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and borrowed from a poorer man, nor have we acted in a double and dissimilar way. And yet what sense does it make, to say that man is the maker and creator of good things, let us say, or of evil things, but that the Spirit is not this? But man, by the permission of God, does this or that; but from a substance brought forth by God, he creates what is lifeless, whatever he might wish, but not, however, substance itself, as we have already said. But the Spirit both creates with authority, and brings substance into being from non-being, as a co-worker and breath of the Almighty. Wherefore God in Ezekiel, showing that our spirit is renewed, but the Holy Spirit renews, and that it is not simply spirit, but properly his own, declares thus: «and I will give you a new heart, and a new spirit I will give you; and I will take away the heart of stone from your flesh, and I will give you a heart of flesh, and my spirit I will put within you.» But they, slighting even these divine words, and being in a state of complete perplexity concerning what is right, have finally resorted to external arts, and attempt to transfer to other and different things what has been so clearly stated. For they say in these very words: he who created the dead, he alone raises those who are dead. For a painter would not be able to repair a decaying work of an architect, nor a hunter that of a shipwright, nor indeed a runner that of a builder; but rather an architect repairs the work of an architect and a shipwright that of a shipwright. But the Holy Spirit, he says, neither raised the dead, nor did he create; for, he says, the nature of men was created once in Adam; and there is neither another besides that one, nor many times. But Eve was also co-created with Adam in the common principle of nature, but afterwards she was formed. But we, the orthodox, since the distinguishing mark of divine power is especially to create and to raise the dead, confess that the Holy Spirit, having done these things, is God; «for by the word of the Lord the heavens were established, and by the spirit of his mouth all their powers,» and since from the beginning, when all things were being created, he was present and was inseparable from the divinity and the energy, for this reason also when they are being renewed he is present and is mentioned along with them. For just as these men themselves have said, it was not for another substance, that is, nature, to renew, except that of the one who created. Therefore, concerning those who exist and live as if they were not, but are now being created spiritually and more divinely, David and Paul preach, as was said before and as we shall find in many places. For all time would fail me, if I wished to make mention of all things everywhere. If, therefore, it did not seem one way to the scriptures, and another to those men themselves, then first, they might at some time have considered the divine writings mentioned in this