; Ἀλλ', ὅπερ ἔφην, μετὰ ταῦτά μοι αὐτοὺς δεῖξον, καὶ ὄψει πάντων τούτων ἀπηλλαγμένους τῶν παθῶν. Ἄκουσον γοῦν πῶς οὗτος αὐτὸς ὁ Ἰωάννης, ὁ νῦν προσελθὼν ὑπὲρ τούτων, πανταχοῦ τῶν πρωτείων τῷ Πέτρῳ παραχωρεῖ, καὶ δημηγοροῦντι καὶ θαυματουργοῦντι ἐν ταῖς Πράξεσι τῶν ἀποστόλων. Καὶ οὐκ ἀποκρύπτει αὐτοῦ τὰ κατορθώματα, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν ὁμολογίαν λέγει, ἣν πάντων σιγώντων ἐπεδείξατο, καὶ τὴν εἰς τὸν τάφον εἴσοδον, καὶ προτίθησιν ἑαυτοῦ τὸν ἀπόστολον. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀμφότεροι παρέμειναν σταυρουμένῳ, τὸ ἑαυτοῦ ἐγκώμιον ὑποτεμνόμενός φησιν, ὅτι Γνώριμος ἦν ὁ μαθητὴς ἐκεῖνος τῷ ἱερεῖ. Ὁ δὲ Ἰάκωβος μακρὸν μὲν οὐκ ἐπέζησε χρόνον: ἐκ προοιμίων δὲ οὕτω διεθερμάνθη, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἀνθρώπινα ἀφεὶς πρὸς ὕψος ἀνέδραμεν ἄφατον, ὡς εὐθέως σφαγῆναι. Οὕτω πάντων ἕνεκεν μετὰ ταῦτα ἄκροι ἐγένοντο. Ἀλλὰ τότε ἠγανάκτησαν. Τί οὖν ὁ Χριστός; Προσκαλεσάμενος αὐτούς φησιν: Οἱ ἄρχοντες τῶν ἐθνῶν κατακυριεύουσιν αὐτῶν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐθορυβήθησαν καὶ ἐταράχθησαν, τῇ κλήσει πρὸ τοῦ λόγου αὐτοὺς καταπραΰνει, καὶ τῷ πλησίον αὐτοὺς ἐπισπάσασθαι. Καὶ γὰρ οἱ δύο, τοῦ χοροῦ τῶν δέκα ἑαυτοὺς ἀποῤῥήξαντες, ἐγγύτερον εἱστήκεσαν ἰδιολογούμενοι. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τούτους πλησίον ἄγει: τούτῳ τε αὐτῷ, καὶ τῷ τὸ εἰρημένον ἐκπομπεῦσαι καὶ εἰς τοὺς ἄλλους ἐξαγαγεῖν, παραμυθούμενος τὸ πάθος καὶ τούτων κἀκείνων. Καὶ οὐχ ὡς ἔμπροσθεν, οὕτω καὶ νῦν καταστέλλει. Πρότερον μὲν γὰρ παιδία ἄγει εἰς μέσον, καὶ τὸ ἀφελὲς αὐτῶν καὶ τὸ ταπεινὸν μιμεῖσθαι κελεύει: ἐνταῦθα δὲ πληκτικώτερον ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐναντίου ἐντρέπει λέγων: Οἱ ἄρχοντες τῶν ἐθνῶν κατακυριεύουσιν αὐτῶν, καὶ οἱ μεγάλοι κατεξουσιάζουσι: παρὰ δὲ ὑμῖν οὐκ ἔσται οὕτως: ἀλλ' ὁ θέλων ἐν ὑμῖν γενέσθαι μέγας, οὗτος ἔστω πάντων διάκονος, καὶ ὁ θέλων εἶναι πρῶτος, ἔστω πάντων ἔσχατος: δεικνὺς ὅτι ἐθνικῶν τὸ τοιοῦτον, τὸ τῶν πρωτείων ἐρᾷν. Καὶ γὰρ τυραννικὸν τὸ πάθος, καὶ συνεχῶς ἐνοχλοῦν καὶ μεγάλοις ἀνδράσι: διὰ τοῦτο καὶ σφοδροτέρας δεῖται πληγῆς. Διὸ καὶ αὐτὸς βαθύτερον