Homily LXXV.

John xiv. 15–17

“If ye love Me, keep My commandments. And I will pray the Father, and He shall give you another Comforter, that He may abide with you forever; even the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth Him not, neither knoweth Him.”2136   “But ye know Him, for He dwelleth with you, and shall be with you.” N.T.

[1.] We need everywhere works and actions, not a mere show of words. For to say and to promise is easy for any one, but to act is not equally easy. Why have I made these remarks? Because there are many at this time who say that they fear and love God, but in their works show the contrary; but God requireth that love which is shown by works. Wherefore He said to the disciples, “If ye love Me, keep My commandments.” For after He had told them, “Whatsoever ye shall ask,2137   “in My Name,” N.T. I will do it,” that they might not deem the mere “asking” to be availing, He added, “If ye love Me,” “then,” He saith, “I will do it.” And since it was likely that they would be troubled when they heard that, “I go2138   al. “depart.” to the Father,” He telleth them “to be troubled now is not to love, to love is to obey My words. I have given you a commandment that ye love one another, that ye do so to each other as I have done to you; this is love, to obey these My words, and to yield to Him who is the object of your love.”

“And I will ask the Father, and He shall give you another Comforter.” Again His speech is one of condescension. For since it was probable, that they not yet knowing Him would eagerly seek His society, His discourse, His presence in the flesh, and would admit of no consolation when He was absent, what saith He? “I will ask the Father, and He shall give you another Comforter,” that is, “Another like unto Me.” Let those be ashamed who have the disease of Sabellius,2139   Sabellius was a bishop in Upper Egypt in the third century. The heresy which bears his name denies the Personality of the Son and the Holy Spirit, and holds that they are manifestations or characters of the Godhead. who hold not the fitting opinion concerning the Spirit. For the marvel of this discourse is this, that it hath stricken down contradictory heresies with the same blow. For by saying “another,” He showeth the difference of Person, and by “Paraclete,” the connection of Substance. But why said He, “I will ask the Father”? Because had He said, “I will send Him,” they would not have so much believed and now the object is that He should be believed. For afterwards He declares that He Himself sendeth Him, saying, “Receive ye the Holy Ghost” ( c. xx. 22 ); but in this place He telleth them that He asketh the Father, so as to render His discourse credible to them. Since John saith of Him, “Of His fullness have all we received” ( c. i. 16 ); but what He had, how receiveth He from another? And again, “He shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost and with fire.” ( Luke iii. 16.) “But what had He more than the Apostles, if He was about to ask It of His Father in order to give It to others, when they often even without prayer appear to have done thus?” And how,2140   The objection is met by other questions. if It is sent according to request from the Father, doth It descend of Itself? And how is that which is everywhere present sent by Another, that which “divideth to every man severally as He will” ( 1 Cor. xii. 11 ), and which saith with authority, “Separate Me Paul and Barnabas”? ( Acts xiii. 2.) Those ministers were ministering unto God, yet still It called them authoritatively to Its own work; not that It called them to any different work, but in order to show Its power. “What then,” saith some one, “is, ‘I will ask the Father’?” (He saith it) to show the time of Its coming. For when He had cleansed them by the sacrifice,2141   i.e. of Himself. then the Holy Ghost lighted upon them. “And why, while He was with them, came it not?” Because the sacrifice was not yet offered. But when afterwards sin had been loosed, and they were being sent forth to dangers, and were stripping themselves for the contest, then need was that the Anointer2142   ἀ λείφοντα should come. “But why did not the Spirit come immediately after the Resurrection?” In order that being greatly desirous of It, they might receive It with great joy. For as long as Christ was with them, they were not in tribulation; but when He departed, being made defenseless and thrown into much fear, they would receive It with much readiness.

“He remaineth with you.” This showeth that even after death It departeth not. But lest when they heard of the “Paraclete,” they should imagine a second Incarnation, and expect to see It with their eyes, He setteth them right by saying, “Whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth Him not.” “He will not be with you as I have been, but will dwell in your very souls”; for this is the, “shall be in you.”2143   al. “remaineth in you.” He calleth it the “Spirit of truth”; thus explaining the types in the Old Testament. “That He may be2144   “may abide,” N.T. with you.” What is, “may be with you”? That which He saith Himself, that “I am with you.” ( Matt. xxviii. 20.) Besides, He also implieth something else, that “the case of the Spirit shall not be the same as Mine, He shall never leave you.” “Whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth Him not.” “Why, what is there belonging to the other Persons that is visible?” Nothing; but He speaketh here of knowledge; at least He addeth, “neither knoweth Him.” For He is wont, in the case of exact knowledge, to call it “sight”; because sight is clearer than the other senses, by this He always representeth exact knowledge. By “world,” He here speaketh of “the wicked,” thus too comforting the disciples by giving to them a special gift. See in how many particulars He raised His discourse concerning It. He said, “He is Another like unto Me”; He said, “He will not leave you”; He said, “Unto you alone He cometh, as also did I”; He said, that “He remaineth in you”; but not even so did He drive out their despondency. For they still sought Him and His society. To cure then this feeling, He saith,

Ver. 18. “I will not leave you orphans, I will come unto you.”

[2.] “Fear not,” He saith, “I said not that I would send you another Comforter, as though I were Myself withdrawing from you for ever; I said not that He remaineth with you, as though I should see you no more. For I also Myself will come to you, I will not leave you orphans.” Because when commencing He said, “Little children,” therefore He saith also here, “I will not leave you orphans.” At first then He told them, “Ye shall come whither I go”; and, “In My Father’s house there are many mansions”; but here, since that time was long, He giveth them the Spirit; and when, not knowing what it could be of which He spoke, they were not sufficiently comforted, “I will not leave you orphans,” He saith; for this they chiefly required. But since the, “I will come to you,” was the saying of one declaring a “presence,” observe how in order that they might not again seek for the same kind of presence as before, He did not clearly tell them this thing, but hinted at it; for having said,

Ver. 19. “Yet a little while, and the world seeth Me not”; He added, “but ye see Me.”

As though He had said, “I come indeed to you, but not in the same way as before, ever being with you day by day.” And lest they should say, “How then saidst Thou to the Jews, Henceforth ye shall not see Me?” He solveth the contradiction by saying, “to you alone”; for such also is the nature of the Spirit.

“Because I live, ye shall live also.”

For the Cross doth not finally separate us, but only hideth for a little moment; and by “life” He seemeth to me to mean not the present only, but the future also.

Ver. 20. “At that day ye shall know that am in the2145   “My,” N.T. Father, and you in Me, and I in you.”

With regard to the Father, these words refer to Essence; with regard to the disciples, to agreement of mind and help from God. “And how, tell me, is this reasonable?” saith some one. And how, pray, is the contrary reasonable? For great and altogether boundless is the interval between Christ and the disciples. And if the same words are employed, marvel not; for the Scripture is often wont to use in different senses the same words, when applied to God and to men. Thus we are called “gods,” and “sons of God,” yet the word hath not the same force when applied to us and to God. And the Son is called “Image,” and “Glory”; so are we, but great is the interval between us. Again, “Ye are Christ’s, and Christ is God’s” ( 1 Cor. iii. 23 ), but not in like manner as Christ is God’s are we Christ’s. But what is it that He saith? “When I am arisen,” He saith, “ye shall know that I am not separated from the Father, but have the same power with Him, and that I am with you continually, when facts proclaim the aid which cometh to you from Me, when your enemies are kept down, and you speak boldly, when dangers are removed from your path, when the preaching of the Gospel flourisheth day by day, when all yield and give ground to the word of true religion. “As the Father hath sent Me, so send I you.” ( c. xx. 21.) Seest thou that here also the word hath not the same force? for if we take it as though it had, the Apostles will differ in nothing from Christ. But why saith He, “Then ye shall know”? Because then they saw Him risen and conversing with them, then they learnt the exact faith; for great was the power of the Spirit, which taught them all things.

[3.] Ver. 21. “He that hath My commandments and keepeth them, he it is that loveth Me.”

