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χχῃι When the king heard these words, and saw the firmness and unyieldingness of the youth, yielding neither to flatteries nor to the persuasion of words, nor to threats of punishments, he marveled at the persuasiveness of his speech and his irrefutable answers, but was convicted by his conscience, which showed him that he spoke true and just things; but he was held back by evil habit and the passions that had become established in him by practice, by which he was held as by a muzzle and a bridle, not being permitted to look upon the light of truth. Therefore, moving every stone, as the saying goes, he held to his old purpose, wanting 386 to put into effect the pretext he had premeditated with Araches. And he says to the youth: "It was necessary, O child, for you simply to yield to my commands in all things; but since, being hard and disobedient, you have so strongly resisted me, insisting on making your own opinion more authoritative than all, come now, let us both bid farewell to this vain insistence, and conduct ourselves with persuasion. And since Barlaam, who deceived you, happens to be with me in iron bonds, having called a great assembly, and having summoned all our people and the Galileans to the same place, and having decreed for heralds to cry out explicitly that no Christian should be afraid, but that all should enter without fear, let us deliberate with a common mind. And either, by persuading, you with your Barlaam will obtain what you have sought; or, being persuaded, you might be eager to submit to my commands with a willing mind." But the truly prudent and sensible youth, having been taught beforehand of the king's wickedness through the vision that had appeared to him from God, said, "Let the will of the Lord be done, and let it be as you have commanded. For may the good God and Master Himself grant that we not stray from the straight path; for my soul has trusted in Him, and He Himself will have mercy on me." Then indeed the king commanded all to be gathered, both idolaters and Christians, with letters having been sent everywhere, and heralds crying out throughout all the towns that no Christian should be afraid of suffering anything unexpected, but that all should come together without fear by company and kinship to the same place for a truth-loving and unforced discussion, 388 which was to take place with their exarch and leader, Barlaam. Likewise he also summoned the priests and temple-keepers of the idols and the wise men of the Chaldeans and Indians, who were throughout his whole domain, and certain augurs and sorcerers and diviners, so that they might overcome the Christians. And indeed a great multitude of his abominable religion gathered before the king; but of the Christians, only one was found who had come to the aid of the supposed Barlaam, named Barachias. For some of the faithful had died, having been slaughtered by the madness of the rulers in the cities; others were hiding in mountains and caves for fear of the impending dangers. Still others feared the king's threat, and did not dare to bring themselves into the light; but were worshippers of God by night, serving Christ in secret and in no way speaking openly. But he alone, being noble in soul, came to contend for the truth. So the king, having taken his seat upon a high and lofty tribunal, commanded his son to sit with him. But he, not wishing to do this out of reverence and honor for his father, sat on the ground near him. Therefore, the experts of the wisdom made foolish by God were present, whose foolish heart was darkened, as the Apostle says: "For professing to be wise, they became fools, and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for an image in the likeness of mortal men and of four-footed animals and of creeping things." These came together to raise 390 an argument against the