αὐτῶν καθικνεῖται, τῇ τῶν ἐθνῶν παραθέσει φλεγμαίνουσαν αὐτῶν τὴν ψυχὴν ἐντρέπων: καὶ τῶν μὲν τὸν φθόνον, τῶν δὲ τὴν ἀπόνοιαν ὑποτέμνεται, μόνον οὐχὶ λέγων: Μὴ ἀγανακτεῖτε ὡς ὑβρισμένοι. Ἑαυτοὺς γὰρ μάλιστα βλάπτουσί τε καὶ καταισχύνουσιν οἱ οὕτω τὰ πρωτεῖα ζητοῦντες: ἐν γὰρ τοῖς ἐσχάτοις εἰσίν. Οὐ γάρ ἐστι τὰ παρ' ἡμῖν οἷα τὰ ἔξωθεν. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἄρχοντες τῶν ἐθνῶν κατακυριεύουσιν αὐτῶν: παρ' ἐμοὶ δὲ ὁ ἔσχατος οὗτος πρῶτός ἐστιν. Ὅτι δὲ οὐχ ἁπλῶς ταῦτα λέγω, δι' ὧν ποιῶ καὶ πάσχω λάβε τὴν ἀπόδειξιν τῶν εἰρημένων. Ἐγὼ γάρ τι καὶ πλέον ἐποίησα. Βασιλεὺς γὰρ τῶν ἄνω δυνάμεων ὢν, ἄνθρωπος ἠβουλήθην γενέσθαι, καὶ καταφρονηθῆναι κατεδεξάμην, καὶ ὑβρισθῆναι. Καὶ οὐδὲ τούτοις ἠρκέσθην, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ θάνατον ἦλθον. Διὰ τοῦτό φησιν: Ὥσπερ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἦλθε διακονηθῆναι, ἀλλὰ διακονῆσαι, καὶ δοῦναι τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ λύτρον ἀντὶ πολλῶν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ μέχρι τούτου ἔστην, φησὶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἔδωκα λύτρον: καὶ ὑπὲρ τίνων; Τῶν ἐχθρῶν. Σὺ δὲ ἂν ταπεινωθῇς, ὑπὲρ σαυτοῦ: ἐγὼ δὲ ὑπὲρ σοῦ. Μὴ τοίνυν φοβηθῇς, ὡς τῆς τιμῆς σου καθαιρουμένης. Ὅσον γὰρ ἂν ταπεινωθῇς, οὐ δύνασαι τοσοῦτον κατελθεῖν, ὅσον ὁ Δεσπότης σου. Ἀλλ' ὅμως ἡ κατάβασις αὕτη πάντων ἀνάβασις γέγονε, καὶ τὴν δόξαν ἐκλάμψαι πεποίηκε τὴν ἑαυτοῦ. Πρὸ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ γενέσθαι ἄνθρωπος, παρ' ἀγγέλοις ἐγνωρίζετο μόνοις: ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἄνθρωπος ἐγένετο καὶ ἐσταυρώθη, οὐ μόνον ἐκείνην οὐκ ἠλάττωσε τὴν δόξαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἑτέραν προσέλαβε, τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς γνώσεως τῆς οἰκουμένης. Μὴ δὴ φοβηθῇς, ὡς τῆς τιμῆς σου καθαιρουμένης. ἐὰν ταπεινώσῃς σαυτόν: ταύτῃ γὰρ μᾶλλον ἐπαίρεταί σου ἡ δόξα: ταύτῃ γίνεται μείζων. Αὕτη τῆς βασιλείας ἡ θύρα. Μὴ δὴ τὴν ἐναντίαν ἔλθωμεν, μηδὲ ἑαυτοῖς πολεμῶμεν. Ἐὰν γὰρ βουληθῶμεν μεγάλοι φαίνεσθαι, οὐκ ἐσόμεθα μεγάλοι, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάντων ἀτιμότεροι. Εἶδες πῶς πανταχοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐναντίων αὐτοὺς προτρέπει, διδοὺς αὐτοῖς ὅπερ ἐπιθυμοῦσι; Καὶ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν διὰ πολλῶν τοῦτο ἐδείξαμεν: καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν φιλοχρημάτων καὶ τῶν κενοδοξούντων οὕτως ἐποίησε. Τίνος γὰρ ἕνεκεν, φησὶν, ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐλεεῖς; ἵνα δόξης ἀπολαύσῃς; Οὐκοῦν μὴ ποίει οὕτω, καὶ ἀπολαύσῃ πάντως. Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν θησαυρίζεις; ἵνα πλουτῇς; Οὐκοῦν μὴ θησαυρίσῃς, καὶ πλουτήσεις. Οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα: τίνος ἕνεκεν τῶν πρωτείων ἐρᾷς; ἵνα πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων ᾖς; Οὐκοῦν τὴν ἐσχάτην ἐπίλεξαι τάξιν καὶ τότε τῶν πρωτείων ἀπολαύσῃ. Ὥστε εἰ θέλεις γενέσθαι μέγας. μὴ ζήτει γενέσθαι μέγας, καὶ τότε ἔσῃ μέγας. Ἐκεῖνο γὰρ μικρόν ἐστιν εἶναι. εʹ. Ὁρᾷς πῶς αὐτοὺς ἀπήγαγε τοῦ νοσήματος, τῷ δεῖξαι καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἐκπίπτοντας, καὶ ἐντεῦθεν ἐπιτυγχάνοντας: ἵνα τὸ μὲν φύγωσι, τὸ δὲ διώκωσι. Καὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν δὲ διὰ τοῦτο ἀνέμνησεν, ἵνα καὶ ταύτῃ τὸ πρᾶγμα ἐπονείδιστον καὶ βδελυκτὸν ἀποδείξῃ. Τὸν γὰρ ἀπονενοημένον ἀνάγκη ταπεινὸν εἶναι. καὶ τοὐναντίον τὸν ταπεινόφρονα, ὑψηλόν. Τοῦτο γὰρ τὸ ὕψος τὸ ἀληθὲς καὶ γνήσιον, καὶ οὐκ ἐν ὀνόματι μόνον, οὐδὲ ἐν προσηγορίᾳ ὅν. Καὶ τὸ μὲν ἔξωθεν ἀνάγκης ἐστὶ καὶ φόβου: τοῦτο δὲ τῷ τοῦ Θεοῦ προσέοικεν. Ὁ τοιοῦτος. κἂν παρὰ μηδενὸς θαυμάζηται, ὑψηλὸς μένει: ὥσπερ οὖν ἐκεῖνος, κἂν παρὰ πάντων θεραπεύηται, πάντων ἐστὶ ταπεινότερος. Καὶ ἡ μὲν κατὰ ἀνάγκην ἐστὶ τιμὴ, ὅθεν καὶ διαῤῥεῖ ῥᾳδίως: ἡ δὲ ἐκ προαιρέσεως, ὅθεν καὶ μένει βεβαία. Ἐπεὶ καὶ τοὺς ἁγίους διὰ τοῦτο θαυμάζομεν, ὅτι πάντων ὄντες μείζους, πάντων μᾶλλον ἑαυτοὺς ἐταπείνουν. Διὸ καὶ μέχρι τῆς σήμερον μένουσιν ὄντες ὑψηλοὶ, καὶ οὐδὲ ἡ τελευτὴ τὸ ὕψος ἐκεῖνο κατήνεγκεν. Εἰ δὲ βούλεσθε, καὶ ἀπὸ λογισμῶν ἐξετάσωμεν τοῦτο αὐτό. Ὑψηλὸς εἶναι λέγεταί τις, ἢ ὅταν τῷ μήκει τοῦ σώματος τοῦτο ᾖ, ἢ ὅταν ἐφ' ὑψηλοῦ τόπου ἑστηκὼς τύχῃ: καὶ ταπεινὸς