It is not enough merely to have them, we need also an exact keeping of them. But why doth He frequently say the same thing to them? as, “If ye love Me, ye will keep2146   “If ye love Me, keep,” &c. My commandments” ( ver. 15 ); and, “He that hath My commandments and keepeth them”; and, “If any one heareth My word and keepeth it, he it is that loveth Me—he that heareth not My words, loveth Me not.” ( Ver. 24.) I think that He alluded to their despondency; for since He had uttered many wise sayings to them concerning death, saying, “He that hateth his life in this world shall save it unto life eternal” ( c. xii. 25 ); and, “Unless a man take2147   “He that taketh not,” &c. his cross and follow Me, he is not worthy of Me” ( Matt. x. 38 ); and is about to say other things besides, rebuking them, He saith, “Think ye that ye suffer sorrow from love? The not sorrowing would be a sign of love.” And because He wished all along to establish this, as He went on He summed up His discourse in this same point; “If ye loved Me,” He saith, “ye would have rejoiced, because—I go to My Father” ( ver. 28 ), but now ye are in this state through cowardice. To be thus disposed towards death is not for those who remember My commandments; for you ought to be crucified, if you truly loved Me, for My word exhorteth you not to be afraid of those that kill the body. Those that are such both the Father loveth and I. “And I will manifest Myself unto him.2148   “and he that loveth Me shall be loved of My Father, and I will love him, and will manifest,” &c. N.T. Then saith Judas,2149   “not Iscariot,” N.T.

Ver. 22. “How is it that Thou wilt manifest Thyself unto us?”2150   “and not unto the world,” N.T.

Seest thou that their soul was close pressed2151   πεπιλημένην, “crushed like felt.” with fear? For he was confounded and troubled, and thought that as we see dead men in a dream, so He also would be seen. In order therefore that they might not imagine this, hear what He saith.

Ver. 23. “I and the Father will come unto him, and make Our abode with him.”2152    Ver. 23. “Jesus answered and said unto him, If a man love Me, he will keep My words; and My Father will love him, and We will come,” &c.

All but saying, “As the Father revealeth Himself, so also do I.” And not in this way only He removed the suspicion, but also by saying, “We will make Our abode with him,” a thing which doth not belong to dreams. But observe, I pray you, the disciple confounded, and not daring to say plainly what he desired to say. For he said not, “Woe to us, that Thou diest, and will come to us as the dead come”; he spake not thus; but, “How is it that Thou wilt show Thyself to us, and not unto the world?” Jesus then saith, that “I accept you, because ye keep My commandments.” In order that they might not, when they should see Him afterwards,2153   i.e. after the Resurrection. deem Him to be an apparition, therefore He saith these things beforehand. And that they might not deem that He would appear to them so as I have said, He telleth them also the reason, “Because ye keep My commandments”; He saith that the Spirit also will appear in like manner. Now if after having companied with Him so long time, they cannot yet endure that Essence, or rather cannot even imagine It, what would have been their case had He appeared thus to them at the first? on this account also He ate with them, that the action might not seem to be an illusion. For if they thought this when they saw Him walking on the waters, although His wonted form was seen by them, and He was not far distant, what would they have imagined had they suddenly seen Him arisen whom they had seen taken2154   κατεχόμενου and swathed? Wherefore He continually telleth them that He will appear, and why He will appear, and how, that they may not suppose Him to be an apparition.

Ver. 24. “He that loveth Me not keepeth not My sayings; and the word which ye hear is not Mine, but the Father’s which sent Me.”

“So that he that heareth not these sayings not only doth not love Me, but neither doth he love the Father.” For if this is the sure proof of love, the hearing the commandments, and these are of the Father, he that heareth them loveth not the Son only, but the Father also. “And how is the word ‘thine’ and ‘not thine’?” This means, “I speak not without the Father, nor say anything of Myself contrary to what seemeth good to Him.”

Ver. 25. “These things have I spoken unto you, being yet present with you.”

Since these sayings were not clear, and since some they did not understand, and doubted about the greater number, in order that they might not be again confused, and say, “What commands?” He released them from all their perplexity, saying,

Ver. 26. “The Comforter, whom the Father shall send in My Name, He shall teach you.”2155    Ver. 26. “But the Comforter, the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in My Name, He shall teach you all things, and bring all things to your remembrance whatsoever I have said unto you.”

“Perhaps these things are not clear to you now, but ‘He’2156   ἐ κεῖνος is a clear teacher of them.” And the, “remaineth with you” ( ver. 17 ), is the expression of One implying that Himself will depart. Then that they may not be grieved, He saith, that as long as He should remain with them and the Spirit should not come, they would be unable to comprehend anything great or sublime. And this He said to prepare them to bear nobly His departure, as that which was to be the cause of great blessings to them. He continually calleth Him “Comforter,” because of the afflictions which then possessed them. And since even after hearing these things they were troubled, when they thought of the sorrows, the wars, His departure, see how He calmeth them again by saying,

Ver. 27. “Peace I leave to you.”2157    Ver. 27. “Peace I leave with you. My peace I give unto you; not as the world giveth give I unto you,” N.T.

All but saying, “What are ye harmed by the trouble of the world, provided ye be at peace with2158   πρὸς Me? For this peace is not of the same kind as that. The one is external, is often mischievous and unprofitable, and is no advantage to those who possess it; but I give you peace of such a kind that ye be at peace with one another, which thing rendereth you stronger.” And because He said again, “I leave,” which was the expression of One departing, and enough to confound them, therefore He again saith,

“Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid.”

Seest thou that they were affected partly by loving affection, partly by fear?

Ver. 28. “Ye have heard how I said unto you, I go away, and come again unto you. If ye loved Me, ye would rejoice because I said, I go unto the Father; for My Father is greater than I.”

[4.] And what joy would this bring to them? What consolation? What then mean the words? They did not yet know concerning the Resurrection, nor had they right opinion concerning Him; (for how could they, who did not even know that He would rise again?) but they thought that the Father was mighty. He saith then, that “If ye are fearful for Me, as not able to defend Myself, and if ye are not confident that I shall see you again after the Crucifixion, yet when ye heard that I go to the Father, ye ought then to have rejoiced because I go away to One that is greater, and able to undo all dangers.” “Ye have heard how I said unto you.” Why hath He put this? Because, He saith, “I am so firmly confident about the things which come to pass, that I even foretell them, so far am I from fearing.” This also is the meaning of what follows.

Ver. 29. “And now I have told you before it come to pass, that when it is come to pass, ye might believe that I Am.”2159   The words “that I Am” are not read here, but in c. xiii. 19. As though He had said, “Ye would not have known, had I not told you. And I should not have told you, had I not been confident.” Seest thou that the speech is one of condescension? for when He saith, “Think ye that I cannot pray to the Father, and He shall presently give Me more than twelve legions of Angels” ( Matt. xxvi. 53 ), He speaketh to the secret thoughts of the hearers; since no one, even in the height of madness, would say that He was not able to help Himself, but needed Angels; but because they thought of Him as a man, therefore He spoke of “twelve legions of Angels.” Yet in truth He did but ask those who came to take Him a question, and cast them backwards. ( c. xviii. 6.) (If any one say that the Father is greater, inasmuch as2160   καθ̓ ὃ He is the cause of the Son, we will not contradict this. But this doth not by any means make the Son to be of a different Essence.) But what He saith, is of this kind: “As long as I am here, it is natural that you should deem that I am2161   Gr. “we are.” in danger; but when I am gone ‘there,’2162   i.e. to the Father. be confident that I am in safety; for Him none will be able to overcome.” All these words were addressed to the weakness of the disciples, for, “I Myself am confident, and care not for death.” On this account, He said, “I have told you these things before they come to pass”; “but since,” He saith, “ye are not yet able to receive the saying concerning them, I bring you comfort even from the Father, whom ye entitle great.” Having thus consoled them, He again telleth them sorrowful things,

Ver. 30. “Hereafter I will not talk2163   “talk much,” N.T. with you.” Wherefore? “For the ruler of this world cometh, and hath nothing in Me.”

By “ruler of this world,” He meaneth the devil, calling wicked men also by the same name. For he ruleth not heaven and earth, since he would have been subverted, and cast down all things, but he ruleth over those who give themselves up to him. Wherefore He calleth him, “the ruler of the darkness of this world,” in this place again calling evil deeds, “darkness.” “What then, doth the devil slay Thee?” By no means; “he hath nothing in Me.” “How then do they kill Thee?” Because I will it, and,

Ver. 31. “‘That the world may know that I love the Father.’”2164   “And as the Father gave Me commandment, even so I do.” N.T.

