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For to them these things seem to be pleasant, he says. But for this very reason, then, they would be wretched, because they consider things that are not pleasant to be pleasant. Thus they also consider the punishment of sin to be worse; but it is not, but entirely the opposite. For if it were evil for sinners, God would not have added evils to evils, nor would he have wished to make them worse; for he who does all things so that wickedness might be extinguished, would not have increased it. Therefore, being punished is not an evil for the offender, but for one in such a state not to be punished, just as for one who is sick not to be healed. For nothing is so evil as an unseemly desire; and when I say unseemly, I mean that of luxury, and that of untimely glory, and that of power, and simply that for all things beyond what is necessary. For such a person, living a soft and dissipated life, seems to be more blessed than all, but is more wretched than all, introducing harsh mistresses and tyrants into his soul. For this reason God made our present life toilsome 60.473 for us, that he might deliver us from that slavery, and lead us into pure freedom; for this reason he both threatened punishment, and assigned labors to our life, tightening what is lax. Thus, indeed, the Jews, when they were bound to the clay and the brick-making, were both reasonable and called upon God continually, but when they enjoyed freedom, they both murmured, and provoked the Lord, and entangled themselves in countless evils. What then, he says, would you say to those who have often been overthrown by affliction? That the overthrow is not the work of the affliction, but of their weakness. For if someone having a sick stomach should not accept a bitter medicine able to cleanse him, but should even be worn out by it, we will not blame the medicine, but the sickness of the member, just as in this case the fickleness of the mind. For he who is overthrown by affliction will suffer this much more from ease; for if he falls while bound (for this is affliction), much more when unbound; if he is overthrown while being tightened, much more when slackened. And how shall I be able, he says, not to be overthrown when afflicted? If you consider that, whether you will or not, you will bear what has been inflicted; but if you do so with gratitude, you will gain the greatest things, but if you are vexed and distressed and speak ill, you will neither make the calamity less thereby, and you will make the turmoil greater. Therefore, considering these things, let us make what is of necessity to be of our own choice; for example; One man has lost a legitimate child, another his entire substance; if you consider that it is not possible for what has happened to be undone, but it is possible to reap some fruit even from the incurable calamity by bearing what has happened nobly, and