Chapter XXI.—Of Manetho’s Inaccuracy.

And Manetho, who among the Egyptians gave out a great deal of nonsense, and even impiously charged Moses and the Hebrews who accompanied him with being banished from Egypt on account of leprosy, could give no accurate chronological statement. For when he said they were shepherds, and enemies of the Egyptians, he uttered truth indeed, because he was forced to do so. For our forefathers who sojourned in Egypt were truly shepherds, but not lepers. For when they came into the land called Jerusalem, where also they afterwards abode, it is well known how their priests, in pursuance of the appointment of God, continued in the temple, and there healed every disease, so that they cured lepers and every unsoundness. The temple was built by Solomon the king of Judæa. And from Manetho’s own statement his chronological error is manifest. (As it is also in respect of the king who expelled them, Pharaoh by name. For he no longer ruled them. For having pursued the Hebrews, he and his army were engulphed in the Red Sea. And he is in error still further, in saying that the shepherds made war against the Egyptians.) For they went out of Egypt, and thenceforth dwelt in the country now called Judæa, 313155    The Benedictine editor shows that this should be 393 years. years before Danaus came to Argos. And that most people consider him older than any other of the Greeks is manifest. So that Manetho has unwillingly declared to us, by his own writings, two particulars of the truth: first, avowing that they were shepherds; secondly, saying that they went out of the land of Egypt. So that even from these writings Moses and his followers are proved to be 900 or even 1000 years prior to the Trojan war.156    The correct date would be about 400 years.

Μαναιθὼς δὲ ὁ κατ' Aἰγυπτίους πολλὰ φλυαρήσας, ἔτι μὴν καὶ βλάσφημα εἰπὼν εἴς τε Μωσέα καὶ τοὺς σὺν αὐτῷ Ἑβραίους, ὡς δῆθεν διὰ λέπραν ἐκβληθέντας ἐκ τῆς Aἰγύπτου, οὐχ εὗρεν τὸ ἀκριβὲς τῶν χρόνων εἰπεῖν. ποιμένας μὲν γὰρ αὐτοὺς εἰπὼν καὶ πολεμίους Aἰγυπτίων, τὸ μὲν ποιμένας ἄκων εἶπεν, ἐλεγχόμενος ὑπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας· ἦσαν γὰρ ὄντως ποιμένες οἱ προπάτορες ἡμῶν, οἱ παροικήσαντες ἐν Aἰγύπτῳ, ἀλλ' οὐ λεπροί. παραγενόμενοι γὰρ εἰς τὴν γῆν τὴν καλουμένην Ἰουδαίαν, ἔνθα καὶ μεταξὺ κατῴκησαν, δηλοῦται ᾧ τρόπῳ οἱ ἱερεῖς αὐτῶν διὰ προστάγματος θεοῦ προσκαρτεροῦντες τῷ ναῷ, τότε ἐθεράπευον πᾶσαν νόσον ὥστε καὶ λεπρῶντας καὶ πάντα μῶμον ἰῶντο. ναὸν ᾠκοδόμησεν Σολομὼν ὁ βασιλεὺς τῆς Ἰουδαίας. Περὶ δὲ τοῦ πεπλανῆσθαι τὸν Μαναιθὼ περὶ τῶν χρόνων ἐκ τῶν ὑπ' αὐτοῦ εἰρημένων δῆλόν ἐστιν· ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ τοῦ βασιλέως τοῦ ἐκβαλόντος αὐτούς, Φαραὼ τοὔνομα. οὐκέτι γὰρ αὐτῶν ἐβασίλευσεν· καταδιώξας γὰρ Ἑβραίους μετὰ τοῦ στρατεύματος κατεποντίσθη εἰς τὴν ἐρυθρὰν θάλασσαν. ἔτι μὴν καὶ οὓς ἔφη ποιμένας πεπολεμηκέναι τοὺς Aἰγυπτίους ψεύδεται· πρὸ ἐτῶν γὰρ λ%γ ἐξῆλθον ἐκ τῆς Aἰγύπτου καὶ ᾤκησαν ἔκτοτε τὴν χώραν, τὴν ἔτι καὶ νῦν καλουμένην Ἰουδαίαν, πρὸ τοῦ καὶ ∆αναὸν εἰς Ἄργος ἀφικέσθαι. ὅτι δὲ τοῦτον ἀρχαιότερον ἡγοῦνται τῶν λοιπῶν κατὰ Ἕλληνας οἱ πλείους, σαφές ἐστιν. Ὥστε ὁ Μαναιθὼς δύο τάξεις ἄκων τῆς ἀληθείας μεμήνυκεν ἡμῖν διὰ τῶν αὐτοῦ γραμμάτων, πρῶτον μὲν ποιμένας αὐτοὺς ὁμολογήσας, δεύτερον εἰπὼν καὶ τὸ ἐξεληλυθέναι αὐτοὺς ἐκ γῆς Aἰγύπτου· ὥστε καὶ ἐκ τούτων τῶν ἀναγραφῶν δείκνυσθαι προγενέστερον εἶναι τὸν Μωσῆν καὶ τοὺς σὺν αὐτῷ ἐνακοσίους ἢ καὶ χιλίους ἐνιαυτοὺς πρὸ τοῦ Ἰλιακοῦ πολέμου.