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they proposed to take counsel from certain people, so that the assembly of the chief priests dissolved those agreements like a spider's web; for such a thing was not a most evil plot against the reigning emperor, but rather a cooperation of the empire and a preservation without a successor, at the right time assisting in the rule of the young one who was in need of help; and that the resulting agreements of the oaths should have so much force and be so indissoluble that the former ones were also included with them, so that Palaiologos would be bound by both, if he should plot against the young one. Not only that, but he also sought for the curse to be set and the oaths to be taken in the opposite way, if the young one should also plot and act against him, so that he would of necessity be bound by the same things. These things proceed, and the oaths are secured in writing; and the scribe appointed as *protasekretis* was Kakos.

3. How the Romans swore an oath of servitude to both and under what stipulations. And it was ordained that those anywhere in the Roman empire should swear an oath of servitude to both, according to custom. However, it was added to the agreements, for the greater security of both, that the subjects were indeed to be ready to rush with murderous hand against him who should plot against the other; for they swore to this along with the other things, out of fear, I think, or real need; but if so, 137 one could condemn nothing more in those doing these things than causing civil wars for the commonwealth, should this ever happen. Nevertheless, these things were decided, and the plans proceeded to action. Therefore they laid their hand, and upon the holy Gospels swore indeed both to serve them both and to carry these things out.

4. How Palaiologos swore an oath regarding the boy, and the magnates. Meanwhile the appointed day arrived, which was, as was said, the first of Hekatombaion. And first he himself, who was being advanced to the imperial office, swore the appropriate things on behalf of the boy and emperor, yet not as one who would serve, but as one who would counsel him and would not plot any irreparable harm through treachery. And the magnates also swore, both that they would serve both and that they would immediately defend the one plotted against, if anyone should plot. And when the oaths were thus completed, the one being prepared for the imperial office sat on the imperial shield, first having his two feet fitted with the imperial insignia; and being lifted by the hands of the chief priests on one side and the magnates on the other, he was magnified and acclaimed by all with imperial paeans and applause.

5. How Palaiologos, having been established in the imperial office, was most generous. Thenceforth, those of the senate were dignified with appropriate offices. And to some some things were given, while others were in promise; and his own brother John, while still *megas domestikos*, he deemed worthy to dignify with the rank of *sebastokrator* and he joined to him the daughter of Constantine Tornikios in the fellowship of marriage, even though the rank was delayed; and he still kept the other of his brothers, Constantine, among the private citizens, intending to honor him as Caesar at the right time, and he also joined him in marriage 139 to the child of Branas, who was of noble birth, doing something wise and winning over those in power through marriage ties. And so he magnificently courted those of the senate, increasing and adding to their provisions, and letting them all rejoice, some receiving good things, others hoping for them. And as for the military and the common people, some he benefited with daily liberalities and fulfilled what had been promised to them with golden bulls and made them more cheerful for the future, as they would have perpetual provisions for life and the given grain allowances for their children, others he courted by opening prisons and releasing from public debts those who owed, giving more abundant necessities of life to the needy and defending the wronged and being more lavishly generous, so that at the same time one could report on a matter and at the same time a royal letter would go forth

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βουλεύσασθαι παρά των προὐτείνοντο, ὡς ἱστὸν ἀράχνης ὁ τῶν ἀρχιερέων σύλλογος τὰς συνθήκας ἐκείνας διέλυον· μηδὲ γὰρ εἶναι τὸ τοιοῦτον κατὰ τοῦ βασιλεύοντος κάκιστον βούλευμα, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον συνεργίαν τῆς βασιλείας καὶ συντήρησιν ἀδιάδοχον, κατὰ καιρὸν συναιρομέ νου τῆς ἀρχῆς τῷ νέῳ βοηθείας χρῄζοντι· τὰς τοὐντεῦθεν δὲ τῶν ὅρκων συμβάσεις ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον τὸ ἰσχυρὸν ἔχειν καὶ ἀδιάλυτον ὥστε καὶ τὰς προτέρας συνεῖναι ταύταις, ὡς καὶ ἀμφοτέραις τὸν Παλαιολόγον ἐνέχεσθαι, εἴ ποι τῷ νέῳ ἐπιβουλεύοι. Οὐ μὴν δὲ ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀντιστρόφως ἐζήτει τὴν ἀρὰν τίθεσθαι καὶ τοὺς ὅρκους γίνεσθαι, εἴ που καὶ ὁ νέος κατ' αὐτοῦ μελετήσας διαπρά ξοιτο, ὡς ἐξ ἀνάγκης τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἐνέχεσθαι. Προβαίνει ταῦτα, καὶ γραφαῖς οἱ ὅρκοι κατασφαλίζονται· καὶ ὁ γράφων ὁ εἰς πρωτασηκρῆτις τεταγμένος Κακὸς ἦν.

