Homily LXIX.

Matt. XXII. 1-14.

“And Jesus answered and spake again2579   [The order here is slightly varied, and “unto them” is omitted. With these exceptions the entire passage is in verbal agreement with the received text.—R.]in parables. The kingdom of Heaven is like unto a certain king, which made a marriage2580   [R.V., “marriage feast.”]for his son; and sent forth his servants to call them which were bidden to the wedding; and they would not come. Again, he sent forth other servants, saying, Tell them which are bidden, I have prepared my dinner; my oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are ready; come unto the marriage. But they made light of it, and went their ways, one to his farm, another to his merchandise: and the remnant took his servants, and entreated them spitefully, and slew them.”2581   [Verses 7–14 do not appear in the Greek text of Migne’s edition, but are added in the Oxford translation, and in Field’s Greek text.—R.]

Seest thou both in the former parable and in this the difference between the Son and the servants? Seest thou at once the great affinity between both parables, and the great difference also? For this also indicates God’s long-suffering, and His great providential care, and the Jews’ ingratitude.

But this parable hath something also more than the other. For it proclaims beforehand both the casting out of the Jews, and the calling of the Gentiles; and it indicates together with this also the strictness of the life required, and how great the punishment appointed for the careless.

And well is this placed after the other. For since He had said, “It shall be given to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof,” He declares next to what kind of nation; and not this only, but He also again sets forth His providential care towards the Jews as past utterance. For there He appears before His crucifixion bidding them; but here even after He is slain, He still urges them, striving to win them over. And when they deserved to have suffered the most grievous punishment, then He both presses them to the marriage, and honors them with the highest honor. And see how both there He calls not the Gentiles first, but the Jews, and here again. But as there, when they would not receive Him, but even slew Him when He was come, then He gave away the vineyard; thus here too, when they were not willing to be present at the marriage, then He called others.

What then could be more ungrateful than they, when being bidden to a marriage they rush away? For who would not choose to come to a marriage, and that a King’s marriage, and of a King making a marriage for a Son?

And wherefore is it called a marriage? one may say. That thou mightest learn God’s tender care, His yearning towards us, the cheerfulness of the state of things, that there is nothing sorrowful there, nor sad, but all things are full of spiritual joy. Therefore also John calls Him a bridegroom, therefore Paul again saith, “For I have espoused you to one husband;”2582   2 Cor. xi. 2.and, “This is a great mystery, but I speak concerning Christ and the Church.”2583   Eph. v. 32.

Why then is not the bride said to be espoused to Him, but to the Son? Because she that is espoused to the Son, is espoused to the Father. For it is indifferent in Scripture that the one or the other should be said, because of the identity2584   ἀπαρλλακτον .of the substance.

Hereby He proclaimed the resurrection also. For since in what went before He had spoken of the death, He shows that even after the death, then is the marriage, then the bridegroom.

But not even so do these become better men nor more gentle, than which what can be worse? For this again is a third accusation. The first that they killed the prophets; then the son; afterwards that even when they had slain Him, and were bidden unto the marriage of Him that was slain, by the very one that was slain, they come not, but feign excuses, yokes of oxen, and pieces of ground, and wives. And yet the excuses seem to be reasonable; but hence we learn, though the things which hinder us be necessary, to set the things spiritual at a higher price than all.

And He not suddenly, but a long time before. For, “Tell,” He saith, “them that are bidden;” and again, “Call them that were bidden;” which circumstance makes the charge against them heavier. And when were they bidden? By all the prophets; by John again; for unto Christ he would pass all on, saying, “He must increase, I must decrease;”2585   John iii. 30.by the Son Himself again, “Come unto me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will refresh you;”2586   Matt. xi. 28. [“Refresh” is the rendering of the Greek term answering to “give rest” in the English versions.—R.]and again, “If any man thirst, let him come unto me, and drink.”2587   John vii. 37.

But not by words only, but also by actions did He bid them, after His ascension by Peter, and those with him. “For He that wrought effectually in Peter,” it is said, “to the apostleship of the circumcision, was mighty also in me towards the Gentiles.”2588   Gal. ii. 8. [R.V., “wrought for” twice; the Greek verb is the same in both clauses.—R.]

For since on seeing the Son, they were wroth and slew Him, He bids them again by His servants. And unto what doth He bid them? Unto labors, and toils, and sweat? Nay but unto pleasure. For, “My oxen,” He saith, “and my fatlings are killed.” See how complete His banquet,2589   πση πανδαισα.how great His munificence.

And not even this shamed them, but the more long-suffering He showed, so much the more were they hardened. For not for press of business, but from “making light of it,” they did not come.

“How then do some bring forward marriages, others yokes of oxen? these things surely are of want of leisure.”

By no means, for when spiritual things call us, there is no press of business that has the power of necessity.

And to me they seem moreover to make use of these excuses, putting forward these things as cloke for their negligence. And not this only is the grievous thing, that they came not, but also that which is a far more violent and furious act, to have even beaten them that came, and to have used them despitefully, and to have slain them; this is worse than the former. For those others came, demanding produce and fruits, and were slain; but these, bidding them to the marriage of Him that had been slain by them, and these again are murdered.

What is equal to this madness? This Paul also was laying to their charge, when he said, “Who both killed the Lord, and their own prophets, and have persecuted us.”2590   1 Thess. ii. 15. [R.V., “and drove out us.”]

Moreover, that they may not say, “He is an adversary of God, and therefore we do not come,” hear what they say who are bidding them; that it is the father who is making the marriage, and that it is He who is bidding them.

What then did He after these things? Since they were not willing to come, yea and also slew those that came unto them; He burns up their cities, and sent His armies and slew them.

And these things He saith, declaring beforehand the things that took place under Vespasian and Titus, and that they provoked the father also, by not believing in Him; it is the father at any rate who was avenging.

And for this reason let me add, not straightway after Christ was slain did the capture take place, but after forty years, that He might show His long suffering, when they had slain Stephen, when they had put James to death, when they had spitefully entreated the apostles.

Seest thou the truth of the event, and its quickness? For while John was yet living, and many other of them that were with Christ, these things came to pass, and they that had heard these words were witnesses of the events.

See then care utterable. He had planted a vineyard; He had done all things, and finished; when His servants had been put to death, He sent other servants; when those had been slain, He sent the son; and when He was put to death, He bids them to the marriage. They would not come. After this He sends other servants, and they slew these also.

Then upon this He slays them, as being incurably diseased. For that they were incurably diseased, was proved not by their acts only, but by the fact, that even when harlots and publicans had believed, they did these things. So that, not by their own crimes alone, but also from what others were able to do aright, these men are condemned,

But if any one should say, that not then were they out of the Gentiles called, I mean, when the apostles had been beaten and had suffered ten thousand things, but straightway after the resurrection (for then He said to them, “Go ye and make disciples of all nations.”2591   Matt. xxviii. 19.) We would say, that both before the crucifixion, and after the crucifixion, they addressed themselves to them first. For both before the crucifixion, He saith to them, “Go to the lost sheep of the house of Israel;”2592   Matt. x. 6.and after the crucifixion, so far from forbidding, He even commanded them to address themselves to the Jews. For though He said, “Make disciples of all nations,” yet when on the point of ascending into Heaven, He declared that unto those first they were to address themselves; For, “ye shall receive power,” saith He, “after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you, and ye shall be witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem, and in all Judæa, and unto the uttermost part of the earth;”2593   Acts i. 8.and Paul again, “He that wrought effectually in Peter to the apostleship of the circumcision, was mighty in me also toward the Gentiles.”2594   Gal. ii. 8. [Comp. note 7, p. 421.] Therefore the apostles also went first unto the Jews, and when they had tarried a long time in Jerusalem, and then had been driven away by them, in this way they were scattered abroad unto the Gentiles.

2. And see thou even herein His bounty; “As many as ye shall find,” saith He, “bid to the marriage.” For before this, as I said, they addressed themselves both to Jews and Greeks, tarrying for the most part in Judæa; but since they continued to lay plots against them, hear Paul interpreting this parable, and saying thus, “It was necessary that the word of God should first have been spoken to you, but since ye judge yourselves unworthy, lo, we turn to the Gentiles.”2595   Acts xiii. 46. [Slightly abridged.]

Therefore Christ also saith, “The wedding is ready, but they which were bidden were not worthy.”

He knew this indeed even before, but that He might leave them no pretext of a shameless sort of contradiction, although He knew it, to them first He both came and sent, both stopping their mouths, and teaching us to fulfill all our parts, though no one should derive any profit.

