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cutting open the belly, tasted the liver. Yet they did not escape the eye that oversees all things, but they paid a worthy penalty for their audacity. For as many as partook of that abomination were deprived of all their teeth, which fell out at the same time, and they were deprived of their tongues; for these also fell into decay and rotted away; and they were deprived of their sight and through their sufferings proclaimed the power of piety. In Emesa, the neighboring city, they dedicated the newly built church to Dionysus the effeminate, setting up in it the ridiculous and androgynous statue. And in Dorostolum (this is a famous city of Thrace), Aemilianus, the victorious combatant, was handed over to the fire by Capitolinus, the governor of all Thrace. But the drama of Mark, the bishop of the Arethusians, requires the magniloquence of Aeschylus and Sophocles, that they might worthily recount his tragic sufferings in song. For since he, in the time of Constantius, had destroyed a certain 184 idolatrous shrine and built a church, the Arethusians, having learned Julian's purpose, laid bare their hostility. He at first attempted to flee according to the law of the gospel; but when he learned that some of those under him had been seized in his place, he returned and gave himself up to the blood-stained men. And when they seized him, they neither pitied him as an old man nor respected him as a promoter of virtue, but first they tortured the man who was adorned both in life and word, stripping his body and applying scourges to all his limbs; then, throwing him into foul-smelling sewers and bringing him up from there, they handed him over to a crowd of boys, ordering them to stab him mercilessly with their styluses. After these things, they put him into a wicker basket and, having smeared him with fish-sauce and honey, they suspended him in the open air in the height of summer, inviting wasps and bees alike to a feast. They did these things, compelling one of two things: either to rebuild the destroyed shrine or to pay the cost of the construction. But he endured those terrible sufferings, and promised to do none of the things proposed. But they, supposing he did not provide the money on account of poverty, remitted half of what was proposed, and ordered him to pay the rest; but he, being suspended and pricked by the styluses and eaten by the wasps and bees, not only did not show his pains, but even mocked the unholy ones and said that they were low-crawling and of the earth, but he himself 185 was lofty and raised on high. Finally they demanded a very small portion of the money; but he said it was equally impious to give even one obol as to give it all. Thus defeated, they released him, being utterly amazed at his endurance and being changed to the contrary through contrary means. For through his tongue they learned piety. And countless other things were dared at that time by the impious against the pious everywhere on land and sea. For from then on the God-hated one openly legislated against piety. And first he forbade the children of the Galileans (for so he named the followers of our Savior) to partake of the studies of poetry, rhetoric, and philosophy. "For with our own wings," he says, "according to the proverb, we are shot; for being armed from our own writings they undertake the war against us." After this he enacted another law, ordering the Galileans to be expelled from the army. At this time Athanasius again, the pentathlete champion of the truth, endured another danger. For the demons, not bearing the strength of Athanasius's tongue and prayer, armed their own ministers for slander against him. And they uttered many other cries, beseeching the champion of impiety to expel Athanasius, and they added this one too: "If Athanasius remains, no Hellene will remain; for he will convert them all to his own company." Julian, having received these supplications, 186 ordered not only that Athanasius be exiled, but also that he be killed. of the followers

