Homily LXXII.

John xiii. 20.2021    Ver. 19 omitted. “Now I tell you before it come, that when it is come to pass ye may believe that I am.”

“Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that receiveth whomsoever I send, receiveth Me: and He that receiveth Me, receiveth Him that sent Me.”

[1.] Great is the recompense2022   al. “return.” of care bestowed upon the servants of God, and of itself2023   ἐ ντεῦθεν it yieldeth to us its fruits. For, “he that receiveth you,” it saith, “receiveth Me, and he that receiveth Me, receiveth Him that sent Me.” ( Matt. x. 40.) Now what can be equal to the receiving Christ and His Father? But what kind of connection hath this with what was said before? What hath it in common with that which He had said, “If ye do these things happy are ye,” to add, “He that receiveth you”? A close connection, and very harmonious.2024   al. “one may see even a close connection, since,” &c. Observe how. When they were about to go forth and to suffer many dreadful things, He comforteth them in two ways; one derived from Himself, the other derived from others. “For if,” He saith, “ye are truly wise, ever keeping Me in mind, and bearing about all both what I said, and what I did, ye will easily endure terrible things. And not in this way only, but also from your enjoying great attention from all men.” The first point He declared when He said, “If ye do these things happy are ye”; the second when He said, “He that receiveth you receiveth Me.” For He opened the houses of all men to them, so that both from the sound wisdom of their manners, and the zeal of those who would tend them, they might have twofold comfort. Then when He had given these directions to them as to men about to run through all the world, reflecting that the traitor was deprived of both of these things, and would enjoy neither of them, neither patience in toils, nor the service of kind entertainers, He again was troubled. And the Evangelist to signify this besides, and to show that it was on his2025   i.e. the traitor’s. account that He was troubled, adds,

Ver. 21. “When Jesus had thus said, He was troubled in spirit, and testified, and said, Verily, verily, I say unto you, that one of you shall betray Me.”

Again He bringeth fear on all by not mentioning (the traitor) by name.

Ver. 22. “But they are in doubt”;2026   “Then the disciples looked one on another, doubting of whom He spake.” N.T. although conscious to themselves of nothing evil; but they deemed the declaration of Christ more to be believed than their own thoughts. Wherefore they “looked one on another.” By laying the whole upon one, Jesus would2027   al. “The laying, &c. would.” have cut short their fear, but by adding, “one of you,” He troubled all. What then? The rest looked upon one another; but the ever fervent Peter “beckoneth”2028    Ver. 23–25. “Now there was leaning on Jesus’ bosom one of His disciples, whom Jesus loved. Simon Peter therefore beckoned to him, that he should ask who it should be of whom He spake. He then, lying on Jesus’ breast, saith unto Him, Lord, who is it?” to John. Since he had been before rebuked, and when Christ desired to wash him would have hindered Him, and since he is everywhere found moved indeed by love, yet blamed; being on this account afraid, he neither kept quiet, nor did he speak, but wished to gain information by means of John. But it is a question worth asking, why when all were distressed, and trembling, when their leader was afraid, John like one at ease2029   ἐ ντρυφῶν leans on Jesus’ bosom, and not only leans, but even (lies) on His breast? Nor is this the only thing worthy of enquiry, but that also which follows. What is that? What he saith of himself, “Whom Jesus loved.” Why did no one else say this of himself? yet the others were loved too. But he more than any. And if no other hath said this about him, but he about himself, it is nothing wonderful. Paul too does the same,2030   i.e. speaks of himself. when occasion calls, saying thus, “I knew a man fourteen years ago”; yet in fact he2031   St. John. has gone through other no trifling praises of himself. Seems it to thee a small thing that, when he had heard, “Follow Me,”2032   not in St. John, but see Matt. iv. 21 he straightway left his nets, and his father, and followed; and that Christ took him alone with Peter into the mountain, ( Matt. xvii. 1 ,) and another time again when He went into a house?2033   of Jairus. ( Luke viii. 51.) What high praise also has he himself passed on Peter without concealment, telling us that Christ said, “Peter,2034   “Simon, son of Jonas.” lovest thou Me more than these?” ( c. xxi. 15 ), and everywhere he showeth him warm, and nobly disposed towards himself;2035   or, “Christ,” αὐτόν for instance, when he said, “Lord, and what shall this man do?” he spake from great love. But why did2036   al. “on this account then.” no other say (this2037   i.e. that Jesus loved him.) concerning him? Because he would not himself have said it, unless he had come to this passage.2038   i.e. in his Gospel history. For if after telling us that Peter beckoned to John to ask, he had added nothing more, he would have caused considerable doubt, and have compelled us to enquire into the reason. In order therefore himself to solve this difficulty, he saith, “He lay on the bosom of Jesus.” Thinkest thou that thou hast learnt a little thing when thou hast heard that “he lay,” and that their Master allowed such boldness to them?2039   Sav. conject. “him.” If thou desirest to know the cause of this, the action was of love;2040   ἀ γάπης wherefore he saith, “Whom Jesus loved.”2041   ἐ φίλε I suppose also that John doth this for another reason, as wishing to show that he was exempt from the charge and so he speaks openly and is confident. Again, why did he use these words, not at any other point of time,2042   χωρίῳ but only when the chief of the Apostles beckoned? That thou mightest not deem that Peter beckoned to him as being greater, he saith that the thing took place because of the great love (which Jesus bare him). But why doth he even lie on His bosom? They had not as yet formed any high surmises concerning Him; besides, in this way He2043   or, “Christ.” calmed their despondency; for it is probable that at this time their faces were overclouded. If they were troubled in their souls, much more would they be so in their countenances. Soothing them therefore by word and by the question, He makes a way beforehand, and allows him to lean on His breast. Observe too his modesty; he mentions not his own name, but, “whom He loved.” As also Paul, when he said, “I knew a man about fourteen years ago.” Now for the first time Jesus convicted the traitor, but not even now by name; but how?

Ver. 26. “He it is, to whom I shall give a sop when I have dipped it.”2044   “And when He had dipped the sop, He gave it to Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon.” N.T.

Even the manner (of the rebuke) was calculated to put him to shame. He respected not the table, though he shared the bread; be it so; but the receiving the sop from His own hand, whom would not that have won over? yet him it won not.

Ver. 27. “Then2045   “after the sop,” N.T. Satan entered into him.”

Laughing at him for his shamelessness. As long as he belonged to the band of disciples he dared not spring upon him, but attacked2046   al. “put forward.” him from without; but when Christ made him manifest and separated him, then he sprang upon him without fear. It was not fitting to keep within one of such a character, and who so long had remained incorrigible. Wherefore He henceforth cast him out, and then that other seized him when cut off, and he leaving them went forth by night.2047   al. “went forth out.”

“Jesus saith unto him, Friend,2048   “unto him, That,” &c., N.T. that thou doest, do quickly.”

Ver. 28. “Now no man at the table knew with what intent He spake this unto him.”2049    Ver. 29, 30. “For some of them thought, because Judas had the bag, that Jesus had said unto him, Buy those things that we have need of against the feast, or that he should give something to the poor. He then having received the sop, went immediately out.”