Since then they were not worthy, go ye, saith He, into the highways, and as many as ye shall find, bid; both the common sort, and the outcasts. For because He had said in every way,2596   Or, “repeatedly.”“The harlots and publicans shall inherit heaven;” and, “The first shall be last, and the last first;” He shows that justly do these things come to pass; which more than anything stung the Jews, and goaded them far more grievously than their overthrow, to see those from the Gentiles brought into their privileges, and into far greater than theirs.

Then in order that not even these should put confidence in their faith alone, He discourses unto them also concerning the judgment to be passed upon wicked actions; to them that have not yet believed, of coming unto Him by faith, and to them that have believed, of care with respect to their life. For the garment is life and practice.

And yet the calling was of grace; wherefore then doth He take a strict account? Because although to be called and to be cleansed was of grace, yet, when called and clothed in clean garments, to continue keeping them so, this is of the diligence of them that are called.

The being called was not of merit, but of grace. It was fit therefore to make a return for the grace, and not to show forth such great wickedness after the honor. “But I have not enjoyed,” one may say, “so much advantage as the Jews.” Nay, but thou hast enjoyed far greater benefits. For what things were being prepared for them throughout all their time, these thou hast received at once, not being worthy. Wherefore Paul also saith, “And that the Gentiles might glorify God for His mercy.”2597   Rom. xv. 9. For what things were due to them, these thou hast received.

Wherefore also great is the punishment appointed for them that have been remiss. For as they did despite by not coming, so also thou by thus sitting down with a corrupt life. For to come in with filthy garments is this namely, to depart hence having one’s life impure; wherefore also he was speechless.

Seest thou how, although the fact was so manifest, He doth not punish at once, until he himself, who has sinned, has passed the sentence? For by having nothing to reply he condemned himself, and so is taken away to the unutterable torments.

For do not now, on hearing of darkness, suppose he is punished by this, by sending into a place where there is no light only, but where “there is” also “weeping and gnashing of teeth.”2598   Matt. xxii. 13. And this He saith, indicating the intolerable pains.

Hear ye, as many as having partaken of the mysteries, and having been present at the marriage, clothe your souls with filthy deeds. Hear whence ye were called.

From the highway. Being what? Lame and halt in soul, which is a much more grievous thing than the mutilation of the body. Reverence the love of Him, who called you, and let no one continue to have filthy garments, but let each of you busy himself about the clothing of your soul.

Hear, ye women; hear, ye men; we need not these garments that are bespangled with gold, that adorn our outward parts,2599   [The clause in italics is not found in the mss. collated by Field, but occurs in the Benedictine edition.—R.]but those others, that adorn the inward. Whilst we have these former, it is difficult to put on those latter. It is not possible at the same time to deck both soul and body. It is not possible at the same time both to serve mammon, and to obey Christ as we ought.

Let us put off us therefore this grievous tyranny. For neither if any one were to adorn thy house by hanging it with golden curtains, and were to make thee sit there in rags, naked, wouldest thou endure it with meekness. But lo, now thou doest this to thyself, decking the house of thy soul, I mean the body, with curtains beyond number, but leaving the soul itself to sit in rags. Knowest thou not that the king ought to be adorned more than the city? so therefore while for the city hangings are prepared of linen, for the king there is a purple robe and a diadem. Even so do thou wrap the body with a much meaner dress, but the mind do thou clothe in purple, and put a crown on it, and set it on a high and conspicuous chariot. For now thou art doing the opposite, decking the city in various ways, but suffering the king, the mind, to be dragged bound after the brute passions.

Rememberest thou not, that thou art bidden to a marriage, and to God’s marriage? Considerest thou not how the soul that is bidden ought to enter into those chambers, clad, and decked with fringes of gold.

3. Wilt thou that I show thee them that are clad thus, them that have on a marriage garment?

Call to mind those holy persons, of whom I discoursed to you of late, them that wear garments of hair, them that dwell in the deserts. These above all are the wearers of the garments of that wedding; this is evident from hence, that how many soever purple robes thou wert to give them, they would not choose to receive them; but much as a king, if any one were to take the beggar’s rags, and exhort him to put them on, would abhor the clothing, so would those persons also his purple robe. And from no other cause have they this feeling, but because of knowing the beauty of their own raiment. Therefore even that purple robe they spurn like the spider’s web. For these things hath their sackcloth taught them; for indeed they are far more exalted and more glorious than the very king who reigns.

And if thou wert able to open the doors of the mind, and to look upon their soul, and all their ornaments within, surely thou wouldest fall down upon the earth, not bearing the glory of their beauty, and the splendor of those garments, and the lightning brightness of their conscience.

For we could tell also of men of old, great and to be admired; but since visible examples lead on more those of grosser souls, therefore do I send you even to the tabernacles of those holy persons. For they have nothing sorrowful, but as if in heaven they had pitched their tents, even so are they encamped far off the wearisome things of this present life, in campaign against the devils; and as in choirs, so do they war against him. Therefore I say, they have fixed their tents, and have fled from cities, and markets, and houses. For he that warreth cannot sit in a house, but he must make his habitation of a temporary kind, as on the point of removing straightway, and so dwell. Such are all those persons, contrary to us. For we indeed live not as in a camp, but as in a city at peace.

For who in a camp ever lays foundation, and builds himself a house, which he is soon after to leave? There is not one; but should any one attempt it, he is put to death as a traitor. Who in a camp buys acres of land, and makes for himself trades? There is not one, and very reasonably. “For thou art come here,” they would say, “to fight, not to traffic; why then dost thou trouble thyself about the place, which in a little time thou wilt leave? When we are gone away to our country, do these things.”

The same do I now say to thee also. When we have removed to the city that is above, do these things: or rather thou wilt have no need of labors there; after that the king will do all things for thee. But here it is enough to dig a ditch round only, and to fix a palisade, but of building houses there is no need.

Hear what was the life of the Scythians, that lived in their wagons, such, as they say, are the habits of the shepherd tribes. So ought Christians to live; to go about the world, warring against the devil, rescuing the captives held in subjection by him, and to be in freedom from all worldly things.

Why preparest thou a house, O man, that thou mayest bind thyself more? Why dost thou bury a treasure, and invite the enemy against thyself? Why dost thou compass thyself with walls, and prepare a prison for thyself?

But if these things seem to thee to be hard, let us go away unto the tents of those men, that by their deeds we may learn the easiness thereof. For they having set up huts, if they must depart from these, depart like as soldiers, having left their camp in peace. For so likewise are they encamped, or rather even much more beautifully.

For indeed it is more pleasant to behold a desert containing huts of monks in close succession, than soldiers stretching the canvas in a camp, and fixing spears, and suspending from the point of the spears saffron garments,2600   φρη κροκωτ.and a multitude of men having heads of brass, and the bosses of the shields glistening much, and men armed all throughout with steel, and royal courts hastily made, and ground levelled far, and men dining and piping. For neither is this spectacle so delightful as that of which I now speak.

For if we were to go away into the wilderness, and look at the tents of Christ’s soldiers, we shall see not canvas stretched, neither points of spears, nor golden garments making a royal pavilion; but like as if any one upon an earth much larger than this earth, yea infinite, had stretched out many heavens, strange and awful would be the sight he showed; even so may one see here.

For in nothing are their lodging-places in a condition inferior to the heavens; for the angels lodge with them, and the Lord of the angels. For if they came to Abraham, a man having a wife, and bringing up children, because they saw him hospitable; when they find much more abundant virtue, and a man delivered from the body, and in the flesh disregarding the flesh, much more do they tarry there, and celebrate the choral feast that becomes them. For there is moreover a table amongst them pure from all covetousness, and full of self-denial.

No streams of blood are amongst them, nor cutting up of flesh, nor heaviness of head, nor dainty cooking, neither are there unpleasing smells of meat amongst them, nor disagreeable smoke, neither runnings and tumults, and disturbances, and wearisome clamors; but bread and water, the latter from a pure fountain, the former from honest labor. But if any time they should be minded to feast more sumptuously, their sumptuousness consists of fruits, and greater is the pleasure there than at royal tables. There is no fear there, or trembling; no ruler accuses, no wife provokes, no child casts into sadness, no dis orderly mirth dissipates, no multitude of flatterers puffs up; but the table is an angel’s table free from all such turmoil.

And for a couch they have grass only beneath them, like as Christ did when making a dinner in the wilderness. And many of them do this, not being even under shelter, but for a roof they have heaven, and the moon instead of the light of a candle, not wanting oil, nor one to attend to it; on them alone does it shine worthily from on high.

4. This table even angels from heaven beholding are delighted and pleased. For if over one sinner that repenteth they rejoice, over so many just men imitating them, what will they not do? There are not master and slave; all are slaves, all free men. And do not think the saying to be a dark proverb, for they are indeed slaves one of another, and masters one of another.

