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the most irrational of the senses, touch." Therefore one might say to him who introduces such things, that he who is devoted to noetic prayer must not fast, not keep vigil, not shut himself in, not sleep on the ground, not stand for a long time, not do any such thing; for all these things violently affect the sense of touch with pain and bring trouble, as you yourself would say, to the praying soul, when it is necessary to procure for it (p. 356) freedom from disturbance on all sides. "For it would be extraordinary," he says again, "if we were to dishonor sight and hearing in prayers, the more immaterial, impassive, and rational of the senses, but should accept touch, the grossest and most irrational of all, and suppose its activities to be cooperative." For he has not comprehended, although being a philosopher, the difference in the senses, how, partaking differently of the corporeal power within them, they are not all continually moved only by things that fall upon them from without. But for us who wish to explain what happens to the material senses from immaterial prayer, there was need both of the most perfect state regarding it and a treatise looking to one thing alone, this; but "He who gives prayer to those who pray" also gives to those who speak on their behalf a discourse commensurate with the present purpose.

Therefore, as many of the senses as are moved by external activities, these must be at rest when we are turned towards things within; but as for those that are conditioned along with the dispositions of the soul, and these good ones, what need is there? And what device is there for one who has come to be in himself to be released from these of his own accord? And for what reason should one seek to be released from these, when they are in no way opposed, but even cooperate with the corresponding disposition as much as possible? For this body yoked with us was joined together by God to be a co-worker, or rather, was yoked under us; therefore, when it is restive we shall restrain it, but we shall accept it when it is led where it must go. Hearing and sight, therefore, are purer and more rational than touch, but one will not perceive anything at all through them, nor be pained by them, unless the visible or the audible object falls upon them from without, being discordant or even misshapen; but the body suffers pain more through touch, when we practice fasting and (p. 458) do not offer it external food. For this reason, those who withdraw themselves from external things towards things within, cause the senses that are not active in the absence of external objects to cease from their activity, for as long as they remain within; but as for those that are active even in the absence of external objects, how could they make them idle, especially when these also tend towards the proposed end? That this painful sensation through touch is most beneficial to those who pray noetically, all know who have even moderately engaged in the struggle concerning it, and there is less need of words for these, who have known through experience, who also do not accept those who seek such things by word alone, saying that this is the knowledge that puffs up.

But truly, those who pray noetically must be free from passion and have shaken off their disposition towards things that are somehow intermediate, for thus they might attain an undisturbed and pure prayer, but those who have not yet reached this measure, yet are hastening towards it, must rise above pleasure-seeking, and be completely freed from impassionedness (for it is necessary to put to death the sinful part of the body, which is to be freed from impassionedness, and to have reasoning stronger than the evil passions stirred in the intellectual world, which is to rise above pleasure-seeking); if these things are so, as indeed they are, and while impassionedness prevails, we could not taste of noetic prayer even with the tips of our lips, as the saying goes, we absolutely need the pain through touch by means of fasting and vigil and other such things, when we are devoted to prayer; for through it alone the sinful part of the body is put to death and the thoughts that stir up the brutish passions become more moderate and weaker;

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ἀλογωτάτην τῶν αἰσθήσεων ἁφήν». Οὐκοῦν εἴποι τις ἄν πρός τόν τά τοιαῦτα εἰσηγούμενον, οὐ νηστεύειν, οὐκ ἀγρυπνεῖν, οὐ κλείνειν, οὐ χαμευνεῖν, οὐκ ἐπί πλέον ἵστασθαι, οὐδέν τοιοῦτον πράττειν δεῖ τόν προσευχῆς νοερᾶς ἐπιμελούμενον˙ ἀλγεινῶς γάρ ταῦθ᾿ ἅπαντα τήν ἀφήν ἐνεργεῖν βιάζεται καί ὄχλον, ὡς ἄν αὐτός φαίης, τῇ ψυχῇ προσευχομένῃ προσφέρει, δέον τόν ἀνενόχλητον (σελ. 356) πανταχόθεν αὐτῇ περιποιεῖν. «Καί γάρ ὑπερφυές ἄν εἴη», πάλιν φησίν, «εἰ ὄψιν μέν καί ἀκοήν, τάς ἀϋλοτέρας τῶν αἰσθήσεων καί ἀπαθεστέρας καί λογικωτέρας, ἀτιμάζοιμεν ἐν προσευχαῖς, ἁφήν δέ τήν παχυτάτην πασῶν καί ἀλογωτάτην προσδεξαίμεθα καί τάς κατ᾿ αὐτήν ἐνεργείας συνεργεῖν ὑποληψόμεθα». Καί γάρ οὐ συνεώρακε, καίτοι φιλόσοφος ὤν, τήν ἐν ταῖς αἰσθήσεσι διαφοράν, ὅπως διαφόρως τῆς ἐν αὑταῖς σωματοειδοῦς δυνάμεως μεταλαγχάνουσαι, μή πρός μόνων τῶν ἔξωθεν αὐταῖς προσπιπτόντων ἅπασαι κινούμεναι, διατελοῦσιν. Ἡμῖν δέ τά συμβαίνοντα ταῖς ἐνύλοις αἰσθήσεσιν ἐκ τῆς ἀΰλου προσευχῆς ἐξηγεῖσθαι βουλομένοις, καί τῆς κατ᾿ αὐτήν ἕξεως τελεωτάτης ἔδει καί πραγματείας πρός ἕν ὁρώσης, τοῦτο μόνον˙ ἀλλ᾿ «ὁ διδούς εὐχήν τοῖς εὐχομένοις» καί τοῖς ὑπέρ αὐτῶν λαλοῦσι λόγον τήν νῦν προθέσει σύμμετρον.

