Summa Theologiae

 TREATISE ON SACRED DOCTRINE

 Question 1. THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF SACRED DOCTRINE

 Article 1. Whether, besides philosophy, any further doctrine is required?

 Article 2. Whether sacred doctrine is a science?

 Article 3. Whether sacred doctrine is one science?

 Article 4. Whether sacred doctrine is a practical science?

 Article 5. Whether sacred doctrine is nobler than other sciences?

 Article 6. Whether this doctrine is the same as wisdom?

 Article 7. Whether God is the object of this science?

 Article 8. Whether sacred doctrine is a matter of argument?

 Article 9. Whether Holy Scripture should use metaphors?

 Article 10. Whether in Holy Scripture a word may have several senses?

 Question 2. THE EXISTENCE OF GOD

 Article 1. Whether the existence of God is self-evident?

 Article 2. Whether it can be demonstrated that God exists?

 Article 3. Whether God exists?

 Question 3. OF THE SIMPLICITY OF GOD

 Article 1. Whether God is a body?

 Article 2. Whether God is composed of matter and form?

 Article 3. Whether God is the same as His essence or nature?

 Article 4. Whether essence and existence are the same in God?

 Article 5. Whether God is contained in a genus?

 Article 6. Whether in God there are any accidents?

 Article 7. Whether God is altogether simple?

 Article 8. Whether God enters into the composition of other things?

 Question 4. THE PERFECTION OF GOD

 Article 1. Whether God is perfect?

 Article 2. Whether the perfections of all things are in God?

 Article 3. Whether any creature can be like God?

 Question 5. OF GOODNESS IN GENERAL

 Article 1. Whether goodness differs really from being?

 Article 2. Whether goodness is prior in idea to being?

 Article 3. Whether every being is good?

 Article 4. Whether goodness has the aspect of a final cause?

 Article 5. Whether the essence of goodness consists in mode, species and order?

 Article 6. Whether goodness is rightly divided into the virtuous*, the useful and the pleasant? [*Bonum honestum is the virtuous good considered as

 Question 6. THE GOODNESS OF GOD

 Article 1. Whether God is good?

 Article 2. Whether God is the supreme good?

 Article 3. Whether to be essentially good belongs to God alone?

 Article 4. Whether all things are good by the divine goodness?

 Question 7. THE INFINITY OF GOD

 Article 1. Whether God is infinite?

 Article 2. Whether anything but God can be essentially infinite?

 Article 3. Whether an actually infinite magnitude can exist?

 Article 4. Whether an infinite multitude can exist?

 Question 8. THE EXISTENCE OF GOD IN THINGS

 Article 1. Whether God is in all things?

 Article 2. Whether God is everywhere?

 Article 3. Whether God is everywhere by essence, presence and power?

 Article 4. Whether to be everywhere belongs to God alone?

 Question 9. THE IMMUTABILITY OF GOD

 Article 1. Whether God is altogether immutable?

 Article 2. Whether to be immutable belongs to God alone?

 Question 10. THE ETERNITY OF GOD

 Article 1. Whether this is a good definition of eternity, The simultaneously-whole and perfect possession of interminable life?

 Article 2. Whether God is eternal?

 Article 3. Whether to be eternal belongs to God alone?

 Article 4. Whether eternity differs from time?

 Article 5. The difference of aeviternity and time

 Article 6. Whether there is only one aeviternity?

 Question 11. THE UNITY OF GOD

 Article 1. Whether one adds anything to being?

 Article 2. Whether one and many are opposed to each other?

 Article 3. Whether God is one?

 Article 4. Whether God is supremely one?

 Question 12. HOW GOD IS KNOWN BY US

 Article 1. Whether any created intellect can see the essence of God?

 Article 2. Whether the essence of God is seen by the created intellect through an image?

 Article 3. Whether the essence of God can be seen with the bodily eye?

 Article 4. Whether any created intellect by its natural powers can see the Divine essence?

 Article 5. Whether the created intellect needs any created light in order to see the essence of God?

 Article 6. Whether of those who see the essence of God, one sees more perfectly than another?

 Article 7. Whether those who see the essence of God comprehend Him?

 Article 8. Whether those who see the essence of God see all in God?

 Article 9. Whether what is seen in God by those who see the Divine essence, is seen through any similitude?

 Article 10. Whether those who see the essence of God see all they see in it at the same time?

 Article 11. Whether anyone in this life can see the essence of God?

 Article 12. Whether God can be known in this life by natural reason?

 Article 13. Whether by grace a higher knowledge of God can be obtained than by natural reason?

 Question 13. THE NAMES OF GOD

 Article 1. Whether a name can be given to God?

 Article 2. Whether any name can be applied to God substantially?

 Article 3. Whether any name can be applied to God in its literal sense?

 Article 4. Whether names applied to God are synonymous?

 Article 5. Whether what is said of God and of creatures is univocally predicated of them?

 Article 6. Whether names predicated of God are predicated primarily of creatures?

 Article 7. Whether names which imply relation to creatures are predicated of God temporally?

 Article 8. Whether this name God is a name of the nature?

 Article 9. Whether this name God is communicable?

 Article 10. Whether this name God is applied to God univocally by nature, by participation, and according to opinion?

 Article 11. Whether this name, HE WHO IS, is the most proper name of God?

 Article 12. Whether affirmative propositions can be formed about God?

 Question 14. OF GOD'S KNOWLEDGE

 Article 1. Whether there is knowledge?

 Article 2. Whether God understands Himself?

 Article 3. Whether God comprehends Himself?

 Article 4. Whether the act of God's intellect is His substance?

 Article 5. Whether God knows things other than Himself?

 Article 6. Whether God knows things other than Himself by proper knowledge?

 Article 7. Whether the knowledge of God is discursive?

 Article 8. Whether the knowledge of God is the cause of things?

 Article 9. Whether God has knowledge of things that are not?

 Article 10. Whether God knows evil things?

 Article 11. Whether God knows singular things?

 Article 12. Whether God can know infinite things?

 Article 13. Whether the knowledge of God is of future contingent things?

 Article 14. Whether God knows enunciable things?

 Article 15. Whether the knowledge of God is variable?

 Article 16. Whether God has a speculative knowledge of things?

 Question 15. OF IDEAS

 Article 1. Whether there are ideas?

 Article 2. Whether ideas are many?

 Article 3. Whether there are ideas of all things that God knows?

 Question 16. OF TRUTH

 Article 1. Whether truth resides only in the intellect?

 Article 2. Whether truth resides only in the intellect composing and dividing?

 Article 3. Whether the true and being are convertible terms?

 Article 4. Whether good is logically prior to the true?

 Article 5. Whether God is truth?

 Article 6. Whether there is only one truth, according to which all things are true?

 Article 7. Whether created truth is eternal?

 Article 8. Whether truth is immutable?

 Question 17. CONCERNING FALSITY

 Article 1. Whether falsity exists in things?

 Article 2. Whether there is falsity in the senses?

 Article 3. Whether falsity is in the intellect?

 Article 4. Whether true and false are contraries?

 Question 18. THE LIFE OF GOD

 Article 1. Whether to live belongs to all natural things?

 Article 2. Whether life is an operation?

 Article 3. Whether life is properly attributed to God?

 Article 4. Whether all things are life in God?

 Question 19. THE WILL OF GOD

 Article 1. Whether there is will in God?

 Article 2. Whether God wills things apart from Himself?

 Article 3. Whether whatever God wills He wills necessarily?

 Article 4. Whether the will of God is the cause of things?

 Article 5. Whether any cause can be assigned to the divine will?

 Article 6. Whether the will of God is always fulfilled?

 Article 7. Whether the will of God is changeable?

 Article 8. Whether the will of God imposes necessity on the things willed?

 Article 9. Whether God wills evils?

 Article 10. Whether God has free-will?

 Article 11. Whether the will of expression is to be distinguished in God?

 Article 12. Whether five expressions of will are rightly assigned to the divine will?

 Question 20. GOD'S LOVE

 Article 1. Whether love exists in God?

 Article 2. Whether God loves all things?

 Article 3. Whether God loves all things equally?

 Article 4. Whether God always loves more the better things?

 Question 21. THE JUSTICE AND MERCY OF GOD

 Article 1. Whether there is justice in God?

 Article 2. Whether the justice of God is truth?

 Article 3. Whether mercy can be attributed to God?

 Article 4. Whether in every work of God there are mercy and justice?

 Question 22. THE PROVIDENCE OF GOD

 Article 1. Whether providence can suitably be attributed to God?

 Article 2. Whether everything is subject to the providence of God?

 Article 3. Whether God has immediate providence over everything?

 Article 4. Whether providence imposes any necessity on things foreseen?

 Question 23. OF PREDESTINATION

 Article 1. Whether men are predestined by God?

 Article 2. Whether predestination places anything in the predestined?

 Article 3. Whether God reprobates any man?

 Article 4. Whether the predestined are chosen by God?

 Article 5. Whether the foreknowledge of merits is the cause of predestination?

 Article 6. Whether predestination is certain?

 Article 7. Whether the number of the predestined is certain?

 Article 8. Whether predestination can be furthered by the prayers of the saints?

 Question 24. THE BOOK OF LIFE

 Article 1. Whether the book of life is the same as predestination?

 Article 2. Whether the book of life regards only the life of glory of the predestined?

 Article 3. Whether anyone may be blotted out of the book of life?

 Question 25. THE POWER OF GOD

 Article 1. Whether there is power in God?

 Article 2. Whether the power of God is infinite?

 Article 3. Whether God is omnipotent?

 Article 4. Whether God can make the past not to have been?

 Article 5. Whether God can do what He does not?

 Article 6. Whether God can do better than what He does?

 Question 26. OF THE DIVINE BEATITUDE

 Article 1. Whether beatitude belongs to God?

 Article 2. Whether God is called blessed in respect of His intellect?

 Article 3. Whether God is the beatitude of each of the blessed?

 Article 4. Whether all other beatitude is included in the beatitude of God?

 Question 27. TREATISE ON THE MOST HOLY TRINITY (Questions 27-43) THE PROCESSION OF THE DIVINE PERSONS

 Article 1. Whether there is procession in God?

 Article 2. Whether any procession in God can be called generation?

 Article 3. Whether any other procession exists in God besides that of the Word?

 Article 4. Whether the procession of love in God is generation?

 Article 5. Whether there are more than two processions in God?

 Question 28. THE DIVINE RELATIONS

 Article 1. Whether there are real relations in God?

 Article 2. Whether relation in God is the same as His essence?

 Article 3. Whether the relations in God are really distinguished from each other?

 Article 4. Whether in God there are only four real relations---paternity, filiation, spiration, and procession?

 Question 29. THE DIVINE PERSONS

 Article 1. The definition of person

 Article 2. Whether person is the same as hypostasis, subsistence, and essence?

 Article 3. Whether the word person should be said of God?

 Article 4. Whether this word person signifies relation?

 Question 30. THE PLURALITY OF PERSONS IN GOD

 Article 1. Whether there are several persons in God?

 Article 2. Whether there are more than three persons in God?

 Article 3. Whether the numeral terms denote anything real in God?

 Article 4. Whether this term person can be common to the three persons?

 Question 31. OF WHAT BELONGS TO THE UNITY OR PLURALITY IN GOD

 Article 1. Whether there is trinity in God?

 Article 2. Whether the Son is other than the Father?

 Article 3. Whether the exclusive word alone should be added to the essential term in God?

 Article 4. Whether an exclusive diction can be joined to the personal term?

 Question 32. THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE DIVINE PERSONS

 Article 1. Whether the trinity of the divine persons can be known by natural reason?

 Article 2. Whether there are notions in God?

 Article 3. Whether there are five notions?

 Article 4. Whether it is lawful to have various contrary opinions of notions?