γʹ. Ὅπως ὤμνυον καὶ ἐπ' ἀμφοτέροις δουλείας ὅρκον Ῥωμαῖοι καὶ ἐν ποίοις διορισμοῖς. Τάττεται δὲ καὶ τοὺς ὁπουδήποτε τῆς Ῥωμαΐδος ὀμνύειν ἐπ' ἀμφοτέροις ὅρκον δουλείας κατὰ τὸ σύνηθες. Πλὴν προσέκειντο τοῖς συντεθειμένοις, ἐπ' ἀσφαλείᾳ καὶ ἀμφοτέρων μείζονι, ἦ μὴν ἕτοιμον εἶναι τὸ ὑπήκοον ἐπ' ἐκεῖνον ὁρμᾶν φονώσῃ χειρὶ ὃς ἂν ἐπιβουλεύσοι θατέρῳ· ὡρκωμότουν γὰρ μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων καὶ τοῦτο, κατὰ φόβον, οἶμαι, ἢ χρείαν ἀληθινήν· εἰ δ' οὖν, 137 ἀλλ' οὐδὲν ἂν καταγνοίη τις μεῖζον τῶν ταῦτα πραττόντων ἢ τὸ ἐμφυλίους πολέμους τῷ κοινῷ προξενεῖν, εἴ ποτε τοῦτο συμβαίη. Ὅμως ἐδόκει ταῦτα, καὶ εἰς ἔργον τὰ βουλευόμενα προὔβαινον. Χεῖρα τοιγαροῦν ἐτίθουν, καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἁγίων εὐαγγελίων ὤμνυον ἦ μὴν καὶ ἀμφοτέροις δουλεύειν καὶ ταῦτ' ἐκτελεῖν.

δʹ. Ὅπως ὤμνυεν ὁ Παλαιολόγος ἐπὶ τῷ παιδὶ καὶ οἱ μεγιστᾶνες. Τέως δ' ἡ κυρία παρῆν, ἥτις ἦν, ὡς ἐρρέθη, ἑκατομβαιῶνος νουμηνία. Καὶ πρῶτος αὐτὸς ὁ εἰς βασιλείαν προβιβαζόμενος ὤμνυε τὰ εἰκότα ὑπὲρ τοῦ παιδός τε καὶ βασιλέως, πλὴν οὐχ ὡς δουλεύσων, ἀλλ' ὡς συμβουλεύσων ἐκείνῳ καὶ μηδὲν ἀνήκεστον μελετήσων κατ' ἐπιβουλήν. Ὤμνυον δὲ καὶ οἱ μεγιστᾶνες, καὶ ὡς δουλεύσοντες ἀμφοτέροις καὶ ὡς ἀμυνοῦντες αὐτίκα, ἤν πού τις ἐπιβουλεύοι, τῷ ἐπιβουλευθέντι. Καὶ οὕτως τελεσθέντων τῶν ὅρκων, ἀσπίδι βασιλικῇ ἐνιζάνει ὁ εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν ἑτοιμαζόμενος, πρῶτον τὼ πόδε τοῖς βασιλικοῖς συμβόλοις ἐναρμοσθείς· καὶ χερσὶν ἔνθεν μὲν ἀρχιερέων, ἔνθεν δὲ μεγιστάνων ἀρθείς, ἀνακτορικοῖς παιάνοις καὶ κρότοις παρὰ πάντων ἐμεγαλύνετό τε καὶ ἐφημίζετο.

εʹ. Ὅπως ὁ Παλαιολόγος καταστὰς εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν ἐφιλοτιμεῖτο τὰ μέγιστα. Τὸ δ' ἐντεῦθεν οἱ μὲν τῆς γερουσίας προσήκουσιν ὀφφικίοις ἐνεσεμνύνοντο. Καὶ ἄλλοις μὲν ἄλλα τὰ μὲν ἐδίδοντο, τὰ δ' ἐν ὑποσχέσεσιν ἦσαν· τὸν δ' αὐτάδελφον Ἰωάννην, μέγαν δομέστικον ἔτι ὄντα, τῷ τοῦ σεβαστοκράτορος σεμνύνειν ἀξιώματι ἐδικαίου καί οἱ τὴν τοῦ Τορνικίου Κωνσταντίνου θυγα τέρα πρὸς γάμου κοινωνίαν συνήρμοττε, κἂν ἐν ἀναβολαῖς ἦν τὸ ἀξίωμα· θάτερον δὲ τῶν ἀδελφῶν Κωνσταντῖνον ἔτι εἶχεν ἐν ἰδιώταις, κατὰ καιρὸν τιμᾶν αὐτὸν καίσαρα προθυμούμενος, συνήρμοττε δὲ καὶ αὐτῷ πρὸς γάμον 139 τὴν τοῦ Βρανᾶ παῖδα, εὐγενῆ γε οὖσαν, σοφόν τι ποιῶν καὶ τοὺς ἐν τέλει τοῖς κήδεσι προσποιούμενος. Καὶ τοὺς μὲν τῆς γερουσίας οὕτω μεγαλοπρεπῶς ἐθεράπευε, προνοίας τούτοις ἐπαύξων καὶ προστιθείς, καὶ χαίρειν ἐφιεὶς τοῖς πᾶσι, τῶν ἀγαθῶν τὰ μὲν λαμβάνουσι, τὰ δ' ἐλπίζουσι. Τὸ δὲ στρατιωτικόν τε καὶ τὴν πληθύν, τοὺς μὲν καθημεριναῖς φιλοτιμίαις ὤφελλε καὶ χρυσοβούλλοις τὰ ὑπεσχημένα τούτοις ἐπλήρου καὶ πρὸς τὸ μέλλον εὐθυμοτέρους καθίστα, ὡς ἀθανάτους τὰς τῆς ζωῆς προνοίας καὶ τὰ διδόμενα σιτηρέσια τοῖς παισὶν ἕξοντας, τοὺς δ' ἐθεράπευεν, ἀνοιγνὺς φυλακὰς καὶ χρεῶν δημοσίων ἀπολύων τοὺς ὠφληκότας, ἀπορουμένοις τε τὰ πρὸς ζωὴν διδοὺς ἀφθονώτερα καί γε τοῖς ἠδικημένοις ἀμύνων καὶ φιλοτιμούμενος δαψιλέστερον, ὥστ' εἶναι ἅμα μὲν ἀνενεγκεῖν περί τού τινα καὶ ἅμα προβαίνειν γράμμα βασιλικὸν