“For being not subject,” He saith, “to death, nor a debtor to it, I endure it through My love to the Father.” This He saith, that He may again rouse their souls, and that they may learn that not unwillingly but willingly He goeth to this thing, and that He doth it despising the devil. It was not enough for Him to have said, “Yet a little while I am with you” ( c. vii. 33 ), but He continually handleth this painful subject, (with good reason,) until He should make it acceptable to them, by weaving along with it pleasant things. Wherefore at one time He saith, “I go, and I come again”; and, “That where I there ye may be also”; and, “Ye cannot follow Me now, but afterwards ye shall follow Me”; and, “I go to the Father”; and, “The Father is greater than I”; and, “Before it come to pass, I have told you”; and, “I do not suffer these things from constraint, but from love for the Father.” So that they might consider, that the action could not be destructive nor hurtful, if at least He who greatly loved Him, and was greatly loved by Him, so willed. On this account, while intermingling these pleasant words, He continually uttered the painful ones also, practicing their minds. For both the, “remaineth with you” ( c. xvi. 7 ), and, “My departure is expedient for you,” were expressions of One giving comfort. For this reason He spake by anticipation ten thousand sayings concerning the Spirit,2165   al. “concerning It.” the, “Is in you,” and, “The world cannot receive,” and, “He shall bring all things to your remembrance,” and, “Spirit of truth,” and, “Holy Spirit,” and, “Comforter,” and that “It is expedient for you,” in order that they might not despond, as though there would be none to stand before and help them. “It is expedient,” He saith, showing that It2166   i.e. the Holy Spirit. would make them spiritual.