ὡσαύτως ἀπὸ τῶν ἐναντίων. Ἴδωμεν οὖν τίς τοιοῦτός ἐστιν, ὁ ἀλαζὼν, ἢ ὁ μετριάζων: ἵνα ἴδῃς, ὅτι οὐδὲν ταπεινοφροσύνης ὑψηλότερον, καὶ οὐδὲν ἀλαζονείας χθαμαλώτερον. Ὁ μὲν οὖν ἀλαζὼν πάντων βούλεται εἶναι μείζων, καὶ οὐδένα ἑαυτοῦ ἄξιον εἶναί φησι, καὶ ὅσης ἂν τύχῃ τιμῆς, πλείονος ἐρᾷ καὶ ἀντέχεται, καὶ οὐδεμιᾶς τετυχηκέναι νομίζει, καὶ διαπτύει τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, καὶ τῆς παρ' αὐτῶν ἐφίεται τιμῆς: οὗ τί γένοιτ' ἂν ἀλογώτερον; Καὶ γὰρ αἰνίγματι τοῦτο ἔοικεν. Οὓς γὰρ οὐδὲν ἡγεῖται, παρὰ τούτων δοξάζεσθαι βούλεται. Εἶδες πῶς ὁ ἐπαρθῆναι βουλόμενος καταπίπτει, καὶ χαμαὶ ἕστηκεν; Ὅτι γὰρ οὐδὲν εἶναι νομίζει πάντας ἀνθρώπους πρὸς ἑαυτὸν, αὐτὸς ἀποφαίνεται: τοῦτο γὰρ ἀλαζονεία. Τί τοίνυν πρὸς τὸν οὐδὲν ὄντα πίπτεις; τί παρ' ἐκείνου ζητεῖς τιμήν; τί τοσούτους ὄχλους περιάγεις; Ὁρᾷς ταπεινὸν καὶ ἐπὶ ταπεινοῦ ἑστηκότα; Φέρε οὖν ἐξετάσωμεν τὸν ὑψηλόν. Οἶδεν οὗτος ὅσον ἄνθρωπος, καὶ ὅτι μέγα ἄνθρωπος, καὶ ὅτι πάντων ἐστὶν ἔσχατος, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἧς ἂν ἀπολαύσῃ τιμῆς, μέγα τοῦτο τίθεται. Ὥστε οὗτος μὲν ἑαυτῷ ἀκολουθεῖ, καὶ ἔστιν ὑψηλὸς, καὶ τὴν ψῆφον οὐ μετατίθησιν: οὓς γὰρ ἡγεῖται μεγάλους, καὶ τὰς παρὰ τούτων τιμὰς μεγάλας εἶναι νομίζει, κἂν μικραὶ τύχωσιν οὖσαι, ἐπειδὴ μεγάλους ἐκείνους ἡγεῖται. Ὁ δὲ ἀλαζὼν τοὺς μὲν τιμῶντας οὐδὲν εἶναι νομίζει, τὰς δὲ παρ' αὐτῶν τιμὰς μεγάλας εἶναι ψηφίζεται. Πάλιν ὁ ταπεινὸς ὑπ' οὐδενὸς ἁλίσκεται πάθους: οὐκ ὀργὴ τούτῳ διενοχλῆσαι δυνήσεται, οὐ δόξης ἔρως, οὐ βασκανία, οὐ ζηλοτυπία: τῆς δὲ τούτων ἀπηλλαγμένης ψυχῆς τί γένοιτ' ἂν ὑψηλότερον; Ὁ δὲ ἀλαζὼν ἅπασι τούτοις κατέχεται, καθάπερ τις σκώληξ ἐγκαλινδούμενος βορβόρῳ: καὶ γὰρ καὶ ζηλοτυπία καὶ βασκανία καὶ θυμὸς ἀεὶ τὴν ἐκείνου διενοχλεῖ ψυχήν. Τίς οὖν ὑψηλός; ὁ τῶν παθῶν ἀνώτερος, ἢ ὁ δοῦλος αὐτῶν; ὁ τρέμων αὐτὰ καὶ δεδοικὼς, ἢ ὁ ἀχείρωτος καὶ οὐδαμῶς ὑπ' αὐτῶν ἁλισκόμενος; Ποῖον ὄρνιν ὑψηλότερον πέτεσθαι φαίημεν ἄν; τὸν τῶν χειρῶν καὶ τῶν καλάμων τοῦ θηρατοῦ ὑψηλότερον ὄντα, ἢ τὸν μηδὲ καλάμου ἀφιέντα δεηθῆναι τὸν θηρατὴν, ἐκ τοῦ χαμαὶ πέτεσθαι, καὶ μὴ δύνασθαι μετεωρίζεσθαί ποτε; Οὐκοῦν τοιοῦτος ὁ ἀπονενοημένος ἐστί: καὶ γὰρ ἑκάστη