 Question 33. OF THE PERSON OF THE FATHER

 Article 1. Whether it belongs to the Father to be the principle?

 Article 2. Whether this name Father is properly the name of a divine person?

 Article 3. Whether this name Father is applied to God, firstly as a personal name?

 Article 4. Whether it is proper to the Father to be unbegotten?

 Question 34. OF THE PERSON OF THE SON

 Article 1. Whether Word in God is a personal name?

 Article 2. Whether Word is the Son's proper name?

 Article 3. Whether the name Word imports relation to creatures?

 Question 35. OF THE IMAGE

 Article 1. Whether image in God is said personally?

 Article 2. Whether the name of Image is proper to the Son?

 Question 36. OF THE PERSON OF THE HOLY GHOST

 Article 1. Whether this name Holy Ghost is the proper name of one divine person?

 Article 2. Whether the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Son?

 Article 3. Whether the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Father through the Son?

 Article 4. Whether the Father and the Son are one principle of the Holy Ghost?

 Question 37. OF THE NAME OF THE HOLY GHOST---LOVE

 Article 1. Whether Love is the proper name of the Holy Ghost?

 Article 2. Whether the Father and the Son love each other by the Holy Ghost?

 Question 38. OF THE NAME OF THE HOLY GHOST, AS GIFT

 Article 1. Whether Gift is a personal name?

 Article 2. Whether Gift is the proper name of the Holy Ghost?

 Question 39. OF THE PERSONS IN RELATION TO THE ESSENCE

 Article 1. Whether in God the essence is the same as the person?

 Article 2. Whether it must be said that the three persons are of one essence?

 Article 3. Whether essential names should be predicated in the singular of the three persons?

 Article 4. Whether the concrete essential names can stand for the person?

 Article 5. Whether abstract essential names can stand for the person?

 Article 6. Whether the persons can be predicated of the essential terms?

 Article 7. Whether the essential names should be appropriated to the persons?

 Article 8. Whether the essential attributes are appropriated to the persons in a fitting manner by the holy doctors?

 Question 40. OF THE PERSONS AS COMPARED TO THE RELATIONS OR PROPERTIES

 Article 1. Whether relation is the same as person?

 Article 2. Whether the persons are distinguished by the relations?

 Article 3. Whether the hypostases remain if the relations are mentally abstracted from the persons?

 Article 4. Whether the properties presuppose the notional acts?

 Question 41. OF THE PERSONS IN REFERENCE TO THE NOTIONAL ACTS

 Article 1. Whether the notional acts are to be attributed to the persons?

 Article 2. Whether the notional acts are voluntary?

 Article 3. Whether the notional acts proceed from something?

 Article 4. Whether in God there is a power in respect of the notional acts?

 Article 5. Whether the power of begetting signifies a relation, and not the essence?

 Article 6. Whether several persons can be the term of one notional act?

 Question 42. OF EQUALITY AND LIKENESS AMONG THE DIVINE PERSONS

 Article 1. Whether there is equality in God?

 Article 2. Whether the person proceeding is co-eternal with His principle, as the Son with the Father?

 Article 3. Whether in the divine persons there exists an order of nature?

 Article 4. Whether the Son is equal to the Father in greatness?

 Article 5. Whether the Son is in the Father, and conversely?

 Article 6. Whether the Son is equal to the Father in power?

 Question 43. THE MISSION OF THE DIVINE PERSONS

 Article 1. Whether a divine person can be properly sent?

 Article 2. Whether mission is eternal, or only temporal?

 Article 3. Whether the invisible mission of the divine person is only according to the gift of sanctifying grace?

 Article 4. Whether the Father can be fittingly sent?

 Article 5. Whether it is fitting for the Son to be sent invisibly?

 Article 6. Whether the invisible mission is to all who participate grace?

 Article 7. Whether it is fitting for the Holy Ghost to be sent visibly?

 Article 8. Whether a divine person is sent only by the person whence He proceeds eternally?

 TREATISE ON THE CREATION.

 Question 44. THE PROCESSION OF CREATURES FROM GOD, AND OF THE FIRST CAUSE OF ALL THINGS

 Article 1. Whether it is necessary that every being be created by God?

 Article 2. Whether primary matter is created by God?

 Article 3. Whether the exemplar cause is anything besides God?

 Article 4. Whether God is the final cause of all things?

 Question 45. THE MODE OF EMANATION OF THINGS FROM THE FIRST PRINCIPLE

 Article 1. Whether to create is to make something from nothing?

 Article 2. Whether God can create anything?

 Article 3. Whether creation is anything in the creature?

 Article 4. Whether to be created belongs to composite and subsisting things?

 Article 5. Whether it belongs to God alone to create?

 Article 6. Whether to create is proper to any person?

 Article 7. Whether in creatures is necessarily found a trace of the Trinity?

 Article 8. Whether creation is mingled with works of nature and art?

 Question 46. OF THE BEGINNING OF THE DURATION OF CREATURES

 Article 1. Whether the universe of creatures always existed?

 Article 2. Whether it is an article of faith that the world began?

 Article 3. Whether the creation of things was in the beginning of time?

 Question 47. TREATISE ON THE DISTINCTION OF THINGS IN GENERAL (Question 47) OF THE DISTINCTION OF THINGS IN GENERAL

 Article 1. Whether the multitude and distinction of things come from God?

 Article 2. Whether the inequality of things is from God?

 Article 3. Whether there is only one world?

 Question 48. TREATISE ON THE DISTINCTION OF GOOD AND EVIL (Questions 48-49) THE DISTINCTION OF THINGS IN PARTICULAR

 Article 1. Whether evil is a nature?

 Article 2. Whether evil is found in things?

 Article 3. Whether evil is in good as in its subject?

 Article 4. Whether evil corrupts the whole good?

 Article 5. Whether evil is adequately divided into pain* and fault?

 Article 6. Whether pain has the nature of evil more than fault has?

 Question 49. THE CAUSE OF EVIL

 Article 1. Whether good can be the cause of evil?

 Article 2. Whether the supreme good, God, is the cause of evil?

 Article 3. Whether there be one supreme evil which is the cause of every evil?

 Question 50. TREATISE ON THE ANGELS (Questions 50-64) OF THE SUBSTANCE OF THE ANGELS ABSOLUTELY CONSIDERED

 Article 1. Whether an angel is altogether incorporeal?

 Article 2. Whether an angel is composed of matter and form?

 Article 3. Whether the angels exist in any great number?

 Article 4. Whether the angels differ in species?

 Article 5. Whether the angels are incorruptible?

 Question 51. OF THE ANGELS IN COMPARISON WITH BODIES

 Article 1. Whether the angels have bodies naturally united to them?

 Article 2. Whether angels assume bodies?

 Article 3. Whether the angels exercise functions of life in the bodies assumed?

 Question 52. OF THE ANGELS IN RELATION TO PLACE

 Article 1. Whether an angel is in a place?

 Article 2. Whether an angel can be in several places at once?

 Article 3. Whether several angels can be at the same time in the same place?

 Question 53. OF THE LOCAL MOVEMENT OF THE ANGELS

 Article 1. Whether an angel can be moved locally?

 Article 2. Whether an angel passes through intermediate space?

 Article 3. Whether the movement of an angel is instantaneous?

 Question 54. OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE ANGELS

 Article 1. Whether an angel's act of understanding is his substance?

 Article 2. Whether in the angel to understand is to exist?

 Article 3. Whether an angel's power of intelligence is his essence?

 Article 4. Whether there is an active and a passive intellect in an angel?

 Article 5. Whether there is only intellectual knowledge in the angels?

 Question 55. OF THE MEDIUM OF THE ANGELIC KNOWLEDGE

 Article 1. Whether the angels know all things by their substance?

 Article 2. Whether the angels understand by species drawn from things?

 Article 3. Whether the higher angels understand by more universal species than the lower angels?

 Question 56. OF THE ANGEL'S KNOWLEDGE OF IMMATERIAL THINGS

 Article 1. Whether an angel knows himself?

 Article 2. Whether one angel knows another?

 Article 3. Whether an angle knows God by his own natural principles?

 Question 57. OF THE ANGEL'S KNOWLEDGE OF MATERIAL THINGS

 Article 1. Whether the angels know material things?

 Article 2. Whether an angel knows singulars?

 Article 3. Whether angels know the future?

 Article 4. Whether angels know secret thoughts?

 Article 5. Whether the angels know the mysteries of grace?

 Question 58. OF THE MODE OF ANGELIC KNOWLEDGE

 Article 1. Whether the angel's intellect is sometimes in potentiality, sometimes in act?

 Article 2. Whether an angel can understand many things at the same time?

 Article 3. Whether an angel's knowledge is discursive?

 Article 4. Whether the angels understand by composing and dividing?

 Article 5. Whether there can be falsehood in the intellect of an angel?

 Article 6. Whether there is a morning and an evening knowledge in the angels?

 Article 7. Whether the morning and evening knowledge are one?

 Question 59. THE WILL OF THE ANGELS

 Article 1. Whether there is will in the angels?

 Article 2. Whether in the angels the will differs from the intellect?

 Article 3. Whether there is free-will in the angels?

 Article 4. Whether there is an irascible and a concupiscible appetite in the angels?

 Question 60. OF THE LOVE OR DILECTION OF THE ANGELS

 Article 1. Whether there is natural love or dilection in an angel?

 Article 2. Whether there is love of choice in the angels?

 Article 3. Whether the angel loves himself with both natural love, and love of choice?

 Article 4. Whether an angel loves another with natural love as he loves himself?

 Article 5. Whether an angel by natural love loves God more than he loves himself?

 Question 61. OF THE PRODUCTION OF THE ANGELS IN THE ORDER OF NATURAL BEING

 Article 1. Whether the angels have a cause of their existence?

 Article 2. Whether the angel was produced by God from eternity?

 Article 3. Whether the angels were created before the corporeal world?

 Article 4. Whether the angels were created in the empyrean heaven?

 Question 62. OF THE PERFECTION OF THE ANGELS IN THE ORDER OF GRACE AND OF GLORY

 Article 1. Whether the angels were created in beatitude?

 Article 2. Whether an angel needs grace in order to turn to God?

 Article 3. Whether the angels were created in grace?

 Article 4. Whether an angel merits his beatitude?

 Article 5. Whether the angel obtained beatitude immediately after one act of merit?

 Article 6. Whether the angels receive grace and glory according to the degree of their natural gifts?

 Article 7. Whether natural knowledge and love remain in the beatified angels?

 Article 8. Whether a beatified angel can sin?

 Article 9. Whether the beatified angels advance in beatitude?

 Question 63. THE MALICE OF THE ANGELS WITH REGARD TO SIN

 Article 1. Whether the evil of fault can be in the angels?

 Article 2. Whether only the sin of pride and envy can exist in an angel?

 Article 3. Whether the devil desired to be as God?

 Article 4. Whether any demons are naturally wicked?

 Article 5. Whether the devil was wicked by the fault of his own will in the first instant of his creation?

 Article 6. Whether there was any interval between the creation and the fall of the angel?

 Article 7. Whether the highest angel among those who sinned was the highest of all?

 Article 8. Whether the sin of the highest angel was the cause of the others sinning?

 Article 9. Whether those who sinned were as many as those who remained firm?

 Question 64. THE PUNISHMENT OF THE DEMONS

 Article 1. Whether the demons' intellect is darkened by privation of the knowledge of all truth?

 Article 2. Whether the will of the demons is obstinate in evil?

 Article 3. Whether there is sorrow in the demons?

 Article 4. Whether our atmosphere is the demons' place of punishment?

 Question 65. TREATISE ON THE WORK OF THE SIX DAYS (Questions 65-74) THE WORK OF CREATION OF CORPOREAL CREATURES

 Article 1. Whether corporeal creatures are from God?