They have no occasion to be in sadness when evening has overtaken them, as many men feel, revolving the anxious thoughts that spring from the evils of the day. They have no occasion after their supper to be careful about robbers, and to shut the doors, and to put bars against them, neither to dread the other ills, of which many are afraid, extinguishing their candles with strict care, lest a spark anywhere should set the house on fire.

And their conversation again is full of the same calm. For they talk not of these things, whereof we discourse, that are nothing to us; such a one is made governor, such a one has ceased to be governor; such a one is dead, and another has succeeded to the inheritance, and all such like, but always about the things to come do they speak and seek wisdom; and as though dwelling in another world, as though they had migrated unto heaven itself, as living there, even so all their conversation is about the things there, about Abraham’s bosom, about the crowns of the saints, about the choiring with Christ; and of things present they have neither any memory nor thought, but like as we should not deign to speak at all of what the ants do in their holes and clefts; so neither do they of what we do; but about the King that is above, about the war in which they are engaged, about the devil’s crafts, about the good deeds which the saints have achieved.

Wherein therefore are we different from ants, when compared with them? For like as they care for the things of the body, so also do we; and would it were for these alone: but now it is even for things far worse. For not for necessary things only do we care like them, but also for things superfluous. For those insects pursue a business free from all blame, but we follow after all covetousness, and not even the ways of ants do we imitate, but the ways of wolves, but the ways of leopards, or rather we are even worse than these. For to them nature has assigned that they should be thus fed, but us God hath honored with speech, and a sense of equity,2601   ἰσονομ.and we are become worse than the wild beasts.

And whereas we are worse than the brutes, those men are equal to the angels, being strangers and pilgrims as to the things here; and all things in them are made different from us, clothing, and food, and house, and shoes, and speech. And if any one were to hear them conversing and us, then he would know full well, how they indeed are citizens of heaven, but we are not worthy so much as of the earth.

So that therefore, when any one invested with rank is come unto them, then is all inflated pride found utterly vain. For the laborer there, and he that hath no experience of worldly affairs, sits near him that is a commander of troops, and prides himself on his authority, upon the grass, upon a mean cushion. For there are none to extol him, none to puff him up; but the same result takes place, as if any one were to go to a goldsmith, and a garden of roses, for he receives some brightness from the gold and from the roses; so they too, gaining a little from the splendor of these, are delivered from their former arrogance. And like as if any were to go upon a high place, though he be exceedingly short, he appears high; so these too, coming unto their exalted minds, appear like them, so long as they abide there, but when they are gone down are abased again, on descending from that height.

A king is nothing amongst them, a governor is nothing; but like as we, when children are playing at these things, laugh; so do they also utterly spurn the inflamed pride of them who strut without. And this is evident from hence, that if any one would give them a kingdom to possess in security, they would never take it; yet they would take it, unless their thoughts were upon what is greater than it, unless they accounted the thing to be but for a season.

What then? Shall we not go over unto blessedness so great? Shall we not come unto these angels; shall we not receive clean garments, and join in the ceremonies of this wedding feast; but shall we continue begging, in no respect in a better condition than the poor in the streets, or rather in a state far worse and more wretched? For much worse than these are they that are rich in evil ways, and it is better to beg than to spoil, for the one hath excuse, but the other brings punishment; and the beggar in no degree offends God, but this other both men and God; and undergoes the labors of rapine, but all the enjoyment thereof other men often reap.

Knowing then these things, let us lay aside all covetousness, and covet the things above, with great earnestness “taking the kingdom by force.”2602   Matt. xi. 12. For it cannot be, it cannot be that any one who is remiss should enter therein.