παγὶς εὐκόλως αὐτὸν αἱρεῖ, ἅτε χαμαὶ ἕρποντα. Ϛʹ. Εἰ δὲ βούλει, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ δαίμονος ἐκείνου τοῦτο ἐξέτασον. Τί γὰρ διαβόλου ταπεινότερον γένοιτ' ἂν, ἐπειδὴ ἐπήρθη; τί δὲ ἀνθρώπου ὑψηλότερον, τοῦ ταπεινοῦν ἑαυτὸν βουλομένου; Ὁ μὲν γὰρ χαμαὶ σύρεται ὑπὸ τὴν πτέρναν κείμενος τὴν ἡμετέραν: (Πατεῖτε γὰρ, φησὶν, ἐπάνω ὄφεων καὶ σκορπίων:) ὁ δὲ μετὰ τῶν ἀγγέλων ἕστηκεν ἄνω. Εἰ δὲ καὶ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων τοῦτο βούλει μαθεῖν ὑπερηφάνων, ἐννόησον τὸν βάρβαρον ἐκεῖνον, τὸν τοσαύτην ἄγοντα στρατιὰν, ὃς οὐδὲ τὰ πᾶσι δῆλα ἠπίστατο: οἷον, ὅτι ὁ λίθος ἦν λίθος, καὶ τὰ εἴδωλα, εἴδωλα: διὸ καὶ τούτων κατώτερος ἦν. Οἱ δὲ εὐσεβεῖς καὶ πιστοὶ καὶ ὑπὲρ τὸν ἥλιον ἵενται: ὧν τί γένοιτ' ἂν ὑψηλότερον; οἳ καὶ αὐτὰς ὑπερβαίνουσι τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τὰς ἁψῖδας, καὶ ἀγγέλους παρερχόμενοι, παρεστήκασιν αὐτῷ τῷ θρόνῳ τῷ βασιλικῷ. Ἵνα δὲ καὶ ἑτέρωθεν μάθῃς αὐτῶν τὴν εὐτέλειαν, τίς ἂν ταπεινωθείη; ὁ βοηθούμενος παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἢ ὁ πολεμούμενος; Εὔδηλον ὅτι ὁ πολεμούμενος. Οὐκοῦν ἄκουσον περὶ ἑκατέρων τούτων τί φησιν ἡ Γραφή. Ὁ Θεὸς ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται, ταπεινοῖς δὲ δίδωσι χάριν. Πάλιν σε καὶ ἕτερον ἐρήσομαι. Τίς ὑψηλότερος, ὁ ἱερώμενος τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ θυσίαν προσάγων, ἢ ὁ πόῤῥω που τῆς παῤῥησίας ὢν τῆς πρὸς αὐτόν; Καὶ ποίαν θυσίαν προσφέρει ὁ ταπεινός; φησίν. Ἄκουσον τοῦ Δαυῒδ λέγοντος: Θυσία τῷ Θεῷ πνεῦμα συντετριμμένον: καρδίαν συντετριμμένην καὶ τεταπεινωμένην ὁ Θεὸς οὐκ ἐξουδενώσει. Εἶδες τούτου τὸ καθαρόν; Βλέπε καὶ ἐκείνου τὸ ἀκάθαρτον. Ἀκάθαρτος γὰρ παρὰ Θεῷ πᾶς ὑψηλοκάρδιος. Πρὸς τούτοις ὁ μὲν ἔχει ἀναπαυόμενον ἐπ' αὐτῷ τὸν Θεόν. Ἐπὶ τίνα γὰρ ἐπιβλέψω, φησὶν, ἀλλ' ἢ ἐπὶ τὸν πρᾶον καὶ ἡσύχιον καὶ τρέμοντά μου τοὺς λόγους; ὁ δὲ μετὰ τοῦ διαβόλου σύρεται: ὁ γὰρ τετυφωμένος τὰ ἐκείνου πείσεται. Διὸ καὶ Παῦλος ἔλεγε: Μήπως τυφωθεὶς εἰς κρῖμα ἐμπέσῃ τοῦ διαβόλου. Καὶ τοὐναντίον δὲ οὗ βούλεται αὐτῷ συμβαίνει. Βούλεται μὲν γὰρ ἀπονοεῖσθαι, ὥστε τιμᾶσθαι: ὁ δὲ μάλιστα πάντων καταφρονούμενος οὗτός