 Article 2. Whether corporeal things were made on account of God's goodness?

 Article 3. Whether corporeal creatures were produced by God through the medium of the angels?

 Article 4. Whether the forms of bodies are from the angels?

 Question 66. ON THE ORDER OF CREATION TOWARDS DISTINCTION

 Article 1. Whether formlessness of created matter preceded in time its formation?

 Article 2. Whether the formless matter of all corporeal things is the same?

 Article 3. Whether the empyrean heaven was created at the same time as formless matter?

 Article 4. Whether time was created simultaneously with formless matter?

 Question 67. ON THE WORK OF DISTINCTION IN ITSELF

 Article 1. Whether the word light is used in its proper sense in speaking of spiritual things?

 Article 2. Whether light is a body?

 Article 3. Whether light is a quality?

 Article 4. Whether the production of light is fittingly assigned to the first day?

 Question 68. ON THE WORK OF THE SECOND DAY

 Article 1. Whether the firmament was made on the second day?

 Article 2. Whether there are waters above the firmament?

 Article 3. Whether the firmament divides waters from waters?

 Article 4. Whether there is only one heaven?

 Question 69. ON THE WORK OF THE THIRD DAY

 Article 1. Whether it was fitting that the gathering together of the waters should take place, as recorded, on the third day?

 Article 2. Whether it was fitting that the production of plants should take place on the third day?

 Question 70. OF THE WORK OF ADORNMENT, AS REGARDS THE FOURTH DAY

 Article 1. Whether the lights ought to have been produced on the fourth day?

 Article 2. Whether the cause assigned for the production of the lights is reasonable?

 Article 3. Whether the lights of heaven are living beings?

 Question 71. ON THE WORK OF THE FIFTH DAY (ONE ARTICLE)

 Question 72. ON THE WORK OF THE SIXTH DAY (ONE ARTICLE)

 Question 73. ON THE THINGS THAT BELONG TO THE SEVENTH DAY

 Article 1. Whether the completion of the Divine works ought to be ascribed to the seventh day?

 Article 2. Whether God rested on the seventh day from all His work?

 Article 3. Whether blessing and sanctifying are due to the seventh day?

 Question 74. ON ALL THE SEVEN DAYS IN COMMON

 Article 1. Whether these days are sufficiently enumerated?

 Article 2. Whether all these days are one day?

 Article 3. Whether Scripture uses suitable words to express the work of the six days?

 Question 75. TREATISE ON MAN (Questions 75-102) OF MAN WHO IS COMPOSED OF A SPIRITUAL AND A CORPOREAL SUBSTANCE: AND IN THE FIRST PLACE, CONCERNING WH

 Article 1. Whether the soul is a body?

 Article 2. Whether the human soul is something subsistent?

 Article 3. Whether the souls of brute animals are subsistent?

 Article 4. Whether the soul is man?

 Article 5. Whether the soul is composed of matter and form?

 Article 6. Whether the human soul is incorruptible?

 Article 7. Whether the soul is of the same species as an angel?

 Question 76. OF THE UNION OF BODY AND SOUL

 Article 1. Whether the intellectual principle is united to the body as its form?

 Article 2. Whether the intellectual principle is multiplied according to the number of bodies?

 Article 3. Whether besides the intellectual soul there are in man other souls essentially different from one another?

 Article 4. Whether in man there is another form besides the intellectual soul?

 Article 5. Whether the intellectual soul is properly united to such a body?

 Article 6. Whether the intellectual soul is united to the body through the medium of accidental dispositions?

 Article 7. Whether the soul is united to the animal body by means of a body?

 Article 8. Whether the soul is in each part of the body?

 Question 77. OF THOSE THINGS WHICH BELONG TO THE POWERS OF THE SOUL IN GENERAL

 Article 1. Whether the essence of the soul is its power?

 Article 2. Whether there are several powers of the soul?

 Article 3. Whether the powers are distinguished by their acts and objects?

 Article 4. Whether among the powers of the soul there is order?

 Article 5. Whether all the powers of the soul are in the soul as their subject?

 Article 6. Whether the powers of the soul flow from its essence?

 Article 7. Whether one power of the soul arises from another?

 Article 8. Whether all the powers remain in the soul when separated from the body?

 Question 78. OF THE SPECIFIC POWERS OF THE SOUL

 Article 1. Whether there are to be distinguished five genera of powers in the soul?

 Article 2. Whether the parts of the vegetative soul are fittingly described as the nutritive, augmentative, and generative?

 Article 3. Whether the five exterior senses are properly distinguished?

 Article 4. Whether the interior senses are suitably distinguished?

 Question 79. OF THE INTELLECTUAL POWERS

 Article 1. Whether the intellect is a power of the soul?

 Article 2. Whether the intellect is a passive power?

 Article 3. Whether there is an active intellect?

 Article 4. Whether the active intellect is something in the soul?

 Article 5. Whether the active intellect is one in all?

 Article 6. Whether memory is in the intellectual part of the soul?

 Article 7. Whether the intellectual memory is a power distinct from the intellect?

 Article 8. Whether the reason is distinct from the intellect?

 Article 9. Whether the higher and lower reason are distinct powers?

 Article 10. Whether intelligence is a power distinct from intellect?

 Article 11. Whether the speculative and practical intellects are distinct powers?

 Article 12. Whether synderesis is a special power of the soul distinct from the others?

 Article 13. Whether conscience be a power?

 Question 80. OF THE APPETITIVE POWERS IN GENERAL

 Article 1. Whether the appetite is a special power of the soul?

 Article 2. Whether the sensitive and intellectual appetites are distinct powers?

 Question 81. OF THE POWER OF SENSUALITY

 Article 1. Whether sensuality is only appetitive?

 Article 2. Whether the sensitive appetite is divided into the irascible and concupiscible as distinct powers?

 Article 3. Whether the irascible and concupiscible appetites obey reason?

 Question 82. OF THE WILL

 Article 1. Whether the will desires something of necessity?

 Article 2. Whether the will desires of necessity, whatever it desires?

 Article 3. Whether the will is a higher power than the intellect?

 Article 4. Whether the will moves the intellect?

 Article 5. Whether we should distinguish irascible and concupiscible parts in the superior appetite?

 Question 83. OF FREE-WILL

 Article 1. Whether man has free-will?

 Article 2. Whether free-will is a power?

 Article 3. Whether free-will is an appetitive power?

 Article 4. Whether free-will is a power distinct from the will?

 Question 84. HOW THE SOUL WHILE UNITED TO THE BODY UNDERSTANDS CORPOREAL THINGS BENEATH IT

 Article 1. Whether the soul knows bodies through the intellect?

 Article 2. Whether the soul understands corporeal things through its essence?

 Article 3. Whether the soul understands all things through innate species?

 Article 4. Whether the intelligible species are derived by the soul from certain separate forms?

 Article 5. Whether the intellectual soul knows material things in the eternal types?

 Article 6. Whether intellectual knowledge is derived from sensible things?

 Article 7. Whether the intellect can actually understand through the intelligible species of which it is possessed, without turning to the phantasms?

 Article 8. Whether the judgment of the intellect is hindered through suspension of the sensitive powers?

 Question 85. OF THE MODE AND ORDER OF UNDERSTANDING

 Article 1. Whether our intellect understands corporeal and material things by abstraction from phantasms?

 Article 2. Whether the intelligible species abstracted from the phantasm is related to our intellect as that which is understood?

 Article 3. Whether the more universal is first in our intellectual cognition?

 Article 4. Whether we can understand many things at the same time?

 Article 5. Whether our intellect understands by composition and division?

 Article 6. Whether the intellect can be false?

 Article 7. Whether one person can understand one and the same thing better than another can?

 Article 8. Whether the intellect understands the indivisible before the divisible?

 Question 86. WHAT OUR INTELLECT KNOWS IN MATERIAL THINGS

 Article 1. Whether our intellect knows singulars?

 Article 2. Whether our intellect can know the infinite?

 Article 3. Whether our intellect can know contingent things?

 Article 4. Whether our intellect can know the future?

 Question 87. HOW THE INTELLECTUAL SOUL KNOWS ITSELF AND ALL WITHIN ITSELF

 Article 1. Whether the intellectual soul knows itself by its essence?

 Article 2. Whether our intellect knows the habits of the soul by their essence?

 Article 3. Whether our intellect knows its own act?

 Article 4. Whether the intellect understands the act of the will?

 Question 88. HOW THE HUMAN SOUL KNOWS WHAT IS ABOVE ITSELF

 Article 1. Whether the human soul in the present state of life can understand immaterial substances in themselves?

 Article 2. Whether our intellect can understand immaterial substances through its knowledge of material things?

 Article 3. Whether God is the first object known by the human mind?

 Question 89. OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE SEPARATED SOUL

 Article 1. Whether the separated soul can understand anything?

 Article 2. Whether the separated soul understands separate substances?

 Article 3. Whether the separated soul knows all natural things?

 Article 4. Whether the separated soul knows singulars?

 Article 5. Whether the habit of knowledge here acquired remains in the separated soul?

 Article 6. Whether the act of knowledge acquired here remains in the separated soul?

 Article 7. Whether local distance impedes the knowledge in the separated soul?

 Article 8. Whether separated souls know that takes place on earth?

 Question 90. OF THE FIRST PRODUCTION OF MAN'S SOUL

 Article 1. Whether the soul was made or was of God's substance?

 Article 2. Whether the soul was produced by creation?

 Article 3. Whether the rational soul is produced by God immediately?

 Article 4. Whether the human soul was produced before the body?

 Question 91. THE PRODUCTION OF THE FIRST MAN'S BODY

 Article 1. Whether the body of the first man was made of the slime of the earth?

 Article 2. Whether the human body was immediately produced by God?

 Article 3. Whether the body of man was given an apt disposition?

 Article 4. Whether the production of the human body is fittingly described in Scripture?

 Question 92. THE PRODUCTION OF THE WOMAN

 Article 1. Whether the woman should have been made in the first production of things?

 Article 2. Whether woman should have been made from man?

 Article 3. Whether the woman was fittingly made from the rib of man?

 Article 4. Whether the woman was formed immediately by God?

 Question 93. THE END OR TERM OF THE PRODUCTION OF MAN

 Article 1. Whether the image of God is in man?

 Article 2. Whether the image of God is to be found in irrational creatures?

 Article 3. Whether the angels are more to the image of God than man is?

 Article 4. Whether the image of God is found in every man?

 Article 5. Whether the image of God is in man according to the Trinity of Persons?

 Article 6. Whether the image of God is in man as regards the mind only?

 Article 7. Whether the image of God is to be found in the acts of the soul?

 Article 8. Whether the image of the Divine Trinity is in the soul only by comparison with God as its object?

 Article 9. Whether likeness is properly distinguished from image?

 Question 94. OF THE STATE AND CONDITION OF THE FIRST MAN AS REGARDS HIS INTELLECT

 Article 1. Whether the first man saw God through His Essence?

 Article 2. Whether Adam in the state of innocence saw the angels through their essence?

 Article 3. Whether the first man knew all things?

 Article 4. Whether man in his first state could be deceived?

 Question 95. OF THINGS PERTAINING TO THE FIRST MAN'S WILL---NAMELY, GRACE AND RIGHTEOUSNESS

 Article 1. Whether the first man was created in grace?

 Article 2. Whether passions existed in the soul of the first man?

 Article 3. Whether Adam had all the virtues?

 Article 4. Whether the actions of the first man were less meritorious than ours are?

 Question 96. OF THE MASTERSHIP BELONGING TO MAN IN THE STATE OF INNOCENCE

 Article 1. Whether Adam in the state of innocence had mastership over the animals?

 Article 2. Whether man had mastership over all other creatures?

 Article 3. Whether men were equal in the state of innocence?

 Article 4. Whether in the state of innocence man would have been master over man?

