Origen of Alexandria, Against Celsus

And in addition to the above, this Jew of Celsus afterwards addresses Jesus: “What need, moreover, was there that you, while still an infant, should be conveyed into Egypt? Was it to escape being murdered? But then it was not likely that a God should be afraid of death; and yet an angel came down from heaven, commanding you and your friends to flee, lest ye should be captured and put to death! And was not the great God, who had already sent two angels on your account, able to keep you, His only Son, there in safety?” From these words Celsus seems to think that there was no element of divinity in the human body and soul of Jesus, but that His body was not even such as is described in the fables of Homer; and with a taunt also at the blood of Jesus which was shed upon the cross, he adds that it was not

“Ichor, such as flows in the veins of the blessed gods.”131 Cf. Iliad, v. 340.

We now, believing Jesus Himself, when He says respecting His divinity, “I am the way, and the truth, and the life,”132 John xiv. 6. and employs other terms of similar import; and when He says respecting His being clothed with a human body, “And now ye seek to kill Me, a man that hath told you the truth,”133 Cf. John viii. 40. conclude that He was a kind of compound being. And so it became Him who was making provision for His sojourning in the world as a human being, not to expose Himself unseasonably to the danger of death. And in like manner it was necessary that He should be taken away by His parents, acting under the instructions of an angel from heaven, who communicated to them the divine will, saying on the first occasion, “Joseph, thou son of David, fear not to take unto thee Mary thy wife; for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Ghost;”134 Cf. Matt. i. 20. and on the second, “Arise, and take the young Child, and His mother, and flee into Egypt; and be thou there until I bring thee word: for Herod will seek the young Child to destroy Him.”135 Cf. Matt. ii. 13. Now, what is recorded in these words appears to me to be not at all marvellous. For in either passage of Scripture it is stated that it was in a dream that the angel spoke these words; and that in a dream certain persons may have certain things pointed out to them to do, is an event of frequent occurrence to many individuals,—the impression on the mind being produced either by an angel or by some other thing. Where, then, is the absurdity in believing that He who had once become incarnate, should be led also by human guidance to keep out of the way of dangers? Not indeed from any impossibility that it should be otherwise, but from the moral fitness that ways and means should be made use of to ensure the safety of Jesus. And it was certainly better that the Child Jesus should escape the snare of Herod, and should reside with His parents in Egypt until the death of the conspirator, than that Divine Providence should hinder the free-will of Herod in his wish to put the Child to death, or that the fabled poetic helmet of Hades should have been employed, or anything of a similar kind done with respect to Jesus, or that they who came to destroy Him should have been smitten with blindness like the people of Sodom. For the sending of help to Him in a very miraculous and unnecessarily public manner, would not have been of any service to Him who wished to show that as a man, to whom witness was borne by God, He possessed within that form which was seen by the eyes of men some higher element of divinity,—that which was properly the Son of God—God the Word—the power of God, and the wisdom of God—He who is called the Christ. But this is not a suitable occasion for discussing the composite nature of the incarnate Jesus; the investigation into such a subject being for believers, so to speak, a sort of private question.

