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is laid up within. So that not for a year only, as Alcinous of Odysseus, but for my whole life I would pray to listen to you, and that this life might become long for me on this account, and this though I am ill-disposed toward it. Why then do I write now, when I ought to be present? Because my ailing fatherland urges me to it. For you are not ignorant of what things it has suffered, O best of men; that in the manner of Pentheus certain real Maenads, demons, have torn it apart. For they divide it and divide it again, just as bad physicians make wounds more severe through their own inexperience. Since, then, it has grown weary from being cut up, it remains to treat it as one who is sick. Therefore, the citizens have sent, urging us, and it is necessary to go, not as if we will be of any benefit to the situation, but to avoid the blame for our absence. For you know how those in perplexity are quick to hope, and also, I suppose, quick to lay blame, always turning the causes upon what has been neglected. 74.2 And yet for this very reason I wanted to meet with you and give my opinion, or rather to exhort you to consider something vigorous and befitting your own spirit and not to overlook our fatherland, which has sunk to its knee, but, having gone to the Camp, to say with your characteristic boldness that they should not think they possess two provinces instead of one; for they did not import the other from some other inhabited world, but they have done something similar to as if someone possessing a horse or an ox, then having cut it in two, should think he has two instead of one; for he has neither made two and has destroyed the one; and to say to those in power not to increase the Empire in this way; for power is not in number, but in substance; since as it is, we believe that some, perhaps through ignorance of the truth, others through not wishing to cause pain with their words, and others because they do not care, are overlooking what is happening. If, then, it were possible for you yourself to go to the Emperor, this would be best for the situation, and fitting for the whole purpose of your life. But if it is difficult for other reasons and because of the season of the year and because of your age, which, as you yourself said, has indolence as its companion, yet to write a letter is no trouble at all. Therefore, by granting the help of your letters to our fatherland, first you will be conscious of having left undone none of the things within your power, and then indeed to those who are suffering, by the very act of appearing to grieve with them, you will give sufficient comfort. But would that it were possible for you yourself, by taking charge of affairs, to grasp the gloomy situation with your own