 Question 97. OF THE PRESERVATION OF THE INDIVIDUAL IN THE PRIMITIVE STATE

 Article 1. Whether in the state of innocence man would have been immortal?

 Article 2. Whether in the state of innocence man would have been passible?

 Article 3. Whether in the state of innocence man had need of food?

 Article 4. Whether in the state of innocence man would have acquired immortality by the tree of life?

 Question 98. OF THE PRESERVATION OF THE SPECIES

 Article 1. Whether in the state of innocence generation existed?

 Article 2. Whether in the state of innocence there would have been generation by coition?

 Question 99. OF THE CONDITION OF THE OFFSPRING AS TO THE BODY

 Article 1. Whether in the state of innocence children would have had perfect strength of body as to the use of its members immediately after birth?

 Article 2. Whether, in the primitive state, women would have been born?

 Question 100. OF THE CONDITION OF THE OFFSPRING AS REGARDS RIGHTEOUSNESS

 Article 1. Whether men would have been born in a state of righteousness?

 Article 2. Whether in the state of innocence children would have been born confirmed in righteousness?

 Question 101. OF THE CONDITION OF THE OFFSPRING AS REGARDS KNOWLEDGE

 Article 1. Whether in the state of innocence children would have been born with perfect knowledge?

 Article 2. Whether children would have had perfect use of reason at birth?

 Question 102. OF MAN'S ABODE, WHICH IS PARADISE

 Article 1. Whether paradise is a corporeal place?

 Article 2. Whether paradise was a place adapted to be the abode of man?

 Article 3. Whether man was placed in paradise to dress it and keep it?

 Article 4. Whether man was created in paradise?

 Question 103. TREATISE ON THE CONSERVATION AND GOVERNMENT OF CREATURES (Questions 103-119) OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THINGS IN GENERAL

 Article 1. Whether the world is governed by anyone?

 Article 2. Whether the end of the government of the world is something outside the world?

 Article 3. Whether the world is governed by one?

 Article 4. Whether the effect of government is one or many?

 Article 5. Whether all things are subject to the Divine government?

 Article 6. Whether all things are immediately governed by God?

 Article 7. Whether anything can happen outside the order of the Divine government?

 Article 8. Whether anything can resist the order of the Divine government?

 Question 104. THE SPECIAL EFFECTS OF THE DIVINE GOVERNMENT

 Article 1. Whether creatures need to be kept in being by God?

 Article 2. Whether God preserves every creature immediately?

 Article 3. Whether God can annihilate anything?

 Article 4. Whether anything is annihilated?

 Question 105. OF THE CHANGE OF CREATURES BY GOD

 Article 1. Whether God can move the matter immediately to the form?

 Article 2. Whether God can move a body immediately?

 Article 3. Whether God moves the created intellect immediately?

 Article 4. Whether God can move the created will?

 Article 5. Whether God works in every agent?

 Article 6. Whether God can do anything outside the established order of nature?

 Article 7. Whether whatever God does outside the natural order is miraculous?

 Article 8. Whether one miracle is greater than another?

 Question 106. HOW ONE CREATURE MOVES ANOTHER

 Article 1. Whether one angel enlightens another?

 Article 2. Whether one angel moves another angel's will?

 Article 3. Whether an inferior angel can enlighten a superior angel?

 Article 4. Whether the superior angel enlightens the inferior as regards all he himself knows?

 Question 107. THE SPEECH OF THE ANGELS

 Article 1. Whether one angel speaks to another?

 Article 2. Whether the inferior angel speaks to the superior?

 Article 3. Whether an angel speaks to God?

 Article 4. Whether local distance influences the angelic speech?

 Article 5. Whether all the angels know what one speaks to another?

 Question 108. OF THE ANGELIC DEGREES OF HIERARCHIES AND ORDERS

 Article 1. Whether all the angels are of one hierarchy?

 Article 2. Whether there are several orders in one hierarchy?

 Article 3. Whether there are many angels in one order?

 Article 4. Whether the distinction of hierarchies and orders comes from the angelic nature?

 Article 5. Whether the orders of the angels are properly named?

 Article 6. Whether the grades of the orders are properly assigned?

 Article 7. Whether the orders will outlast the Day of Judgment?

 Article 8. Whether men are taken up into the angelic orders?

 Question 109. THE ORDERING OF THE BAD ANGELS

 Article 1. Whether there are orders among the demons?

 Article 2. Whether among the demons there is precedence?

 Article 3. Whether there is enlightenment in the demons?

 Article 4. Whether the good angels have precedence over the bad angels?

 Question 110. HOW ANGELS ACT ON BODIES

 Article 1. Whether the corporeal creature is governed by the angels?

 Article 2. Whether corporeal matter obeys the mere will of an angel?

 Article 3. Whether bodies obey the angels as regards local motion?

 Article 4. Whether angels can work miracles?

 Question 111. THE ACTION OF THE ANGELS ON MAN

 Article 1. Whether an angel can enlighten man?

 Article 2. Whether the angels can change the will of man?

 Article 3. Whether an angel can change man's imagination?

 Article 4. Whether an angel can change the human senses?

 Question 112. THE MISSION OF THE ANGELS

 Article 1. Whether the angels are sent on works of ministry?

 Article 2. Whether all the angels are sent in ministry?

 Article 3. Whether all the angels who are sent, assist?

 Article 4. Whether all the angels of the second hierarchy are sent?

 Question 113. OF THE GUARDIANSHIP OF THE GOOD ANGELS

 Article 1. Whether men are guarded by the angels?

 Article 2. Whether each man is guarded by an angel?

 Article 3. Whether to guard men belongs only to the lowest order of angels?

 Article 4. Whether angels are appointed to the guardianship of all men?

 Article 5. Whether an angel is appointed to guard a man from his birth?

 Article 6. Whether the angel guardian ever forsakes a man?

 Article 7. Whether angels grieve for the ills of those whom they guard?

 Article 8. Whether there can be strife or discord among the angels?

 Question 114. OF THE ASSAULTS OF THE DEMONS

 Article 1. Whether men are assailed by the demons?

 Article 2. Whether to tempt is proper to the devil?

 Article 3. Whether all sins are due to the temptation of the devil?

 Article 4. Whether demons can lead men astray by means of real miracles?

 Article 5. Whether a demon who is overcome by man, is for this reason hindered from making further assaults?

 Question 115. OF THE ACTION OF THE CORPOREAL CREATURE

 Article 1. Whether a body can be active?

 Article 2. Whether there are any seminal virtues in corporeal matter?

 Article 3. Whether the heavenly bodies are the cause of what is produced in bodies here below?

 Article 4. Whether the heavenly bodies are the cause of human actions?

 Article 5. Whether heavenly bodies can act on the demons?

 Article 6. Whether heavenly bodies impose necessity on things subject to their action?

 Question 116. ON FATE

 Article 1. Whether there be such a thing as fate?

 Article 2. Whether fate is in created things?

 Article 3. Whether fate is unchangeable?

 Article 4. Whether all things are subject to fate?

 Question 117. OF THINGS PERTAINING TO THE ACTION OF MAN

 Article 1. Whether one man can teach another?

 Article 2. Whether man can teach the angels?

 Article 3. Whether man by the power of his soul can change corporeal matter?

 Article 4. Whether the separate human soul can move bodies at least locally?

 Question 118. OF THE PRODUCTION OF MAN FROM MAN AS TO THE SOUL

 Article 1. Whether the sensitive soul is transmitted with the semen?

 Article 2. Whether the intellectual soul is produced from the semen?

 Article 3. Whether human souls were created together at the beginning of the world?

 Question 119. OF THE PROPAGATION OF MAN AS TO THE BODY

 Article 1. Whether some part of the food is changed into true human nature?

 Article 2. Whether the semen is produced from surplus food?

 Prima Secundae

 FIRST PART OF THE SECOND PART. TREATISE ON THE LAST END. PROLOGUE

 Question 1. OF MAN'S LAST END

 Article 1. Whether it belongs to man to act for an end?

 Article 2. Whether it is proper to the rational nature to act for an end?

 Article 3. Whether human acts are specified by their end?

 Article 4. Whether there is one last end of human life?

 Article 5. Whether one man can have several last ends?

 Article 6. Whether man will all, whatsoever he wills, for the last end?

 Article 7. Whether all men have the same last end?

 Article 8. Whether other creatures concur in that last end?

 Question 2. OF THOSE THINGS IN WHICH MAN'S HAPPINESS CONSISTS

 Article 1. Whether man's happiness consists in wealth?

 Article 2. Whether man's happiness consists in honors?

 Article 3. Whether man's happiness consists in fame or glory?

 Article 4. Whether man's happiness consists in power?

 Article 5. Whether man's happiness consists in any bodily good?

 Article 6. Whether man's happiness consists in pleasure?

 Article 7. Whether some good of the soul constitutes man's happiness?

 Article 8. Whether any created good constitutes man's happiness?

 Question 3. WHAT IS HAPPINESS

 Article 1. Whether happiness is something uncreated?

 Article 2. Whether happiness is an operation?

 Article 3. Whether happiness is an operation of the sensitive part, or of the intellective part only?

 Article 4. Whether, if happiness is in the intellective part, it is an operation of the intellect or of the will?

 Article 5. Whether happiness is an operation of the speculative, or of the practical intellect?

 Article 6. Whether happiness consists in the consideration of speculative sciences?

 Article 7. Whether happiness consists in the knowledge of separate substances, namely, angels?

 Article 8. Whether man's happiness consists in the vision of the divine essence?

 Question 4. OF THOSE THINGS THAT ARE REQUIRED FOR HAPPINESS

 Article 1. Whether delight is required for happiness?

 Article 2. Whether in happiness vision ranks before delight?

 Article 3. Whether comprehension is necessary for happiness?

 Article 4. Whether rectitude of the will is necessary for happiness?

 Article 5. Whether the body is necessary for man's happiness?

 Article 6. Whether perfection of the body is necessary for happiness?

 Article 7. Whether any external goods are necessary for happiness?

 Article 8. Whether the fellowship of friend is necessary for happiness?

 Question 5. OF THE ATTAINMENT OF HAPPINESS

 Article 1. Whether man can attain happiness?

 Article 2. Whether one man can be happier than another?

 Article 3. Whether one can be happy in this life?

 Article 4. Whether happiness once had can be lost?

 Article 5. Whether man can attain happiness by his natural powers?

 Article 6. Whether man attains happiness through the action of some higher creature?

 Article 7. Whether any good works are necessary that man may receive happiness from God?

 Article 8. Whether every man desires happiness?

 Question 6. TREATISE ON HUMAN ACTS: ACTS PECULIAR TO MAN (Questions 6-21) OF THE VOLUNTARY AND THE INVOLUNTARY

 Article 1. Whether there is anything voluntary in human acts?

 Article 2. Whether there is anything voluntary in irrational animals?

 Article 3. Whether there can be voluntariness without any act?

 Article 4. Whether violence can be done to the will?

 Article 5. Whether violence causes involuntariness?

 Article 6. Whether fear causes involuntariness simply?

 Article 7. Whether concupiscence causes involuntariness?

 Article 8. Whether ignorance causes involuntariness?

 Question 7. OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF HUMAN ACTS

 Article 1. Whether a circumstance is an accident of a human act?

 Article 2. Whether theologians should take note of the circumstances of human acts?

 Article 3. Whether the circumstances are properly set forth in the third book of Ethics?

 Article 4. Whether the most important circumstances are why and in what the act consists?

 Question 8. OF THE WILL, IN REGARD TO WHAT IT WILLS

 Article 1. Whether the will is of good only?

 Article 2. Whether volition is of the end only, or also of the means?

 Article 3. Whether the will is moved by the same act to the end and to the means?

 Question 9. OF THAT WHICH MOVES THE WILL

 Article 1. Whether the will is moved by the intellect?