book and the one before it; for what, upon hearing these things, would they say that he who uttered them teaches? And second, they would have considered that, just as the Father is a co-creator by his good pleasure when the Son creates, so also is his Spirit; and they would not have brought the things of the blessed Trinity—which is unmixed with all things and has made us creators of words and of the repair of materials—to an examination of dissimilar things which require connection with one another and are dependent on time, and do not readily and blamelessly from every side fulfill the concept, saying things which they ought never to have said. For what or how great things might we say to God the Father who once willed for all things to subsist through the Son, the Word? Indeed, concerning him who is from the seed of David and Abraham and from the root of Jesse according to the flesh, it has been proclaimed, as was just said: «for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Spirit,» so that from this it might be confessed that the sanctifying Spirit was a co-worker with the good-working Creator. Wherefore it is also written again: «Jesus was led by the Spirit into the wilderness;» since the guiding Spirit was with him, as God with God, and as one who holds all things together and is present everywhere with him upon whom all things are established, and who is in all things and fills all things. Since, at any rate, according to their argument and manner, neither the Father

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καὶ πενεστέρου ἐδανείσατο, οὔτε ἡμεῖς διττῶς καὶ ἀνομοίως ἐνηργήμεθα. καὶ μέντοι ποῖον ἔχει λόγον, ἄνθρωπον μὲν καλῶν, φέρε εἰπεῖν, ἢ κακῶν εἶναι ποιητὴν καὶ δημιουργόν, τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα μὴ εἶναι τοῦτο; ἀλλ' ὁ ἄνθρωπος κατὰ συγχώρησιν μὲν τοῦ θεοῦ πράττει τοῦτο ἢ ἐκεῖνο· ἀπὸ οὐσίας δὲ τῆς ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ προοισθείσης, ἄψυχον δημιουργεῖ, ὁ δ' ἂν θέλοι, οὐ μὴν καὶ οὐσίαν αὐτήν, ὡς ἔφαμεν ἤδη. τὸ δέ γε πνεῦμα καὶ αὐθεντικῶς ποιεῖ, καὶ οὐσίαν ἐκ μὴ ὄντων ὑφίστησιν, ἅτε συνεργὸν καὶ πνοὴ παντοκράτορος. διόπερ ὁ θεὸς ἐν τῷ Ἰεζεκιήλ, τὸ μὲν ἡμέτερον πνεῦμα ἀνακαινίζεσθαι, τὸ δὲ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ἀνακαινίζειν, καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς πνεῦμα εἶναι, ἀλλ' ἑαυτοῦ κυρίως ὑποδεικνύς, τοιάδε θεσπίζει· «καὶ δώσω ὑμῖν καρδίαν καινήν, καὶ πνεῦμα καινὸν δώσω ὑμῖν· καὶ ἀφε λῶ τὴν καρδίαν τὴν λιθίνην ἐκ τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν, καὶ δώσω ὑμῖν καρδίαν σαρκίνην, καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα μου δώσω ἐν ὑμῖν.» οἱ δὲ καὶ τῶν θείων φωνῶν τούτων ὀλιγωροῦντες, καὶ ἐν ἀπορίᾳ πάσῃ τῶν δικαίων καθεστῶτες, λοιπὸν ταῖς ἔξωθεν τέχναις ἀποκέχρηνται, καὶ ἐπ' ἄλλα καὶ ἄλλα μεταφέρειν ἐπιχειροῦσιν τὰ οὕτως σαφῶς εἰρημένα. φάσκουσι γὰρ λέξεσιν αὐταῖς· νεκροὺς ὁ δημιουργήσας, τοὺς νεκρουμένους ἐγείρει μόνος. ἀρχιτέκτονος γὰρ ἔργον φθειρόμενον ζωγράφος οὐκ ἂν