eyes. For thus, perhaps, moved by the very vividness of what you saw, you might have uttered some voice fitting both to your own magnanimity and to the dejection of the city. But do not disbelieve us when we recount that we truly needed Simonides or some such lyric poet, who knows how to lament sufferings vividly. And yet why do I say Simonides, when I should say Aeschylus or if there is anyone else like him, who having vividly set forth the magnitude of a disaster, loudly lamented it? 74.3 For those assemblies and discussions, the meetings in the marketplace of renowned men, and all that formerly made our city famous have forsaken us. So that one concerned with culture and letters would now be less likely to appear entering the marketplace than formerly at Athens those condemned to dishonor or those whose hands were not clean. But in place of these things, the lack of culture of certain Scythians or Massagetae has been introduced. And there is one voice of those demanding and those being demanded from, and of those being torn by whips. The colonnades on either side, echoing gloomily, seem to emit a voice of their own, groaning over what is happening. The struggle for life does not allow us to think of closed gymnasia and starless nights. For the danger is no small one, that with the removal of those in power, everything will collapse as when supports have fallen. And what account could encompass our evils? Some have gone into exile, a part of our council, and not the meanest part, having preferred the perpetual exile of Podandus. And when I say Podandus, believe me to be speaking of the Laconian Ceadas, or if anywhere in the world

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ἐναπόκειται. Ὥστε οὐκ εἰς ἐνιαυτὸν μόνον, ὡς ὁ Ἀλκίνους τοῦ Ὀδυσσέως, ἀλλ' εἰς πάντα μου τὸν βίον εὐξαίμην ἄν σου ἀκούειν, καὶ μακρὸν ἄν μοι γενέσθαι τούτου γε ἕνεκα τοῦτον, καὶ ταῦτα δυσχερῶς πρὸς αὐτὸν διακείμενος, Τί δήποτ' οὖν ἐπιστέλλω νῦν, παρεῖναι δέον; Ὅτι με κάμνουσα ἡ πατρὶς ἐπείγει πρὸς ἑαυτήν. Οἷα γὰρ πέπονθεν οὐκ ἀγνοεῖς, ὦ ἄριστε· ὅτι Πενθέως τρόπον Μαινάδες ὄντως τινές, δαίμονες, αὐτὴν διεσπάσαντο. ∆ιαιροῦσι γὰρ αὐτὴν καὶ ἐπιδιαιροῦσιν, ὥσπερ οἱ κακοὶ τῶν ἰατρῶν χαλεπώτερα τὰ ἕλκη ποιοῦντες τῇ παρ' ἑαυτῶν ἀπειρίᾳ. Ἐπεὶ οὖν κέκμηκε κατατεμνομένη, λείπεται αὐτὴν θεραπεύειν ὡς ἀρρωστοῦσαν. Ἐπέστειλαν οὖν ἐπείγοντες ἡμᾶς οἱ πολῖται, καὶ ἀνάγκη ἀπαντᾶν, οὐχ ὥς τι ὄφελος ἐσομένους τοῖς πράγμασιν, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἐκ τῆς ἀπολείψεως μέμψιν ἐκκλίνοντας. Οἶσθα γὰρ ὡς εὔκολοι μὲν ἐλπίσαι οἱ ἀμηχανοῦντες, εὔκολοι δέ που καὶ κατα μέμψασθαι, ἐπὶ τὸ παρεθὲν ἀεὶ τρέποντες τὰς αἰτίας. 