But God grant that we all having become earnest, and watchful may attain thereto, by the grace and love towards man of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory and might, world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΞΘʹ. Καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπε πάλιν ἐν παραβο λαῖς: Ὡμοιώθη ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν ἀνθρώπῳ βασιλεῖ, ὅστις ἐποίησε γάμους τῷ υἱῷ αὐτοῦ. Καὶ ἀπέστειλε τοὺς δούλους αὐτοῦ καλέσαι τοὺς κεκλη μένους εἰς τοὺς γάμους, καὶ οὐκ ἤθελον ἐλθεῖν. Πάλιν ἀπέστειλεν ἄλλους δούλους, λέγων: Εἴπατε τοῖς κεκλημένοις, Τὸ ἄριστόν μου ἡτοίμασα, οἱ ταῦροί μου καὶ τὰ σιτιστὰ τεθυμένα, καὶ πάντα ἕτοιμα: δεῦτε εἰς τοὺς γάμους. Οἱ δὲ ἀμελήσαντες ἀπῆλθον, ὁ μὲν εἰς τὸν ἴδιον ἀγρὸν, ὁ δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν ἐμπορίαν αὐτοῦ. Οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ κρατήσαντες τοὺς δούλους αὐτοῦ ὕβρισαν καὶ ἀπέκτειναν, καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς. αʹ. Εἶδες καὶ ἐν τῇ προτέρᾳ καὶ ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ παραβολῇ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τῶν δούλων τὸ μέσον; εἶδες πολλὴν μὲν ἑκατέρων τῶν παραβολῶν τὴν συγγένειαν, πολλὴν δὲ καὶ τὴν διαφοράν; καὶ γὰρ αὕτη δείκνυσι καὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν μακροθυμίαν καὶ τὴν πρόνοιαν τὴν πολλὴν, καὶ τὴν Ἰουδαϊκὴν ἀγνωμοσύνην. Ἀλλ' ἔχει τι καὶ πλέον ἐκείνης αὕτη. Προαναφωνεῖ μὲν γὰρ καὶ τὴν ἔκπτωσιν τῶν Ἰουδαίων, καὶ τὴν κλῆσιν τῶν ἐθνῶν: δείκνυσι δὲ μετὰ τούτου καὶ τοῦ βίου τὴν ἀκρίβειαν, καὶ ὅση τοῖς ἀμελοῦσιν ἡ δίκη κεῖται. Καὶ καλῶς αὕτη μετ' ἐκείνην ἐστίν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἶπε: Δοθήσεται ἔθνει ποιοῦντι τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτῆς, δηλοῖ λοιπὸν ἐνταῦθα καὶ ποίῳ ἔθνει: καὶ οὐ τοῦτο μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἄφατον εἰς τοὺς Ἰουδαίους πάλιν τὴν πρόνοιαν ἐπιδείκνυται. Ἐκεῖ μὲν γὰρ πρὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ φαίνεται καλῶν: ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ μετὰ τὸ σφαγῆναι ἐπίκειται ἐπισπώμενος αὐτούς. Καὶ ὅτε τὴν χαλεπωτάτην αὐτοὺς ἔδει δοῦναι δίκην, τότε καὶ εἰς γάμους αὐτοὺς ἕλκει, καὶ τῇ τιμῇ τῇ ἀνωτάτῳ τιμᾷ. Καὶ ὅρα πῶς καὶ ἐκεῖ οὐ πρότερα τὰ ἔθνη, ἀλλ' Ἰουδαίους, καὶ ἐνταῦθα πάλιν. Ἀλλ' ὥσπερ ἐκεῖ, ὅτε οὐκ ἠθέλησαν αὐτὸν δέξασθαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐλθόντα ἔσφαξαν, τότε ἔδωκε τὸν ἀμπελῶνα: οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα, ὅτε μὴ ἠθέλησαν παραγενέσθαι ἐν τῷ γάμῳ, τότε ἑτέρους ἐκάλεσε. Τί τοίνυν γένοιτ' ἂν αὐτῶν ἀγνωμονέστερον, ὅταν ἐπὶ γάμους καλούμενοι ἀποπηδῶσι; Τίς γὰρ οὐκ ἂν ἕλοιτο ἐπὶ γάμους ἐλθεῖν, καὶ γάμους βασιλέως, καὶ βασιλέως υἱῷ ποιοῦντος γάμους; Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν γάμος εἴρηται; φησίν. Ἵνα μάθῃς τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν κηδεμονίαν, τὸν πόθον τὸν περὶ ἡμᾶς, τῶν πραγμάτων τὴν φαιδρότητα, ὡς οὐδὲν λυπηρὸν ἐκεῖ, οὐδὲ σκυθρωπὸν, ἀλλὰ πάντα χαρᾶς γέμει πνευματικῆς. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ νυμφίον αὐτὸν Ἰωάννης καλεῖ: διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Παῦλος λέγει: Ἡρμοσάμην γὰρ ὑμᾶς ἑνὶ ἀνδρί: καὶ πάλιν, Τὸ μυστήριον τοῦτο μέγα ἐστὶν, ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω εἰς Χριστὸν καὶ εἰς τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν. Τί οὖν οὐκ αὐτῷ ἁρμόζεσθαι λέγεται ἡ νύμφη, ἀλλὰ τῷ Υἱῷ; Ὅτι ἡ τῷ Υἱῷ ἁρμοζομένη τῷ Πατρὶ ἁρμόζεται. Καὶ γὰρ ἀδιάφορον τῇ Γραφῇ τοῦτο ἢ τοῦτο λέγεσθαι, διὰ τὸ ἀπαράλλακτον τῆς οὐσίας. Ἀπὸ τούτου καὶ τὴν ἀνάστασιν ἀνεκήρυξεν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν τὸν θάνατον εἶπε, δείκνυσιν ὅτι καὶ μετὰ τὸν θάνατον τότε οἱ γάμοι, τότε ὁ νυμφίος. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲ οὕτως οὗτοι γίνονται βελτίους, οὐδὲ ἡμερώτεροι: οὗ τί γένοιτ' ἂν χεῖρον: Καὶ γὰρ αὕτη τρίτη κατηγορία. Πρώτη μὲν, ὅτι προφήτας ἀπέκτειναν: ἔπειτα, ὅτι τὸν Υἱόν: μετὰ ταῦτα, ὅτι καὶ ἀνελόντες, καὶ εἰς τοὺς γάμους τοῦ ἀναιρεθέντος καλούμενοι παρ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἀναιρεθέντος οὐ παραγίνονται, ἀλλ' αἰτίας πλάττουσι, ζεύγη βοῶν, καὶ ἀγροὺς, καὶ γυναῖκας. Καίτοι δοκοῦσιν εὔλογοι αἱ προφάσεις εἶναι: ἀλλ' ἐντεῦθεν μανθάνομεν, κἂν ἀναγκαῖα ᾖ τὰ κατέχοντα, πάντων προτιμότερα ποιεῖσθαι τὰ πνευματικά. Καὶ καλεῖ οὐχὶ προσφάτως, ἀλλὰ πρὸ πολλοῦ τοῦ χρόνου. Εἴπατε γὰρ, φησὶ, τοῖς κεκλημένοις καὶ πάλιν, Καλέσατε τοὺς κεκλημένους: ὅπερ μείζονα τὴν κατηγορίαν ἐποίει. Καὶ πότε ἐκλήθησαν; Διὰ τῶν προφητῶν ἁπάντων, διὰ Ἰωάννου πάλιν: αὐτῷ γὰρ παρέπεμπεν ἅπαντας, λέγων: Ἐκεῖνον δεῖ αὐξάνειν, ἐμὲ δὲ ἐλαττοῦσθαι: δι' αὐτοῦ πάλιν τοῦ Υἱοῦ: Δεῦτε γὰρ πρός με, πάντες οἱ κοπιῶντες καὶ πεφορτισμένοι, κἀγὼ ἀναπαύσω ὑμᾶς: καὶ πάλιν. Εἴ τις διψᾷ, ἐρχέσθω πρός με, καὶ πινέτω. Οὐ διὰ ῥημάτων δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ πραγμάτων αὐτοὺς ἐκάλει, καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἀνάληψιν διὰ Πέτρου καὶ τῶν κατ' αὐτόν. Ὁ γὰρ ἐνεργήσας, φησὶ, Πέτρῳ εἰς ἀποστολὴν τῆς περιτομῆς, ἐνήργησε καὶ ἐμοὶ εἰς τὰ ἔθνη. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τὸν υἱὸν ἰδόντες ὠργίσθησαν καὶ ἀνεῖλον, διὰ τῶν δούλων καλεῖ πάλιν. Καὶ ἐπὶ τί καλεῖ; Ἐπὶ μόχθους καὶ πόνους καὶ ἱδρῶτας; Οὐχὶ, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τρυφήν: Οἱ ταῦροι γάρ μου, φησὶ, καὶ τὰ σιτιστὰ τεθυμένα. Ὅρα πόση ἡ πανδαισία: πόση ἡ φιλοτιμία. Καὶ οὐδὲ τοῦτο αὐτοὺς ἐνέτρεψεν, ἀλλ' ὅσῳ μειζόνως ἐμακροθύμησε, τοσούτῳ μειζόνως ἐσκληρύνοντο. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀσχολούμενοι, ἀλλ' ἀμελήσαντες οὐκ ἦλθον. Πῶς οὖν οἱ μὲν γάμους, οἱ δὲ ζεύγη βοῶν προβάλλονται; ταῦτα γοῦν ἀσχολίας. Οὐδαμῶς: τῶν γὰρ πνευματικῶν καλούντων, οὐκ ἔστιν ἀσχολία οὐδεμία ἀναγκαία. Ἐμοὶ δὲ δοκοῦσι καὶ ταύταις ταῖς προφάσεσι κεχρῆσθαι, τῆς ἀμελείας παρακαλύμματα ταῦτα προβαλλόμενοι. Καὶ οὐ τοῦτο μόνον τὸ δεινὸν, ὅτι οὐκ ἦλθον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ πολλῷ χαλεπώτερον καὶ μανικώτερον, τὸ καὶ συγκόψαι τοὺς ἐλθόντας, καὶ ὑβρίσαι, καὶ ἀνελεῖν: τοῦτο τοῦ προτέρου χεῖρον. Ἐκεῖνοι μὲν γὰρ ἦλθον ἀπαιτοῦντες πρόσοδον καὶ καρποὺς, καὶ ἐσφάγησαν: οὗτοι δὲ εἰς γάμους καλοῦντες τοῦ παρ' αὐτῶν σφαγέντος, καὶ οὗτοι πάλιν φονεύονται. Τί ταύτης τῆς μανίας ἴσον; Τοῦτο καὶ Παῦλος ἐγκαλῶν αὐτοῖς ἔλεγε: Τῶν καὶ τὸν Κύριον ἀποκτεινάντων καὶ τοὺς ἰδίους προφήτας, καὶ ἡμᾶς ἐκδιωξάντων. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ λέγωσιν, ὅτι Ἀντίθεός ἐστι, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο οὐ παραγινόμεθα, ἄκουσον τί λέγουσιν οἱ καλοῦντες: ὅτι Ὁ Πατήρ ἐστιν ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς γάμους, καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ καλῶν. Τί οὖν μετὰ ταῦτα; Ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἠθέλησαν ἐλθεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀνεῖλον τοὺς ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ἐλθόντας, κατακαίει τὰς πόλεις, καὶ τὰ στρατόπεδα πέμψας, ἀνεῖλεν αὐτούς. Ταῦτα δὲ λέγει, προδηλῶν τὰ ἐπὶ Οὐεσπασιανοῦ καὶ Τίτου γενόμενα, καὶ ὅτι καὶ τὸν Πατέρα παρώξυναν αὐτῷ μὴ πιστεύσαντες: αὐτὸς γοῦν ἐστιν ὁ ἐπεξελθών. Διά τοι τοῦτο οὐκ εὐθέως ἀναιρεθέντος τοῦ Χριστοῦ γέγονεν ἡ ἅλωσις, ἀλλὰ μετὰ τεσσαράκοντα ἔτη, ἵνα δείξῃ αὐτοῦ τὴν μακροθυμίαν: ὅτε ἀπέκτειναν τὸν Στέφανον, ὅτε ἀνεῖλον Ἰάκωβον, ὅτε ὕβρισαν τοὺς ἀποστόλους. Εἶδες πραγμάτων ἀλήθειαν καὶ τάχος; Ἔτι γὰρ Ἰωάννου ζῶντος, καὶ ἑτέρων πολλῶν τῶν τῷ Χριστῷ συγγενομένων, ταῦτα ἐξέβαινε. καὶ μάρτυρες ἦσαν τῶν γινομένων οἱ ταῦτα ἀκούσαντες. Ὅρα τοίνυν κηδεμονίαν ἄφατον. Ἐφύτευσεν ἀμπελῶνα, πάντα ἐποίησε καὶ ἀπήρτισε: τῶν οἰκετῶν ἀναιρεθέντων, ἑτέρους ἀπέστειλε δούλους: ἐκείνων σφαγέντων, τὸν Υἱὸν ἔπεμψε: καὶ τούτου ἀναιρεθέντος, καλεῖ αὐτοὺς εἰς τοὺς γάμους: οὐκ ἠθέλησαν ἐλθεῖν. Εἶτα πέμπει ἑτέρους δούλους: οἱ δὲ καὶ τούτους ἀνεῖλον. Τότε λοιπὸν αὐτοὺς ἀναιρεῖ, ἅτε ἀνίατα νοσοῦντας. Ὅτι γὰρ ἀνίατα ἐνόσουν, οὐ τὰ γεγενημένα ἔδειξε μόνον, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ πορνῶν καὶ τελωνῶν πιστευσάντων, αὐτοὶ ταῦτα ἐποίησαν. Ὥστε οὐκ ἀφ' ὧν ἐτόλμησαν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀφ' ὧν ἕτεροι κατώρθωσαν: κατακρίνονται οὗτοι. Εἰ δὲ λέγοι τις, ὅτι οὐ τότε ἐκλήθησαν οἱ ἐξ ἐθνῶν, ὅτε ἐμαστίχθησαν καὶ μυρία ἔπαθον οἱ ἀπόστολοι, ἀλλ' εὐθέως μετὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν: (τότε γάρ φησιν αὐτοῖς, Πορευθέντες μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη:) εἴποιμεν ἂν, ὅτι καὶ πρὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ καὶ μετὰ τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῖς διελέγοντο πρώτοις. Καὶ γὰρ πρὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ φησιν αὐτοῖς: Πορεύεσθε ἐπὶ τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἀπολωλότα οἴκου Ἰσραήλ: καὶ μετὰ τὸν σταυρὸν οὐκ ἐκώλυσεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκέλευσεν αὐτοῖς διαλέγεσθαι. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ εἶπε, Μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη: ἀλλὰ μέλλων εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀναβαίνειν, ἐδήλωσεν ὅτι ἐκείνοις διαλέξονται πρώτοις. Λήψεσθε γὰρ δύναμιν, φησὶν, ἐπελθόντος τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος ἐφ' ὑμᾶς, καὶ ἔσεσθέ μοι μάρτυρες ἔν τε Ἱερουσαλὴμ, καὶ ἐν πάσῃ τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ, καὶ ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς: καὶ ὁ Παῦλος πάλιν: Ὁ γὰρ ἐνεργήσας Πέτρῳ εἰς ἀποστολὴν τῆς περιτομῆς, ἐνήργησε καὶ ἐμοὶ εἰς τὰ ἔθνη. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι πρὸς τοὺς Ἰουδαίους πρῶτον ἐχώρησαν, καὶ πολὺν ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ διατρίψαντες χρόνον εἶτα ὑπ' αὐτῶν ἐλαθέντες, οὕτω διεσπάρησαν εἰς τὰ ἔθνη. βʹ. Σὺ δὲ ὅρα κἀντεῦθεν τὴν φιλοτιμίαν. Ὅσους ἐὰν εὕρητε, φησὶ, καλέσατε εἰς τοὺς γάμους. Πρὸ τούτου μὲν γὰρ, ὅπερ ἔφην, καὶ Ἰουδαίοις καὶ Ἕλλησι διελέγοντο, ἐπὶ πλεῖον ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ διατρίβοντες: ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐπέμενον ἐπιβουλεύοντες αὐτοῖς, ἄκουσον Παύλου τὴν παραβολὴν ἑρμηνεύοντος ταύτην, καὶ λέγοντος οὕτως Ὑμῖν ἦν ἀναγκαῖον πρῶτον λαληθῆναι τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἀναξίους ἑαυτοὺς ἐκρίνατε, ἰδοὺ στρεφόμεθα εἰς τὰ ἔθνη. Διὰ τοῦτό φησι καὶ αὐτός: Ὁ μὲν γάμος ἕτοιμός ἐστιν, οἱ δὲ κεκλημένοι οὐκ ἦσαν ἄξιοι. Ἤ|δει μὲν οὖν καὶ πρὸ τούτου τοῦτο: ἀλλ' ἵνα μηδεμίαν αὐτοῖς καταλίπῃ ἀναισχύντου τινὸς ἀντιλογίας πρόφασιν, καίπερ εἰδὼς, πρὸς αὐτοὺς πρώτους καὶ ἦλθε καὶ ἔπεμψεν, ἐκείνους τε ἐπιστομίζων, καὶ ἡμᾶς παιδεύων τὰ παρ' ἑαυτῶν ἅπαντα πληροῦν, κἂν μηδεὶς μηδὲν κερδαίνειν μέλλῃ. Ἐπεὶ οὖν οὐκ ἦσαν ἄξιοι, Πορεύεσθε, φησὶν, εἰς τὰς τριόδους, καὶ ὅσους ἐὰν εὕρητε, καλέσατε: καὶ τοὺς τυχόντας καὶ τοὺς ἀπεῤῥιμμένους. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἄνω καὶ κάτω ἔλεγεν, ὅτι Πόρναι καὶ τελῶναι κληρονομήσουσι τὸν οὐρανόν: καὶ, Οἱ πρῶτοι ἔσχατοι ἔσονται, καὶ οἱ ἔσχατοι πρῶτοι: δείκνυσιν ὅτι δικαίως ταῦτα γίνεται: ὃ μάλιστα πάντων ἔδακνεν Ἰουδαίους, καὶ τῆς κατασκαφῆς χαλεπώτερον μᾶλλον ἔκνιζε, τὸ εἰς τὰ ἐκείνων, καὶ πολλῷ μείζω τῶν ἐκείνων, τοὺς ἐξ ἐθνῶν ὁρᾷν εἰσαγομένους. Εἶτα ἵνα μηδὲ οὗτοι τῇ πίστει θαῤῥήσωσι μόνῃ, καὶ περὶ τῆς κρίσεως αὐτοῖς διαλέγεται τῆς ἐπὶ ταῖς πονηραῖς πράξεσι, τοῖς μὲν οὐδέπω πεπιστευκόσι περὶ τοῦ προσελθεῖν τῇ πίστει, τοῖς δὲ πεπιστευκόσι περὶ τῆς κατὰ τὸν βίον ἐπιμελείας. Ἔνδυμα γὰρ βίος ἐστὶ καὶ πρᾶξις. Καὶ μὴν χάριτος ἦν ἡ κλῆσις: τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν ἀκριβολογεῖται; Ὅτι τὸ μὲν κληθῆναι καὶ καθαρθῆναι, χάριτος ἦν: τὸ δὲ κληθέντα καὶ καθαρὰ ἐνδυσάμενον μεῖναι τοιαῦτα διατηροῦντα, τῆς τῶν κληθέντων σπουδῆς. Τὸ κληθῆναι οὐκ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀξίας γέγονεν, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῆς χάριτος. Ἔδει τοίνυν ἀμείψασθαι τὴν χάριν καὶ μὴ τοσαύτην ἐπιδείξασθαι πονηρίαν μετὰ τὴν τιμήν. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀπήλαυσα, φησὶν, ὅσον Ἰουδαῖοι. Καὶ μὴν πολλῷ μειζόνων ἀπήλαυσας ἀγαθῶν. Ἃ γὰρ διὰ παντὸς τοῦ χρόνου παρεσκευάζετο ἐκείνοις, ταῦτα ἀθρόον ἔλαβες σὺ, οὐκ ὢν ἄξιος. Διὸ καὶ Παῦλος λέγει: Τὰ δὲ ἔθνη ὑπὲρ ἐλέους δοξάσαι τὸν Θεόν. Ἃ γὰρ ἐκείνοις ὠφείλετο, ταῦτα ἔλαβες Διὸ καὶ πολλὴ κεῖται ἡ δίκη τοῖς ἐῤῥᾳθυμηκόσι. Καθάπερ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι τῷ μὴ ἐλθεῖν ὕβρισαν, οὕτω καὶ σὺ τῷ οὕτω κατακλιθῆναι μετὰ βίου διεφθαρμένου. Τὸ γὰρ ῥυπαροῖς ἱματίοις εἰσελθεῖν τοῦτό ἐστι: βίον ἀκάθαρτον ἔχοντα ἀπελθεῖν ἐντεῦθεν: διὸ καὶ ἐφιμοῦτο. Ὁρᾷς πῶς, καίτοι οὕτω τοῦ πράγματος ὄντος καταδήλου, οὐ πρότερον κολάζει, ἕως ἂν αὐτὸς ὁ ἡμαρτηκὼς τὴν ψῆφον ἐξενέγκῃ; Τῷ γὰρ μηδὲν ἔχειν ἀντειπεῖν κατέκρινεν ἑαυτὸν, καὶ οὕτω πρὸς τὰς ἀποῤῥήτους αἴρεται κολάσεις. Μὴ γὰρ δὴ σκότος ἀκούσας, τούτῳ νομίσῃς αὐτὸν τιμωρεῖσθαι, τῷ εἰς ἀφεγγὲς πέμπεσθαι χωρίον μόνον, ἀλλ' ὅπου καὶ ὁ κλαυθμὸς, καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων. Τοῦτο δὲ λέγει, τὰς ἀκαρτερήτους ἐνδεικνύμενος ὀδύνας. Ἀκούσατε ὅσοι μυστηρίων ἀπολαύσαντες, καὶ τοῖς γάμοις παραγενόμενοι, ῥυπαραῖς τὴν ψυχὴν περιβάλλετε πράξεσιν. Ἀκούσατε πόθεν ἐκλήθητε. Ἀπὸ τῆς τριόδου. Τί ὄντες; Χωλοὶ καὶ ἀνάπηροι κατὰ ψυχὴν, ὃ πολλῷ χαλεπώτερον τῆς τοῦ σώματος λώβης. Αἰδέσθητε τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν τοῦ καλέσαντος, καὶ μηδεὶς μενέτω ῥυπαρὰ ἔχων ἱμάτια, ἀλλ' ἕκαστος ἡμῶν περιεργαζέσθω τὴν στολὴν τῆς ψυχῆς. Ἀκούσατε, γυναῖκες: ἀκούσατε, ἄνδρες. Οὐ τούτων ἡμῖν δεῖ τῶν ἱματίων τῶν χρυσοπάστων [τῶν τὰ ἔξωθεν ἡμῖν καλλωπιζόντων,] ἀλλ' ἐκείνων τῶν [τὰ] ἔνδον. Ἕως ἂν ταῦτα ἔχωμεν, ἐκεῖνα περιθέσθαι δύσκολον. Οὐκ ἔστιν ὁμοῦ καὶ ψυχὴν καὶ σῶμα καλλωπίζειν. Οὐκ ἔστιν ὁμοῦ καὶ μαμωνᾷ δουλεύειν, καὶ Χριστῷ ὑπακούειν ὡς χρή. Ἀποθώμεθα τοίνυν ταύτην τὴν τυραννίδα τὴν χαλεπήν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἴ τις τὸν μὲν οἶκον ἐκόσμει, παραπετάσματα χρυσᾶ κρεμάσας, σὲ δὲ ἐν ῥακίοις γυμνὸν ἐποίει καθῆσθαι, πράως ἂν ἤνεγκας. Ἀλλ' ἰδοὺ νῦν τοῦτο σὺ σαυτὸν ἐργάζῃ, τὴν μὲν οἰκίαν τῆς ψυχῆς σου, τὸ σῶμα λέγω, μυρίοις παραπετάσμασι καλλωπίζων, ἐκείνην δὲ ἐν ῥακίοις ἀφεὶς καθῆσθαι. Οὐκ οἶσθα, ὅτι τὸν βασιλέα τῆς πόλεως μᾶλλον κοσμεῖσθαι δεῖ; Διά τοι τοῦτο τῇ μὲν πόλει παραπετάσματα ἐκ λίνου κατεσκεύασται, τῷ δὲ βασιλεῖ ἁλουργὶς καὶ διάδημα. Οὕτω καὶ σὺ, τὸ μὲν σῶμα πολλῷ φαυλοτέρᾳ περίβαλε στολῇ, τὸν δὲ νοῦν ἁλουργίδα ἔνδυσον, καὶ στέφανον ἐπίθες αὐτῷ, καὶ κάθισον ἐπὶ ὀχήματος ὑψηλοῦ καὶ περιφανοῦς. Νῦν γὰρ τοὐναντίον ποιεῖς, τὴν μὲν πόλιν καλλωπίζων ποικίλως, τὸν δὲ βασιλέα νοῦν ἀφεὶς σύρεσθαι δεδεμένον ὀπίσω τῶν ἀλόγων παθῶν. Οὐκ ἐννοεῖς, ὅτι εἰς γάμον ἐκλήθης, καὶ Θεοῦ γάμον; οὐ λογίζῃ πῶς εἰς ταύτας τὰς παστάδας τὴν κληθεῖσαν ψυχὴν εἰσιέναι χρὴ, κροσσωτοῖς χρυσοῖς περιβεβλημένην, πεποικιλμένην; γʹ. Βούλει σοι δείξω τοὺς οὕτως ἐστολισμένους; τοὺς ἔνδυμα ἔχοντας γάμου; Ἀναμνήσθητι τῶν ἁγίων ἐκείνων, ὑπὲρ ὧν πρώην ὑμῖν διελέχθην, τῶν τὰ τρίχινα ἐχόντων ἱμάτια, τῶν τὰς ἐρήμους οἰκούντων. Οὗτοι μάλιστά εἰσιν οἱ τὰ ἐνδύματα τῶν γάμων ἐκείνων ἔχοντες: καὶ δῆλον ἐντεῦθεν: Ὅσας ἂν αὐτοῖς δῷς πορφυρίδας, οὐκ ἂν ἕλοιντο λαβεῖν: ἀλλ' ὥσπερ βασιλεὺς, εἰ τοῦ πτωχοῦ τὰ ῥάκιά τις λαβὼν, κελεύει ταῦτα αὐτὸν ἐνδυθῆναι, βδελύξαιτο ἂν τὴν στολήν: οὕτω καὶ ἐκεῖνοι τὴν ἁλουργίδα τὴν ἐκείνου. Οὐδαμόθεν δὲ ἑτέρωθεν τοῦτο πάσχουσιν, ἀλλ' ἢ διὰ τὸ εἰδέναι τὸ κάλλος τῆς ἑαυτῶν στολῆς. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τὴν ἁλουργὸν ἐκείνην χλανίδα διαπτύουσιν ὡς ἀράχνην. Ταῦτα γὰρ αὐτοὺς ὁ σάκκος ἐδίδαξε: καὶ γάρ εἰσιν αὐτοῦ τοῦ βασιλεύοντος ὑψηλότεροι πολλῷ καὶ λαμπρότεροι. Κἂν δυνηθῇς τὰς πύλας ἀναπτύξαι τοῦ νοῦ, καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτῶν κατιδεῖν, καὶ τὸν ἔνδον ἅπαντα κόσμον, κἂν εἰς τὴν γῆν καταπέσοις, οὐ φέρων τῆς εὐμορφίας τὴν λαμπηδόνα, καὶ τὴν αἴγλην τῶν ἱματίων ἐκείνων, καὶ τὴν ἀστραπὴν τοῦ συνειδότος αὐτῶν. Ἔχομεν γὰρ εἰπεῖν καὶ παλαιοὺς ἄνδρας μεγάλους καὶ θαυμαστούς: ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ τοὺς παχυτέρους τὰ ὁρώμενα ὑποδείγματα μᾶλλον ἐνάγει, διὰ τοῦτο ὑμᾶς καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνὰς πέμπω τῶν ἁγίων ἐκείνων. Οὐδὲν γὰρ ἔχουσι λυπηρὸν, ἀλλ' ἅτε ἐν οὐρανοῖς πηξάμενοι τὰς καλύβας, οὕτω πόῤῥω τῶν ἐν τῷ παρόντι βίῳ μοχθηρῶν ἐσκήνωνται, στρατοπεδευόμενοι κατὰ τοῦ διαβόλου, καὶ ὥσπερ χορεύοντες, οὕτω πολεμοῦσιν αὐτῷ. Διά τοι τοῦτο καλύβας πηξάμενοι, πόλεις καὶ ἀγορὰς καὶ οἰκίας ἔφυγον. Τὸν γὰρ πολεμοῦντα οὐκ ἔνι ἐν οἰκίᾳ καθῆσθαι, ἀλλὰ σχεδιάσαντα τὴν οἴκησιν, ὡς μέλλοντα εὐθέως ἀπανίστασθαι, οὕτω κατοικεῖν. Τοιοῦτοι ἐκεῖνοι πάντες, ἀπεναντίας ἡμῖν. Ἡμεῖς μὲν γὰρ οὐχ ὡς ἐν στρατοπέδῳ, ἀλλ' ὡς ἐν πόλει εἰρηνικῇ ζῶμεν. Τίς γὰρ ἐπὶ στρατοπέδου ποτὲ θεμελίους καταβάλλεται, καὶ οἰκίαν οἰκοδομεῖται, ἢν μικρὸν ὕστερον ἀπολιμπάνειν μέλλει; Οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδείς: ἀλλὰ κἂν ἐπιχειρήσῃ τις, ὡς προδότης ἀναιρεῖται. Τίς ἐπὶ στρατοπέδου πλέθρα γῆς ὠνεῖται, καὶ πραγματείας συντίθησιν; Οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδείς: καὶ μάλα εἰκότως. Πολεμῆσαι γὰρ, φησὶ, παραγέγονας, οὐ καπηλεῦσαι. Τί τοίνυν φιλοπονεῖς περὶ τὸν τόπον, ὃν μικρὸν ὕστερον ἀφήσεις; Ὅταν ἀπέλθωμεν εἰς τὴν πατρίδα, ταῦτα ποίει. Ταῦτα καὶ σοὶ λέγω νῦν ἐγώ. Ὅταν ἀναχωρήσωμεν εἰς τὴν πόλιν τὴν ἄνω, ταῦτα ποίει: μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδέν σοι δεῖ πόνων ἐκεῖ: λοιπὸν ὁ βασιλεύς σοι πάντα ἐργάσεται. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ ἀρκεῖ τάφρον περιελάσαι μόνον, καὶ χάρακα πήξασθαι: οἰκοδομῆς δὲ οὐδεμία χρεία. Ἄκουσον οἷος τῶν ἁμαξοβίων Σκυθῶν ὁ βίος, οἵαν τοὺς νομάδας φασὶν ἔχειν διαγωγήν. Οὕτω τοὺς Χριστιανοὺς ζῇν ἔδει: περιϊέναι τὴν οἰκουμένην, πολεμοῦντας τῷ διαβόλῳ, αἰχμαλώτους ῥυομένους τοὺς ὑπ' ἐκείνου κατεχομένους, καὶ πάντων ἀπηλλάχθαι τῶν βιωτικῶν. Τί κατασκευάζεις οἰκίαν. ἄνθρωπε, ἵνα μᾶλλον σαυτὸν δήσῃς; Τί κατορύττεις θησαυρὸν, καὶ καλεῖς κατὰ σαυτοῦ τὸν πολέμιον; τί περιβάλλεις τείχη, καὶ σαυτῷ κατασκευάζεις φυλακήν; Εἰ δὲ δύσκολα ταῦτα εἶναί σοι δοκεῖ, ἀπέλθωμεν πρὸς τὰς ἐκείνων σκηνὰς, ἵνα διὰ τῶν ἔργων μάθωμεν τὴν εὐκολίαν. Καλύβας γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι πηξάμενοι, κἂν ἀποστῆναι δέῃ τούτων, οὕτως ἀφίστανται, ὥσπερ οἱ στρατιῶται ἐν εἰρήνῃ τὸ στρατόπεδον ἀφέντες. Καὶ γὰρ οὕτως ἐσκήνωνται, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ πολλῷ ἥδιον. Καὶ γὰρ ἥδιον ἰδεῖν ἐρημίαν σκηνὰς ἔχουσαν μοναχῶν συνεχεῖς, ἢ στρατιώτας ἐν στρατοπέδῳ παραπετάσματα τείνοντας, καὶ δόρατα πηγνυμένους, καὶ τῆς τῶν δοράτων αἰχμῆς φάρη κροκωτὰ ἐξαρτῶντας, καὶ πλῆθος ἀνθρώπων χαλκᾶς ἐχόντων κεφαλὰς, καὶ πολὺ τῶν ἀσπίδων ἀστράπτοντας τοὺς ὀμφαλοὺς, καὶ σιδήρῳ τεθωρακισμένους ὅλους διόλου, καὶ βασίλεια ἐσχεδιασμένα, καὶ πεδίον ἡπλωμένον πολὺ, καὶ ἀριστοποιουμένους καὶ αὐλοῦντας. Οὐδὲ γὰρ οὕτω τερπνὸν τὸ θέατρον τοῦτο, οἷον ὃ ἐγὼ λέγω νῦν. Ἂν γὰρ ἀπέλθωμεν εἰς τὴν ἔρημον, καὶ ἴδωμεν τῶν τοῦ Χριστοῦ στρατιωτῶν τὰς σκηνὰς, οὐ παραπετάσματα τεινόμενα ὀψόμεθα, οὐδὲ αἰχμὰς δοράτων, οὐδὲ πέπλους χρυσοῦς θόλον βασιλικὴν ποιοῦντας, ἀλλ' οἷον ἂν εἴ τις ἐν γῇ πολλῷ ταύτης μακροτέρᾳ καὶ ἀπείρῳ πολλοὺς ἔτεινεν οὐρανοὺς καινὸν καὶ φρικῶδες ἂν ἔδειξε τὸ θέατρον, οὕτω καὶ ἐκεῖ θεάσασθαι ἔνι. Οὐδὲν γὰρ αὐτῶν τὰ καταγώγια χεῖρον τῶν οὐρανῶν διάκεινται: καὶ γὰρ ἄγγελοι κατάγονται πρὸς αὐτοὺς, καὶ ὁ τῶν ἀγγέλων Δεσπότης. Εἰ γὰρ πρὸς τὸν Ἀβραὰμ ἦλθον, ἄνδρα γυναῖκα ἔχοντα καὶ παιδία τρέφοντα, ἐπειδὴ φιλόξενον εἶδον: ὅταν πολλῷ πλείονα εὕρωσιν ἀρετὴν, καὶ ἄνθρωπον σώματος ἀπαλλαγέντα, καὶ ἐν σαρκὶ σαρκὸς ὑπερορῶντα, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐνταῦθα διατρίβουσι, καὶ χορεύουσι τὴν αὐτοῖς πρέπουσαν χορείαν. Καὶ γὰρ τράπεζα παρ' ἐκείνοις πάσης πλεονεξίας καθαρὰ, καὶ φιλοσοφίας μεστή. Οὐχ αἱμάτων χείμαῤῥοι παρ' αὐτοῖς, οὐδὲ κρεῶν κατακοπαὶ, οὐδὲ καρηβαρίαι, οὐδὲ καρυκεῖαι, οὐδὲ κνῖσαι παρ' αὐτοῖς ἀηδεῖς, οὐδὲ καπνὸς ἀτερπὴς, οὐδὲ δρόμοι καὶ θόρυβοι καὶ ταραχαὶ καὶ κραυγαὶ ἐπαχθεῖς: ἀλλ' ἄρτος καὶ ὕδωρ: τὸ μὲν ἐκ πηγῆς καθαρᾶς, τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ πόνων δικαίων. Εἰ δέ που καὶ φιλοτιμότερον ἑστιάσασθαι βουληθεῖεν, ἀκρόδρυα ἡ φιλοτιμία γίνεται: καὶ μείζων ἐνταῦθα ἡ ἡδονὴ, ἢ ἐν ταῖς βασιλικαῖς τραπέζαις. Οὐδεὶς ἐνταῦθα φόβος καὶ τρόμος, οὐκ ἄρχων ἐνεκάλεσεν, οὐ γυνὴ παρώξυνεν, οὐ παιδίον εἰς ἀθυμίαν ἐνέβαλεν, οὐ γέλως ἄτακτος ἐξέλυσεν, οὐ κολάκων πλῆθος ἐφύσησεν: ἀλλ' ἀγγέλων ἐστὶν ἡ τράπεζα, πάσης τοιαύτης ταραχῆς ἀπηλλαγμένη. Καὶ στιβὰς αὐτοῖς χόρτος ἁπλῶς ὑπόκειται, καθάπερ ἐν ἐρήμῳ ἀριστοποιῶν ὁ Χριστὸς ἐποίησε. Πολλοὶ δὲ οὐδὲ ὑπωρόφιοι τοῦτο ποιοῦσιν, ἀλλ' ἀντὶ στέγης τὸν οὐρανὸν ἔχουσι, καὶ τὴν σελήνην ἀντὶ φωτὸς λύχνου οὐ δεομένου ἐλαίου, οὐδὲ τοῦ διακονησομένου: ἐκείνοις μόνοις ἀξίως ἄνωθεν αὕτη φαίνει. δʹ. Ταύτην καὶ ἄγγελοι ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τὴν