Ὅσαι μέν οὖν τῶν αἰσθήσεων ὑπό τῶν ἔξωθεν ἐνεργειῶν κινοῦνται, ταύτας ἠρεμεῖν ἀνάγκη περί τά ἔνδον στρεφομένων ἡμῶν˙ ὅσαι δέ ταῖς τῆς ψυχῆς διαθέσεσι συνδιατίθενται, καί ταῦτα ταῖς ἀγαθαῖς, τίς χρεία; Τίς δέ μηχανή τούτων οἴκοθεν ἀφεῖσθαι τόν ἐν ἑαυτῷ γενόμενον; Τίνος δέ καί χάριν ἀφίεσθαι τούτων δεῖ ζητεῖν, μηδαμῶς προσισταμένων, ἀλλά καί συνεργουσῶν τῇ συνδιαθέσει ὅ τι μάλιστα; Τό γάρ σύζυγον ἡμῖν τουτί σῶμα ὑπό τοῦ Θεοῦ ὡς συνεργόν ἐσόμενον συνέζευκται, μᾶλλον δέ ὑπέζευκται˙ οὐκοῦν ἀφνιάζον μέν εἴρξομεν, ἀποδεξόμεθα δέ ἀγόμενον ᾗ δέον. Ἀκοή μέν οὖν καί ὄψις ἁφῆς καθαρώτεραί τε καί λογικώτεραί εἰσιν, ἀλλ᾿ οὐκ ἄν ὅλως ἀντιλήψεταί τις τούτων οὐδενός, οὐδ᾿ ἄν ὀδυνηθείη κατ᾿ αὐτό, μή ἔξωθεν προσπεσόντος τοῦ ὁρατοῦ ἤ τοῦ ἀκουστοῦ, δυσηχοῦς ὄντος ἤ καί δυσειδοῦς˙ τό δέ σῶμα ὀδυνᾶται μᾶλλον κατά τήν ἁφήν, ὅταν νηστείαν ἀσκῶμεν καί (σελ. 458) μή προσάγωμεν αὐτῷ τήν ἔξωθεν τροφήν. ∆ιά τοῦτο οἱ πρός τά ἔνδον ἀπό τῶν ἔξω ἑαυτούς συστέλλοντες τάς μέν μή παρόντων τῶν ἔξωθεν οὐκ ἐνεργούσας αἰσθήσεις τῆς κατά ταῦτα ἐνεργείας ἀποπαύουσιν, ἐφ᾿ ὅσον εἴσω μένουσι˙ τάς δέ καί ἀπόντων τῶν ἔξω ἐνεργούσας, πῶς ἄν ἀργεῖν παρασκευάσωσι, καί μάλισθ᾿ ὅταν τείνωσιν αὗται καί πρός τό προκείμενον τέλος; Ὅτι δέ ἡ ἀλγεινή κατά τήν ἁφήν αὕτη αἴσθησις τοῖς νοερῶς προσευχομένοις ἐς τά μάλιστα λυσιτελεῖς, πάντες μέν ἴσασιν ὅσοι καί μετρίως ἥψαντο τοῦ κατ᾿ αὐτήν ἀγῶνος, καί λόγων τούτοις ἧττον δῖ, διά πείρας ἐγνωκόσιν, οἵ καί τούς λόγῳ μόνῳ τά τοιαῦτα ζητοῦντας οὐκ ἀποδέχονται, ταύτην εἶναι λέγοντες τήν φυσιοῦσαν γνῶσιν.

Οὐ μήν ἀλλ᾿ εἰς τούς νοερῶς ὡς ἀληθῶς προσευχομένους ἀπροσπαθεῖς ἀνάγκη εἶναι καί τήν πρός τά μέσως πως ἔχοντα τῶν πραγμάτων σχέσιν ἀποτιναξαμένους, οὕτω γάρ ἄν σχοῖεν ἀπαρενοχλήτου καί καθαρᾶς τυγχάνειν προσευχῆς, τούς δέ μήπω πρός τοῦτο τό μέτρον ἐφθακότας, ἐπειγομένους μέντοι πρός αὐτό, τῆς μέν ἡδυπαθείας ὑπερκύπτειν, ἀπηλλάχθαι δέ τελείως ἐμπαθείας (δεῖ γάρ τό μέν ἁμαρτητικόν τοῦ σώματος νεκρώσαι, ὅ ἐστιν ἐμπαθείας ἀπηλλάχθαι, τόν δέ λογισμόν ἐπικρατέστερον ἔχειν τῶν ἐν τῷ κατά διάνοιαν κόσμῳ πονηρῶν παθημάτων κινουμένων, ὅ ἐστιν ἡδυπαθείας ὑπερκύπτειν)˙ εἰ ταῦθ᾿ οὕτως ἔχει, καθάπερ γοῦν ἔχει, καί τῆς ἐμπαθείας ἐπικρατούσης, οὐδ᾿ ἄκροις, τό τοῦ λόγου, χείλεσι νοερᾶς προσευχῆς γευσαίμεθ᾿ ἄν, δεόμεθα πάντως τοῦ κατά τήν ἁφήν διά νηστείας τε καί ἀγρυπνίας καί τῶν ἄλλων τῶν τοιούτων ἄλγους, προσευχῆς ἐπιμελούμενοι˙ δι᾿ αὐτῆς γάρ μόνης τό ἁμαρτητικόν τοῦ σώματος νεκροῦται καί οἱ τά κτηνώδη πάθη κινοῦντες λογισμοί μετριώτεροί τε καί ἀσθενέστεροι καθίστανται˙