instead of ill-omened words you offer praise to the Lord, thus the evils inflicted against your will shall become for you achievements of choice. Have you seen a son snatched away untimely? Say, The Lord gave, the Lord has taken away. Have you seen your substance emptied? Say, Naked I came from my mother’s womb, and naked shall I depart. Have you seen the wicked prospering, and the just faring ill and suffering countless terrible things, and you have not known how to find the cause of what has happened? Say, I have become like a beast before you, yet I am continually with you. But if you also seek the cause, consider that he has set a day, on which he is to judge the world, and you will cast out all doubt; for then each one will receive his due, like Lazarus and the rich man. Remember 60.474 the apostles; for they too, being scourged and driven out and suffering countless things, rejoiced that they were counted worthy to suffer dishonor for the name of Christ. So you too, if you fall ill, bear it nobly, and give thanks to God, and thus you will receive the same reward as they. But how, being in sickness and pains, will you be able to give thanks to the Lord? If you love him genuinely. For if the three young men, having fallen into a furnace, and others being in prisons and in countless other evils, did not cease giving thanks; much more so those who are in sickness and in grievous illnesses

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Ἐκείνοις γὰρ ἡδέα ταῦτα εἶναι δοκεῖ, φησίν. Ἀλλὰ δι' αὐτὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦτο ἂν εἶεν ἄθλιοι, ὅτι καὶ ἡδέα νομίζουσιν εἶναι τὰ οὐχ ἡδέα. Οὕτω καὶ τὴν κόλασιν τῆς ἁμαρτίας χείρω τίθενται· οὐκ ἔστι δὲ, ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον ἅπαν. Εἰ γὰρ κακὸν ἦν τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν, οὐκ ἂν προσέθηκε κακοῖς κακὰ ὁ Θεὸς, οὐδὲ χείρους ἂν αὐτοὺς ποιῆσαι ἐθέλησεν· ὁ γὰρ πάντα ποιῶν, ὥστε σβεσθῆναι τὴν κακίαν, οὐκ ἂν αὐτὴν ηὔξησεν. Οὐκ ἄρα τὸ κολάζεσθαι κακὸν τῷ πλημμελοῦντι, ἀλλὰ τὸ οὕτως ἔχοντα μὴ κολάζεσθαι, ὥσπερ οὖν τὸ τὸν ἀῤῥωστοῦντα μὴ θεραπεύεσθαι. Οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτω κακὸν ὡς ἐπιθυμία ἄτοπος· ἄτοπον δὲ ὅταν εἴπω, καὶ τὴν τῆς τρυφῆς λέγω, καὶ τὴν τῆς δόξης τῆς ἀκαίρου, καὶ τὴν τῆς δυναστείας, καὶ τὴν ἁπάντων ἁπλῶς τῶν ὑπὲρ τὴν χρείαν πραγμάτων. Ὁ γὰρ τοιοῦτος ὁ τὸν ὑγρὸν καὶ διαλελυμένον ζῶν βίον, δοκεῖ μὲν πάντων εἶναι μακαριώτερος, πάντων δέ ἐστιν ἀθλιώτερος, δεσποίνας χαλεπὰς καὶ τυράννους ἐπεισάγων αὐτοῦ τῇ ψυχῇ. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ἐπίπονον ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῖν τὸν πάροντα ἐποίη 60.473 σε βίον, ἵνα ἐκείνης ἡμᾶς ἀπαλλάξῃ τῆς δουλείας, καὶ εἰς καθαρὰν ἐλευθερίαν ἀγάγῃ· διὰ τοῦτο καὶ κόλασιν ἠπείλησε, καὶ πόνους συνεκλήρωσεν ἡμῶν τῇ ζωῇ, τὸ χαῦνον ἐπισφίγγων. Οὕτω γοῦν καὶ οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, ὅτε μὲν τῷ πηλῷ καὶ τῇ πλινθουργίᾳ προσδεδεμένοι ἦσαν, καὶ ἐπιεικεῖς ἦσαν, καὶ τὸν Θεὸν ἐκάλουν συνεχῶς, ὅτε δὲ ἐλευθερίας ἀπήλαυσαν, καὶ ἐγόγγυζον, καὶ παρώξυναν τὸν ∆εσπότην, καὶ μυρίοις ἑαυτοὺς περιέπειρον κακοῖς. Τί οὖν, φησὶν, ἂν εἴποις πρὸς τοὺς ὑπὸ θλίψεως περιτραπέντας πολλάκις; Ὅτι οὐ τῆς θλίψεως ἔργον ἡ περιτροπὴ, ἀλλὰ τῆς ἀσθενείας τῆς ἐκείνων. Οὐδὲ γὰρ, εἴ τις στόμαχον ἄῤῥωστον ἔχων, μὴ δέχοιτο πικρὸν φάρμακον δυνάμενον αὐτὸν καθᾶραι, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπιτρίβοιτο, οὐ τὸ φάρμακον αἰτιασόμεθα, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἀῤῥωστίαν τοῦ μέλους, ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ ἐνταῦθα τὴν εὐκολίαν τῆς γνώμης. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ ὑπὸ θλίψεως περιτρεπόμενος, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὑπὸ ἀνέσεως τοῦτο πείσεται· εἰ γὰρ δεδεμένος πίπτει (τοῦτο γὰρ ἡ θλῖψις), πολλῷ μᾶλλον λελυμένος· εἰ σφιγγόμενος περιτρέπεται, πολλῷ μᾶλλον χαυνούμενος. Καὶ πῶς δυνήσομαι, φησὶ, μὴ περιτραπῆναι θλιβόμενος; Ἂν ἐννοήσῃς ὅτι, κἂν θέλῃς κἂν μὴ θέλῃς, οἴσεις τὸ ἐπενεχθέν· ἀλλ' ἂν μὲν εὐχαρίστως, κερδανεῖς τὰ μέγιστα, ἂν δὲ ἀποδυσπετῶν καὶ ἀλύων καὶ δυσφημῶν, οὔτε τὴν συμφορὰν ἐλάττω ταύτῃ ποιήσεις, καὶ μεῖζον ἐργάσῃ τὸ κλυδώνιον. Ταῦτα οὖν ἐννοοῦντες, ὃ τῆς ἀνάγκης ἐστὶ, ποιῶμεν τῆς προαιρέσεως εἶναι τῆς ἡμετέρας· οἷόν τι λέγω· Παῖδά τις ἀπέβαλε γνήσιον, τὴν οὐσίαν ἕτερος ἅπασαν· ἂν ἐννοήσῃς, ὅτι λυθῆναι μὲν τὸ γεγενημένον οὐκ ἔνι, ἔνι δέ τι καρπώσασθαι καὶ ἐκ τῆς ἀνιάτου συμφορᾶς τὸ γενναίως ἐνεγκεῖν τὸ συμβὰν, καὶ ἀντὶ τῶν ῥημάτων τῶν δυσφήμων εὐφημίαν ἀνενέγκῃς τῷ ∆εσπότῃ, οὕτω τὰ ἀβουλήτως ἐπενεχθέντα κακὰ, προαιρέσεως ἔσται σοι κατορθώματα. Εἶδες υἱὸν ἁρπαγέντα ἄωρον; Εἰπὲ, Ὁ Κύριος ἔδωκεν, ὁ Κύριος ἀφείλετο. Εἶδες οὐσίαν κενωθεῖσαν; Εἰπὲ, Γυμνὸς ἐξῆλθον ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός μου, γυμνὸς καὶ ἀπελεύσομαι. Εἶδες πονηροὺς εὐπραγοῦντας, καὶ δικαίους δυσημεροῦντας καὶ μυρία πάσχοντας δεινὰ, οὐκ ἔγνως δὲ τῶν γενομένων εὑρεῖν τὴν αἰτίαν; Εἰπὲ, Κτηνώδης ἐγενόμην παρὰ σοὶ, πλὴν ἐγὼ διαπαντὸς μετὰ σοῦ. Εἰ δὲ καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν ζητεῖς, ἐννόησον ὅτι ἔστησεν ἡμέραν, καθ' ἢν μέλλει κρίνειν τὴν οἰκουμένην, καὶ πᾶσαν ἐκβαλεῖς ἀπορίαν· τὴν γὰρ ἀξίαν τότε ἕκαστος ἀπολήψεται, ὥσπερ ὁ Λάζαρος καὶ ὁ πλούσιος. Ἀναμνήσθητι 60.474 τῶν ἀποστόλων· καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι μαστιζόμενοι καὶ ἐλαυνόμενοι καὶ μυρία πάσχοντες, ἔχαιρον ὅτι κατηξιώθησαν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἀτιμασθῆναι. Καὶ σὺ τοίνυν ἂν ἀῤῥωστήσῃς, φέρε γενναίως, καὶ τῷ Θεῷ χάριτας ὡμολόγει, καὶ οὕτω τὸν αὐτὸν ἐκείνοις λήψῃ μισθόν. Πῶς δὲ ἐν ἀῤῥωστίᾳ ὢν καὶ ὀδύναις δυνήσῃ τῷ ∆εσπότῃ χάριν εἰδέναι; Ἂν φιλῇς αὐτὸν γνησίως. Εἰ γὰρ εἰς κάμινον ἐμπεσόντες οἱ παῖδες οἱ τρεῖς, καὶ ἐν δεσμωτηρίοις ὄντες ἕτεροι καὶ ἐν μυρίοις ἄλλοις κακοῖς, οὐ διέλιπον εὐχαριστοῦντες· πολλῷ μᾶλλον οἱ ἐν νόσοις ὄντες καὶ ἐν ἀῤῥωστίαις χαλεπαῖς