[3.] Wonderful insensibility! How could it be that he was neither softened nor shamed; but rendered yet more shameless, “went out.” The “do quickly,” is not the expression of one commanding, nor advising, but of one reproaching, and showing him that He desired to correct him, but that since he was incorrigible, He let him go. And this, the Evangelist saith, “no man of those that sat at the table knew.” Some one may perhaps find here a considerable difficulty, if, when the disciples had asked, “Who is it?” and He had answered, “He to whom I shall give a sop when I have dipped it,” they did not even so understand; unless indeed He spake it secretly, so that no man should hear. For John on this very account, leaning by His breast, asked Him almost close to His ear, so that the traitor might not be made manifest; and Christ answered in like manner, so that not even then did He discover him. And though He spake emphatically,2050   al. “more plainly.” “Friend, that thou doest, do quickly,” even so they understood not. But he spake thus to show that the things were true which had been said by Him to the Jews concerning His death. For He had said to them, “I have power to lay down My life, and I have power to take it again”: and, “No man taketh it from Me.” ( c. x. 18.) As long then as He would retain it, no man was able (to take it); but when He resigned it, then the action became easy. All this He implied when He said, “That thou doest, do quickly.” Yet not even then did He expose him,2051   Judas. for perhaps the others might have torn him in pieces, or Peter might have killed him. On this account “no man at the table knew.” Not even John? Not even he: for he could not have expected that a disciple would arrive2052   al. “have gone out.” at such a pitch of wickedness. For since they were far from such iniquity themselves, they could not suspect such things concerning others. As before He had told them, “I speak not of you all” ( ver. 18 ), yet did not reveal the person; so here, they thought that it was said concerning some other matter.

“It was night,” saith the Evangelist, when he went out. “Why tellest thou me the time?” That thou mayest learn his forwardness, that not even the time restrained him from his purpose. Yet not even did this make him quite manifest, for the others were at this time in confusion, occupied by fear and great distress, and they knew not the true reason of what had been said but supposed2053   al. “thought it saith.” that He spake thus, in order that Judas might give somewhat to the poor. For He cared greatly for the poor, teaching us also to bestow much diligence on this thing. But they thought this, not without a cause, but “because he had the bag.” Yet no one appears to have brought money to Him; that the female disciples nourished Him of their substance, it has said, but this2054   the carrying of money. it hath nowhere intimated. ( Luke viii. 3.) But how did He who bade His disciples bear neither scrip, nor money, nor staff, Himself bear a bag to minister to the poor? That thou mayest learn, that it behooveth even him who is exceedingly needy and crucified, to be very careful on this point. For many things He did in the way of dispensation2055   οἰκονομῶν for our instruction. The disciples then thought that He said this, that Judas should give something to the poor; and not even this shamed him, His not being willing even to the last day to make him a public example. We too ought to do the like, and not parade the sins of our companions, though they be incurable. For even after this He gave a kiss to the man who came to betray Him, and endured,2056   κατεδέξετο such an action as that was, and then proceeded to a thing of far greater daring,2057   al. “far more grievous.” the Cross itself,2058   al. “His Cross.” to the death of shame, and there again He manifested His lovingkindness. And here He calleth it “glory,” showing us that there is nothing so shameful and reproachful which makes not brighter him who goeth to it, if it be done according to the will of God. At least after the going forth of Judas to the betraying, He saith,

Ver. 31. “Now is the Son of Man glorified.”2059   “And God is glorified in Him.” N.T.

In this way rousing the dejected thoughts of the disciples, and persuading them not only not to despond, but even to rejoice. On this account He rebuked Peter at the first, because for one who has been in death to overcome death, is great glory. And this is what He said of Himself, “When I am lifted up,2060   “When ye have lifted up the Son of Man.” N.T. then ye shall know that I Am” ( c. viii. 28 ); and again, “Destroy this Temple” ( c. ii. 19 ); and again, “No sign shall be given unto you2061   “this generation,” N.T. but the sign of Jonas.” ( Matt. xii. 39.) For how can it be otherwise than great glory, the being able even after death to do greater things than before death? for in order that the Resurrection might be believed, the disciples did work greater things. But unless He had lived, and had been God, how could these men have wrought such things in His Name?

Ver. 32. “And God shall glorify Him.”2062   “If God be glorified in Him, God shall also glorify,” &c., N.T.

What is, “And God shall glorify Him in Himself”? It is “by means of2063   διὰ Himself, not by means of another.”

“And shall straightway glorify Him.”

[4.] That is, “simultaneously with the Cross.” “For it will not be after much time,” He saith, “nor will He wait for the distant season of the Resurrection, nor will He then show Him glorious, but straightway on the Cross itself His glories shall appear.” And so the sun was darkened,2064   al. “turned away.” the rocks rent; the veil of the temple was parted asunder, many bodies of saints that slept arose, the tomb had its seals, the guards sat by, and while a stone lay over the Body the Body rose; forty days passed by, and the Gift of the Spirit came, and they all straightway preached Him. This is, “shall glorify Him in Himself, and shall straightway glorify Him”; not by Angels or Archangels, not by any other power, but by Himself. But how did He also glorify Him by Himself? By doing all for the glory of the Son. Yet the Son did all. Seest thou that He referreth to the Father the things done by Himself?

Ver. 33. “Little children, yet a little while I am with you—and2065   “Ye shall seek Me, and,” &c., N.T. and Ben. as I said unto the Jews, Whither I go ye cannot come, so now I say to you.”

He now begins words of sorrow after the supper. For when Judas went forth it was no longer evening, but night. But since they2066   i.e. they who were to take Him. were about to come shortly, it was necessary to set all things before the disciples, that they might have them in remembrance; or rather, the Spirit recalled all to their minds. For it is likely that they would forget many things, as hearing for the first time, and being about to undergo such temptations. Men who were weighed down to sleep, (as another Evangelist saith,— Luke xxii. 45 ,) who were possessed by despondency, as Christ saith Himself, “Because I have said these things unto you, sorrow hath filled your hearts” ( c. xvi. 6 ), how could they retain all these things exactly? Why then were they spoken? It became no little gain to them with respect to their opinion of2067   or, “the glory of.” Christ, that in after times when reminded2068   i.e. by the Spirit. they certainly knew that they had long ago heard these things from Christ. But wherefore doth He first cast down their souls, saying, “Yet a little while I am with you”? “To the Jews indeed it was said with reason, but wherefore dost Thou place us in just the same class with those obstinate ones?” He by no means did so. “Why then said He, ‘As I said to the Jews’?” He reminded them that He did not now, because troubles were upon them, warn them of these things, but that He had foreknown them from the first, and that they were witnesses who had heard that He had said these things to the Jews. Wherefore He added also the word, “little children,” that when they heard, “As I said to the Jews,” they might not deem that the expression was used in like sense towards themselves. It was not then to depress but to comfort them that He thus spake, that their dangers might not, by coming upon them suddenly, trouble them to excess.

“Whither I go, ye cannot come.” He showeth that His death is a removal, and a change for the better2069   μετάθεσις ἀμείνων to a place which admits not corruptible bodies. This He saith, both to excite their love towards Him, and to make it more fervent. Ye know that when we see any of our dearest friends departing from us, our affection is warmest, and the more so, when we see them going to a place to which it is not even possible for us to go. These things then He said, terrifying the Jews, but kindling longing in the disciples. “Such is the place, that not only not they, but not even you, My best beloved, can come there.” Here He showeth also His Own dignity.

“So now I say to you.” Why “now”? “In one way to them, to you in another way”; that is, “not with them.” But when did the Jews seek Him, when the disciples? The disciples, when they fled the Jews, when they suffered miseries unendurable and surpassing all description at the capture of their city, when the wrath of God was borne down upon them from every side. To the Jews therefore He2070   al. “I.” spake then, because of their unbelief, “but to you now, that troubles might not come upon you unexpected.”