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χχῃι Τούτων ἀκούσας ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν ῥημάτων, καὶ τὸ στερέμνιον καὶ ἀνένδοτον ἰδὼν τοῦ παιδὸς μήτε κολακείαις εἴκοντος μήτε λόγων πειθοῖ, μὴ τιμωριῶν ἀπειλαῖς, ἐθαύμαζε μὲν ἐπὶ τῇ πιθανότητι τοῦ λόγου καὶ ταῖς ἀναντιρρήτοις ἀποκρίσεσιν, ἠλέγχετο δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ συνειδότος, ἀληθῆ λέγειν αὐτὸν καὶ δίκαια ὑποδεικνύοντος· ἀλλ' ἀνθείλκετο ὑπὸ τῆς πονηρᾶς συνηθείας καὶ τῶν ἐν ἕξει βεβαιωθέντων ἐν αὐτῷ παθῶν, ὑφ' ὧν ὡς ἐν κημῷ κατείχετο καὶ χαλινῷ, τῷ φωτὶ μὴ συγχωρούμενος προσβλέψαι τῆς ἀληθείας. ὅθεν πάντα λίθον, τὸ τοῦ λόγου, κινῶν, εἴχετο τοῦ πάλαι σκοποῦ, τὴν προμελετηθεῖσαν αὐτῷ μετὰ τοῦ Ἀραχῆ σκῆψιν εἰς ἔργον ἀγαγεῖν 386 βουλόμενος. καί φησι τῷ παιδί; Ἔδει μέν σε, ὦ τέκνον, τοῖς ἐμοῖς ἁπλῶς εἴκειν ἐν πᾶσι προστάγμασιν· ἀλλ' ἐπεί, σκληρὸς ὢν καὶ ἀπειθής, ἰσχυρῶς οὕτως ἀντέστης μοι, τὴν ἰδίαν ἐνιστάμενος γνώμην κυριωτέραν πάντων ποιήσασθαι, δεῦρο δὴ τῇ ματαίᾳ ἐνστάσει χαίρειν ἄμφω εἰπόντες, πειθοῖ πολιτευσώμεθα. καὶ ἐπεὶ ὁ σὲ ἀπατήσας Βαρλαὰμ σιδηροδέσμιος παρ' ἐμοὶ τυγχάνει, ἐκκλησιάσας ἐκκλησίαν μεγάλην, καὶ πάντας ἡμετέρους τε καὶ Γαλιλαίους ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ συγκαλέσας, κήρυκάς τε διαρρήδην βοᾶν θεσπίσας τοῦ μηδένα τῶν Χριστιανῶν δεδοικέναι, ἀλλ' ἀφόβως πάντας συνεισελθεῖν, κοινῇ διασκεψώμεθα γνώμῃ. καὶ ἤ, πείσαντες, ὑμεῖς μετὰ τοῦ ὑμετέρου Βαρλαὰμ τεύξεσθε ὧν ἐσπουδάκατε· ἤ, πεισθέντες, σὺν ἑκουσίᾳ τῇ γνώμῃ τοῖς προστάγμασί μου ὑπείκειν προθυμηθείητε. Ὁ δὲ φρόνιμος τῷ ὄντι καὶ ἐχέφρων νεανίας, διὰ τοῦ θεόθεν αὐτῷ ἐμφανισθέντος ὁράματος τὴν τοῦ βασιλέως προδεδιδαγμένος σκαιωρίαν, ἔφη· Τὸ θέλημα τοῦ Κυρίου γενέσθω, καὶ ἔστω καθὼς ἐκέλευσας· αὐτὸς γὰρ ὁ ἀγαθὸς Θεὸς καὶ ∆εσπότης δῴη τῆς εὐθείας μὴ πλανηθῆναι ἡμᾶς· ἐπ' αὐτῷ γὰρ πέποιθεν ἡ ψυχή μου, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐλεήσει με. τότε δὴ τότε κελεύει ὁ βασιλεὺς πάντας ἀθροίζεσθαι εἰδωλολάτρας τε καὶ Χριστιανούς, γραμμάτων μὲν πανταχοῦ διαπεφοιτηκότων, κηρύκων τε ἀνὰ πάσας τὰς κωμοπόλεις βοώντων τοῦ μηδένα τῶν Χριστιανῶν δεδοικέναι ὥστε ἀδόκητόν τι ὑποστῆναι, ἀλλ' ἀδεῶς πάντας καθ' ἑταιρείαν καὶ συγγένειαν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ συνελθεῖν ἐπὶ φιλαλήθει καὶ οὐ βεβιασμένῃ συζητήσει, 388 μετὰ τοῦ ἐξάρχου καὶ καθηγεμόνος αὐτῶν μελλούσῃ γενέσθαι Βαρλαάμ. ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ τοὺς μύστας καὶ νεωκόρους τῶν εἰδώλων καὶ σοφοὺς τῶν Χαλδαίων καὶ Ἰνδῶν, τοὺς κατὰ πᾶσαν τὴν ὑπ' αὐτὸν ἀρχὴν ὄντας, συνεκαλέσατο, καί τινας οἰωνοσκόπους καὶ γόητας καὶ μάντεις, ὅπως ἂν Χριστιανῶν περιγένοιντο. Καὶ δὴ συνῆλθον πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα πλῆθος πολὺ τῆς μυσαρᾶς αὐτοῦ θρησκείας· Χριστιανῶν δὲ εἷς εὑρέθη μόνος εἰς βοήθειαν ἐλθὼν τοῦ νομιζομένου Βαρλαάμ, ὀνόματι Βαραχίας. οἱ μὲν γὰρ τῶν πιστῶν θανόντες ἦσαν ὑπὸ τῆς τῶν κατὰ πόλιν ἀρχόντων μανίας κατασφαγέντες· οἱ δὲ ἐν ὄρεσιν ἀπεκρύπτοντο καὶ σπηλαίοις τῷ φόβῳ τῶν ἐπικειμένων δεινῶν. ἄλλοι δὲ ἐδεδοίκεισαν τὴν ἀπειλὴν τοῦ βασιλέως, καὶ οὐκ ἐτόλμων ἑαυτοὺς εἰς φῶς ἀγαγεῖν· ἀλλὰ νυκτερινοὶ ἦσαν θεοσεβεῖς, ἐν τῷ λεληθότι τῷ Χριστῷ λατρεύοντες καὶ μηδαμῶς παρρησιαζόμενοι. ἐκεῖνος δὲ μόνος, γενναῖος ὢν τὴν ψυχήν, εἰς συναγωνισμὸν ἦλθε τῆς ἀληθείας. Προκαθίσας τοίνυν ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐπὶ βήματος ὑψηλοῦ τε καὶ μετεώρου, συνεδριάζειν αὐτῷ τὸν υἱὸν ἐκέλευσεν. ὁ δέ, τῇ πρὸς τὸν πατέρα εὐλαβείᾳ καὶ τιμῇ τοῦτο μὴ θελήσας ποιῆσαι, ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς πλησίον αὐτοῦ ἐκάθισε. παρέστησαν τοίνυν οἱ ἐπιστήμονες τῆς μωρανθείσης παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ σοφίας, ὧν ἐπλανήθη ἡ ἀσύνετος καρδία, καθώς φησιν ὁ Ἀπόστολος· ∆οκοῦντες γὰρ εἶναι σοφοὶ ἐμωράνθησαν, καὶ ἤλλαξαν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ ἀφθάρτου Θεοῦ ἐν ὁμοιώματι θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ τετραπόδων καὶ ἑρπετῶν. οὗτοι συνῆλθον συνᾶραι 390 λόγον πρὸς τὸν