 Article 2. Whether the will is moved by the sensitive appetite?

 Article 3. Whether the will moves itself?

 Article 4. Whether the will is moved by an exterior principle?

 Article 5. Whether the will is moved by a heavenly body?

 Article 6. Whether the will is moved by God alone, as exterior principle?

 Question 10. OF THE MANNER IN WHICH THE WILL IS MOVED

 Article 1. Whether the will is moved to anything naturally?

 Article 2. Whether the will is moved, of necessity, by its object?

 Article 3. Whether the will is moved, of necessity, by the lower appetite?

 Article 4. Whether the will is moved of necessity by the exterior mover which is God?

 Question 11. OF ENJOYMENT , WHICH IS AN ACT OF THE WILL

 Article 1. Whether to enjoy is an act of the appetitive power?

 Article 2. Whether to enjoy belongs to the rational creature alone, or also to irrational animals?

 Article 3. Whether enjoyment is only of the last end?

 Article 4. Whether enjoyment is only of the end possessed?

 Question 12. OF INTENTION

 Article 1. Whether intention is an act of the intellect or of the will?

 Article 2. Whether intention is only of the last end?

 Article 3. Whether one can intend two things at the same time?

 Article 4. Whether intention of the end is the same act as the volition of the means?

 Article 5. Whether intention is within the competency of irrational animals?

 Question 13. OF CHOICE, WHICH IS AN ACT OF THE WILL WITH REGARD TO THE MEANS

 Article 1. Whether choice is an act of will or of reason?

 Article 2. Whether choice is to be found in irrational animals?

 Article 3. Whether choice is only of the means, or sometimes also of the end?

 Article 4. Whether choice is of those things only that are done by us?

 Article 5. Whether choice is only of possible things?

 Article 6. Whether man chooses of necessity or freely?

 Question 14. OF COUNSEL, WHICH PRECEDES CHOICE

 Article 1. Whether counsel is an inquiry?

 Article 2. Whether counsel is of the end, or only of the means?

 Article 3. Whether counsel is only of things that we do?

 Article 4. Whether counsel is about all things that we do?

 Article 5. Whether the process of counsel is one of analysis?

 Article 6. Whether the process of counsel is indefinite?

 Question 15. OF CONSENT, WHICH IS AN ACT OF THE WILL IN REGARD TO THE MEANS

 Article 1. Whether consent is an act of the appetitive or of the apprehensive power?

 Article 2. Whether consent is to be found in irrational animals?

 Article 3. Whether consent is directed to the end or to the means?

 Article 4. Whether consent to the act belongs only to the higher part of the soul?

 Question 16. OF USE, WHICH IS AN ACT OF THE WILL IN REGARD TO THE MEANS

 Article 1. Whether use is an act of the will?

 Article 2. Whether use is to be found in irrational animals?

 Article 3. Whether use regards also the last end?

 Article 4. Whether use precedes choice?

 Question 17. OF THE ACTS COMMANDED BY THE WILL

 Article 1. Whether command is an act of the reason or of the will?

 Article 2. Whether command belongs to irrational animals?

 Article 3. Whether use precedes command?

 Article 4. Whether command and the commanded act are one act, or distinct?

 Article 5. Whether the act of the will is commanded?

 Article 6. Whether the act of the reason is commanded?

 Article 7. Whether the act of the sensitive appetite is commanded?

 Article 8. Whether the act of the vegetal soul is commanded?

 Article 9. Whether the acts of the external members are commanded?

 Question 18. OF THE GOOD AND EVIL OF HUMAN ACTS, IN GENERAL

 Article 1. Whether every human action is good, or are there evil actions?

 Article 2. Whether the good or evil of a man's action is derived from its object?

 Article 3. Whether man's action is good or evil from a circumstance?

 Article 4. Whether a human action is good or evil from its end?

 Article 5. Whether a human action is good or evil in its species?

 Article 6. Whether an action has the species of good or evil from its end?

 Article 7. Whether the species derived from the end is contained under the species derived from the object, as under its genus, or conversely?

 Article 8. Whether any action is indifferent in its species?

 Article 9. Whether an individual action can be indifferent?

 Article 10. Whether a circumstance places a moral action in the species of good or evil?

 Article 11. Whether every circumstance that makes an action better or worse, places a moral action in a species of good or evil?

 Question 19. OF THE GOODNESS AND MALICE OF THE INTERIOR ACT OF THE WILL

 Article 1. Whether the goodness of the will depends on the object?

 Article 2. Whether the goodness of the will depends on the object alone?

 Article 3. Whether the goodness of the will depends on reason?

 Article 4. Whether the goodness of the will depends on the eternal law?

 Article 5. Whether the will is evil when it is at variance with erring reason?

 Article 6. Whether the will is good when it abides by erring reason?

 Article 7. Whether the goodness of the will, as regards the means, depends on the intention of the end?

 Article 8. Whether the degree of goodness or malice in the will depends on the degree of good or evil in the intention?

 Article 9. Whether the goodness of the will depends on its conformity to the Divine will?

 Article 10. Whether it is necessary for the human will, in order to be good, to be conformed to the Divine will, as regards the thing willed?

 Question 20. OF GOODNESS AND MALICE IN EXTERNAL HUMAN AFFAIRS

 Article 1. Whether goodness or malice is first in the action of the will, or in the external action?

 Article 2. Whether the whole goodness and malice of the external action depends on the goodness of the will?

 Article 3. Whether the goodness and malice of the external action are the same as those of the interior act?

 Article 4. Whether the external action adds any goodness or malice to that of the interior act?

 Article 5. Whether the consequences of the external action increase its goodness or malice?

 Article 6. Whether one and the same external action can be both good and evil?

 Question 21. OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF HUMAN ACTIONS BY REASON OF THEIR GOODNESS AND MALICE

 Article 1. Whether a human action is right or sinful, in so far as it is good or evil?

 Article 2. Whether a human action deserves praise or blame, by reason of its being good or evil?

 Article 3. Whether a human action is meritorious or demeritorious in so far as it is good or evil?

 Article 4. Whether a human action is meritorious or demeritorious before God, according as it is good or evil?

 Question 22. TREATISE ON THE PASSIONS (Questions 22-48) OF THE SUBJECT OF THE SOUL'S PASSIONS

 Article 1. Whether any passion is in the soul?

 Article 2. Whether passion is in the appetitive rather than in the apprehensive part?

 Article 3. Whether passion is in the sensitive appetite rather than in the intellectual appetite, which is called the will?

 Question 23. HOW THE PASSIONS DIFFER FROM ONE ANOTHER

 Article 1. Whether the passions of the concupiscible part are different from those of the irascible part?

 Article 2. Whether the contrariety of the irascible passions is based on the contrariety of good and evil?

 Article 3. Whether any passion of the soul has no contrariety?

 Article 4. Whether in the same power, there are any passions, specifically different, but not contrary to one another?

 Question 24. OF GOOD AND EVIL IN THE PASSIONS OF THE SOUL

 Article 1. Whether moral good and evil can be found in the passions of the soul?

 Article 2. Whether every passion of the soul is evil morally?

 Article 3. Whether passion increases or decreases the goodness or malice of an act?

 Article 4. Whether any passion is good or evil in its species?

 Question 25. OF THE ORDER OF THE PASSIONS TO ONE ANOTHER

 Article 1. Whether the irascible passions precede the concupiscible passions, or vice versa?

 Article 2. Whether love is the first of the concupiscible passions?

 Article 3. Whether hope is the first of the irascible passions?

 Article 4. Whether these are the four principal passions: joy, sadness, hope and fear?

 Question 26. OF THE PASSIONS OF THE SOUL IN PARTICULAR: AND FIRST, OF LOVE

 Article 1. Whether love is in the concupiscible power?

 Article 2. Whether love is a passion?

 Article 3. Whether love is the same as dilection?

 Article 4. Whether love is properly divided into love of friendship and love of concupiscence?

 Question 27. OF THE CAUSE OF LOVE

 Article 1. Whether good is the only cause of love?

 Article 2. Whether knowledge is a cause of love?

 Article 3. Whether likeness is a cause of love?

 Article 4. Whether any other passion of the soul is a cause of love?

 Question 28. OF THE EFFECTS OF LOVE

 Article 1. Whether union is an effect of love?

 Article 2. Whether mutual indwelling is an effect of love?

 Article 3. Whether ecstasy is an effect of love?

 Article 4. Whether zeal is an effect of love?

 Article 5. Whether love is a passion that wounds the lover?

 Article 6. Whether love is cause of all that the lover does?

 Question 29. OF HATRED

 Article 1. Whether evil is the cause and object of hatred?

 Article 2. Whether love is a cause of hatred?

 Article 3. Whether hatred is stronger than love?

 Article 4. Whether a man can hate himself?

 Article 5. Whether a man can hate the truth?

 Article 6. Whether anything can be an object of universal hatred?

 Question 30. OF CONCUPISCENCE

 Article 1. Whether concupiscence is in the sensitive appetite only?

 Article 2. Whether concupiscence is a specific passion?

 Article 3. Whether some concupiscences are natural, and some not natural?

 Article 4. Whether concupiscence is infinite?

 Question 31. OF DELIGHT CONSIDERED IN ITSELF

 Article 1. Whether delight is a passion?

 Article 2. Whether delight is in time?

 Article 3. Whether delight differs from joy?

 Article 4. Whether delight is in the intellectual appetite?

 Article 5. Whether bodily and sensible pleasures are greater than spiritual and intellectual pleasures?

 Article 6. Whether the pleasures of touch are greater than the pleasures afforded by the other senses?

 Article 7. Whether any pleasure is not natural?

 Article 8. Whether one pleasure can be contrary to another?

 Question 32. OF THE CAUSE OF PLEASURE

 Article 1. Whether operation is the proper cause of pleasure?

 Article 2. Whether movement is a cause of pleasure?

 Article 3. Whether hope and memory causes pleasure?

 Article 4. Whether sadness causes pleasure?

 Article 5. Whether the actions of others are a cause of pleasure to us?

 Article 6. Whether doing good to another is a cause of pleasure?

 Article 7. Whether likeness is a cause of pleasure?

 Article 8. Whether wonder is a cause of pleasure?

 Question 33. OF THE EFFECTS OF PLEASURE

 Article 1. Whether expansion is an effect of pleasure?

 Article 2. Whether pleasure causes thirst or desire for itself?

 Article 3. Whether pleasure hinders the use of reason?

 Article 4. Whether pleasure perfects operation?

 Question 34. OF THE GOODNESS AND MALICE OF PLEASURES

 Article 1. Whether every pleasure is evil?

 Article 2. Whether every pleasure is good?

 Article 3. Whether any pleasure is the greatest good?

 Article 4. Whether pleasure is the measure or rule by which to judge of moral good or evil?

 Question 35. OF PAIN OR SORROW, IN ITSELF

 Article 1. Whether pain is a passion of the soul?

 Article 2. Whether sorrow is the same as pain?

 Article 3. Whether sorrow or pain is contrary to pleasure?

 Article 4. Whether all sorrow is contrary to all pleasure?

 Article 5. Whether there is any sorrow contrary to the pleasure of contemplation?

 Article 6. Whether sorrow is to be shunned more than pleasure is to be sought?

 Article 7. Whether outward pain is greater than interior sorrow?

 Article 8. Whether there are only four species of sorrow?

 Question 36. OF THE CAUSES OF SORROW OR PAIN

 Article 1. Whether sorrow is caused by the loss of good or by the presence of evil?

 Article 2. Whether desire is a cause of sorrow?

 Article 3. Whether the craving for unity is a cause of sorrow?

 Article 4. Whether an irresistible power is a cause of sorrow?

 Question 37. OF THE EFFECTS OF PAIN OR SORROW

 Article 1. Whether pain deprives one of the power to learn?