Ver. 34. “A new commandment I give unto you.”2071   “That ye love one another; as I have loved you, that ye also love one another.” N.T.

For since it was likely that they would be troubled when they heard these things, as though they were about to be deserted, He comforteth them, investing them with that which was the root of all blessings and a safeguard, love. As though He had said, “Grieve ye at My departure? Nay, if ye love one another, ye shall be the stronger.” Why then said He not this? Because He said what profited them more than this.

Ver. 35. “By this shall all men know that ye are My disciples.”2072   “if ye have love one to another,” N.T.

[5.] By this He at the same time showed that the company2073   i.e. of Christian people, χορὸς should never be extinguished, when He gave them a distinguishing token. This He said when the traitor was cut off from them. But how calleth He that a new commandment which is contained also in the Old (covenant)? He made it new Himself by the manner; therefore He added, “As I have loved you.” “I have not paid back to you a debt of good deeds first done by you, but Myself have begun,” He saith. “And so ought you to benefit your dearest ones, though you owe them nothing”; and omitting to speak of the miracles which they should do, He maketh their characteristic, love. And why? Because it is this which chiefly shows men holy; it is the foundation of all virtue; by this mostly we are all even saved. For “this,” He saith, “is to be a disciple; so shall all men praise you, when they see you imitating My Love.” What then? Do not miracles much more show this? By no means. For “many will say, Lord, have we not in Thy Name cast out devils?” ( Matt. vii. 22.) And again, when they rejoice that the devils obey them, He saith, “Rejoice not that the devils obey2074   “are subject to,” N.T. you, but that your names are written in heaven.” ( Luke x. 20.) And2075   the working of miracles. this indeed brought over the world, because that2076   love. was before it; had not that been, neither would this have endured. This then straightway made them perfect,2077   καλοὺς κἀγαθοὺς, beautiful and good. the having2078   al. “and to have.” all one heart and one soul. But had they separated one from the other, all things would have been lost.