διορθώσαιτο, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ναυπηγοῦ θηρευτής, ἀλλ' οὐδέ γε οἰκοδόμου δρομεύς· ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἀρχιτέκτονος ἀρχιτέκτων καὶ ναυπηγοῦ ναυπηγός. τὸ δὲ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, φησίν, οὔτε νεκροὺς ἤγειρεν, οὔτε ἐδημιούργησεν· ἅπαξ γάρ, φησίν, ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἀδὰμ δεδημιούργηται ἡ ἀνθρώπων φύσις· καὶ οὔτε ἑτέρα παρ' ἐκείνην, οὔτε πολλάκις. ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡ Εὔα συνεκτίσθη μὲν τῷ Ἀδὰμ τῷ κοινῷ τῆς φύσεως λόγῳ, μετὰ ταῦτα δὲ διεμορφώθη. ἡμεῖς δὲ οἱ ὀρθόδοξοι, ἐπειδὴ μάλιστα θεϊκῆς δυνάμεως γνώρισμα τὸ δημιουργῆσαι καὶ νεκροὺς ἐγεῖραι, ὁμολογοῦμεν τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ταῦτα πεποιηκὸς εἶναι θεόν· «τῷ λόγῳ» γὰρ «κυρίου οἱ οὐρανοὶ ἐστερεώθησαν, καὶ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ πᾶσαι αἱ δυνάμεις αὐτῶν,» καὶ ἐπειδὴ ἀρχῆθεν, δημιουργουμένων πάντων, συμπαρῆν καὶ ἀχωρίστως εἶχεν τῇ θεότητι καὶ τῇ ἐνεργείᾳ, διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἀνακαινιζομένων αὐτῶν συμπάρεστι καὶ συμμνημονεύεται. ὅπερ γὰρ εἰρήκασιν αὐτοὶ οὗτοι, οὐκ ἦν ἑτέρας οὐσίας ὅ ἐστιν φύσεως τὸ ἀνακαινίσαι, εἰ μὴ τῆς τοῦ κτίσαντος. περὶ οὖν τῶν ὄντων καὶ πολιτευομένων ὡς μὴ ὄντων, ἀλλὰ νῦν πνευματικῶς καὶ θειοτέρως κτιζομένων ὁ ∆αυὶδ καὶ ὁ Παῦλος κηρύσσει, ὡς προελέχθη καὶ ὡς πολλαχοῦ εὑρήσομεν. ἐπιλείψει με γὰρ ἂν ὁ πᾶς χρόνος, εἰ πάντων πανταχοῦ μνημονεύειν ἐθελήσω. εἰ μὴ οὖν ἑτέρως μὲν ταῖς γραφαῖς, ἑτέρως δὲ αὐτοῖς ἐκείνοις ἐδόκει, πρῶτον μὲν οὖν κἄν ποτε παρενεθυμήθησαν τὰ θεῖα γραφεῖα τὰ ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τῷδε καὶ τῷ πρὸ αὐτοῦ μνημονευθέντα· τί γὰρ ἄν, ἀκούοντες ταῦτα, φήσαιεν τὸν χρήσαντα αὐτὰ διδάσκειν; δεύτερον δὲ ἐλογίσαντο ἄν, ὅτιπερ, ὃν τρόπον τοῦ υἱοῦ κτίσαντος συμποιητὴς ὁ πατήρ ἐστιν τῇ εὐδοκήσει, οὕτω καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ· καὶ οὐκ εἰς τὴν τῶν οὐχ ὁμοίων ἐξέτασιν τῶν συνάρσεως τῆς ἀλλήλων καὶ τῆς ἀπὸ τοῦ χρόνου δεομένων καὶ μηδὲ πληρούντων ἑτοίμως καὶ πανταχόθεν ἀμέμπτως τὴν ἐνθύμησιν τὰ τῆς ἀμίκτου ἅπασιν μακαρίας τριάδος τῆς καὶ ἡμᾶς ἀποτελεσάσης, δημιουργοὺς λόγων τε καὶ ὑλῶν ἐπισκευῆς, ἤγαγον, λέγοντες, ἅπερ μήποτ' ἔφασαν. τί γὰρ ἢ ὡς πηλίκοι εἴποιμεν τῷ ἅπαξ θελήσαντι θεῷ πατρὶ διὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ λόγου πάντα ὑποστῆναι; ἀμέλει τοι περὶ τοῦ ἐκ σπέρματος ∆αυὶδ καὶ Ἀβραὰμ καὶ ἐκ ῥίζης Ἰεσσαὶ κατὰ σάρκα κεκήρυκται, ὡς ἀρτίως εἴρηται· «τὸ γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ γεννηθὲν ἐκ πνεύματός ἐστιν ἁγίου,» ἵνα κἀντεῦθεν ὁμόλογον ᾖ, ὡς συνεργὸν ἦν τῷ ἀγαθουργῷ δημιουργῷ τὸ ἁγιαστικὸν πνεῦμα. διὸ καὶ αὖθις γέγραπται· «ἤγετο ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐν πνεύματι ἐπὶ τὴν ἔρημον·» ἐπειδὴ συνῆν αὐτῷ τὸ ἡγεμονικὸν πνεῦμα, ὡς θεὸς θεῷ καὶ ὡς πάντα συνέχων καὶ πανταχοῦ παρὼν τῷ, ἐφ' ὃν πάντα ἐστήρικται, καὶ ἐν πᾶσιν ὄντι καὶ πληροῦντι τὰ πάντα. ἐπεὶ μή γε τῷ ἐκείνων λόγῳ καὶ τῷ τρόπῳ οὔτε ὁ πατὴρ