 Article 2. Whether the effect of sorrow or pain is to burden the soul?

 Article 3. Whether sorrow or pain weakens all activity?

 Article 4. Whether sorrow is more harmful to the body than the other passions of the soul?

 Question 38. OF THE REMEDIES OF SORROW OR PAIN

 Article 1. Whether pain or sorrow is assuaged by every pleasure?

 Article 2. Whether pain or sorrow is assuaged by tears?

 Article 3. Whether pain or sorrow are assuaged by the sympathy of friends?

 Article 4. Whether pain and sorrow are assuaged by the contemplation of truth?

 Article 5. Whether pain and sorrow are assuaged by sleep and baths?

 Question 39. OF THE GOODNESS AND MALICE OF SORROW OR PAIN

 Article 1. Whether all sorrow is evil?

 Article 2. Whether sorrow can be a virtuous good?

 Article 3. Whether sorrow can be a useful good?

 Article 4. Whether bodily pain is the greatest evil?

 Question 40. OF THE IRASCIBLE PASSIONS, AND FIRST, OF HOPE AND DESPAIR

 Article 1. Whether hope is the same as desire of cupidity?

 Article 2. Whether hope is in the apprehensive or in the appetitive power?

 Article 3. Whether hope is in dumb animals?

 Article 4. Whether despair is contrary to hope?

 Article 5. Whether experience is a cause of hope?

 Article 6. Whether hope abounds in young men and drunkards?

 Article 7. Whether hope is a cause of love?

 Article 8. Whether hope is a help or a hindrance to action?

 Question 41. OF FEAR, IN ITSELF

 Article 1. Whether fear is a passion of the soul?

 Article 2. Whether fear is a special passion?

 Article 3. Whether there is a natural fear?

 Article 4. Whether the species of fear is suitably assigned?

 Question 42. OF THE OBJECT OF FEAR

 Article 1. Whether the object of fear is good or evil?

 Article 2. Whether evil of nature is an object of fear?

 Article 3. Whether the evil of sin is an object of fear?

 Article 4. Whether fear itself can be feared?

 Article 5. Whether sudden things are especially feared?

 Article 6. Whether those things are more feared, for which there is no remedy?

 Question 43. OF THE CAUSE OF FEAR

 Article 1. Whether love is the cause of fear?

 Article 2. Whether defect is the cause of fear?

 Question 44. OF THE EFFECTS OF FEAR

 Article 1. Whether fear causes contraction?

 Article 2. Whether fear makes one suitable for counsel?

 Article 3. Whether fear makes one tremble?

 Article 4. Whether fear hinders action?

 Question 45. OF DARING

 Article 1. Whether daring is contrary to fear?

 Article 2. Whether daring ensues from hope?

 Article 3. Whether some defect is a cause of daring?

 Article 4. Whether the brave are more eager at first than in the midst of danger?

 Question 46. OF ANGER, IN ITSELF

 Article 1. Whether anger is a special passion?

 Article 2. Whether the object of anger is good or evil?

 Article 3. Whether anger is in the concupiscible faculty?

 Article 4. Whether anger requires an act of reason?

 Article 5. Whether anger is more natural than desire?

 Article 6. Whether anger is more grievous than hatred?

 Article 7. Whether anger is only towards those to whom one has an obligation of justice?

 Article 8. Whether the species of anger are suitably assigned?

 Question 47. OF THE CAUSE THAT PROVOKES ANGER, AND OF THE REMEDIES OF ANGER (FOUR ARTICLES)

 Article 1. Whether the motive of anger is always something done against the one who is angry?

 Article 2. Whether the sole motive of anger is slight or contempt?

 Article 3. Whether a man's excellence is the cause of his being angry?

 Article 4. Whether a person's defect is a reason for being more easily angry with him?

 Question 48. OF THE EFFECTS OF ANGER

 Article 1. Whether anger causes pleasure?

 Article 2. Whether anger above all causes fervor in the heart?

 Article 3. Whether anger above all hinders the use of reason?

 Article 4. Whether anger above all causes taciturnity?

 Question 49. TREATISE ON HABITS (Questions 49-54) OF HABITS IN GENERAL, AS TO THEIR SUBSTANCE

 Article 1. Whether habit is a quality?

 Article 2. Whether habit is a distinct species of quality?

 Article 3. Whether habit implies order to an act?

 Article 4. Whether habits are necessary?

 Question 50. OF THE SUBJECT OF HABITS

 Article 1. Whether there is a habit in the body?

 Article 2. Whether the soul is the subject of habit in respect of its essence or in respect of its power?

 Article 3. Whether there can be any habits in the powers of the sensitive parts?

 Article 4. Whether there is any habit in the intellect?

 Article 5. Whether any habit is in the will?

 Article 6. Whether there are habits in the angels?

 Question 51. OF THE CAUSE OF HABITS, AS TO THEIR FORMATION

 Article 1. Whether any habit is from nature?

 Article 2. Whether any habit is caused by acts?

 Article 3. Whether a habit can be caused by one act?

 Article 4. Whether any habits are infused in man by God?

 Question 52. OF THE INCREASE OF HABITS

 Article 1. Whether habits increase?

 Article 2. Whether habits increases by addition?

 Article 3. Whether every act increases its habit?

 Question 53. HOW HABITS ARE CORRUPTED OR DIMINISHED

 Article 1. Whether a habit can be corrupted?

 Article 2. Whether a habit can diminish?

 Article 3. Whether a habit is corrupted or diminished through mere cessation from act?

 Question 54. OF THE DISTINCTION OF HABITS

 Article 1. Whether many habits can be in one power?

 Article 2. Whether habits are distinguished by their objects?

 Article 3. Whether habits are divided into good and bad?

 Article 4. Whether one habit is made up of many habits?

 Question 55. TREATISE ON HABITS IN PARTICULAR (Questions 55-89) GOOD HABITS, i.e. VIRTUES (Questions 55-70) OF THE VIRTUES, AS TO THEIR ESSENCE

 Article 1. Whether human virtue is a habit?

 Article 2. Whether human virtue is an operative habit?

 Article 3. Whether human virtue is a good habit?

 Article 4. Whether virtue is suitably defined?

 Question 56. OF THE SUBJECT OF VIRTUE

 Article 1. Whether the subject of virtue is a power of the soul?

 Article 2. Whether one virtue can be in several powers?

 Article 3. Whether the intellect can be the subject of virtue?

 Article 4. Whether the irascible and concupiscible powers are the subject of virtue?

 Article 5. Whether the sensitive powers of apprehension are the subject of virtue?

 Article 6. Whether the will can be the subject of virtue?

 Question 57. OF THE INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES

 Article 1. Whether the habits of the speculative intellect are virtues?

 Article 2. Whether there are only three habits of the speculative intellect, viz. wisdom, science and understanding?

 Article 3. Whether the intellectual habit, art, is a virtue?

 Article 4. Whether prudence is a distinct virtue from art?

 Article 5. Whether prudence is a virtue necessary to man?

 Article 6. Whether eubulia, synesis, and gnome are virtues annexed to prudence?

 Question 58. OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MORAL AND INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES

 Article 1. Whether every virtue is a moral virtue?

 Article 2. Whether moral virtue differs from intellectual virtue?

 Article 3. Whether virtue is adequately divided into moral and intellectual?

 Article 4. Whether there can be moral without intellectual virtue?

 Article 5. Whether there can be intellectual without moral virtue?

 Question 59. OF MORAL VIRTUE IN RELATION TO THE PASSIONS

 Article 1. Whether moral virtue is a passion?

 Article 2. Whether there can be moral virtue with passion?

 Article 3. Whether sorrow is compatible with moral virtue?

 Article 4. Whether all the moral virtues are about the passions?

 Article 5. Whether there can be moral virtue without passion?

 Question 60. HOW THE MORAL VIRTUES DIFFER FROM ONE ANOTHER

 Article 1. Whether there is only one moral virtue?

 Article 2. Whether moral virtues about operations are different from those that are about passions?

 Article 3. Whether there is only one moral virtue about operations?

 Article 4. Whether there are different moral virtues about different passions?

 Article 5. Whether the moral virtues differ in point of the various objects of the passions?

 Question 61. OF THE CARDINAL VIRTUES

 Article 1. Whether the moral virtues should be called cardinal or principal virtues?

 Article 2. Whether there are four cardinal virtues?

 Article 3. Whether any other virtues should be called principal rather than these?

 Article 4. Whether the four cardinal virtues differ from one another?

 Article 5. Whether the cardinal virtues are fittingly divided into social virtues, perfecting, perfect, and exemplar virtues?

 Question 62. OF THE THEOLOGICAL VIRTUES

 Article 1. Whether there are any theological virtues?

 Article 2. Whether the theological virtues are distinct from the intellectual and moral virtues?

 Article 3. Whether faith, hope, and charity are fittingly reckoned as theological virtues?

 Article 4. Whether faith precedes hope, and hope charity?

 Question 63. OF THE CAUSE OF VIRTUES

 Article 1. Whether virtue is in us by nature?

 Article 2. Whether any virtue is caused in us by habituation?

 Article 3. Whether any moral virtues are in us by infusion?

 Article 4. Whether virtue by habituation belongs to the same species as infused virtue?

 Question 64. OF THE MEAN OF VIRTUE

 Article 1. Whether moral virtues observe the mean?

 Article 2. Whether the mean of moral virtue is the real mean, or the rational mean?

 Article 3. Whether the intellectual virtues observe the mean?

 Article 4. Whether the theological virtues observe the mean?

 Question 65. OF THE CONNECTION OF VIRTUES

 Article 1. Whether the moral virtues are connected with one another?

 Article 2. Whether moral virtues can be without charity?

 Article 3. Whether charity can be without moral virtue?

 Article 4. Whether faith and hope can be without charity?

 Article 5. Whether charity can be without faith and hope?

 Question 66. OF EQUALITY AMONG THE VIRTUES

 Article 1. Whether one virtue can be greater or less than another?

 Article 2. Whether all the virtues that are together in one man, are equal?

 Article 3. Whether the moral virtues are better than the intellectual virtues?

 Article 4. Whether justice is the chief of the moral virtues?

 Article 5. Whether wisdom is the greatest of the intellectual virtues?

 Article 6. Whether charity is the greatest of the theological virtues?

 Question 67. OF THE DURATION OF VIRTUES AFTER THIS LIFE

 Article 1. Whether the moral virtues remain after this life?

 Article 2. Whether the intellectual virtues remain after this life?

 Article 3. Whether faith remains after this life?

 Article 4. Whether hope remains after death, in the state of glory?

 Article 5. Whether anything of faith or hope remains in glory?

 Article 6. Whether charity remains after this life, in glory?

 Question 68. OF THE GIFTS

 Article 1. Whether the Gifts differ from the virtues?

 Article 2. Whether the gifts are necessary to man for salvation?

 Article 3. Whether the gifts of the Holy Ghost are habits?

 Article 4. Whether the seven gifts of the Holy Ghost are suitably enumerated?

 Article 5. Whether the gifts of the Holy Ghost are connected?

 Article 6. Whether the gifts of the Holy Ghost remain in heaven?

 Article 7. Whether the gifts are set down by Isaias in their order of dignity?

 Article 8. Whether the virtues are more excellent than the gifts?

 Question 69. OF THE BEATITUDES

 Article 1. Whether the beatitudes differ from the virtues and gifts?

 Article 2. Whether the rewards assigned to the beatitudes refer to this life?

 Article 3. Whether the beatitudes are suitably enumerated?

 Article 4. Whether the rewards of the beatitudes are suitably enumerated?

 Question 70. OF THE FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST

 Article 1. Whether the fruits of the Holy Ghost which the Apostle enumerates (Gal. 5) are acts?

 Article 2. Whether the fruits differ from the beatitudes?