Now He spake this not to them only, but to all who should believe on Him; since even now, there is nothing else that causes the heathen2079   lit. “Greeks.” to stumble, except that there is no love. “But,” saith some one, “they also urge against us the absence of miracles.” But not in the same way. “But where did the Apostles manifest their love?” Seest thou Peter and John inseparable from one another, and going up to the Temple? ( Acts iii. 1.) Seest thou Paul disposed in a like way towards them, and dost thou doubt? If they had gained the other blessings, much more had they the mother of them all. For this is a thing that springs from a virtuous soul; but where wickedness is, there the plant withers away. For “when,”2080   “because,” N.T. it saith, “iniquity shall abound, the love of many shall wax cold.” ( Matt. xxiv. 12.) And miracles do not so much attract the heathen as the mode of life; and nothing so much causes a right life as love. For those who wrought miracles they often even called deceivers; but they could have no hold upon a pure life. While then the message of the Gospel was not yet spread abroad, miracles were with good reason marveled at, but now men must get to be admired by their lives. For nothing so raises respect in the heathen as virtue, nothing so offends them as vice. And with good reason. When one of them sees the greedy man, the plunderer, exhorting others to do the contrary, when he sees the man who was commanded to love even his enemies, treating his very kindred like brutes, he will say that the words are folly. When he sees one trembling at death, how will he receive the accounts of immortality? When he sees us fond of rule, and slaves to the other passions, he will more firmly remain in his own doctrines, forming no high opinion of us. We, we are the cause of their remaining in their error. Their own doctrines they have long condemned, and in like manner they admire ours, but they are hindered by our mode of life. To follow wisdom in talk is easy, many among themselves have done this; but they require the proof by works. “Then let them look to the ancients of our profession.” But about them they by no means believe; they enquire concerning those now living. For, “show me,” it saith, “thy faith by thy works”2081   so read in some copies. ( Jas. ii. 18 ); but this is not the case; on the contrary, seeing us tear our neighbors worse than any wild beast, they call us the curse of the world. These things restrain the heathen, and suffer them not to come over to our side. So that we shall be punished for these also; not only for what we do amiss ourselves, but because the name of God is blasphemed. How long shall we be given up to wealth, and luxury, and the other passions? For the future let us leave them. Hear what the Prophet saith of certain foolish ones, “Let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.” ( Isa. xxii. 31.) But in the present case we cannot even say this,2082   i.e. “certain” foolish ones. so “many” gather round themselves what belongs to all. So chiding them also, the Prophet said, “Will ye dwell alone upon the earth?” ( Isa. v. 8.) Wherefore I fear lest some grievous thing come to pass, and we draw down upon us heavy vengeance from God. And that this may not come to pass, let us be careful of2083   al. “lay hold on.” all virtue, that we may obtain the future blessings, through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom and with whom, to the Father and the Holy Ghost, be glory now and forever, and world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΟΒʹ. Ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ὁ λαμβάνων ἐάν τινα πέμψω, ἐμὲ λαμβάνει, καὶ ὁ ἐμὲ λαμβάνων, λαμβάνει τὸν πέμψαντά με. αʹ. Μεγάλη τῆς περὶ τοὺς δούλους τοῦ Θεοῦ θεραπείας ἡ ἀνταπόδοσις, καὶ τοὺς καρποὺς ἐντεῦθεν ἡμῖν ἀποδίδωσιν. Ὁ δεχόμενος γὰρ, φησὶν, ὑμᾶς, ἐμὲ δέχεται: ὁ δὲ λαμβάνων ἐμὲ, λαμβάνει τὸν πέμψαντά με. Τοῦ δὲ τὸν Χριστὸν δέξασθαι, καὶ τὸν τούτου Πατέρα, τί γένοιτ' ἂν ἴσον; Καὶ ποία αὕτη ἀκολουθία πρὸς τὰ ἔμπροσθεν εἰρημένα; τί δὲ κοινὸν ἔχει πρὸς ὃ εἶπεν, Ἐὰν ποιῆτε ταῦτα, μακάριοί ἐστε, τὸ ἐπαγαγεῖν, Ὁ δεχόμενος ὑμᾶς; Μεγάλη καὶ σφόδρα συνᾴδουσα: καὶ σκόπει πῶς. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἔμελλον ἐξιέναι, καὶ πολλὰ πάσχειν δεινὰ, δύο τρόποις αὐτοὺς παραμυθεῖται: ἑνὶ μὲν, τῷ παρ' ἑαυτοῦ: ἑτέρῳ δὲ, τῷ παρ' ἑτέρων. Ἐὰν γὰρ φιλοσοφῆτε, φησὶν, ἐμὲ διὰ παντὸς ἔχοντες ἐν μνήμῃ, καὶ ἅπερ ἔπαθον, καὶ ἅπερ ἐποίησα περιφέροντες ἅπαντα, ῥᾳδίως οἴσετε τὰ δεινά. Οὐ τούτῳ δὲ μόνῳ τῷ τρόπῳ, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ παρὰ πάντων πολλῆς ἀπολαύειν θεραπείας. Καὶ τὸ μὲν πρότερον ἐδήλωσεν, εἰπών: Ἐὰν ποιῆτε ταῦτα, μακάριοί ἐστε: τὸ δὲ ἕτερον, Ὁ δεχόμενος ὑμᾶς, ἐμὲ δέχεται, λέγων. Τὰς γὰρ πάντων ἀνέῳξεν αὐτοῖς οἰκίας, ὥστε καὶ ἐκ τῆς τῶν τρόπων φιλοσοφίας, καὶ ἐκ τῆς τῶν θεραπευόντων προθυμίας διπλῆν ἔχειν παράκλησιν. Εἶτα, ἐπειδὴ ταῦτα αὐτοῖς διετάξατο ὡς μέλλουσι τὴν οἰκουμένην διατρέχειν ἅπασαν, ἐννοῶν ὅτι ἑκατέρων τούτων ὁ προδότης ἀπεστέρηται, καὶ οὐδενὸς αὐτῶν ἀπολαύσεται, οὔτε τῆς ἐν τοῖς πόνοις ὑπομονῆς, οὔτε τῆς τῶν ὑποδεχομένων θεραπείας, ἐταράχθη πάλιν. Ὅπερ καὶ ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς ἐπισημαινόμενος, καὶ δηλῶν ὅτι δι' ἐκεῖνον ταράσσεται, ἐπάγει: Ταῦτα εἰπὼν ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ἐταράχθη τῷ πνεύματι, καὶ ἐμαρτύρησε, καὶ εἶπεν: Εἷς ἐξ ὑμῶν παραδώσει με. Πάλιν εἰς πάντας περιίστησι τὸν φόβον τῷ μὴ ὀνομαστὶ εἰπεῖν: οἱ δὲ ἀποροῦνται, καίτοι ἑαυτοῖς μηδὲν συνειδότες πονηρόν: τῶν οἰκείων γὰρ λογισμῶν τὴν ἀπόφασιν τοῦ Χριστοῦ πιστοτέραν ἡγοῦντο. Διὸ καὶ ἔβλεπον εἰς ἀλλήλους. Τῷ μὲν οὖν εἰς ἕνα περιστῆσαι τὸ πᾶν, ὑπετέμνετο τὸν φόβον: τῷ δὲ προσθεῖναι, Εἷς ἐξ ὑμῶν, συνετάρασσεν ἅπαντας. Τί οὖν; Οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι βλέπουσιν εἰς ἀλλήλους: ὁ δὲ πανταχοῦ θερμὸς Πέτρος τῷ Ἰωάννῃ νεύει. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ καὶ πρότερον ἐπετιμήθη, καὶ βουλομένου νίψαι ἐκώλυσε, καὶ πανταχοῦ εὑρίσκεται ἀπὸ πόθου μὲν ὁρμῶν, ἐγκαλούμενος δὲ, τούτου χάριν δεδοικὼς, οὔτε ἡσύχασεν, οὔτε ἐφθέγξατο, ἀλλὰ διὰ μέσου τοῦ Ἰωάννου βούλεται μαθεῖν. Ἐκεῖνο δὲ ἄξιον διαπορῆσαι, τί δήποτε πάντων ἀγωνιώντων, τρεμόντων, τοῦ κορυφαίου δεδοικότος, ὁ Ἰωάννης ὥσπερ ἐντρυφῶν ἀνάκειται εἰς τὸν κόλπον τοῦ Ἰησοῦ: καὶ οὐκ ἀνάκειται μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ στήθει: καὶ οὐ τοῦτο μόνον ἄξιον ζητήσεως, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ ἑξῆς. Τί δὲ τοῦτό ἐστιν; Ὃ περὶ ἑαυτοῦ λέγει, Ὃν ἠγάπα ὁ Ἰησοῦς. Διατί γὰρ μηδεὶς ἕτερος τοῦτο εἶπε περὶ αὐτοῦ, καίτοι καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἠγαπῶντο; Ἀλλ' οὗτος πλέον τῶν ἄλλων. Εἰ δὲ μηδεὶς ἄλλος τοῦτο περὶ αὐτοῦ εἶπεν, ἀλλ' αὐτὸς περὶ ἑαυτοῦ, θαυμαστὸν οὐδέν. Ποιεῖ δὲ αὐτὸ καὶ Παῦλος, καιροῦ καλοῦντος, οὕτω λέγων Οἶδα ἄνθρωπον πρὸ ἐτῶν δεκατεσσάρων: καίτοι γε οὐ μικρὰ αὐτοῦ διῆλθεν ἐγκώμια ἕτερα. Ἢ μικρὸν εἶναί σοι δοκεῖ τὸ ἀκούσαντα, Ἀκολούθει μοι, εὐθέως ἀφέντα τὰ δίκτυα καὶ τὸν πατέρα, ἀκολουθῆσαι, καὶ τὸ μετὰ Πέτρου μόνον αὐτὸν λαβεῖν εἰς τὸ ὄρος, καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ πάλιν εἰς οἰκίαν εἰσελθόντα; Αὐτὸς δὲ ἡλίκον ἐγκώμιον τοῦ Πέτρου διῆλθε, καὶ οὐκ ἀπεκρύψατο, εἰρηκέναι τὸν Χριστὸν λέγων: Πέτρε, φιλεῖς με πλέον τούτων; Καὶ πανταχοῦ δὲ δείκνυσιν αὐτὸν θερμὸν καὶ γνησίως ἔχοντα πρὸς αὐτόν. Ὅτε γοῦν ἔλεγεν, Οὗτος δὲ τί; ἐκ πολλοῦ πόθου τοῦτο ἔλεγε. Διὰ τοῦτο οὖν ἄλλος οὐδεὶς εἶπε περὶ αὐτοῦ: ἀλλ' οὐδὲ αὐτὸς εἶπεν ἂν, εἰ μὴ εἰς τοῦτο ἐνέπεσε τὸ χωρίον. Εἰ γὰρ εἰπὼν, ὅτι Πέτρος ἔνευσεν Ἰωάννῃ ἐρωτῆσαι, καὶ μηδὲν ἄλλο προσέθηκε, πολλὴν ἐποίει τὴν ἀπορίαν, καὶ ζητεῖν ἠνάγκαζεν ἡμᾶς τὴν αἰτίαν: διὰ τοῦτο λύων αὐτὸς ταύτην, Ἀνέκειτο, φησὶ, εἰς τὸν κόλπον τοῦ Ἰησοῦ. Ἢ μικρὸν οἴει μεμαθηκέναι, ἀκούσας ὅτι ἀνέκειτο, καὶ τοσαύτης αὐτοῖς ὁ διδάσκαλος μετεδίδου παῤῥησίας; Εἰ καὶ τούτου τὴν αἰτίαν ζητεῖς μαθεῖν, ἀγάπης τὸ πρᾶγμα ἦν: διὰ τοῦτό φησιν, Ὃν ἐφίλει ὁ Ἰησοῦς Ἐγὼ δὲ αὐτὸν καὶ δι' ἄλλο οἶμαι τοῦτο ποιεῖν, βουλόμενον δεῖξαι ἀλλότριον ἑαυτὸν τοῦ ἐγκλήματος. Διὰ τοῦτο παῤῥησιάζεται καὶ θαῤῥεῖ. Ἐπεὶ διὰ τί μὴ ἐν ἄλλῳ χωρίῳ τοῦτο εἶπεν, ἀλλ' ὅτε ὁ κορυφαῖος ἔνευσεν; Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ νομίσῃς, ὅτι ὡς μείζονι ὄντι ἔνευσεν, λέγει, ὅτι διὰ τὴν πολλὴν ἀγάπην τοῦτο ἐγίνετο. Τί δὲ καὶ ἐπιπίπτει τῷ στήθει; Οὐδὲν οὐδέπω περὶ αὐτοῦ μέγα ὑπώπτευον: ἄλλως δὲ, καὶ τὴν ἀθυμίαν κατεπράϋνεν. Εἰκὸς γὰρ καὶ τὴν ὄψιν αὐτῶν εἶναι κατηφῆ τότε. Εἰ γὰρ ταῖς ψυχαῖς αὐτῶν ἐταράχθησαν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ταῖς ὄψεσι. Μειλισσόμενος τοίνυν αὐτοὺς καὶ τῷ λόγῳ καὶ τῇ ἐρωτήσει, προοδοποιεῖ καὶ συγχωρεῖ ἀναπεσεῖν ἐπὶ τὸ στῆθος. Σκόπει δὲ αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸ ἀκόμπαστον. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπε τὸ ὄνομα, ἀλλ' ὅτι Ὃν ἠγάπα: καθάπερ καὶ Παῦλος, ὅτε ἔλεγεν: Οἶδα ἄνθρωπον πρὸ ἐτῶν δεκατεσσάρων. Τότε δὴ πρῶτον αὐτὸν ἐλέγχει ὁ Ἰησοῦς, καὶ οὐδὲ τότε ὀνομαστί: ἀλλὰ πῶς; Ὧ| ἐγὼ βάψας τὸ ψωμίον ἐπιδώσω. Καὶ ὁ τρόπος ἐντρεπτικός: οὐδὲ γὰρ τὴν τράπεζαν ᾐδέσθη, τοῦ αὐτοῦ ἄρτου κοινωνήσας. Ἔστω, ἡ κοινωνία τῶν ἁλῶν οὐκ ἐνέτρεψε: τὸ καὶ παρ' αὐτοῦ δέξασθαι τὸ ψωμίον, τίνα οὐκ ἂν ἐπεσπάσατο; Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐκεῖνον. Διὸ καὶ Ὁ σατανᾶς τότε εἰσῆλθεν εἰς αὐτὸν, γελάσας αὐτὸν τῆς ἀναισχυντίας. Ἕως γὰρ ἦν τοῦ χοροῦ, οὐκ ἐτόλμα ἐπιπηδῆσαι, ἀλλ' ἔξωθεν προσέβαλλεν: ἐπειδὴ δὲ δῆλον αὐτὸν ἐποίησε καὶ ἀφώρισεν, ἐπεπήδησε λοιπὸν μετὰ ἀδείας: οὐδὲ γὰρ ἔδει τοιοῦτον ὄντα καὶ ἀδιόρθωτον ἐπὶ πολὺ μένοντα κατέχειν ἔνδον. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἐξέβαλεν αὐτὸν λοιπὸν, καὶ ἀποτμηθέντα λαμβάνει τότε ἐκεῖνος, καὶ καταλιπὼν αὐτοὺς ἐξῆλθε νυκτός. Λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς: Ἑταῖρε, ὃ ποιεῖς, ποίησον τάχιον. Καὶ οὐδεὶς ἔγνω τῶν ἀνακειμένων. βʹ. Βαβαὶ, πόση ἡ ἀναισθησία! πῶς οὐκ ἐμαλάχθη, οὐδὲ ᾐσχύνθη, ἀλλὰ ἀναισχυντότερος γενόμενος ἐξῄει! Τὸ δὲ, Ποίησον τάχιον, οὐ προστάττοντός ἐστιν, οὐδὲ συμβουλεύοντος, ἀλλ' ὀνειδίζοντος καὶ δεικνύντος, ὅτι αὐτὸς μὲν ἐβούλετο διορθώσασθαι: ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἀδιορθώτως εἶχεν, ἀφίησιν αὐτόν. Καὶ τοῦτο οὐδεὶς, φησὶν, ἔγνω τῶν ἀνακειμένων. Πολλὴν ἄν τις ἐνταῦθα ἀπορίαν εὕροι, εἴ γε, ἐρωτησάντων τῶν μαθητῶν, τίς ἐστι, λέγει: Ὧ| βάψας τὸ ψωμίον ἐπιδώσω, καὶ οὐδὲ οὕτω συνῆκαν: πλὴν εἰ μὴ λάθρα εἴρηκεν, ὥστε μηδένα ἀκοῦσαι. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ Ἰωάννης διὰ τοῦτο παρὰ τὸ στῆθος ἀναπεσὼν, ἐρωτᾷ μονονουχὶ πρὸς τὸ οὖς, ὥστε μὴ γενέσθαι φανερὸν τὸν προδότην: καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς οὕτως ἀπεκρίνατο, καὶ οὐδὲ τότε αὐτὸν ἐποίησε φανερόν: καὶ ὁ μὲν καίπερ ἐμφαντικῶς εἰπὼν, Ἑταῖρε, ὃ ποιεῖς, ποίησον τάχιον: οἱ δὲ οὐδὲ οὕτω συνίεσαν. Τοῦτο δὲ ἔλεγε, δεικνὺς ὅτι ἀληθῆ τὰ πρὸς τοὺς Ἰουδαίους εἰρημένα ἦν αὐτῷ περὶ τοῦ θανάτου. Καὶ γὰρ πρὸς ἐκείνους εἴρηκε τὸ, Ἐξουσίαν ἔχω θεῖναι τὴν ψυχήν μου, καὶ ἐξουσίαν ἔχω πάλιν λαβεῖν αὐτήν: καὶ, Οὐδεὶς αἴρει αὐτὴν ἀπ' ἐμοῦ. Ἕως γοῦν κατεῖχεν, οὐδεὶς ἴσχυσεν: ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἀφῆκε λοιπὸν, εὔκολον τότε τὸ πρᾶγμα γίνεται. Ταῦτ' οὖν ἅπαντα αἰνιττόμενος εἶπεν, Ὃ ποιεῖς, ποίησον τάχιον: καὶ οὐδὲ τότε αὐτὸν δῆλον ἐποίησε. Τάχα γὰρ ἂν αὐτὸν καὶ διέσπασαν, τάχα ἂν ὁ Πέτρος καὶ ἀνεῖλεν αὐτόν. Διὰ τοῦτο Οὐδεὶς ἔγνω τῶν ἀνακειμένων. Ἆρα οὐδὲ ὁ Ἰωάννης; Οὐδὲ οὗτος: οὐ γὰρ ἂν προσεδόκησεν, ὅτι μαθητὴς ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον χωρήσει παρανομίας. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πόῤῥω τῆς τοιαύτης πονηρίας ἦσαν, οὐδὲ περὶ ἑτέρων τοιαῦτα ὑποπτεύειν εἶχον. Ὥσπερ οὖν ἔμπροσθεν αὐτοῖς εἶπεν, ὅτι Οὐ περὶ πάντων λέγω, καὶ οὐδαμοῦ ἐξεκάλυψεν: οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἐνόμισαν περὶ ἑτέρου λέγεσθαι. Ἦν δὲ νὺξ ὅτε ἐξῆλθε, φησί. Διατί μοι τὸν καιρὸν λέγεις; Ἵνα μάθῃς τὴν ἰταμότητα, ὅτι οὐδὲ ὁ καιρὸς αὐτὸν ἐπέσχε τῆς ὁρμῆς. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τοῦτο αὐτὸν κατάδηλον ἐποίησε. Ἐκεῖνοι γοῦν φόβῳ κατεχόμενοι καὶ ἀγωνίᾳ πολλῇ τότε τεθορύβηντο, καὶ τὴν μὲν ἀληθῆ τῶν εἰρημένων αἰτίαν οὐκ ᾔδεσαν: ὑπώπτευον δὲ, ὅτι Τοῖς πένησιν ἵνα τι δῷ, ταῦτα ἔλεγε. Πολλὴν γὰρ ἐποιεῖτο τῶν πτωχῶν τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν, διδάσκων καὶ ἡμᾶς πολλὴν ὑπὲρ τούτου ποιεῖσθαι σπουδήν. Ἐδόκουν δὲ οὐχ ἁπλῶς, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ τὸ γλωσσόκομον εἶχε: καίτοι γε οὐδεὶς φαίνεται προσενεγκὼν αὐτῷ χρήματα: ἀλλ' ὅτι μὲν ἔτρεφον αὐτὸν ἐκ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αἱ μαθήτριαι, εἶπε: τοῦτο δὲ οὐδαμοῦ ᾐνίξατο. Πῶς δὲ, μὴ πήραν, μὴ χαλκὸν, μὴ ῥάβδον κελεύων ἐπιφέρεσθαι, γλωσσόκομον ἐπεφέρετο πρὸς τὴν τῶν πενήτων διακονίαν; Ἵνα μάθῃς, ὅτι καὶ τὸν σφόδρα ἀκτήμονα καὶ ἐσταυρωμένον τούτου δεῖ τοῦ μέρους πολλὴν ποιεῖσθαι τὴν πρόνοιαν. Πολλὰ γὰρ πρὸς τὴν ἡμετέραν οἰκονομῶν διδασκαλίαν ἔπραττε. Τοῦτο οὖν καὶ λέγειν ἐνόμισαν οἱ μαθηταὶ, ἵνα τοῖς πένησί τι δῷ. Καὶ οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἐνέτρεψε, τὸ μέχρις ἐσχάτης ἡμέρας μὴ θελῆσαι αὐτὸν παραδειγματίσαι. Τοῦτο καὶ ἡμᾶς δεῖ ποιεῖν, καὶ μὴ ἐκπομπεύειν τὰ τῶν συνόντων ἁμαρτήματα, κἂν ἀνιάτως ἔχωσι. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ἐλθόντι προδοῦναι φίλημα ἔδωκε. καὶ κατεδέξατο πρᾶγμα τοσοῦτον, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ πολλῷ τολμηρότερον προῄει, τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτὸν, τὸν θάνατον τὸν ἐπονείδιστον: καὶ πάλιν ἐκεῖ τὴν αὐτοῦ φιλανθρωπίαν ἐπεδείκνυτο. Καὶ δόξαν ἐνταῦθα τὸ πρᾶγμα καλεῖ, διδάσκων ἡμᾶς ὅτι οὐδὲν οὕτως αἰσχρὸν καὶ ἐπονείδιστον, ὃ μὴ λαμπρότερον ποιεῖ τὸν μετιόντα, ὅταν κατὰ Θεὸν γίνηται. Μετὰ γοῦν τὸ ἐξελθεῖν τὸν Ἰούδαν ἐπὶ τὸ παραδοῦναι, λέγει: Νῦν ἐδοξάσθη ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου: ταύτῃ πεπτωκότας τοὺς λογισμοὺς τῶν μαθητῶν ἀνιστῶν, καὶ πείθων μὴ μόνον μὴ κατηφεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ χαίρειν. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ Πέτρῳ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐπετίμησε. Τὸ γὰρ ἐν θανάτῳ γενόμενον περιγενέσθαι θανάτου, δόξα μεγάλη. Καὶ τοῦτό ἐστιν ὃ περὶ ἑαυτοῦ ἔλεγεν: Ὅταν ὑψωθῶ, τότε γνώσεσθε ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι: καὶ πάλιν, Λύσατε τὸν ναὸν τοῦτον: καὶ πάλιν, Σημεῖον οὐ δοθήσεται ὑμῖν, εἰ μὴ τὸ σημεῖον Ἰωνᾶ. Πῶς γὰρ οὐ δόξα μεγάλη, τὸ καὶ μετὰ θάνατον ἰσχῦσαι τῶν πρὸ τοῦ θανάτου μείζονα. Ἵνα γὰρ πιστευθῇ ἡ ἀνάστασις, μείζονα εἰργάσαντο οἱ μαθηταί. Εἰ δὲ μὴ ἔζη, καὶ Θεὸς ἦν, πῶς ἐν ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ τοσαῦτα εἰργάσαντο οὗτοι; Καὶ ὁ Θεὸς δοξάσει αὐτόν. Τί ἐστι, Καὶ ὁ Θεὸς δοξάσει αὐτὸν ἐν