[5.] This at least, we see, was what took place. For they who now trembled and feared, after they had received the Spirit sprang into the midst of dangers, and stripped themselves for the contest against steel, and fire, and wild beasts, and seas, and every kind of punishment; and they, the unlettered and ignorant, discoursed so boldly as to astonish their hearers. For the Spirit made them men of iron instead of men of clay, gave them wings, and allowed them to be cast down by nothing human. For such is that grace; if it find despondency, it disperses it; if evil desires, it consumes them; if cowardice, it casts it out, and doth not allow one who has partaken of it to be afterwards mere man, but as it were removing him to heaven itself, causes him to image to himself all that is there. ( Acts iv. 32, and ii. 46.) On this account no one said that any of the things that he possessed was his own, but they continued in prayer, in praise, and in singleness of heart. For this the Holy Spirit most requireth, for “the fruit of the Spirit is joy, peace—faith, meek ness.” ( Gal. v. 22, 23.) “And yet spiritual persons often grieve,” saith some one. But that sorrow is sweeter than joy. Cain was sorrowful, but with the sorrow of the world; Paul was sorrowful, but with godly sorrow. Everything that is spiritual brings the greatest gain, just as everything that is worldly the utmost loss. Let us then draw to us the invincible aid of the Spirit, by keeping the commandments, and then we shall be nothing inferior to the Angels. For neither are they therefore of this character,2167   i.e. keeping God’s commands. because they are incorporeal, for were this the case, no incorporeal being would have become wicked, but the will is in every case the cause of all. Wherefore among incorporeal beings some have been found worse than men or things irrational, and among those having bodies some better than the incorporeal. All just men, for instance, whatever were their righteous deeds, did them while dwelling on earth, and having bodies. For they dwelt on earth as those who were pilgrims and strangers; but in heaven, as citizens. Then say not thou either, “I am clothed with flesh, I cannot get the mastery, nor undertake the toils2168   al. “I cannot master the toils.” which are for the sake of virtue.” Do not accuse the Creator. For if the wearing the flesh make virtue impossible, then the fault is not ours. But that it does not make it impossible, the band of saints has shown. A nature of flesh did not prevent Paul from becoming what he was, nor Peter from receiving the keys of heaven; and Enoch also, having worn flesh, was translated, and not found. So also Elias was caught up with the flesh. Abraham also with Isaac and his grandson shone brightly, having the flesh; and Joseph in the flesh struggled against that abandoned woman. But why speak I of the flesh? For though thou place a chain upon the flesh, no harm is done. “Though I am bound,” saith Paul, yet “the word of God is not bound.” ( 2 Tim. ii. 9.) And why speak I of bonds and chains? Add to these the prison,2169   al. “prisons.” and bars, yet neither are these any hindrance to virtue; at least so Paul hath instructed us. For the bond of the soul is not iron but cowardice, and the desire of wealth, and the ten thousand passions. These bind us, though our body be free. “But,” saith some one, “these have their origin from the body.” An excuse this, and a false pretense. For had they been produced from the body, all would have undergone them. For as we cannot escape weariness, and sleep, and hunger, and thirst, since they belong to our nature; so too these, if they were of the same kind, would not allow any one to be exempt from their tyranny; but since many escape them, it is clear that such things are the faults of a careless soul. Let us then put a stop to this, and not accuse the body, but subdue it to the soul, that having it under command, we may enjoy the everlasting good things, through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΟΕʹ. Ἐὰν ἀγαπᾶτέ με, τὰς ἐντολὰς τὰς ἐμὰς τηρήσα τε: καὶ ἐγὼ ἐρωτήσω τὸν Πατέρα, καὶ ἄλλον Παράκλητον δώσει ὑμῖν, ἵνα μένῃ μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰς αἰῶνα, τὸ Πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας, ὃ ὁ κόσμος οὐ δύναται λαβεῖν, ὅτι οὐ θεωρεῖ αὐτὸ, οὐδὲ γινώσκει αὐτό. αʹ. Ἔργων ἡμῖν δεῖ καὶ πράξεων πανταχοῦ, οὐ τῆς διὰ ῥημάτων ἐπιδείξεως. Εἰπεῖν γὰρ καὶ ὑποσχέσθαι παντί που ῥᾴδιον, πρᾶξαι δὲ οὐκέτι ὁμοίως εὔκολον. Τί δήποτε δὲ ταῦτα εἶπον; Ὅτι πολλοὶ νῦν εἰσι λέγοντες φοβεῖσθαι τὸν Θεὸν καὶ ἀγαπᾷν, τοῖς δὲ ἔργοις τὰ ἐναντία ἐπιδείκνυνται: ὁ δὲ Θεὸς τὴν διὰ τῶν ἔργων ἀγάπην ἐπιζητεῖ. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ πρὸς τοὺς μαθητὰς ἔλεγεν: Ἐὰν ἀγαπᾶτέ με, τὰς ἐντολάς μου τηρήσετε. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἶπεν, ὅτι Ὃ ἐὰν αἰτήσητε, ἐγὼ ποιήσω, ἵνα μὴ νομίσωσιν ἁπλῶς τὴν αἴτησιν ἰσχύειν, ἐπήγαγεν: Ἐὰν ἀγαπᾶτέ με: τότε, φησὶ, ποιήσω. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ εἰκὸς ἦν αὐτοὺς καὶ ἀκούοντας, ὅτι Ἐγὼ πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα πορεύομαι, θορυβεῖσθαι, φησίν: Οὐ τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ ἀγαπᾷν τὸ θορυβεῖσθαι νῦν, ἀλλὰ τὸ πείθεσθαι τοῖς λεγομένοις. Ἔδωκα ὑμῖν ἐντολὴν, ἵνα ἀγαπᾶτε ἀλλήλους: ἵνα οὕτω ποιῆτε ἀλλήλοις, καθὼς καὶ ἐγὼ ὑμῖν ἐποίησα. Τοῦτό ἐστιν ἀγάπη, τὸ πείθεσθαι τούτοις, καὶ εἴκειν τῷ ποθουμένῳ. Καὶ ἐρωτήσω τὸν Πατέρα, καὶ ἄλλον Παράκλητον δώσει ὑμῖν. Συγκαταβάσεως πάλιν ὁ λόγος. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οὐδέπω αὐτὸν ἐγνωκότας εἰκὸς ἦν σφόδρα ἐπιζητεῖν τὴν συνουσίαν ἐκείνην, τὰ ῥήματα, τὴν κατὰ σάρκα αὐτοῦ παρουσίαν, καὶ μηδεμίαν δέχεσθαι παραμυθίαν ἀπόντος: τί φησιν; Ἐρωτήσω τὸν Πατέρα, καὶ ἄλλον Παράκλητον δώσει ὑμῖν: τουτέστιν, Ἄλλον ὡς ἐμέ. Αἰσχυνθήτωσαν καὶ οἱ τὰ Σαβελλίου νοσοῦντες, καὶ οἱ περὶ τοῦ Πνεύματος οὐ τὴν προσήκουσαν δόξαν ἔχοντες. Καὶ γὰρ τὸ θαῦμα τοῦ λόγου τοῦτό ἐστιν, ὅτι τὰς ἐκ διαμέτρου ἑστώσας αἱρέσεις μιᾶ πληγῇ κατήνεγκε. Τῷ μὲν γὰρ εἰπεῖν, Ἄλλον, δείκνυσιν αὐτοῦ τῆς ὑποστάσεως τὴν διαφοράν: τῷ δὲ εἰπεῖν, Παράκλητον, τῆς οὐσίας τὴν συγγένειαν. Διατί δέ φησιν, Ἐρωτήσω τὸν Πατέρα; Ὅτι εἰ εἶπεν, Ἐγὼ πέμψω, οὐκ ἂν ὁμοίως ἐπίστευσαν: νῦν δὲ τὸ σπουδαζόμενον τοῦτό ἐστιν, ὥστε πιστευθῆναι αὐτόν. Ὕστερον γὰρ αὐτός φησιν αὐτὸν πέμπειν, λέγων: Λάβετε Πνεῦμα ἅγιον: ἐνταῦθα δέ φησιν ἐρωτᾷν τὸν Πατέρα, ὥστε ἀξιόπιστον ποιῆσαι αὐτοῖς τὸν λόγον. Ἐπειδὴ ὁ Ἰωάννης φησὶ περὶ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι Ἐκ τοῦ πληρώματος αὐτοῦ ἡμεῖς πάντες ἐλάβομεν: ὃ δὲ εἶχε, πῶς παρ' ἑτέρου λαμβάνει; Καὶ πάλιν: Αὐτὸς ὑμᾶς βαπτίσει ἐν Πνεύματι ἁγίῳ καὶ πυρί. Τί δὲ τῶν ἀποστόλων πλεῖον εἶχεν, εἰ τὸν Πατέρα ἀξιοῦν ἔμελλεν ὥστε διδόναι ἑτέροις, ὁπότε ἐκεῖνοι πολλάκις καὶ χωρὶς εὐχῆς φαίνονται τοῦτο ποιοῦντες; πῶς δὲ, εἰ κατὰ ἀξίωσιν παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς πέμπεται, αὐτὸ ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ ἐφίπταται; πῶς δὲ παρ' ἑτέρου πέμπεται τὸ πανταχοῦ παρὸν, καὶ διαιροῦν ἰδίᾳ ἑκάστῳ καθὼς βούλεται, καὶ λέγον μετὰ αὐθεντίας: Ἀφορίσατε δή μοι τὸν Παῦλον καὶ τὸν Βαρνάβαν; Καίτοι τῷ Θεῷ ἐλειτούργουν οἱ λειτουργοῦντες, ἀλλ' ὅμως μετὰ αὐθεντίας εἰς τὸ ἴδιον ἔργον ἐκάλεσεν: οὐχ ὅτι ἐπ' ἄλλο ἔργον ἐκάλει, ἀλλ' ἵνα τὴν ἐξουσίαν δείξῃ. Τί οὖν, φησὶν, ἐστὶν, Ἐρωτήσω τὸν Πατέρα; Δεικνὺς τῆς παρουσίας τὸν καιρόν. Ὅτε γὰρ αὐτοὺς ἐκάθαρε διὰ τῆς θυσίας, τότε ἐπέπτη τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον. Καὶ τί δήποτε ὄντος μετ' αὐτῶν οὐκ ἐπήρχετο; Ὅτι οὐδέπω ἦν ἡ θυσία ἀνηνεγμένη. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ λοιπὸν καὶ ἡ ἁμαρτία ἐλύθη, καὶ αὐτοὶ πρὸς κινδύνους ἐπέμποντο, καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἀγῶνας ἀπεδύοντο, ἔδει τὸν ἀλείφοντα ἐλθεῖν. Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν οὐκ εὐθέως μετὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν τὸ Πνεῦμα ἔρχεται; Ἵνα ἐν πολλῇ αὐτοῦ καταστάντες ἐπιθυμίᾳ, μετὰ πολλῆς αὐτὸ δέξωνται χάριτος. Ἕως μὲν γὰρ ἦν μετ' αὐτῶν ὁ Χριστὸς, οὐκ ἦσαν ἐν θλίψει: ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἀπῆλθε, γυμνωθέντες καὶ ἐν φόβῳ πολλῷ καταστάντες, μετὰ πολλῆς ἔμελλον αὐτὸ τῆς προθυμίας δέχεσθαι. Μεθ' ὑμῶν μένει. Τοῦτο δηλοῖ, ὅτι οὐδὲ μετὰ τελευτὴν ἀφίσταται. Ἵνα δὲ μὴ Παράκλητον ἀκούσαντες, πάλιν ἐνσάρκωσιν ἑτέραν ὑποπτεύσωσι, καὶ ὀφθαλμοῖς προσδοκήσωσιν αὐτὸ θεωρεῖν, διορθούμενός φησιν: Ὃ ὁ κόσμος οὐ δύναται λαβεῖν, ὅτι οὐ θεωρεῖ αὐτό. Οὐ γὰρ οὕτως ὑμῖν συνέσται ὥσπερ ἐγώ: ἀλλ' ἐν αὐταῖς οἰκήσει ταῖς ὑμετέραις ψυχαῖς: τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ, Ἐν ὑμῖν ἔσται. Πνεῦμα δὲ ἀληθείας αὐτὸ καλεῖ, διὰ τούτου τοὺς τύπους τοὺς ἐν τῇ Παλαιᾷ δηλῶν. Ἵνα μεθ' ὑμῶν ᾖ. Τί ἐστι, Μεθ' ὑμῶν ᾖ; Ὅ φησιν αὐτὸς, ὅτι Ἐγὼ μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰμι. Ἄλλως δὲ, καὶ, ἕτερόν τι αἰνίττεται, ὅτι Οὐ πείσεται ταῦτα ἅπερ ἐγὼ, οὔτε ἀποφοιτήσει. Ὃ ὁ κόσμος οὐ δύναται λαβεῖν, ὅτι οὐ θεωρεῖ αὐτό. Τί γὰρ, εἰπέ μοι, τῶν ἄλλων θεωρητόν; Οὐδέν. Ἀλλ' ἐνταῦθα τὴν γνῶσίν φησιν. Ἐπήγαγε γοῦν: Οὐδὲ γινώσκει αὐτό: οἶδε γὰρ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀκριβοῦς γνώσεως θεωρίαν λέγειν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τῶν αἰσθήσεων τρανοτέρα ἐστὶν ἡ ὄψις, διὰ ταύτης ἀεὶ τὴν ἀκριβῆ παρίστησι γνῶσιν. Κόσμον δὲ ἐνταῦθα τοὺς πονηρούς φησι, καὶ ταύτῃ παραμυθούμενος αὐτοὺς τοῦ δοῦναι αὐτοῖς δῶρον ἐξαίρετον. Ὅρα πόσοις ἐπῆρε τὸν περὶ αὐτοῦ λόγον. Εἶπεν, ὅτι Ἄλλος ὡς ἐγώ ἐστιν: εἶπεν, ὅτι Οὐκ ἀφίησιν ὑμᾶς: εἶπεν, ὅτι Πρὸς ὑμᾶς μόνους ἔρχεται, ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ ἐγώ: εἶπεν, ὅτι Ἐν ὑμῖν μένει: ἀλλ' οὐδὲ οὕτω τὴν ἀθυμίαν αὐτῶν ἐξέβαλεν. Αὐτὸν γὰρ ἐζήτουν ἔτι, καὶ τὴν συνήθειαν τὴν αὐτοῦ, τοῦτο γοῦν θεραπεύων, φησίν: Οὐδὲ ἐγὼ ἀφήσω ὑμᾶς ὀρφανούς: ἔρχομαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς. Μὴ δείσητε, φησίν: οὐ διὰ τοῦτο εἶπον ἄλλον Παράκλητον πέμπειν, ὡς αὐτὸς ὑμῶν εἰς τέλος ἀπανιστάμενος: οὐ διὰ τοῦτο εἶπον, ὅτι Παρ' ὑμῖν μένει, ὡς οὐκέτι ὀψόμενος ὑμᾶς. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ αὐτὸς ἔρχομαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς. Οὐκ ἀφήσω ὑμᾶς ὀρφανούς. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἀρχόμενος ἔλεγε, Τεκνία, διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἐνταῦθά φησιν: Οὐκ ἀφήσω ὑμᾶς ὀρφανούς. βʹ. Παρὰ μὲν οὖν τὴν ἀρχὴν ἔλεγεν, ὅτι Ἥξετε ὅπου ἐγὼ ὑπάγω: καὶ, ὅτι Ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ τοῦ Πατρός μου μοναὶ πολλαί εἰσιν: ἐνταῦθα δὲ, ἐπειδὴ μακρὸς ὁ χρόνος ἐκεῖνος ἦν, δίδωσι τὸ Πνεῦμα. Ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ μὴ εἰδότες, ὅ τι ποτὲ ἦν τὸ λεγόμενον, οὐκ εἶχον ἱκανὴν παράκλησιν, Οὐκ ἀφήσω ὑμᾶς ὀρφανοὺς, λέγει. Τοῦτο γὰρ μάλιστα ἐζήτουν. Ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ τὸ, Ἔρχομαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς, δηλοῦντος ἦν παρουσίαν, ἵνα μὴ πάλιν τὴν αὐτὴν ἐπιζητῶσι παρουσίαν, οἵαν καὶ πρότερον, ὅρα πῶς αὐτὸ σαφῶς μὲν οὐκ εἶπεν, ᾐνίξατο δέ. Εἰπὼν γὰρ, Ἔτι μικρὸν, καὶ ὁ κόσμος οὐ θεωρεῖ με, ἐπήγαγεν, Ὑμεῖς δὲ θεωρεῖτέ με: ὡσανεὶ ἔλεγεν: Ἔρχομαι μὲν πρὸς ὑμᾶς, οὐ μὴν ὁμοίως ὡς πρότερον καθ' ἑκάστην ὑμῖν ἀεὶ συγγινόμενος τὴν ἡμέραν. Καὶ ἵνα μὴ λέγωσι, Πῶς οὖν Ἰουδαίοις εἶπας: Ἀπάρτι οὐκ ὄψεσθέ με; λύει τὴν ἀντίθεσιν εἰπὼν, Πρὸς ὑμᾶς μόνους: ἐπεὶ καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν. Ὅτι ἐγὼ ζῶ, καὶ ὑμεῖς ζήσεσθε. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ ὁ σταυρὸς διίστησιν ἡμᾶς εἰς τέλος, ἀλλ' ἢ ῥοπὴν μικρὰν ἀποκρύπτει μόνον. Ζωὴν δέ μοι δοκεῖ οὐχὶ τὴν παροῦσαν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν μέλλουσαν λέγειν. Ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ γνώσεσθε, ὅτι ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ Πατρὶ, καὶ ὑμεῖς ἐν ἐμοὶ, καὶ ἐγὼ ἐν ὑμῖν. Ἐπὶ μὲν οὖν τοῦ Πατρὸς, οὐσίας ἐστίν: ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτῶν, ὁμονοίας καὶ βοηθείας τῆς παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ τὸ εἰρημένον. Καὶ πῶς ἔχει λόγον, εἰπέ μοι, φησί; πῶς μὲν οὖν τὸ ἐναντίον ἔχει λόγον; πολὺ γὰρ τὸ μέσον καὶ σφόδρα ἄπειρον τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ τῶν μαθητῶν. Εἰ δὲ τὰ αὐτὰ κεῖται ῥήματα, μὴ θαυμάσῃς. Οἶδε γὰρ ἡ Γραφὴ πολλάκις τοῖς αὐτοῖς ῥήμασιν ἐπὶ Θεοῦ καὶ ἀνθρώπων κειμένοις οὐχ ὁμοίως κεχρῆσθαι: ἐπεὶ καὶ θεοὶ λεγόμεθα, καὶ υἱοὶ Θεοῦ, καὶ οὐ τὴν αὐτὴν ἰσχὺν ἔχει τὸ ῥῆμα ἐφ' ἡμῶν καὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ κείμενον. Καὶ εἰκὼν ὁ Υἱὸς λέγεται, καὶ δόξα: καὶ ἡμεῖς: ἀλλὰ πολὺ τὸ μέσον. Καὶ πάλιν, Ὑμεῖς δὲ Χριστοῦ, Χριστὸς δὲ Θεοῦ: οὐχ ὁμοίως δὲ Θεοῦ ὁ Χριστὸς, καὶ ἡμεῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Τί δέ ἐστιν ὃ λέγει; Ὅταν ἀναστῶ, φησὶν, εἴσεσθε ὅτι οὐκ ἀπέσχισμαι τοῦ Πατρὸς, ἀλλὰ τὴν αὐτὴν ἔχω δύναμιν, καὶ ὅτι μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰμι διηνεκῶς, τῶν πραγμάτων ἀνακηρυττόντων τὴν περὶ ὑμᾶς βοήθειαν παρ' ἐμοῦ γινομένην, τῶν ἐχθρῶν κατεσταλμένων, ὑμῶν παῤῥησιαζομένων, τῶν δεινῶν ἐκ μέσου γινομένων, τοῦ κηρύγματος καθ' ἑκάστην ἀνθοῦντος τὴν ἡμέραν, πάντων εἰκόντων καὶ παραχωρούντων τῷ λόγῳ τῆς εὐσεβείας. Καθὼς ἀπέστειλέ με, κἀγὼ ἀπέστειλα ὑμᾶς. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι οὐδὲ ἐνταῦθα τὴν αὐτὴν ἰσχὺν ἡ λέξις ἔχει; Εἰ γὰρ τοῦτο οὕτως ἐκδεξόμεθα, οὐδὲν ἔσονται διεστηκότες οἱ ἀπόστολοι τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Διατί δέ φησι, Τότε γνώσεσθε; Ὅτι τότε εἶδον αὐτὸν ἀναστάντα καὶ συνόντα αὐτοῖς: τότε τὴν ἀκριβῆ πίστιν ἔμαθον. Μεγάλη γὰρ ἡ τοῦ Πνεύματος δύναμις ἦν, ἡ πάντα αὐτοὺς παιδεύουσα. Ὁ ἔχων μου τὰς ἐντολὰς, καὶ τηρῶν αὐτὰς, ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν ὁ ἀγαπῶν με. Οὐ γὰρ ἀρκεῖ τὸ ἔχειν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ φυλακῆς ἡμῖν δεῖ ἀκριβοῦς. Διατί δὲ πολλάκις αὐτοῖς τὸ αὐτὸ λέγει; οἷον: Ἐὰν ἀγαπᾶτέ με, τὰς ἐντολάς μου τηρήσετε: καὶ, Ὁ ἔχων τὰς ἐντολάς μου, καὶ τηρῶν αὐτάς: καὶ, Ἐάν τίς μου ἀκούσῃ τὸν λόγον, καὶ τηρήσῃ αὐτὸν, ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν ὁ ἀγαπῶν με: ὁ μὴ ἀκούων μου τοὺς λόγους, οὐκ ἀγαπᾷ με. Οἶμαι αὐτὸν αἰνίττεσθαι τὴν ἀθυμίαν αὐτῶν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πολλὰ περὶ θανάτου αὐτοῖς ἐφιλοσόφησε, λέγων: Ὁ μισῶν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ τούτῳ, εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον φυλάξει αὐτήν: καὶ, Ἐὰν μή τις λάβῃ τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀκολουθήσῃ μοι, οὐκ ἔστι μου ἄξιος: μέλλει δὲ καὶ ἕτερα πλείονα λέγειν, ὀνειδίζων αὐτούς φησιν: Νομίζετε ὑμεῖς ἐξ ἀγάπης πάσχειν τὸ λυπεῖσθαι; Τὸ μὴ λυπεῖσθαι μὲν οὖν ἀγάπης ἦν. Ὅτι δὲ τοῦτο δι' ὅλου κατασκευάσαι βούλεται, εἰς αὐτὸ προϊὼν τὸν λόγον ἀνεκεφαλαίωσεν. Εἰ γὰρ ἠγαπᾶτέ με, φησὶν, ἐχάρητε ἂν, ὅτι πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα μου πορεύομαι. Νῦν γὰρ ὑπὸ δειλίας τοῦτο πάσχετε. Τὸ δὲ οὕτω διακεῖσθαι πρὸς θάνατον, οὐκ ἔστι τῶν ἐμῶν ἐντολῶν μεμνημένους ποιεῖν: ἐχρῆν γὰρ ὑμᾶς σταυροῦσθαι, εἴ γε ὄντως ἠγαπᾶτέ με. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ ἐμὸς λόγος παραινεῖ μὴ φοβεῖσθαι ἀπὸ τῶν ἀποκτεινόντων τὸ σῶμα. Τοὺς τοιούτους καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἀγαπᾷ, καὶ ἐγώ. Καὶ ἐμφανίσω αὐτοῖς ἐμαυτόν. Εἶτα ὁ Ἰούδας, Καὶ τί, φησὶν, ὅτι ἡμῖν μέλλεις ἐμφανίζειν σεαυτόν; γʹ. Ὁρᾷς ἀπὸ δειλίας πεπιλημένην αὐτῶν τὴν ψυχήν, Συνεχύθη γὰρ καὶ ἐταράχθη, καὶ ἐνόμισεν, ὥσπερ τοὺς νεκροὺς ὁρῶμεν ὄναρ, οὕτω καὶ αὐτὸν μέλλειν ὁρᾶσθαι. Ἵν' οὖν μὴ τοῦτο ὑποπτεύσωσιν, ἄκουσον τί φησιν: Ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐλευσόμεθα πρὸς αὐτὸν, καὶ μονὴν παρ' αὐτῷ ποιήσομεν: μονονουχὶ λέγων: Ὥσπερ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐμφανίζει ἑαυτὸν, οὕτω καὶ ἐγώ. Οὐ ταύτῃ δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ εἰπεῖν, ὅτι Μονὴν παρ' αὐτῷ ποιήσομεν, ἀνεῖλε τὴν ὑποψίαν: ὅπερ ὀνειράτων οὐκ ἔστι. Σὺ δέ μοι θέα τὸν μαθητὴν καὶ θορυβούμενον καὶ οὐ τολμῶντα σαφῶς εἰπεῖν, ὅπερ εἰπεῖν ἐπεθύμει. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν: Οὐαὶ ἡμῖν, ὅτι ἀποθνήσκεις, καὶ ὡς οἱ τετελευτηκότες μέλλεις ἡμῖν ἐφίστασθαι: ἀλλ' οὐκ εἶπεν οὕτως, ἀλλὰ, Τί ἔστιν ὅτι ἡμῖν μέλλεις ἐμφανίζειν σεαυτὸν, καὶ οὐχὶ τῷ κόσμῳ; Λέγει οὖν, ὅτι Ὑμᾶς ἀποδέχομαι, ὅτι ὑμεῖς τὴν ἐντολήν μου τηρεῖτε. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ μετὰ ταῦτα ὁρῶντες αὐτὸν φάντασμα νομίσωσι, διὰ τοῦτο ταῦτα προλέγει. Καὶ ἵνα μὴ οὕτως, ὡς εἶπον, νομίσωσιν αὐτοῖς φαίνεσθαι, λέγει καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν: διὰ τὸ τὰς ἐντολάς μου τηρεῖν, λέγει ὅτι καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα οὕτω μέλλει φαίνεσθαι. Εἰ δὲ τοσοῦτον αὐτῷ συγγενόμενοι χρόνον, οὔπω φέρουσιν ἐκείνην τὴν οὐσίαν, μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδὲ νοοῦσιν αὐτήν: τί ἂν ἔπαθον, εἰ παρὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν οὕτως αὐτοῖς ἐφάνη; Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ συνεσθίει, ἵνα μὴ φάντασμα τὸ πρᾶγμα νομισθῇ Εἰ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν ὑδάτων ἰδόντες τοῦτο ἐνόμισαν, καίτοι τῆς αὐτῆς ὄψεως φαινομένης, καὶ οὐ πρὸ πολλοῦ διαστάντος, τί ἂν ὑπώπτευσαν, εἴ γε εἶδον αὐτὸν εὐθέως ἀναστάντα, ὃν εἶδον κατεχόμενον καὶ ἐσπαργανωμένον; Διὰ τοῦτο συνεχῶς αὐτοῖς λέγει, ὅτι φανεῖται, καὶ διατί φανεῖται καὶ πῶς, ἵνα μὴ φάντασμα νομίσωσιν. Ὁ μὴ ἀγαπῶν με, τοὺς λόγους μου οὐ τηρεῖ. Καὶ ὁ λόγος, ὃν ἠκούσατε, οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὸς, ἀλλὰ τοῦ πέμψαντός με. Ὥστε οὐκ ἐμὲ μόνον, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τὸν Πατέρα ἀγαπᾷ ὁ μὴ τούτων ἀκούων τῶν λόγων. Εἰ γὰρ τοῦτο τεκμήριον ἀγάπης, τὸ ἀκούειν τῶν ἐντολῶν, αὗται δὲ τοῦ Πατρός εἰσιν, ὁ ἀκούων, οὐχὶ τὸν Υἱὸν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν Πατέρα ἠγάπησε. Πῶς δὲ σὸς, καὶ οὐ σός; Τουτέστιν, ὅτι Οὐδὲν ἔξω τοῦ Πατρὸς φθέγγομαι, οὐδὲ ἴδιόν τι ἄλλο παρὰ τὸ δοκοῦν αὐτῷ. Ταῦτα ἐλάλησα ὑμῖν, παρ' ὑμῖν μένων. Ἐπειδὴ ταῦτα ἀσαφῆ ἦν, καὶ τὰ μὲν οὐδὲ συνίεσαν, τὰ δὲ πλείονα καὶ ἀμφέβαλλον, ἵνα μὴ θορυβῶνται πάλιν, μηδὲ λέγωσι, Ποίας ἐντολάς; ἀπήλλαξεν αὐτοὺς τῆς ἀγωνίας ἁπάσης, εἰπών: Ὁ δὲ Παράκλητος, ὃν πέμψει ὁ Πατὴρ ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου, ἐκεῖνος ὑμᾶς διδάξει. Τάχα ἀσαφῆ τὰ εἰρημένα νῦν ὑμῖν: ἀλλ' ἐστὶ τούτων σαφὴς διδάσκαλος ἐκεῖνος. Τὸ δὲ, Παρ' ὑμῖν μένει, αἰνιττομένου ἐστὶν, ὅτι αὐτὸς ἄπεισιν. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ λυπῶνται, φησὶν, ὅτι ἕως ἂν παρ' αὐτοῖς μένῃ, καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα μὴ ἔρχηται, οὐδὲν μέγα οὐδὲ ὑψηλὸν δυνήσονται συνιδεῖν. Ταῦτα δὲ λέγει παρασκευάζων αὐτοὺς γενναίως ἐνεγκεῖν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἀναχώρησιν, ὡς μεγάλων αἰτίαν ἐσομένην αὐτοῖς ἀγαθῶν. Συνεχῶς δὲ Παράκλητον καλεῖ, διὰ τὰς συνεχούσας αὐτοὺς τότε θλίψεις. Ἐπεὶ οὖν καὶ ταῦτα ἀκούοντες ἐταράττοντο ἐννοοῦντες τὰς ἐπαχθείας, τοὺς πολέμους, τὴν ἀναχώρησιν τὴν αὐτοῦ, ὅρα πῶς αὐτοὺς καταστέλλει πάλιν λέγων: Εἰρήνην ἀφίημι ὑμῖν: μονονουχὶ λέγων, Τί βλάπτεσθε ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ κόσμου ταραχῆς, ἕως ἂν εἰρηνεύητε πρὸς μέ; Οὐ γὰρ τοιαύτη αὕτη ἡ εἰρήνη. Ἡ μὲν γὰρ ἔξωθεν, καὶ ἐπὶ κακῷ γίνεται πολλάκις καὶ ἀνόνητος, καὶ τοὺς ἔχοντας οὐδὲν ὠφέλησεν: ἐγὼ δὲ δίδωμι τοιαύτην, ὥστε μετ' ἀλλήλων εἰρηνεύειν, ὅπερ ὑμᾶς ἰσχυροτέρους ποιεῖ. Ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ πάλιν εἶπεν, Ἀφίημι, ὅπερ ἦν ἀναχωροῦντος, καὶ ἱκανὸν ἦν αὐτοὺς συγχεῖν, διὰ τοῦτο πάλιν φησί: Μὴ ταρασσέσθω ὑμῶν ἡ καρδία, μηδὲ δειλιάτω. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι τὰ μὲν ὑπὸ φιλοστοργίας, τὰ δὲ ὑπὸ δειλίας ἔπασχον; Ἠκούσατε ὅτι ἐγὼ εἶπον ὑμῖν, ὅτι Ὑπάγω πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα, καὶ ἔρχομαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς. Εἰ ἠγαπᾶτέ με, ἐχάρητε ἂν ὅτι πορεύομαι πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα, ὅτι ὁ Πατὴρ μείζων μού ἐστιν. Καὶ ποίαν τοῦτο αὐτοῖς χαρὰν φέρειν ἔμελλεν; ποίαν παραμυθίαν; δʹ. Τί οὖν ἐστι τὸ εἰρημένον; Οὐδέπω ᾔδεσαν περὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως, οὐδὲ οἵαν ἐχρῆν περὶ αὐτοῦ δόξαν εἶχον: (πῶς γὰρ, οἱ μηδὲ ὅτι ἀναστήσεται εἰδότες;) τὸν δὲ Πατέρα μέγαν εἶναι ἐνόμιζον. Λέγει οὖν, ὅτι Εἰ καὶ περὶ ἐμοῦ δεδοίκατε ὡς οὐκ ἀρκοῦντος ἐμαυτοῦ προστῆναι, οὐδὲ θαῤῥεῖτε ὅτι μετὰ τὸν σταυρὸν πάλιν ὑμᾶς ὄψομαι: ἀλλὰ ἀκούσαντες ὅτι πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα ἀπέρχομαι, ἔδει χαίρειν λοιπὸν, ὅτι πρὸς τὸν μείζονα ἄπειμι, καὶ δυνατὸν πάντα λῦσαι τὰ δεινά. Ὑμεῖς ἠκούσατε, ὅτι ἐγὼ εἶπον ὑμῖν. Διατί τοῦτο τέθεικεν; Ὅτι οὕτω σφόδρα θαῤῥῶ, φησὶ, τοῖς γινομένοις, ὡς καὶ προειπεῖν: οὕτως οὐ δέδοικα. Τοῦτο γοῦν καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα Εἶπον ὑμῖν πρὶν γενέσθαι, ἵν', ὅταν γένηται, πιστεύσητε ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι: ὡσανεὶ ἔλεγε, Μὴ ᾔδειτε, εἰ μὴ ἐγὼ εἶπον; οὐκ ἂν δὲ εἶπον, εἰ μὴ ἐθάῤῥουν. Εἶδες συγκαταβάσεως τὸν λόγον ὄντα; Καὶ γὰρ ὅταν λέγῃ, Δοκεῖτε ὅτι οὐ δύναμαι παρακαλέσαι τὸν Πατέρα, καὶ παραστήσει μοι δώδεκα λεγεῶνας ἀγγέλων; πρὸς τὴν ὑπόνοιαν τῶν ἀκουόντων φθέγγεται. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν ἐκεῖνο εἴποι τις ἂν, κἂν σφόδρα ᾖ μεμηνὼς ὅτι οὐκ ἐδύνατο ἑαυτῷ βοηθῆσαι, ἀλλ' ἀγγέλων ἐδεῖτο: ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ περὶ αὐτοῦ ὡς ἀνθρώπου δόξαν εἶχον, διὰ τοῦτό φησι, Δώδεκα λεγεῶνας ἀγγέλων. Καίτοι γε ἁπλῶς αὐτοὺς ἠρώτησε, καὶ ἔῤῥιψεν εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω. Εἰ δὲ λέγοι τις μείζονα εἶναι τὸν Πατέρα καθ' ὃ αἴτιος τοῦ Υἱοῦ, οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἀντεροῦμεν. Ἀλλ' οὐ μὴν τοῦτο ἑτέρας εἶναι τὸν Υἱὸν οὐσίας ποιεῖ. Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν: Ἕως μὲν ἂν ἐνταῦθα ὦ, εἰκὸς νομίζειν ὑμᾶς ὅτι κινδυνεύομεν: ἐὰν δὲ ἐκεῖ ἀπέλθω, θαῤῥεῖτε ὅτι ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ ἐσμέν: ἐκείνου γὰρ οὐδεὶς περιγενέσθαι δυνήσεται. Ταῦτα δὲ πάντα πρὸς τὴν ἀσθένειαν τῶν μαθητῶν ἐλέγετο. Καὶ αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ θαῤῥῶ, καὶ οὐ φροντίζω τοῦ θανάτου. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο εἶπε, Ταῦτα εἶπον ὑμῖν πρὶν γενέσθαι. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ, φησὶ, ὑμεῖς οὐδέπω δύνασθε τὸν περὶ τούτων δέξασθαι λόγον, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Πατρὸς, ὃν ὀνομάζετε μέγαν εἶναι, εἰσάγω τὴν παράκλησιν. Παραμυθησάμενος τοίνυν αὐτοὺς, πάλιν λέγει τὰ λυπηρά: Οὐκέτι λαλήσω μεθ' ὑμῶν. Διατί; Ἔρχεται γὰρ ὁ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου ἄρχων, καὶ ἐν ἐμοὶ ἔχει οὐδέν. Κόσμου δὲ ἄρχοντα τὸν διάβολόν φησι, καὶ τοὺς πονηροὺς ἀνθρώπους οὕτω καλῶν. Οὐ γὰρ οὐρανοῦ ἄρχει καὶ γῆς, ἐπεὶ ἂν ἐνέτρεψε πάντα καὶ κατέβαλε: ἄρχει δὲ τῶν ἑαυτοὺς παραδιδόντων αὐτῷ. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἄρχοντα τοῦ σκότους τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου καλεῖ, σκότος ἐνταῦθα πάλιν τὰς πονηρὰς πράξεις καλῶν. Τί οὖν; ὁ διάβολός σε ἀναιρεῖ; Οὐδαμῶς: οὐ γὰρ ἔχει ἐν ἐμοὶ οὐδέν. Πῶς οὖν σε ἀναιροῦσιν; Ἐπειδὴ βούλομαι, καὶ ἵνα γνῷ ὁ κόσμος, ὅτι ἀγαπῶ τὸν Πατέρα. Οὐ γὰρ ὑπεύθυνος ὢν θανάτῳ, φησὶν, οὐδὲ ὀφείλων αὐτῷ, διὰ δὲ τὴν ἀγάπην τὴν εἰς τὸν Πατέρα ὑπομένω. Τοῦτο δέ φησιν, ἵνα πάλιν αὐτῶν ἀναστήσῃ τὴν ψυχὴν, καὶ μάθωσιν ὅτι οὐκ ἄκων, ἀλλ' ἑκὼν ἐπὶ τοῦτο ἔρχεται, καὶ ὅτι καταφρονῶν τοῦ διαβόλου. Οὐ γὰρ ἤρκει τὸ εἰπεῖν, ὅτι Μικρὸν χρόνον μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰμι, ἀλλὰ συνεχῶς αὐτὸ στρέφει τοῦτο τὸ λυπηρὸν, εἰκότως, ἕως ἂν αὐτὸ παρ' αὐτοῖς εὐπαράδεκτον ποιήσῃ, παρυφαίνων αὐτῷ τὰ χρηστά. Διὰ τοῦτο ποτὲ μὲν λέγει, Ὑπάγω καὶ ἔρχομαι: καὶ, ὅτι Ὅπου εἰμὶ ἐγὼ, ἵνα καὶ ὑμεῖς ἦτε; καὶ, Οὐ δύνασθέ μοι νῦν ἀκολουθῆσαι, ἀκολουθήσετε δὲ ὕστερον: καὶ, Πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα πορεύομαι: καὶ, Ὁ Πατὴρ μείζων μού ἐστι: καὶ, Πρὶν γενέσθαι εἴρηκα ὑμῖν: καὶ, ὅτι Οὐκ ἀπὸ ἀνάγκης ταῦτα πάσχω, ἀλλὰ δι' ἀγάπην τοῦ Πατρός: ὥστε ἐννοῆσαι αὐτοὺς, ὅτι οὐκ ὀλέθριον τὸ πρᾶγμα οὐδὲ βλάβην ἔχον, εἴ γε ὥστε σφόδρα αὐτὸν ἀγαπῶν, καὶ ὁ ἀγαπώμενος παρ' αὐτοῦ οὕτω βούλεται. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο τὰ χρηστὰ ταῦτα ἀναμιγνὺς, συνεχῶς ἔλεγε καὶ τὰ λυπηρὰ, ἐγγυμνάζων αὐτῶν τὴν διάνοιαν. Καὶ γὰρ τὸ, Παρ' ὑμῖν μένει, καὶ, ὅτι Συμφέρει ὑμῖν ἡ ἀναχώρησις, παραμυθουμένου ἦν. Διὰ γάρ τοι τοῦτο προλαβὼν μυρία εἶπε περὶ τοῦ Πνεύματος, τὸ, Ἐν ὑμῖν ἐστι, καὶ, Ὁ κόσμος οὐ δύναται λαβεῖν, καὶ, Αὐτὸς ἀναμνήσει πάντα, καὶ, Πνεῦμα ἀληθείας, καὶ, Πνεῦμα ἅγιον, καὶ, Παράκλητον, καὶ, ὅτι Συμφέρει ὑμῖν: ἵνα μὴ ἀθυμῶσιν ὡς οὐδενὸς ὄντος τοῦ προστησομένου καὶ βοηθήσοντος. Συμφέρειν δὲ λέγει, δηλῶν ὅτι πνευματικοὺς αὐτοὺς ἐργάσεται. εʹ. Τοῦτο γοῦν καὶ ὁρῶμεν γεγενημένον. Οἱ γὰρ τρέμοντες καὶ δεδοικότες, μετὰ τὸ λαβεῖν τὸ Πνεῦμα, εἰς μέσους ἥλλοντο τοὺς κινδύνους, καὶ πρὸς σίδηρον, καὶ πῦρ, καὶ θηρία, καὶ πελάγη, καὶ πρὸς πᾶσαν ἀπεδύσαντο τιμωρίαν: καὶ οἱ ἀγράμματοι καὶ ἰδιῶται μετὰ τοσαύτης διελέγοντο παῤῥησίας, ὡς ἐκπλήττειν τοὺς ἀκροωμένους. Ἀπὸ γὰρ πηλίνων σιδηροῦς αὐτοὺς ἐποίησε τὸ Πνεῦμα, καὶ πτηνοὺς εἰργάσατο, καὶ πρὸς οὐδὲν τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων καταπεσεῖν ἀφῆκεν. Τοιαύτη γὰρ ἡ χάρις ἐκείνη: κἂν ἀθυμίαν εὕρῃ, διαλύει, κἂν ἐπιθυμίαν πονηρὰν, δαπανᾷ, κἂν δειλίαν, ἐκβάλλει, καὶ οὐκ ἀφίησι λοιπὸν ἄνθρωπον εἶναι τὸν μετασχόντα αὐτοῦ, ἀλλ' ὥσπερ εἰς αὐτὸν μεταστάντα τὸν οὐρανὸν, πάντα τὰ ἐκεῖ φαντάζεσθαι παρασκευάζει. Διὰ τοῦτο οὐδείς τι τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αὐτῷ ἔλεγεν ἴδιον εἶναι: ἀλλὰ προσεκαρτέρουν ταῖς εὐχαῖς ἐν ἀγαλλιάσει καὶ ἀφελότητι καρδίας. Τούτου γὰρ μάλιστα δεῖται τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον: Ὁ γὰρ καρπὸς τοῦ Πνεύματος χαρὰ, εἰρήνη, πίστις, πραότης. Καὶ μὴν καὶ ἀλγοῦσι πολλάκις οἱ πνευματικοὶ, φησίν: ἀλλ' ἡ λύπη χαρᾶς ἐστιν ἡδίων. Ἐπεὶ καὶ ὁ Κάϊν ἐλυπήθη, ἀλλὰ τὴν τοῦ κόσμου λύπην: καὶ ὁ Παῦλος ἐλυπήθη, ἀλλὰ τὴν κατὰ Θεόν. Πᾶν γὰρ ὅπερ ἂν ᾖ πνευματικὸν, κέρδος ἔχει μέγιστον: ὥσπερ καὶ τὸ κοσμικὸν ἅπαν ζημίαν ἐσχάτην. Ἐπισπασώμεθα τοίνυν τὴν ἄμαχον τοῦ Πνεύματος βοήθειαν τὰς ἐντολὰς τηροῦντες, καὶ οὐδὲν τῶν ἀγγέλων ἐσόμεθα ἐλάττους. Οὔτε γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι, ἐπειδὴ ἀσώματοί εἰσι, τοιοῦτοί εἰσιν (εἰ γὰρ τοῦτο ἦν, οὐδεὶς ἂν τῶν ἀσωμάτων ἐγένετο πονηρός): ἀλλ' ἡ προαίρεσις πανταχοῦ πάντων αἰτία. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἀσωμάτοις ἀνθρώπων χείρους καὶ ἀλόγων εὑρέθησαν, καὶ ἐν τοῖς σώματα ἔχουσιν, ἀσωμάτων κρείττους. Πάντες γοῦν οἱ δίκαιοι τὴν γῆν οἰκοῦντες, καὶ σώματα ἔχοντες, κατώρθωσαν ἅπερ κατώρθωσαν. Ὡς γὰρ παρεπίδημοι ὄντες καὶ ξένοι, τὴν γῆν ᾤκησαν: τὸν δὲ οὐρανὸν, ὡς πολῖται. Μὴ τοίνυν μηδὲ σὺ λέγε, Σάρκα περίκειμαι, οὐ δύναμαι περιγενέσθαι, οὐδὲ τῶν ὑπὲρ ἀρετῆς ἱδρώτων λαβέσθαι. Μὴ κατηγορήσῃς τοῦ Δημιουργοῦ. Εἰ γὰρ τὸ σάρκα φορεῖν ἀδύνατον ποιεῖ τὴν ἀρετὴν, οὐχ ἡμῶν τὸ ἔγκλημα: ὅτι δὲ οὐ ποιεῖ ἀδύνατον, ἔδειξεν ὁ τῶν ἁγίων χορός. Τὸν γοῦν Παῦλον οὐκ ἐκώλυσε τῆς σαρκὸς ἡ φύσις γενέσθαι τοιοῦτον, οἷος ἐγένετο: οὐδὲ Πέτρον λαβεῖν τὰς κλεῖς τῶν οὐρανῶν. Καὶ ὁ Ἐνὼχ δὲ σάρκα φορέσας, μετετέθη, καὶ οὐχ εὑρίσκετο. Οὕτω καὶ ὁ Ἠλίας ἡρπάγη μετὰ τῆς σαρκὸς, καὶ ὁ Ἀβραὰμ μετὰ τοῦ Ἰσαὰκ καὶ τοῦ ἐγγόνου σάρκα ἔχοντες ἔλαμψαν: καὶ ὁ Ἰωσὴφ μετὰ ταύτης ἐπάλαισε πρὸς τὸ ἀκόλαστον ἐκεῖνο γύναιον. Καὶ τί λέγω σάρκα; Κἂν γὰρ ἅλυσιν τῇ σαρκὶ περιθῇς, οὐδὲν ἐβλάβη. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ ἐγὼ δέδεμαι, φησὶν ὁ Παῦλος, Ἀλλ' ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται. Καὶ τί λέγω δεσμὰ καὶ ἅλυσιν; Πρόσθες καὶ δεσμωτήριον καὶ κλεῖθρα, καὶ οὐδὲ οὕτω κώλυμα γίνεται ταῦτα τῇ ἀρετῇ. Οὕτω γοῦν ἐμυσταγώγησεν ὁ Παῦλος. Δεσμὸς γὰρ ψυχῆς οὐ σίδηρος, ἀλλὰ δειλία καὶ χρημάτων ἐπιθυμία, καὶ τὰ μυρία πάθη. Ταῦτα δεσμεῖ, κἂν λελυμένον ᾖ, τὸ σῶμα. Ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τοῦ σώματος ταῦτα τίκτεται, φησί. Σκῆψις ταῦτα καὶ πρόφασις ψευδής. Εἰ γὰρ ἀπὸ τοῦ σώματος ἐτίκτετο, πάντες ἂν αὐτὰ ὑπέμενον. Ὥσπερ γὰρ κόπον καὶ ὕπνον καὶ τὸ πεινῇν καὶ διψῇν οὐκ ἔνι διαφυγεῖν, ἐπειδὴ φύσεώς ἐστιν: οὕτω καὶ ταῦτα, εἰ τοιαῦτα ἦν, οὐδένα ἂν ἀφῆκαν ἔξω τῆς αὐτῶν εἶναι τυραννίδος. Εἰ δὲ πολλοὶ διαφεύγουσιν, εὔδηλον ὅτι ῥᾳθυμούσης ἐστὶ ψυχῆς τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐλαττώματα. Ταύτην τοίνυν ἐγκόψωμεν, καὶ μὴ κατηγορῶμεν τοῦ σώματος, ἀλλ' ὑποτάξωμεν αὐτὸ τῇ ψυχῇ: ἵνα εὐήνιον ἔχοντες, τῶν αἰωνίων ἐπιτύχωμεν ἀγαθῶν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.