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γαστέρα τεμόντες τοῦ ἥπατος ἀπεγεύσαντο. τὸν μέντοι πάντα ἐφορῶντα ὀφθαλμὸν οὐ διέφυγον, ἀλλ' ἔδοσαν ἀξίας τοῦ τολμήματος δίκας. ὅσοι γὰρ δὴ ἐκείνου τοῦ μύσους μετέλαχον ἐστερήθησαν μὲν τῶν ὀδόντων πάντων κατὰ ταὐτὸν ἐκπεπτωκότων, ἐστερήθησαν δὲ γλωττῶν· διέρευσαν γὰρ καὶ αὗται σηπεδόνι περιπεσοῦσαι· ἀφῃρέθησαν δὲ καὶ τὸ βλέπειν καὶ διὰ τῶν παθημάτων ἐκήρυττον τῆς εὐσεβείας τὴν δύναμιν. ἐν Ἐμέσῃ δὲ τῇ ὁμόρῳ πόλει ∆ιονύσῳ τῷ γύννιδι τὴν νεόδμητον ἀφιέρωσαν ἐκκλησίαν, τὸ καταγέλαστον καὶ ἀνδρόγυνον ἐν αὐτῇ ἱδρύσαντες ἄγαλμα. ἐν ∆οροστόλῳ δὲ (πόλις δὲ αὕτη τῆς Θρᾴκης ἐπίσημος) Αἰμιλιανὸς ὁ νικηφόρος ἀγωνιστὴς ὑπὸ Καπετωλίνου τοῦ τῆς Θρᾴκης ἁπάσης ἄρχοντος παρεδόθη πυρί. Τὸ δέ γε Μάρκου τοῦ Ἀρεθουσίων ἐπισκόπου δρᾶμα τῆς Αἰσχύλου καὶ Σοφοκλέους μεγαληγορίας δεῖται, ἵν' ἀξίως τὰ ἐκείνου τραγῳ δήσωσι πάθη. ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οὗτος ἐν τοῖς Κωνσταντίου καιροῖς εἰδω 184 λικόν τινα καταλύσας σηκὸν ἐκκλησίαν ἐδείματο, τὸν Ἰουλιανοῦ μεμαθηκότες Ἀρεθούσιοι σκοπὸν ἐγύμνωσαν τὴν δυσμένειαν. ὁ δὲ πρῶτον μὲν ἀποδρᾶναι κατὰ τὸν εὐαγγελικὸν ἐπειράθη νόμον· ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἔγνω τῶν ὑπ' αὐτὸν ἀντ' αὐτοῦ συνειλῆφθαί τινας, ἐπανῆκέ τε καὶ ἑαυτὸν τοῖς μιαιφόνοις ἐξέδωκεν. οἱ δὲ λαβόντες οὔτε ᾤκτειραν ὡς πρεσβύτην οὔτε ᾐδέσθησαν ὡς ἀρετῆς φροντιστήν, ἀλλὰ καὶ βίῳ καὶ λόγῳ τὸν ἄνδρα κοσμούμενον πρῶτον μὲν ᾐκίσαντο, τὸ σῶμα γυμνώσαντες καὶ τοῖς μέλεσιν ἅπασιν ἐπιθέντες τὰς μάστιγας· εἶτα εἰς ὑπονόμους δυσώδεις ἐμβαλόντες κἀκεῖθεν ἀναγαγόντες τῷ πλήθει τῶν μειρακίων παρέδοσαν, ἀφειδῶς αὐτὸν κατακεντεῖν ταῖς γραφίσι κελεύσαντες. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα εἰς γύργαθον ἐμβαλόντες καὶ γάρῳ καὶ μέλιτι χρίσαντες, ὑπαίθριον ᾐώρησαν ἐν θέρους ἀκμῇ, σφῆκας ὁμοῦ καὶ μελίττας εἰς θοίνην προκαλούμενοι. ταῦτα δὲ ἔδρων, δυοῖν θάτερον ἀναγκάζοντες, ἢ τὸν σηκὸν τὸν καταλυθέντα δομήσασθαι ἢ τὴν τῆς οἰκοδομίας ἐκτῖσαι δαπάνην. ὁ δὲ τῶν μὲν χαλεπῶν ἐκείνων παθημάτων ἠνείχετο, δράσειν δὲ τῶν προτεινομένων οὐδὲν ἐπηγγέλλετο. ἐκεῖνοι δὲ διὰ πενίαν αὐτὸν μὴ παρέχειν ὑπειληφότες τὰ χρήματα, τὰ μὲν ἡμίση τῶν προταθέντων ἠφίεσαν, τἄλλα δὲ ἐκτίνειν ἐκέλευον· ὁ δὲ ἐξηρτημένος καὶ ὑπό τε τῶν γραφίδων κεν τούμενος ὑπό τε τῶν σφηκῶν καὶ τῶν μελιττῶν ἐσθιόμενος, οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἐδήλου τὰς ἀλγηδόνας, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπετώθαζε τοῖς ἀνοσίοις καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοὺς μὲν εἶναι χαμαιζήλους καὶ περιγείους, ἑαυτὸν δὲ 185 ὑψηλὸν καὶ μετέωρον. τέλος δὲ βραχύ τι μόριον τῶν χρημάτων ἐξῄτησαν· ὁ δὲ ἴσον εἰς ἀσέβειαν ἔφη τὸ ὀβολὸν γοῦν ἕνα δοῦναι τῷ πάντα δοῦναι. οὕτως ἡττηθέντες ἀπέλυσαν, ὑπεραγασθέντες τὴν καρτερίαν καὶ διὰ τῶν ἐναντίων εἰς τἀναντία μετατεθέντες. διὰ γὰρ τῆς ἐκείνου γλώττης μετέμαθον τὴν εὐσέβειαν. Καὶ ἕτερα δὲ μυρία πανταχοῦ γῆς καὶ θαλάττης κατ' ἐκεῖνον τὸν καιρὸν ὑπὸ τῶν δυσσεβῶν κατὰ τῶν εὐσεβῶν ἐτολμήθη. καὶ γὰρ προφανῶς λοιπὸν ὁ θεομισὴς κατὰ τῆς εὐσεβείας ἐνομοθέτει. καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἀπηγόρευσε τῶν Γαλιλαίων τοὺς παῖδας (οὕτω γὰρ τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν τοὺς θιασώτας ὠνόμαζε) ποιητικῶν καὶ ῥητορικῶν καὶ φιλοσόφων μεταλαγχάνειν λόγων. "τοῖς οἰκείοις γάρ", φησί, "πτεροῖς κατὰ τὴν παροιμίαν βαλλόμεθα· ἐκ γὰρ τῶν ἡμετέρων συγγραμμάτων καθοπλιζόμενοι τὸν καθ' ἡμῶν ἀναδέχονται πόλεμον". μετὰ τοῦτον ἕτερον τέθεικε νόμον τοὺς Γαλιλαίους κελεύων τῆς στρατιᾶς ἐξελαύνεσθαι. Κατὰ τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον Ἀθανάσιος πάλιν ὁ πένταθλος τῆς ἀληθείας ἀγωνιστὴς ἕτερον ὑπέμεινε κίνδυνον. οὐκ ἐνεγκόντες γὰρ οἱ δαίμονες τῆς Ἀθανασίου γλώττης καὶ προσευχῆς τὴν ἰσχύν, τοὺς οἰκείους ὑπουργοὺς εἰς τὰς κατ' ἐκείνου λοιδορίας καθώπλισαν. καὶ πολλὰς μὲν καὶ ἄλλας ἀφῆκαν φωνάς, ἀντιβολοῦντες τὸν προστάτην τῆς ἀσεβείας ἐξελάσαι τὸν Ἀθανάσιον, προσέθεσαν δὲ καὶ ταύτην· "εἰ Ἀθανάσιος μένοι, οὐδεὶς Ἕλλην μενεῖ· ἅπαντας γὰρ εἰς τὸν οἰκεῖον μεταστήσει χορόν". ταύτας Ἰουλιανὸς τὰς ἱκετείας δεξάμενος 186 οὐκ ἐξελαθῆναι μόνον προσέταξεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀναιρεθῆναι τὸν Ἀθα νάσιον. τῶν δὲ θιασωτῶν