 Article 3. Whether the fruits are suitably enumerated by the Apostle?

 Article 4. Whether the fruits of the Holy Ghost are contrary to the works of the flesh?

 Question 71. EVIL HABITS, i.e. VICES AND SINS (Questions 71-89) OF VICE AND SIN CONSIDERED IN THEMSELVES

 Article 1. Whether vice is contrary to virtue?

 Article 2. Whether vice is contrary to nature?

 Article 3. Whether vice is worse than a vicious act?

 Article 4. Whether sin is compatible with virtue?

 Article 5. Whether every sin includes an action?

 Article 6. Whether sin is fittingly defined as a word, deed, or desire contrary to the eternal law?

 Question 72. OF THE DISTINCTION OF SINS

 Article 1. Whether sins differ in species according to their objects?

 Article 2. Whether spiritual sins are fittingly distinguished from carnal sins?

 Article 3. Whether sins differ specifically in reference to their causes?

 Article 4. Whether sin is fittingly divided into sin against God, against oneself, and against one's neighbor?

 Article 5. Whether the division of sins according to their debt of punishment diversifies their species?

 Article 6. Whether sins of commission and omission differ specifically?

 Article 7. Whether sins are fittingly divided into sins of thought, word, and deed?

 Article 8. Whether excess and deficiency diversify the species of sins?

 Article 9. Whether sins differ specifically in respect of different circumstances?

 Question 73. OF THE COMPARISON OF ONE SIN WITH ANOTHER

 Article 1. Whether all sins are connected with one another?

 Article 2. Whether all sins are equal?

 Article 3. Whether the gravity of sins varies according to their objects?

 Article 4. Whether the gravity of sins depends on the excellence of the virtues to which they are opposed?

 Article 5. Whether carnal sins are of less guilt than spiritual sins?

 Article 6. Whether the gravity of a sin depends on its cause?

 Article 7. Whether a circumstance aggravates a sin?

 Article 8. Whether sin is aggravated by reason of its causing more harm?

 Article 9. Whether a sin is aggravated by reason of the condition of the person against whom it is committed?

 Article 10. Whether the excellence of the person sinning aggravates the sin?

 Question 74. OF THE SUBJECT OF SIN

 Article 1. Whether the will is a subject of sin?

 Article 2. Whether the will alone is the subject of sin?

 Article 3. Whether there can be sin in the sensuality?

 Article 4. Whether mortal sin can be in the sensuality?

 Article 5. Whether sin can be in the reason?

 Article 6. Whether the sin of morose delectation is in the reason?

 Article 7. Whether the sin of consent to the act is in the higher reason?

 Article 8. Whether consent to delectation is a mortal sin?

 Article 9. Whether there can be venial sin in the higher reason as directing the lower powers?

 Article 10. Whether venial sin can be in the higher reason as such?

 Question 75. OF THE CAUSES OF SIN, IN GENERAL

 Article 1. Whether sin has a cause?

 Article 2. Whether sin has an internal cause?

 Article 3. Whether sin has an external cause?

 Article 4. Whether one sin is a cause of another?

 Question 76. OF THE CAUSES OF SIN, IN PARTICULAR

 Article 1. Whether ignorance can be a cause of sin?

 Article 2. Whether ignorance is a sin?

 Article 3. Whether ignorance excuses from sin altogether?

 Article 4. Whether ignorance diminishes a sin?

 Question 77. OF THE CAUSE OF SIN, ON THE PART OF THE SENSITIVE APPETITE

 Article 1. Whether the will is moved by a passion of the senstive appetite?

 Article 2. Whether the reason can be overcome by a passion, against its knowledge?

 Article 3. Whether a sin committed through passion, should be called a sin of weakness?

 Article 4. Whether self-love is the source of every sin?

 Article 5. Whether concupiscence of the flesh, concupiscence of the eyes, and pride of life are fittingly described as causes of sin?

 Article 6. Whether sin is alleviated on account of a passion?

 Article 7. Whether passion excuses from sin altogether?

 Article 8. Whether a sin committed through passion can be mortal?

 Question 78. OF THAT CAUSE OF SIN WHICH IS MALICE

 Article 1. Whether anyone sins through certain malice?

 Article 2. Whether everyone that sins through habit, sins through certain malice?

 Article 3. Whether one who sins through certain malice, sins through habit?

 Article 4. Whether it is more grievous to sin through certain malice than through passion?

 Question 79. OF THE EXTERNAL CAUSES OF SIN

 Article 1. Whether God is a cause of sin?

 Article 2. Whether the act of sin is from God?

 Article 3. Whether God is the cause of spiritual blindness and hardness of heart?

 Article 4. Whether blindness and hardness of heart are directed to the salvation of those who are blinded and hardened?

 Question 80. OF THE CAUSE OF SIN, AS REGARDS THE DEVIL

 Article 1. Whether the devil is directly the cause of man's sinning?

 Article 2. Whether the devil can induce man to sin, by internal instigations?

 Article 3. Whether the devil can induce man to sin of necessity?

 Article 4. Whether all the sins of men are due to the devil's suggestion?

 Question 81. OF THE CAUSE OF SIN, ON THE PART OF MAN

 Article 1. Whether the first sin of our first parent is contracted by his descendants, by way of origin?

 Article 2. Whether also other sins of the first parent or of nearer ancestors are transmitted to their descendants?

 Article 3. Whether the sin of the first parent is transmitted, by the way of origin, to all men?

 Article 4. Whether original sin would be contracted by a person formed miraculously from human flesh?

 Article 5. Whether if Eve, and not Adam, had sinned, their children would have contracted original sin?

 Question 82. OF ORIGINAL SIN, AS TO ITS ESSENCE

 Article 1. Whether original sin is a habit?

 Article 2. Whether there are several original sins in one man?

 Article 3. Whether original sin is concupiscence?

 Article 4. Whether original sin is equally in all?

 Question 83. OF THE SUBJECT OF ORIGINAL SIN

 Article 1. Whether original sin is more in the flesh than in the soul?

 Article 2. Whether original sin is in the essence of the soul rather than in the powers?

 Article 3. Whether original sin infects the will before the other powers?

 Article 4. Whether the aforesaid powers are more infected than the others?

 Question 84. OF THE CAUSE OF SIN, IN RESPECT OF ONE SIN BEING THE CAUSE OF ANOTHER

 Article 1. Whether covetousness is the root of all sins?

 Article 2. Whether pride is the beginning of every sin?

 Article 3. Whether any other special sins, besides pride and avarice, should be called capital?

 Article 4. Whether the seven capital vices are suitably reckoned?

 Question 85. OF THE EFFECTS OF SIN, AND, FIRST, OF THE CORRUPTION OF THE GOOD OF NATURE

 Article 1. Whether sin diminishes the good of nature?

 Article 2. Whether the entire good of human nature can be destroyed by sin?

 Article 3. Whether weakness, ignorance, malice and concupiscence are suitably reckoned as the wounds of nature consequent upon sin?

 Article 4. Whether privation of mode, species and order is the effect of sin?

 Article 5. Whether death and other bodily defects are the result of sin?

 Article 6. Whether death and other defects are natural to man?

 Question 86. OF THE STAIN OF SIN

 Article 1. Whether sin causes a stain on the soul?

 Article 2. Whether the stain remains in the soul after the act of sin?

 Question 87. OF THE DEBT OF PUNISHMENT

 Article 1. Whether the debt of punishment is an effect of sin?

 Article 2. Whether sin can be the punishment of sin?

 Article 3. Whether any sin incurs a debt of eternal punishment?

 Article 4. Whether sin incurs a debt of punishment infinite in quantity?

 Article 5. Whether every sin incurs a debt of eternal punishment?

 Article 6. Whether the debt of punishment remains after sin?

 Article 7. Whether every punishment is inflicted for a sin?

 Article 8. Whether anyone is punished for another's sin?

 Question 88. OF VENIAL AND MORTAL SIN

 Article 1. Whether venial sin is fittingly condivided with mortal sin?

 Article 2. Whether mortal and venial sin differ generically?

 Article 3. Whether venial sin is a disposition to mortal sin?

 Article 4. Whether a venial sin can become mortal?

 Article 5. Whether a circumstance can make a venial sin to be mortal?

 Article 6. Whether a mortal sin can become venial?

 Question 89. OF VENIAL SIN IN ITSELF

 Article 1. Whether venial sin causes a stain on the soul?

 Article 2. Whether venial sins are suitably designated as wood, hay, and stubble?

 Article 3. Whether man could commit a venial sin in the state of innocence?

 Article 4. Whether a good or a wicked angel can sin venially?

 Article 5. Whether the first movements of the sensuality in unbelievers are mortal sin?

 Article 6. Whether venial sin can be in anyone with original sin alone?

 Question 90. TREATISE ON LAW (Questions 90-108) OF THE ESSENCE OF LAW

 Article 1. Whether law is something pertaining to reason?

 Article 2. Whether the law is always something directed to the common good?

 Article 3. Whether the reason of any man is competent to make laws?

 Article 4. Whether promulgation is essential to a law?

 Question 91. OF THE VARIOUS KINDS OF LAW

 Article 1. Whether there is an eternal law?

 Article 2. Whether there is in us a natural law?

 Article 3. Whether there is a human law?

 Article 4. Whether there was any need for a Divine law?

 Article 5. Whether there is but one Divine law?

 Article 6. Whether there is a law in the fomes of sin?

 Question 92. OF THE EFFECTS OF LAW

 Article 1. Whether an effect of law is to make men good?

 Article 2. Whether the acts of law are suitably assigned?

 Question 93. OF THE ETERNAL LAW

 Article 1. Whether the eternal law is a sovereign type existing in God?

 Article 2. Whether the eternal law is known to all?

 Article 3. Whether every law is derived from the eternal law?

 Article 4. Whether necessary and eternal things are subject to the eternal law?

 Article 5. Whether natural contingents are subject to the eternal law?

 Article 6. Whether all human affairs are subject to the eternal law?

 Question 94. OF THE NATURAL LAW

 Article 1. Whether the natural law is a habit?

 Article 2. Whether the natural law contains several precepts, or only one?

 Article 3. Whether all acts of virtue are prescribed by the natural law?

 Article 4. Whether the natural law is the same in all men?

 Article 5. Whether the natural law can be changed?

 Article 6. Whether the law of nature can be abolished from the heart of man?

 Question 95. OF HUMAN LAW

 Article 1. Whether it was useful for laws to be framed by men?

 Article 2. Whether every human law is derived from the natural law?

 Article 3. Whether Isidore's description of the quality of positive law is appropriate?

 Article 4. Whether Isidore's division of human laws is appropriate?

 Question 96. OF THE POWER OF HUMAN LAW

 Article 1. Whether human law should be framed for the community rather than for the individual?

 Article 2. Whether it belongs to the human law to repress all vices?

 Article 3. Whether human law prescribes acts of all the virtues?

 Article 4. Whether human law binds a man in conscience?

 Article 5. Whether all are subject to the law?

 Article 6. Whether he who is under a law may act beside the letter of the law?

 Question 97. OF CHANGE IN LAWS

 Article 1. Whether human law should be changed in any way?

 Article 2. Whether human law should always be changed, whenever something better occurs?

 Article 3. Whether custom can obtain force of law?

 Article 4. Whether the rulers of the people can dispense from human laws?

 Question 98. OF THE OLD LAW

 Article 1. Whether the Old Law was good?

 Article 2. Whether the Old Law was from God?

 Article 3. Whether the Old Law was given through the angels?

 Article 4. Whether the Old Law should have been given to the Jews alone?

 Article 5. Whether all men were bound to observe the Old Law?

 Article 6. Whether the Old Law was suitably given at the time of Moses?

 Question 99. OF THE PRECEPTS OF THE OLD LAW

 Article 1. Whether the Old Law contains only one precept?