ἑαυτῷ; Τουτέστι, δι' ἑαυτοῦ, οὐ δι' ἑτέρου. Καὶ εὐθέως δοξάσει αὐτόν: τουτέστιν, ἅμα τῷ σταυρῷ. Οὐδὲ γὰρ διὰ χρόνου πολλοῦ, φησὶν, οὐδὲ τὸν μακρὸν τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἀναμενεῖ καιρὸν, οὐδὲ τότε δείξει λαμπρὸν, ἀλλ' εὐθέως ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ σταυρῷ τὰ λαμπρὰ φανεῖται. Ὁ γοῦν ἥλιος ἐσκοτίσθη, αἱ πέτραι ἐῤῥάγησαν, τὸ καταπέτασμα ἐσχίσθη, πολλὰ σώματα τῶν κεκοιμημένων ἁγίων ἠγέρθη, ὁ τάφος σήμαντρα εἶχε, καὶ φύλακες παρεκαθέζοντο: καὶ ἐπικειμένου τῷ σώματι τοῦ λίθου, ἀνέστη τὸ σῶμα: τεσσαράκοντα ἡμέραι παρῆλθον, καὶ ἡ τοῦ Πνεύματος ἦλθε χορηγία, καὶ πάντες αὐτὸν εὐθέως ἀνεκήρυττον. Τοῦτό ἐστι, Δοξάσει αὐτὸν ἐν ἑαυτῷ, καὶ εὐθέως δοξάσει αὐτόν: οὐ δι' ἀγγέλων καὶ ἀρχαγγέλων, οὐδὲ δι' ἄλλης τινὸς δυνάμεως, ἀλλὰ δι' ἑαυτοῦ. γʹ. Πῶς δὲ καὶ ἐδόξατε δι' αὐτοῦ; Πάντα πράξας τὰ πρὸς δόξαν τοῦ Υἱοῦ: καίτοι πάντα ὁ Υἱὸς ἐποίησεν. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι τὰ ὑπ' αὐτοῦ γινόμενα τῷ Πατρὶ ἀνατίθησι: Τεκνία, ἔτι μικρὸν μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰμι. Ζητήσετέ με, καὶ καθὼς εἶπον τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις, ὅτι Ὅπου ὑπάγω ἐγὼ, ὑμεῖς οὐ δύνασθε ἐλθεῖν: καὶ ὑμῖν λέγω ἄρτι. Ἄρχεται λοιπὸν τῶν λυπηρῶν μετὰ τὸ δεῖπνον. Ὅτε γὰρ Ἰούδας ἐξῆλθεν, οὐκ ἔτι ἑσπέρα ἦν, ἀλλὰ νύξ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἔμελλον μικρὸν ὕστερον ἐπιστήσεσθαι, ἔδει πάντα παρακαταθέσθαι αὐτοῖς, ὥστε ἔχειν ἐν μνήμῃ: μᾶλλον δὲ τὸ Πνεῦμα πάντα αὐτοὺς ἀνέμνησε. Πολλὰ γὰρ εἰκὸς, ἅτε πρῶτον τότε ἀκούοντας, καὶ τοιούτους μέλλοντας πειρασμοὺς ὑπομένειν, ἀποβάλλειν αὐτούς. Οἱ γὰρ πρὸς ὕπνον καταφερόμενοι, καθὼς καὶ ἕτερός φησιν εὐαγγελιστὴς, καὶ ἀθυμίᾳ συνεχόμενοι, καθὼς καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Χριστὸς λέγει: Ἀλλ' ὅτι ταῦτα λελάληκα ὑμῖν, ἡ λύπη πεπλήρωκεν ὑμῶν τὴν καρδίαν: πῶς ἂν ταῦτα πάντα κατέσχον ἀκριβῶς; Τί δήποτε οὖν ἐλέγετο; Οὐ μικρὸν αὐτοῖς ἐγίνετο κέρδος εἰς τὴν Χριστοῦ δόξαν, τὸ σαφῶς εἰδέναι μετὰ ταῦτα ὑπομιμνησκομένους, ὅτι ταῦτα πάλαι ἀκηκοότες ἦσαν παρὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν προκαταβάλλει αὐτῶν τὴν ψυχὴν, λέγων, Ἔτι μικρὸν χρόνον μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰμι; Τοῖς μὲν γὰρ Ἰουδαίοις εἰκότως ἐλέγετο: ἡμᾶς δὲ τίνος ἕνεκεν ἐπίσης εἰς τὴν αὐτὴν τάξιν ἄγεις ἐκείνοις τοῖς ἀγνώμοσιν; Οὐδαμῶς. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν εἶπε, Καθὼς εἶπον τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις; Ἀνέμνησεν ὅτι οὐχὶ νῦν ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν δεινῶν παρουσίας ταῦτα προλέγει: ἀλλ' ἄνωθεν αὐτὰ προῄδει, καὶ μάρτυρες αὐτοὶ οἱ ἀκούσαντες, ὅτι καὶ πρὸς Ἰουδαίους ταῦτα ἔλεγε. Διὸ καὶ προσέθηκε τὸ, Τεκνία: ἵνα ἀκούσαντες, Καθὼς εἶπον τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις, μὴ καὶ πρὸς αὐτοὺς ὁμοίως εἰρῆσθαι τὸ εἰρημένον νομίσωσιν. Οὐ καταβάλλων τοίνυν αὐτοὺς, ἀλλὰ παραμυθούμενος ταῦτά φησιν, ἵνα μὴ ἀπροσδόκητα ἐπιστάντα αὐτοῖς τὰ δεινὰ ἐκταράξῃ, Ὅπου ἐγὼ ὑπάγω, ὑμεῖς οὐ δύνασθε ἐλθεῖν. Δείκνυσιν, ὅτι ὁ θάνατος αὐτοῦ μετάστασίς ἐστι καὶ μετάθεσις ἀμείνων, εἰς τόπον σώματα οὐ δεχόμενον φθαρτά. Ταῦτα δὲ λέγει, καὶ τὸν εἰς αὐτὸν διεγείρων πόθον καὶ θερμότερον ποιῶν. Ἴστε γὰρ ὅτι ἐπειδὰν ἴδωμεν τῶν φιλτάτων τινὰς ἀναχωροῦντας, μάλιστα διαθερμαινόμεθα, καὶ μᾶλλον ὅταν ἴδωμεν εἰς τόπον ἀπιόντας, εἰς ὃν οὐδὲ δυνατὸν ἡμῖν ἀπελθεῖν. Ἐκείνους μὲν οὖν φοβῶν, ταῦτα ἔλεγε, τούτοις δὲ τὸν πόθον ἐξάπτων. Τοιοῦτός ἐστιν ὁ τόπος, ὥστε μὴ μόνον ἐκείνους, ἀλλὰ μηδὲ ὑμᾶς τοὺς φιλτάτους δύνασθαι παραγενέσθαι ἐκεῖ. Ἐνταῦθα καὶ τὸ ἀξίωμα τὸ ἑαυτοῦ δείκνυσι. Καὶ ὑμῖν λέγω ἄρτι. Διὰ τί, Ἄρτι; Ἑτέρως ἐκείνοις, καὶ ἑτέρως ὑμῖν: τουτέστιν, οὐ μετ' ἐκείνων. Ποῦ δὲ αὐτὸν ἐζήτησαν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι; ποῦ δὲ οἱ μαθηταί; Οἱ μαθηταὶ μὲν, ὅτε ἔφυγον: οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι δὲ, ὅτε τὰ ἀνήκεστα ἔπασχον δεινὰ καὶ πάντα ὑπερβαίνοντα λόγον, τῆς πόλεως αὐτῆς ἁλούσης, καὶ τῆς θεηλάτου πάντοθεν κατ' αὐτῶν φερομένης ὀργῆς. Ἐκείνοις μὲν οὖν τότε ἔλεγε διὰ τὴν ἀπιστίαν, ὑμῖν δὲ νῦν, διὰ τὸ μὴ ἀπροσδόκητα ἐπελθεῖν τὰ δεινά. Ἐντολὴν καινὴν δίδωμι ὑμῖν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἰς θόρυβον αὐτοὺς ἐμπεσεῖν εἰκὸς ἦν ταῦτα ἀκούοντας, ὡς ἐρήμους μέλλοντας ἔσεσθαι, παραμυθεῖται αὐτοὺς, τὴν πάντων τῶν ἀγαθῶν ῥίζαν καὶ ἀσφάλειαν περιβάλλων αὐτοῖς, τὴν ἀγάπην: ὡσανεὶ ἔλεγεν: Ἀλγεῖτε ἀπιόντος ἐμοῦ; ἀλλ' ἐὰν ἀγαπᾶτε ἀλλήλους, ἔσεσθε ἰσχυρότεροι. Πῶς οὖν οὐ τοῦτο εἶπεν; Ὅτι ὃ τούτου μᾶλλον ὤνησεν αὐτοὺς εἶπεν: Ἐν τούτῳ γνώσονται πάντες ὅτι ἐμοὶ μαθηταί ἐστε. Διὰ γὰρ τούτου ἅμα ἐδήλωσεν, ὅτι οὐ σβεσθήσεται ὁ χορὸς, ὁπότε καὶ γνώρισμα αὐτοῖς ἔδωκε. Τοῦτο δὲ εἶπεν, ὅτε ὁ προδότης αὐτῶν ἀπεσχίσθη. Πῶς δὲ αὐτὴν ἐντολὴν λέγει καινὴν καὶ ἐν τῇ Παλαιᾷ κειμένην; Αὐτὸς αὐτὴν ἐποίησε καινὴν τῷ τρόπῳ: ἐπήγαγε γοῦν: Καθὼς ἠγάπησα ὑμᾶς. Οὐ γὰρ προϋπηργμένων ὑμῖν κατορθωμάτων ὄφλημα ὑμῖν ἀπέδωκα, ἀλλ' αὐτὸς κατῆρξα, φησίν. Οὕτω καὶ ὑμᾶς εὐεργετεῖν τοὺς φιλτάτους χρὴ, καὶ μὴ ὀφείλοντας αὐτοῖς. Καὶ ἀφεὶς εἰπεῖν τὰ θαύματα, ἃ ἔμελλον ποιεῖν, ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγάπης αὐτοὺς χαρακτηρίζει. Τί δήποτε; Ὅτι τοῦτο μάλιστά ἐστι τὸ δεικνύον ἀνθρώπους ἁγίους. Πάσης γάρ ἐστιν ἀρετῆς ὑπόθεσις. Διὰ τούτου μάλιστα καὶ σωζόμεθα πάντες. