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the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? How then does this man say that ‘I have come down from heaven’?”.

Therefore, do not you also be like the Jews, grumbling and saying: “Is not this the bread on the paten and the wine in the chalice that we see every day and eat and drink at the same time? How does he say that those good things which eye has not seen and ear has not heard and have not entered into the heart of man are these?” But listen to the Lord, what he said in response to those who said these things: “Do not grumble among yourselves. No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him; and I will raise him up on the last day.” As if to say: “Why do you disbelieve,” he says, “and doubt concerning this? No one is able to recognize my divinity, for this is what it is to come to me, unless my Father draws him.” But in saying “drawing,” he did not indicate any force, but rather that he called through revelation those whom he foreknew and whom he predestined, drawing them, that is, through the love of him who was revealed to them. And what follows makes this clearer. “For it is written,” he says, “in the prophets: ‘And they shall all be taught by God’.” Therefore he who has been taught by God is able to believe in the Son of God and having learned from the Father comes to me, not as having seen the Father; for only “he who is from God, this one has seen the Father.” And again: “Truly, truly, I say to you, he who believes in me has eternal life. I am the bread of life. Your fathers ate the manna in the wilderness and died; (167) but this is the bread that comes down from heaven, that one may eat of it and not die. I am the living bread that came down from heaven; if anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever; and the bread that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world. The Jews therefore disputed with one another, saying: How can this man give us his flesh to eat? So Jesus said to them: Truly, truly, I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in yourselves. He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day; for my flesh is true food and my blood is true drink”.

Have you heard how the communion of the divine and immaculate mysteries is eternal life and that those who have eternal life, those the Lord says he will raise on the last day, not that the others are by all means left behind in the tombs, but that those who have life are raised by life to eternal life, while the rest are raised to the eternal death of punishment. And that this is true, listen to what follows: “He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood abides in me and I in him. As the living Father sent me and I live because of the Father, so he who eats me will also live because of me”. Do you see what he says? How the Son of God explicitly cries out that our union with him through communion becomes such as the union and life that he has with the Father? For just as he is naturally united to his own God and Father, so also he says that we by grace, through eating his flesh and drinking his blood, are united to him and live in him. And lest we think that the whole thing is of the visible bread, for this reason he has said in many ways: (168) “I am the bread that comes down from heaven.” And he did not say “who came down”; for this indicates coming down once. But what? “Who comes down,” he says, that is, always and forever coming down upon the worthy and now being present every hour. And further, drawing our mind away from visible things, or rather through them leading us up to the invisible glory of his hypostatic divinity, he would say: “I am the bread of life,” and again: “My Father gives you the

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υἱός Ἰωσήφ οὗ ἡμεῖς οἴδαμεν τόν πατέρα καί τήν μητέρα; Πῶς οὖν λέγει οὗτος ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβέβηκα;".

Μή δή οὖν ὁμοιωθῇς τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις καί σύ, γογγύζων καί λέγων· "Οὐχί ὁ ἄρτος οὗτός ἐστιν ἐν τῷ δίσκῳ καί ὁ οἶνος ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ ὅν ἡμεῖς καθ᾿ ἑκάστην ὁρῶμεν καί ἐσθίομεν ἅμα καί πίνομεν; Πῶς οὗτος λέγει ὅτι τά ἀγαθά ἐκεῖνα ἅ ὀφθαλμός οὐκ εἶδε καί οὖς οὐκ ἤκουσε καί ἐπί καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἀνέβη ταῦτά εἰσιν;" Ἀλλά ἄκουε τοῦ Κυρίου πρός τούς ταῦτα εἰπόντας τί ἀνταποκριθείς ἔφη· "Μή γογγύζετε μετ᾿ ἀλλήλων. Οὐδείς δύναται ἐλθεῖν πρός με, ἐάν μή ὁ Πατήρ ὁ πέμψας με ἑλκύσῃ αὐτόν· κἀγώ ἀναστήσω αὐτόν ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ". Οἷον· "Τί ἀπιστεῖτε, φησί, καί ἀμφιβάλλετε περί τούτου· Οὐδείς δύναται ἐπιγνῶναί μου τήν θεότητα, τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τό ἐλθεῖν πρός με, ἐάν μή ὁ Πατήρ μου ἑλκύσῃ αὐτόν". Ἑλκυσμόν δέ εἰπών, οὐ βίαν τινά ἐδήλωσεν, ἀλλ᾿ ὅτι μᾶλλον ἐκάλεσε διά τῆς ἀποκαλύψεως οὕς προέγνω καί οὕς προώρισεν, ἑλκύσας διά τῆς ἀγάπης δηλονότι τοῦ ἀποκαλυφθέντος αὐτοῖς. Τοῦτο δέ σαφέστερον καί τό ἐπαγόμενον δηλοῖ. "Ἔστι γάρ, φησί, γεγραμμένον ἐν τοῖς προφήταις· Καί ἔσονται πάντες διδακτοί Θεοῦ". Ὁ οὖν διδαχθείς παρά τοῦ Θεοῦ δύναται πιστεῦσαι εἰς τόν Υἱόν τοῦ Θεοῦ καί μαθών παρά τοῦ Πατρός ἔρχεται πρός με, οὐχ ὡς τόν Πατέρα θεασάμενος· μόνος γάρ "ὁ ὤν παρά τοῦ Θεοῦ, οὗτος ἑώρακε τόν Πατέρα". Καί πάλιν· "Ἀμήν ἀμήν λέγω ὑμῖν· ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμέ ἔχει ζωήν αἰώνιον. Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς. Οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν τό μάννα ἔφαγον ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ καί ἀπέθανον· (167) οὗτος δέ ἐστιν ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβαίνων, ἵνα τις ἐξ αὐτοῦ φάγῃ καί μή ἀποθάνῃ. Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ζῶν ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς· ἐάν τις φάγῃ ἐκ τούτου τοῦ ἄρτου, ζήσεται εἰς τόν αἰῶνα· καί ὁ ἄρτος δέ ὅν ἐγώ δώσω ἡ σάρξ μου ἐστίν ἥν ἐγώ δώσω ὑπέρ τῆς τοῦ κόσμου ζωῆς. Ἐμάχοντο οὖν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι πρός ἀλλήλους λέγοντες· Πῶς δύναται οὗτος δοῦναι ἡμῖν τήν σάρκα αὐτοῦ φαγεῖν; Εἶπεν οὖν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Ἀμήν ἀμήν λέγω ὐμῖν, ἐάν μή φάγητε τήν σάρκα τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καί πίητε αὐτοῦ τό αἷμα, οὐκ ἔχετε ζωήν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς. Ὁ τρώγων μου τήν σάρκα καί πίνων μου τό αἷμα ἔχει ζωήν αἰώνιον, κἀγώ ἀναστήσω αὐτόν ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ· ἡ γάρ σάρξ μου ἀληθής ἐστι βρῶσις καί τό αἷμα μου ἀληθής ἐστι πόσις".