Ἐπὶ δὲ τούτοις ἑξῆς ὁ Ἰουδαῖος πρὸς τὸν Ἰησοῦνπαρὰ τῷ Κέλσῳ λέγει· Τί δὲ καί σε νήπιον ἔτι ἐχρῆν εἰς Αἴγυπτον ἐκκομίζεσθαι, μὴ ἀποσφαγῇς; Θεὸν γὰρ οὐκ εἰκὸς ἦν περὶ θανάτου δεδιέναι. Ἀλλ' ἄγγελος μὲν ἧκεν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, κελεύων σοι καὶ τοῖς σοῖς οἰκείοις φεύγειν, μὴ ἐγκαταλειφθέντες ἀποθάνητε. Φυλάσσειν δέ σε αὐτόθι ὁ δύο ἤδη διὰ σὲ πεπομφὼς ἀγγέλους, ὁ μέγας θεὸς τὸν ἴδιον υἱόν, οὐκ ἐδύνατο; Οἴεται δ' ἡμᾶς [νομίζειν] ἐν τούτοις ὁ Κέλσος μὴ θεῖόν τι εἶναι ἐν ἀνθρωπίνῳ σώματι καὶ ψυχῇ κατὰ τὸν Ἰησοῦν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ τοιοῦτον γεγονέναι, ὁποῖον Ὁμήρου μῦθοι εἰσάγουσι. Παίζων γοῦν τὸ ἐπὶ τῷ σταυρῷ προχυθὲν αἷμα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ φησιν ὅτι οὐκ ἦν ἰχώρ, οἷός περ τε ῥέει μακάρεσσι θεοῖσιν. Ἡμεῖς δ' αὐτῷ πιστεύοντες Ἰησοῦ περὶ μὲν τῆς ἐν αὐτῷ θειότητος λέγοντι· "Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ὁδὸς καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια καὶ ἡ ζωή", καὶ εἴ τι τούτοις παραπλήσιον, περὶ δὲ τοῦ, ὅτι ἐν ἀνθρωπίνῳ σώματι ἦν, ταῦτα φάσκοντι· "Νῦν δέ με ζητεῖτε ἀποκτεῖναι, ἄνθρωπον, ὃς τὴν ἀλήθειαν ὑμῖν λελάληκα", σύνθετόν τι χρῆμά φαμεν αὐτὸν γεγονέναι. Καὶ ἐχρῆν τὸν προνοούμενον τῆς ὡς ἀνθρώπου ἑαυτοῦ εἰς τὸν βίον ἐπιδημίας μὴ ἀκαίρως ὁμόσε χωρεῖν τῷ ἕως θανάτου κινδύνῳ. Οὕτως δὲ ἔδει αὐτὸν καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνατρε φόντων ἄγεσθαι, ὑπὸ θείου ἀγγέλου οἰκονομουμένων· πρότερον μὲν λέγοντος τοῦ χρηματίζοντος· "Ἰωσὴφ υἱὸς ∆αυίδ, μὴ φοβηθῇς παραλαβεῖν Μαριὰμ τὴν γυναῖκά σου· τὸ γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ γεννηθὲν ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου ἐστί", δεύτερον δέ· "Ἐγερθεὶς παράλαβε τὸ παιδίον καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ, καὶ φεῦγε εἰς Αἴγυπτον, καὶ ἴσθι ἐκεῖ ἕως ἂν εἴπω σοι· μέλλει γὰρ Ἡρώδης ζητεῖν τὸ παιδίον τοῦ ἀπολέσαι αὐτό." Ἐν τούτοις δ' οὐδὲ πάνυ παράδοξόν μοι φαίνεται τὸ ἀναγεγραμμένον. Ὄναρ γὰρ τῷ Ἰωσὴφ καθ' ἑκάτερον τόπον τῆς γραφῆς λέγεται ἄγγελος ταῦτ' εἰρηκέναι· τὸ δὲ ὄναρ δηλοῦσθαί τισι τάδε ποιεῖν καὶ ἄλλοις πλείοσι συμβαίνει, εἴτ' ἀγγέλου εἴθ' οὑτινοσοῦν φαντασιοῦντος τὴν ψυχήν. Τί οὖν ἄτοπον τὸν ἅπαξ ἐνανθρωπήσαντα καὶ κατ' ἀνθρωπίνην ἀγωγὴν οἰκονομεῖσθαι πρὸς τὸ ἐκκλίνειν κινδύ νους, οὐ τῷ ἄλλως ἀδύνατον εἶναι τὸ τοιοῦτον γενέσθαι ἀλλὰ τῷ δεῖν τὸ ἐγχωροῦν ὁδῷ καὶ τάξει περὶ τῆς σωτηρίας τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ᾠκονομῆσθαι; Καὶ βέλτιόν γε ἦν ὑπεκστῆναι τὸ παιδίον Ἰησοῦν τὴν Ἡρώδου ἐπιβουλὴν καὶ ἀποδημῆσαι μετὰ τῶν τρεφόντων αὐτὸ "εἰς Αἴγυπτον" "ἕως τῆς τελευτῆς" τοῦ ἐπιβουλεύοντος, ἢ τὴν περὶ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ πρόνοιαν κωλύειν τὸ ἐφ' ἡμῖν Ἡρώδου ἀναιρεῖν τὸ παιδίον θέλοντος ἢ τὴν λεγομένην παρὰ τοῖς ποιηταῖς "Ἄϊδος κυνέην" ἤ τι παραπλήσιον ποιεῖν εἶναι περὶ τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἢ πατάξαι ὁμοίως τοῖς ἐν Σοδόμοις τοὺς ἥκοντας ἐπὶ τὴν ἀναίρεσιν αὐτοῦ. Τὸ γὰρ πάνυ παράδοξον τῆς ἐπ' αὐτὸν βοηθείας καὶ ἐπὶ πλέον ἐμφανὲς οὐκ ἦν χρήσιμον τῷ βού λεσθαι αὐτὸν διδάξαι ὡς ἄνθρωπον μαρτυρούμενον ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ ἔχειν τι θειότερον ἐν τῷ βλεπομένῳ ἀνθρώπῳ· ὅπερ ἦν ὁ κυρίως υἱὸς θεοῦ, θεὸς λόγος, θεοῦ δύναμις καὶ θεοῦ σοφία, ὁ καλούμενος Χριστός. Οὐ καιρὸς δὲ νῦν τὰ περὶ τοῦ συνθέτου, καὶ ἐξ ὧν συνέκειτο ὁ ἐνανθρωπήσας Ἰησοῦς, διηγήσασθαι, οὔσης τινὸς καί, ἵν' οὕτως ὀνομάσω, οἰκείας ζητήσεως τοῖς πιστεύουσιν εἰς τὸν τόπον.