74.2 Καίτοι ἔγωγε καὶ αὐτοῦ τούτου ἕνεκεν ἐδεόμην σοι συνελθεῖν καὶ δοῦναι γνώμην, μᾶλλον δὲ παρακαλέσαι ἐνθυμηθῆναί τι νεανικὸν καὶ πρέπον τῷ σεαυτοῦ φρονή ματι καὶ εἰς γόνυ κλιθεῖσαν τὴν πατρίδα ἡμῶν μὴ περιιδεῖν, ἀλλὰ καταλαβόντα τὸ Στρατόπεδον εἰπεῖν μετὰ παρρησίας τῆς σῆς μήτοι νομίζειν αὐτοὺς δύο κεκτῆσθαι ἀντὶ μιᾶς ἐπαρχίας· οὐ γὰρ ἐξ ἄλλης τινὸς οἰκουμένης ἐπεισήγαγον τὴν ἑτέραν, ἀλλὰ παραπλήσιόν τι πεποιή κασιν ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις ἵππον ἢ βοῦν κεκτημένος, εἶτα δίχα διελών, δύο νομίζοι ἔχειν ἀνθ' ἑνός· οὔτε γὰρ δύο ἐποίησε καὶ τὸν ἕνα διέφθειρεν· εἰπεῖν δὲ καὶ τοῖς παραδυνασ τεύουσι μὴ τοῦτον αὔξειν τὸν τρόπον τὴν Βασιλείαν· οὐ γὰρ ἐν ἀριθμῷ εἶναι τὴν δύναμιν, ἀλλ' ἐν τοῖς πράγμασιν· ἐπεὶ νῦν γε ἡγούμεθα τοὺς μὲν ἀγνοίᾳ τῆς ἀληθείας ἴσως, τοὺς δὲ τῷ μὴ βούλεσθαι λυπεῖν τοῖς ῥήμασι, τοὺς δὲ καὶ οὐ μέλον αὐτοῖς, περιορᾶν τὰ γινόμενα. Εἰ μὲν οὖν ἦν δυνατὸν αὐτὸν ἐλθεῖν πρὸς Βασιλέα, τοῦτο κράτιστον μὲν τοῖς πράγμασι, πρέπον δέ σου τῇ ὅλῃ τοῦ βίου προαιρέσει. Εἰ δὲ βαρὺ ἄλλως καὶ διὰ τὴν ὥραν τοῦ ἔτους καὶ διὰ τὴν ἡλικίαν, ὡς αὐτὸς ἔφης, σύντροφον ἔχουσαν ἐν ἑαυτῇ τὸν ὄκνον, ἀλλὰ τό γε ἐπιστεῖλαι πόνος οὐδείς. Ὥστε, τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν γραμμάτων βοήθειαν χαρισάμενος τῇ πατρίδι, πρῶτον μὲν σαυτῷ συνειδήσεις μηδὲν τῶν εἰς δύναμιν ἡκόντων ἐλλελοιπότι, ἔπειτα μέντοι καὶ τοῖς κάμνουσιν, αὐτῷ τῷ φαίνεσθαι συναλγῶν, ἀρκοῦσαν δώσεις παραμυθίαν. Ἀλλ' εἴθε γὰρ ἦν οἷόν τε αὐτὸν ἐπιστάντα τοῖς πράγμασιν ὄψει λαβεῖν τὰ σκυθρωπά. Οὕτω γὰρ ἂν ἴσως ἀπ' αὐτῆς τῆς ἐναργείας τῶν ὁρωμένων συγκινηθεὶς ἀφῆκάς τινα φωνὴν πρέπουσαν καὶ τῇ σῇ μεγαλονοίᾳ καὶ τῇ κατηφείᾳ τῆς πόλεως. Σὺ δὲ ἀλλ' ἡμῖν διηγουμένοις μὴ ἀπιστήσῃς ὅτι Σιμωνίδου ὄντως ἤ τινος τοιούτου μελοποιοῦ ἐδεόμεθα, ἐναργῶς εἰδότος ἐπιστενάζειν τοῖς πάθεσι. Καίτοι τί λέγω Σιμωνίδην, δέον Αἰσχύλον εἰπεῖν ἢ εἰ δή τις ἕτερος παραπλησίως ἐκείνῳ, συμφορᾶς μέγεθος ἐναργῶς διαθέμενος, μεγαλοφώνως ὠδύρατο; 74.3 Σύλλογοι μὲν γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι καὶ λόγοι, αἱ κατ' ἀγορὰν συντυχίαι τῶν ἐλλογίμων ἀνδρῶν καὶ ὅσα πρότερον ἐποίει τὴν ἡμετέραν ὀνομαστὴν πόλιν ἡμᾶς ἐπιλελοίπασιν. Ὥστε τῶν περὶ παιδείαν καὶ λόγους ἧττον ἂν φανείη νῦν τις ἐμβαλὼν τῇ ἀγορᾷ ἢ Ἀθήνησι πρότερον οἱ ἀτιμίαν κατεγνωσμένοι ἢ τὰς χεῖρας ὄντες μὴ καθαροί. Ἀντεισῆκ ται δὲ τούτοις Σκυθῶν τινων ἢ Μασσαγετῶν ἀμουσία. Μία δὲ φωνὴ ἀπαιτούντων καὶ ἀπαιτουμένων καὶ ξαινο μένων ταῖς μάστιξι. Στοαὶ δ' ἑκατέρωθεν σκυθρωπὸν ἐπηχοῦσαι οἷον οἰκείαν δοκοῦσιν ἀφιέναι φωνὴν τοῖς γινομένοις ἐπιστενάζουσαι. Γυμνάσια δὲ κεκλεισμένα καὶ νύκτας ἀλαμπεῖς οὐκ ἐᾷ ἡμᾶς λογίζεσθαι ἡ περὶ τοῦ ζῆν ἀγωνία. Κίνδυνος γὰρ οὐχ ὁ τυχών, τῶν κρατούντων ὑφαιρεθέντων, ὥσπερ ἐρείσμασι πεσοῦσι συγκατενεχθῆναι τὰ πάντα. Καὶ τίς ἂν λόγος τῶν κακῶν τῶν ἡμετέρων ἐφίκοιτο; Οἳ μὲν οἴχονται φεύγοντες, μέρος τῆς βουλῆς ἡμῶν, οὐ τὸ φαυλότατον, τὴν ἀειφυγίαν Ποδανδοῦ προτιμήσαντες. Ὅταν δὲ Ποδανδὸν εἴπω, τὸν Κεάδαν με οἴου λέγειν τὸν Λακωνικὸν ἢ εἴ που τῆς οἰκουμένης