Ἤκουσας πῶς ἡ κοινωνία τῶν θείων καί ἀχράντων μυστηρίων ζωή αἰώνιός ἐστι καί ὅτι τούς τήν ζωήν τήν αἰώνιον ἔχοντας, ἐκείνους λέγει ἀναστῆσαι ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ὁ Κύριος, οὐχ ὡς τῶν ἄλλων πάντως ἐγκαταλιμπανομένων ἐν τοῖς μνήμασιν, ἀλλ᾿ ὡς τῶν τήν ζωήν ἐχόντων ἀνισταμένων ὑπό τῆς ζωῆς εἰς αἰωνίαν ζωήν, τῶν δέ λοιπῶν ἀνισταμένων εἰς αἰώνιον κολάσεως θάνατον. Καί ὅτι τοῦτό ἐστιν ἀληθές, ἄκουσον τῶν ἑξῆς· "Ὁ τρώγων μου τήν σάρκα καί πίνων μου τό αἷμα ἐν ἐμοί μένει κἀγώ ἐν αὐτῷ. Καθώς ἀπέστειλέ με ὁ ζῶν Πατήρ κἀγώ ζῶ διά τόν Πατέρα, καί ὁ τρώγων με κἀκεῖνος ζήσεται δι᾿ ἐμέ". Ὁρᾷς τί φησι; Πῶς τήν πρός αὐτόν ἡμῶν ἑνότητα ὁ Υἱός τοῦ Θεοῦ διά τῆς κοινωνίας τοιαύτην γενέσθαι διαρρήδην βοᾷ οἵαν ἐκεῖνος ἔχει τήν πρός τόν Πατέρα ἑνότητα καί ζωήν; Ὥσπερ γάρ ἐκεῖνος φυσικῶς τῷ ἰδίῳ Θεῷ καί Πατρί ἥνωται, οὕτω καί ἡμᾶς κατά χάριν λέγει διά τοῦ φαγεῖν τήν σάρκα αὐτοῦ καί πίειν αὐτοῦ τό αἷμα ἑνωθῆναι αὐτῷ καί ζῆσαι ἐν αὐτῷ. Ἵνα δέ μή νομίζωμεν ὅτι τό πᾶν τοῦ ἄρτου τοῦ ὁρωμένου ἐστί, τούτου ἕνεκεν πολλαχῶς εἴρηκεν· (168) "Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβαίνων". Καί οὐκ εἶπεν ὁ καταβάς· τοῦτο γάρ τό ἅπαξ δηλοῖ κατελθεῖν. Ἀλλά τί; Ὁ καταβαίνων, φησίν, ἀεί δηλονότι καί πάντοτε ἐπί τούς ἀξίους καταβαίνων καί νῦν καθ᾿ ὥραν παραγινόμενος. Ἔτι δέ ἀπό τῶν ὁρωμένων ἀφιστῶν ἡμῶν τήν διάνοιαν, μᾶλλον δέ δι᾿ αὐτῶν ἀνάγων ἡμᾶς ἐπί τήν ἀόρατον δόξαν τῆς ἐνυποστάτου αὐτοῦ θεότητος, ἔλεγεν· "Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς", καί πάλιν· "Ὁ Πατήρ μου δίδωσιν ὑμῖν τόν