ἐστιν. Οἱ γὰρ καταγέλαστοι, οἱ πᾶσιν ἐχθροὶ καὶ πολέμιοι, οἱ εὐχείρωτοι τοῖς ἐχθροῖς, οἱ πρὸς ὀργὴν εὐέμπτωτοι, οἱ ἀκάθαρτοι παρὰ Θεῷ, οὗτοι μάλιστα πάντων εἰσί. Τί τοίνυν τούτου χεῖρον γένοιτ' ἄν; Τὸ γὰρ πέρας τοῦτό ἐστι τῶν κακῶν. Τί δὲ τῶν ταπεινῶν ἥδιον; τί δὲ μακαριώτερον, ὅταν ποθεινοὶ καὶ ἐπέραστοι ὦσι τῷ Θεῷ; Καὶ τῆς παρ' ἀνθρώπων δὲ οὗτοι μάλιστα ἀπολαύουσι δόξης, καὶ πάντες αὐτοὺς ὡς πατέρας τιμῶσιν, ὡς ἀδελφοὺς ἀσπάζονται, ὡς οἰκεῖα μέλη προσίενται. Γενώμεθα τοίνυν ταπεινοὶ, ἵνα γενώμεθα ὑψηλοί. Καὶ γὰρ μεθ' ὑπερβολῆς πολλῆς ταπεινοῖ ἡ ἀπόνοια. Τοῦτο ἐταπείνωσε τὸν Φαραώ. Οὐκ οἶδα γὰρ, φησὶ, τὸν Κύριον, καὶ μυιῶν καὶ βατράχων καὶ κάμπης ἐγένετο χείρων, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα αὐτοῖς ὅπλοις καὶ ἵπποις κατεποντίζετο. Ἀπεναντίας τούτῳ Ἀβραὰμ, Ἐγὼ δὲ, φησὶν, εἰμὶ γῆ καὶ σποδὸς, καὶ μυρίων βαρβάρων ἐκράτησε, καὶ εἰς μέσον ἐμπεσὼν Αἰγυπτίων, ἐπανῄει λαμπρότερον τοῦ προτέρου τρόπαιον φέρων, καὶ ταύτης ἀντεχόμενος τῆς ἀρετῆς ἀεὶ ὑψηλότερος ἐγίνετο. Διὰ τοῦτο ᾄδεται πανταχοῦ, διὰ τοῦτο στεφανοῦται καὶ ἀνακηρύττεται: ὁ δὲ Φαραὼ καὶ γῆ καὶ σποδὸς, καὶ εἴ τι τούτων εὐτελέστερον ἕτερον. Οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτως ἀποστρέφεται ὁ Θεὸς ὡς ὑπερηφανίαν. Διὰ τοῦτο ἐξ ἀρχῆς πάντα ἐποίησεν, ἵνα τοῦτο ἐξέλῃ τὸ πάθος. Διὰ τοῦτο θνητοὶ γεγόναμεν, καὶ ἐν λύπαις καὶ ἐν ὀδυρμοῖς: διὰ τοῦτο ἐν πόνῳ καὶ ἐν ἱδρῶτι καὶ ἐν ἐργασίᾳ διηνεκεῖ καὶ τεταλαιπωρημένῃ. Καὶ γὰρ ἐξ ἀπονοίας ἥμαρτεν ὁ πρῶτος ἄνθρωπος, προσδοκήσας ἰσοθεΐαν. Διὰ τοῦτο οὔτε ἅπερ εἶχεν ἔμεινεν ἔχων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τούτων ἐξέπεσε. Τοιοῦτον γὰρ ἡ ἀπόνοια: οὐ μόνον οὐδὲν ἡμῖν προστίθησι κατόρθωμα βίου, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἃ ἔχομεν ὑποτέμνεται: ὥσπερ οὖν ἡ ταπεινοφροσύνη οὐ μόνον τῶν ὄντων οὐδὲν ὑποτέμνεται, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ μὴ ὄντα προστίθησι. Ταύτην τοίνυν ζηλώσωμεν, ταύτην διώξωμεν, ἵνα καὶ τῆς παρούσης ἀπολαύσωμεν τιμῆς, καὶ τῆς μελλούσης ἐπιτύχωμεν δόξης, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ δόξα, κράτος, σὺν τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.