τράπεζαν θεωροῦντες, τέρπονται καὶ ἥδονται. Εἰ γὰρ ἐπὶ ἑνὶ ἁμαρτωλῷ μετανοοῦντι χαίρουσιν, ἐπὶ δικαίοις τοσούτοις μιμουμένοις αὐτοὺς τί οὐκ ἐργάσονται; Οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκεῖ δεσπότης καὶ δοῦλος: πάντες δοῦλοι, πάντες ἐλεύθεροι. Καὶ μὴ νομίσῃς αἴνιγμα εἶναι τὸ εἰρημένον: καὶ γὰρ δοῦλοι ἀλλήλων, καὶ δεσπόται ἀλλήλων εἰσίν. Οὐκ ἔστιν ἑσπέρας καταλαβούσης ἐν κατηφείᾳ γενέσθαι, ὅπερ πολλοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων πάσχουσι, τὰς ἐκ τῶν μεθημερινῶν κακῶν ἀναλογιζόμενοι φροντίδας. Οὐκ ἔστι μετὰ τὸ δεῖπνον μεριμνῆσαι λῃστὰς, καὶ ἀποκλεῖσαι θύρας, καὶ ἐπιθεῖναι μοχλοὺς, οὐδὲ τἄλλα δεῖσαι, ἃ πολλοὶ δεδοίκασι, τοὺς λύχνους μετὰ ἀκριβείας κοιμίζοντες, μή που σπινθὴρ ἐμπρήσῃ τὴν οἰκίαν. Καὶ ἡ διάλεξις δὲ αὐτοῖς τῆς αὐτῆς γέμει γαλήνης. Οὐ γὰρ ταῦτα, ἅπερ ἡμεῖς διαλεγόμεθα, φθέγγονται, τὰ μηδὲν πρὸς ἡμᾶς: Ὁ δεῖνα γέγονεν ἄρχων, ὁ δεῖνα ἐπαύσατο τῆς ἀρχῆς, ὁ δεῖνα ἐτελεύτησε, καὶ τὸν κλῆρον διεδέξατο ἕτερος, καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα: ἀλλ' ἀεὶ περὶ τῶν μελλόντων φθέγγονται καὶ φιλοσοφοῦσι: καὶ ὥσπερ ἑτέραν οἰκοῦντες οἰκουμένην, ὥσπερ εἰς αὐτὸν μεταστάντες τὸν οὐρανὸν, ὥσπερ ἐκεῖ ζῶντες οὕτω τὰ ἐκεῖ πάντα διαλέγονται, περὶ τῶν κόλπων τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ, περὶ τῶν στεφάνων τῶν ἁγίων, περὶ τῆς μετὰ Χριστοῦ χορείας: καὶ τῶν παρόντων αὐτοῖς οὐδὲ μνήμη τις, οὐδὲ λόγος: ἀλλ' ὥσπερ ἡμεῖς οὐκ ἂν ἀξιώσαιμέν τι εἰπεῖν περὶ ὧν οἱ μύρμηκες κατὰ τὰς ὀπὰς καὶ τοὺς χηραμοὺς πράττουσιν, οὕτως οὐδὲ ἐκεῖνοι, τί ποιοῦμεν ἡμεῖς, ἀλλὰ περὶ τοῦ βασιλέως τοῦ ἄνω, περὶ τοῦ πολέμου τοῦ ἐν χερσὶ, περὶ τῶν τοῦ διαβόλου μηχανημάτων, περὶ τῶν κατορθωμάτων ὧν οἱ ἅγιοι κατώρθωσαν. Τί τοίνυν πρὸς ἐκείνους ἡμεῖς παραβαλλόμενοι μυρμήκων διενηνόχαμεν; Καθάπερ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι τῶν σωματικῶν ἐπιμελοῦνται, οὕτω καὶ ἡμεῖς: καὶ εἴθε τούτων μόνων ἡμεῖς: νῦν δὲ καὶ πολλῷ χειρόνων. Οὐ γὰρ τῶν ἀναγκαίων ἐπιμελούμεθα μόνον, καθάπερ ἐκεῖνοι, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν περιττῶν. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ πόρον παντὸς ἐγκλήματος ἀπηλλαγμένον μετέρχονται: ἡμεῖς δὲ πᾶσαν πλεονεξίαν: καὶ οὐδὲ τὰ μυρμήκων μιμούμεθα, ἀλλὰ τὰ τῶν λύκων, τὰ τῶν παρδάλεων: μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ἐκείνων χείρους. Ἐκείνοις μὲν γὰρ ἡ φύσις οὕτως ἔδωκε τρέφεσθαι: ἡμᾶς δὲ λόγῳ καὶ ἰσονομίᾳ τετίμηκεν ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ τῶν θηρίων γεγόναμεν χείρους. Καὶ ἡμεῖς μὲν τῶν ἀλόγων χείρους, ἐκεῖνοι δὲ τῶν ἀγγέλων ἴσοι, ξένοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι τῶν ἐνταῦθα ὄντες: καὶ πάντα αὐτοῖς ἐνήλλακται πρὸς ἡμᾶς, καὶ ἐνδύματα, καὶ τροφὴ, καὶ οἰκία, καὶ ὑποδήματα, καὶ λαλιά. Καὶ εἴ τις ἐκείνων ἤκουσε διαλεγομένων καὶ ἡμῶν, τότε ἂν ἔγνω καλῶς πῶς οἱ μὲν οὐρανοπολῖται, ἡμεῖς δὲ οὐδὲ τῆς γῆς ἄξιοι. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο, ἐπειδάν τις ἀξίωμα περιβεβλημένος ἀπέλθῃ πρὸς αὐτοὺς, τότε μάλιστα ἐλέγχεται ὁ τῦφος ἅπας. Ὁ γὰρ γηπόνος ἐκεῖνος, καὶ ὁ πάντων ἄπειρος τῶν βιωτικῶν, τοῦ στρατηγοῦ καὶ μέγα ἐπὶ τῇ ἀρχῇ φρονοῦντος πλησίον κάθηται ἐπὶ στιβάδος, ἐπὶ προσκεφαλαίου ῥυπῶντος. Οὐ γάρ εἰσιν οἱ αἴροντες αὐτὸν, καὶ φυσῶντες: ἀλλὰ ταὐτὸν γίνεται, οἷον ἂν εἴ τις παρὰ χρυσοχόον ἔλθοι καὶ ῥοδωνιάν: καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ χρυσίου καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ῥόδων δέχεταί τινα λαμπηδόνα: οὕτω κἀκεῖνοι, ἀπὸ τῆς αὐγῆς τῆς τούτων κερδαίνοντες μικρὸν, τῆς ἀπονοίας τῆς ἔμπροσθεν ἀπαλλάττονται. Καὶ ὥσπερ εἴ τις εἰς ὑψηλὸν ἔλθοι τόπον, κἂν σφόδρα βραχὺς ἦ, ὑψηλὸς φαίνεται: οὕτω καὶ οὗτοι, πρὸς τὰς ὑψηλὰς αὐτῶν ἐρχόμενοι διανοίας, τοιοῦτοι φαίνονται, ἕως ἂν ἐκεῖ μένωσι, κατελθόντες δὲ ταπεινοῦνται πάλιν, ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕψους ἐκείνου καταβαίνοντες. Οὐδὲν παρ' ἐκείνοις βασιλεὺς, οὐδὲν ὕπαρχος: ἀλλ' ὥσπερ ἡμεῖς τῶν παιδίων ταῦτα παιζόντων γελῶμεν οὕτω κἀκεῖνοι τὴν φλεγμονὴν τῶν ἔξω σοβούντων διαπτύουσι. Καὶ δῆλον ἐντεῦθεν: εἰ γάρ τις αὐτοῖς δοίη μετὰ ἀσφαλείας βασιλείαν, οὐκ ἄν ποτε ἕλοιντο: ἕλοιντο δ' ἂν, εἰ μὴ μεῖζον αὐτῆς ἐφρόνουν, εἰ μὴ πρόσκαιρον τὸ πρᾶγμα εἶναι ἐνόμιζον. Τί οὖν; οὐκ αὐτομολήσομεν πρὸς τοσαύτην μακαριότητα; οὐχ ἥξομεν πρὸς τοὺς ἀγγέλους τούτους; οὐ ληψόμεθα καθαρὰ ἱμάτια, καὶ ἐμπομπεύσομεν τοῖς γάμοις τούτοις, ἀλλὰ μενοῦμεν προσαιτοῦντες, τῶν ἐν ταῖς τριόδοις πτωχῶν οὐδὲν ἄμεινον διακείμενοι, μᾶλλον δὲ πολλῷ χεῖρον καὶ ἀθλιώτερον; Καὶ γὰρ ἐκείνων πολλῷ χείρους οἱ κακῶς πλουτοῦντες, καὶ βέλτιον ἐπαιτεῖν ἢ ἁρπάζειν: τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἔχει συγγνώμην, τὸ δὲ κόλασιν φέρει: καὶ ὁ μὲν οὐδὲν προσκρούει Θεῷ, οὗτος δὲ καὶ ἀνθρώποις καὶ Θεῷ: καὶ τοὺς μὲν πόνους ὑφίσταται τῆς ἁρπαγῆς, τὴν δὲ ἀπόλαυσιν ἕτεροι πολλάκις ἐκαρπώσαντο ἅπασαν. Ταῦτ' οὖν εἰδότες, καὶ ἀποθέμενοι τὴν πλεονεξίαν πᾶσαν, πλεονεκτήσωμεν τὰ ἄνω, μετὰ πολλῆς σπουδῆς τὴν βασιλείαν ἁρπάζοντες. Οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν, οὐκ ἔστι ῥᾳθυμοῦντά τινα εἰς αὐτὴν εἰσελθεῖν. Γένοιτο δὲ πάντας σπουδαίους καὶ ἐγρηγορότας γεγονότας ταύτης ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.