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν εἶναι, φησὶ, μαθητήν. Οὕτως ὑμᾶς ἅπαντες ἐπαινέσονται, ὅταν ἴδωσιν ὑμᾶς μιμουμένους τὴν ἐμὴν ἀγάπην. δʹ. Τί οὖν; οὐ πολλῷ μᾶλλον τὰ θαύματα δείκνυσι τοῦτο; Οὐδαμῶς. Πολλοὶ γὰρ ἐροῦσι: Κύριε, οὐκ ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σου δαιμόνια ἐξεβάλομεν; καὶ πάλιν χαιρόντων αὐτῶν ὅτι τὰ δαιμόνια αὐτοῖς ὑπακούει, φησί: Μὴ χαίρετε ὅτι τὰ δαιμόνια ὑμῖν ὑπακούει, ἀλλ' ὅτι τὰ ὀνόματα ὑμῶν γέγραπται ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς. Καὶ μὴν τοῦτο τὴν οἰκουμένην ἐπηγάγετο, ἐπειδὴ ἐκεῖνο προῆν: εἰ δὲ μὴ ἦν ἐκεῖνο, οὔτε τοῦτο παρέμενεν. Τοῦτο γοῦν εὐθέως αὐτοὺς ἐποίησε καλοὺς καὶ ἀγαθοὺς, καὶ τὸ τὴν καρδίαν πάντων καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν εἶναι μίαν. Εἰ δὲ διέστησαν ἀπ' ἀλλήλων, ἅπαντα ἂν ἀπολώλει. Οὐκ ἐκείνοις δὲ ταῦτα διελέγετο μόνοις, ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς μέλλουσι πιστεύειν εἰς αὐτόν: ἐπεὶ καὶ νῦν οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἐστὶν τὸ σκανδαλίζον Ἕλληνας, ἢ τὸ μὴ ἀγάπην εἶναι. Ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ σημεῖα μὴ γίνεσθαι ἐγκαλοῦσι, φησίν. Ἀλλ' οὐχ οὕτως. Ποῦ δὲ τὴν ἀγάπην ἐπεδείξαντο οἱ ἀπόστολοι; Ὁρᾷς Πέτρον καὶ Ἰωάννην ἀδιασπάστως ἔχοντας ἀλλήλων, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ ἱερὸν ἀναβαίνοντας; ὁρᾷς Παῦλον οὕτω πρὸς αὐτοὺς διακείμενον: καὶ ἀπορεῖς; Εἰ γὰρ τὰ ἄλλα ἐκέκτηντο, πολλῷ μᾶλλον εἶχον τὴν μητέρα τῶν ἀγαθῶν. Ἀπὸ γὰρ ψυχῆς ἐναρέτου τοῦτο τὸ πρᾶγμα βλαστάνει: ἔνθα δὲ πονηρία, τοῦτο ξηραίνεται τὸ φυτόν. Ὅταν γὰρ, φησὶ, πληθυνθῇ ἡ ἀνομία, ψυγήσεται ἡ ἀγάπη τῶν πολλῶν. Καὶ Ἕλληνας δὲ οὐχ οὕτως ἐπάγεται σημεῖα, ὡς βίος: βίον δὲ οὐδὲν οὕτως εἶναι ποιεῖ, ὡς ἀγάπη. Ἐκεῖνα μὲν γὰρ τοὺς ποιοῦντας πολλάκις καὶ πλάνους ἐκάλεσαν: βίου δὲ ἐπιλαβέσθαι οὐκ ἂν ἔχοιεν καθαροῦ. Ὅτε μὲν οὖν οὔπω τὸ κήρυγμα διαδοθὲν ἦν, εἰκότως τὰ σημεῖα ἐθαυμάζετο: νῦν δὲ ἀπὸ βίου χρὴ θαυμάζεσθαι. Οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτως ἐντρέπει Ἕλληνας, ὡς ἀρετή: οὐδὲν σκανδαλίζει, ὡς κακία: καὶ εἰκότως. Ὅταν γὰρ ἴδῃ πλεονεκτοῦντα, ἁρπάζοντα, τὰ ἐναντία κελεύοντα, καὶ τοῖς ὁμοφύλοις ὡς θηρίοις κεχρημένον τὸν κελευσθέντα καὶ ἐχθροὺς ἀγαπᾷν, λῆρον ἐρεῖ τὰ εἰρημένα. Ὅταν ἴδῃ τρέμοντα θάνατον, πῶς δέξεται τοὺς περὶ ἀθανασίας λόγους; Ὅταν ἴδῃ φιλαρχοῦντας καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις δουλεύοντας πάθεσιν, ἀκριβέστερον ἐν τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ μενεῖ δόγμασιν, οὐδὲν μέγα περὶ ἡμῶν φανταζόμενος. Ἡμεῖς γάρ ἐσμεν αἴτιοι, ἡμεῖς, τοῦ μένειν αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ τῆς πλάνης. Τῶν μὲν γὰρ δογμάτων τῶν παρ' ἑαυτοῖς πάλαι κατέγνωσαν, καὶ τὰ ἡμέτερα δὲ ὁμοίως θαυμάζουσιν: ἐκ τοῦ βίου δὲ ἡμῶν κωλύονται. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ διὰ λόγων φιλοσοφῆσαι, εὔκολον (πολλοὶ γὰρ καὶ παρ' αὐτῶν τοῦτο ἐποίησαν): ἐπιζητοῦσι δὲ τὴν διὰ τῶν ἔργων ἐπίδειξιν. Ἀλλὰ τοὺς παλαιοὺς παρ' ἡμῖν ἐννοείτωσαν. Ἀλλ' οὐδαμῶς πιστεύουσιν, ἀλλὰ τοὺς νῦν ζῶντας ἐπιζητοῦσιν. Δεῖξον γάρ μοι, φησὶ, τὴν πίστιν διὰ τῶν ἔργων σου. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστιν: ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον ὁρῶντες καὶ θηρίου σπαράττοντας ἡμᾶς τοὺς πλησίον, λύμην ἡμᾶς καλοῦσι τῆς οἰκουμένης. Ταῦτα Ἕλληνας κατέχει, καὶ οὐκ ἀφίησι πρὸς ἡμᾶς μεταστῆναι. Ὥστε ἡμεῖς καὶ τούτων δίκην δώσομεν, οὐχ ὑπὲρ ὧν κακῶς πράττομεν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὲρ ὧν βλασφημεῖται τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ. Μέχρι τίνος χρήμασι, καὶ τρυφῇ, καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐσμὲν προδεδομένοι πάθεσιν; Ἀποστῶμεν οὖν λοιπόν. Ἄκουσον τί φησιν ὁ προφήτης περί τινων ἀνοήτων: Φάγωμεν καὶ πίωμεν: αὔριον γὰρ ἀποθνήσκομεν. Ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν παρόντων οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἔστιν εἰπεῖν: οὕτω πολλοὶ τὰ τῶν ἁπάντων περιβάλλονται. Οὕτω καὶ αὐτοῖς ὀνειδίζων ἔλεγεν ὁ προφήτης: Μὴ οἰκήσετε μόνοι ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς; Διὸ καὶ δέδοικα μή τι γένηται χαλεπὸν, καὶ πολλὴν ἐπισπασώμεθα τὴν παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ τιμωρίαν. Ὅπερ ἵνα μὴ γένηται, τῆς ἀρετῆς ἐπιμελώμεθα πάσης, ἵνα καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ἐπιτύχωμεν ἀγαθῶν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, δι' οὗ καὶ μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἡ δόξα, ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.