 Article 2. Whether the Old Law contains moral precepts?

 Article 3. Whether the Old Law comprises ceremonial, besides moral, precepts?

 Article 4. Whether, besides the moral and ceremonial precepts, there are also judicial precepts?

 Article 5. Whether the Old Law contains any others besides the moral, judicial, and ceremonial precepts?

 Article 6. Whether the Old Law should have induced men to the observance of its precepts, by means of temporal promises and threats?

 Question 100. OF THE MORAL PRECEPTS OF THE OLD LAW

 Article 1. Whether all the moral precepts of the Old Law belong to the law of nature?

 Article 2. Whether the moral precepts of the Law are about all the acts of virtue?

 Article 3. Whether all the moral precepts of the Old Law are reducible to the ten precepts of the decalogue?

 Article 4. Whether the precepts of the decalogue are suitably distinguished from one another?

 Article 5. Whether the precepts of the decalogue are suitably set forth?

 Article 6. Whether the ten precepts of the decalogue are set in proper order?

 Article 7. Whether the precepts of the decalogue are suitably formulated?

 Article 8. Whether the precepts of the decalogue are dispensable?

 Article 9. Whether the mode of virtue falls under the precept of the law?

 Article 10. Whether the mode of charity falls under the precept of the Divine law?

 Article 11. Whether it is right to distinguish other moral precepts of the law besides the decalogue?

 Article 12. Whether the moral precepts of the Old Law justified man?

 Quaestion 101 On the Ceremonial Precepts

 Article 1. Article 1. Whether the nature of the ceremonial precepts consists in their pertaining to the worship of God?

 Article 2. Article 2. Whether the ceremonial precepts are figurative?

 Article 3. Article 3. Whether there should have been many ceremonial precepts?

 Article 4. Article 4. Whether the ceremonies of the Old Law are suitably divided into sacrifices, sacred things, sacraments, and observances?

 Quaestion 102. On the Causes of the Ceremonial Precepts

 Article 1. Whether there was any cause for the ceremonial precepts?

 Article 2. Article 2. Whether the ceremonial precepts have a literal cause or merely a figurative cause?

 Article 3. Article 3. Whether a suitable cause can be assigned for the ceremonies which pertained to sacrifices?

 Article 4. Whether sufficient reason can be assigned for the ceremonial precepts pertaining to holy things?

 Article 5. Whether there can be any suitable cause for the sacraments of the Old Law?

 Article 6. Whether there was any reasonable cause for the ceremonial observances?

 Question 103. OF THE DURATION OF THE CEREMONIAL PRECEPTS

 Article 1. Whether the ceremonies of the Law were in existence before the Law?

 Article 2. Whether, at the time of the Law, the ceremonies of the Old Law had any power of justification?

 Article 3. Whether the ceremonies of the Old Law ceased at the coming of Christ?

 Article 4. Whether since Christ's Passion the legal ceremonies can be observed without committing mortal sin?

 Question 104. OF THE JUDICIAL PRECEPTS

 Article 1. Whether the judicial precepts were those which directed man in relation to his neighbor?

 Article 2. Whether the judicial precepts were figurative?

 Article 3. Whether the judicial precepts of the Old Law bind for ever?

 Article 4. Whether it is possible to assign a distinct division of the judicial precepts?

 Question 105. OF THE REASON FOR THE JUDICIAL PRECEPTS

 Article 1. Whether the Old Law enjoined fitting precepts concerning rulers?

 Article 2. Whether the judicial precepts were suitably framed as to the relations of one man with another?

 Article 3. Whether the judicial precepts regarding foreigners were framed in a suitable manner?

 Article 4. Whether the Old Law set forth suitable precepts about the members of the household?

 Question 106. OF THE LAW OF THE GOSPEL, CALLED THE NEW LAW, CONSIDERED IN ITSELF

 Article 1. Whether the New Law is a written law?

 Article 2. Whether the New Law justifies?

 Article 3. Whether the New Law should have been given from the beginning of the world?

 Article 4. Whether the New Law will last till the end of the world?

 Question 107. OF THE NEW LAW AS COMPARED WITH THE OLD

 Article 1. Whether the New Law is distinct from the Old Law?

 Article 2. Whether the New Law fulfils the Old?

 Article 3. Whether the New Law is contained in the Old?

 Article 4. Whether the New Law is more burdensome than the Old?

 Question 108. OF THOSE THINGS THAT ARE CONTAINED IN THE NEW LAW

 Article 1. Whether the New Law ought to prescribe or prohibit any external acts?

 Article 2. Whether the New Law made sufficient ordinations about external acts?

 Article 3. Whether the New Law directed man sufficiently as regards interior actions?

 Article 4. Whether certain definite counsels are fittingly proposed in the New Law?

 Question 109. TREATISE ON GRACE (Questions 109-114) OF THE NECESSITY OF GRACE

 Article 1. Whether without grace man can know any truth?

 Article 2. Whether man can wish or do any good without grace?

 Article 3. Whether by his own natural powers and without grace man can love God above all things?

 Article 4. Whether man without grace and by his own natural powers can fulfil the commandments of the Law?

 Article 5. Whether man can merit everlasting life without grace?

 Article 6. Whether a man, by himself and without the external aid of grace, can prepare himself for grace?

 Article 7. Whether man can rise from sin without the help of grace?

 Article 8. Whether man without grace can avoid sin?

 Article 9. Whether one who has already obtained grace, can, of himself and without further help of grace, do good and avoid sin?

 Article 10. Whether man possessed of grace needs the help of grace in order to persevere?

 Question 110. OF THE GRACE OF GOD AS REGARDS ITS ESSENCE

 Article 1. Whether grace implies anything in the soul?

 Article 2. Whether grace is a quality of the soul?

 Article 3. Whether grace is the same as virtue?

 Article 4. Whether grace is in the essence of the soul as in a subject, or in one of the powers?

 Question 111. OF THE DIVISION OF GRACE

 Article 1. Whether grace is fittingly divided into sanctifying grace and gratuitous grace?

 Article 2. Whether grace is fittingly divided into operating and cooperating grace?

 Article 3. Whether grace is fittingly divided into prevenient and subsequent grace?

 Article 4. Whether gratuitous grace is rightly divided by the Apostle?

 Article 5. Whether gratuitous grace is nobler than sanctifying grace?

 Question 112. OF THE CAUSE OF GRACE

 Article 1. Whether God alone is the cause of grace?

 Article 2. Whether any preparation and disposition for grace is required on man's part?

 Article 3. Whether grace is necessarily given to whoever prepares himself for it, or to whoever does what he can?

 Article 4. Whether grace is greater in one than in another?

 Article 5. Whether man can know that he has grace?

 Question 113. OF THE EFFECTS OF GRACE

 Article 1. Whether the justification of the ungodly is the remission of sins?

 Article 2. Whether the infusion of grace is required for the remission of guilt, i.e. for the justification of the ungodly?

 Article 3. Whether for the justification of the ungodly is required a movement of the free-will?

 Article 4. Whether a movement of faith is required for the justification of the ungodly?

 Article 5. Whether for the justification of the ungodly there is required a movement of the free-will towards sin?

 Article 6. Whether the remission of sins ought to be reckoned amongst the things required for justification?

 Article 7. Whether the justification of the ungodly takes place in an instant or successively?

 Article 8. Whether the infusion of grace is naturally the first of the things required for the justification of the ungodly?

 Article 9. Whether the justification of the ungodly is God's greatest work?

 Article 10. Whether the justification of the ungodly is a miraculous work?

 Question 114. OF MERIT

 Article 1. Whether a man may merit anything from God?

 Article 2. Whether anyone without grace can merit eternal life?

 Article 3. Whether a man in grace can merit eternal life condignly?

 Article 4. Whether grace is the principle of merit through charity rather than the other virtues?

 Article 5. Whether a man may merit for himself the first grace?

 Article 6. Whether a man can merit the first grace for another?

 Article 7. Whether a man may merit restoration after a fall?

 Article 8. Whether a man may merit the increase of grace or charity?

 Article 9. Whether a man may merit perseverance?

 Article 10. Whether temporal goods fall under merit?

 Secunda Secundae

 Prologue

 TREATISE ON THE THEOLOGICAL VIRTUES. ON FAITH.

 Article 1. Whether the object of faith is the First Truth?

 Article 2. Whether the object of faith is something complex, by way of a proposition?

 Article 3. Whether anything false can come under faith?

 Article 4. Whether the object of faith can be something seen?

 Article 5. Whether those things that are of faith can be an object of science ?

 Article 6. Whether those things that are of faith should be divided into certain articles?

 Article 7. Whether the articles of faith have increased in course of time?

 Article 8. Whether the articles of faith are suitably formulated?

 Article 9. Whether it is suitable for the articles of faith to be embodied in a symbol?

 Article 10. Whether it belongs to the Sovereign Pontiff to draw up a symbol of faith?

 Question 2. OF THE ACT OF FAITH

 Article 1. Whether to believe is to think with assent?

 Article 2. Whether the act of faith is suitably distinguished as believing God, believing in a God and believing in God?

 Article 3. Whether it is necessary for salvation to believe anything above the natural reason?

 Article 4. Whether it is necessary to believe those things which can be proved by natural reason?

 Article 5. Whether man is bound to believe anything explicitly?

 Article 6. Whether all are equally bound to have explicit faith?

 Article 7. Whether it is necessary for the salvation of all, that they should believe explicitly in the mystery of Christ?

 Article 8. Whether it is necessary for salvation to believe explicitly in the Trinity?

 Article 9. Whether to believe is meritorious?

 Article 10. Whether reasons in support of what we believe lessen the merit of faith?

 Question 3. OF THE OUTWARD ACT OF FAITH

 Article 1. Whether confession is an act of faith?

 Article 2. Whether confession of faith is necessary for salvation?

 Question 4. OF THE VIRTUE ITSELF OF FAITH

 Article 1. Whether this is a fitting definition of faith: Faith is the substance of things to be hoped for, the evidence of things that appear not?

 Article 2. Whether faith resides in the intellect?

 Article 3. Whether charity is the form of faith?

 Article 4. Whether lifeless faith can become living, or living faith, lifeless?

 Article 5. Whether faith is a virtue?

 Article 6. Whether faith is one virtue?

 Article 7. Whether faith is the first of the virtues?

 Article 8. Whether faith is more certain than science and the other intellectual virtues?

 Question 5. OF THOSE WHO HAVE FAITH

 Article 1. Whether there was faith in the angels, or in man, in their original state?

 Article 2. Whether in the demons there is faith?

 Article 3. Whether a man who disbelieves one article of faith, can have lifeless faith in the other articles?

 Article 4. Whether faith can be greater in one man than in another?

 Question 6. OF THE CAUSE OF FAITH

 Article 1. Whether faith is infused into man by God?

 Article 2. Whether lifeless faith is a gift of God?

 Question 7. OF THE EFFECTS OF FAITH

 Article 1. Whether fear is an effect of faith?

 Article 2. Whether faith has the effect of purifying the heart?

 Question 8. OF THE GIFT OF UNDERSTANDING

 Article 1. Whether understanding is a gift of the Holy Ghost?

 Article 2. Whether the gift of understanding is compatible with faith?

 Article 3. Whether the gift of understanding is merely speculative or also practical?

 Article 4. Whether the gift of understanding is in all who are in a state of grace?

 Article 5. Whether the gift of understanding is found also in those who have not sanctifying grace?

 Article 6. Whether the gift of understanding is distinct from the other gifts?

 Article 7. Whether the sixth beatitude, Blessed are the clean of heart, etc., responds to the gift of understanding?

 Article 8. Whether faith, among the fruits, responds to the gift of understanding?

 Question 9. OF THE GIFT OF KNOWLEDGE

 Article 1. Whether knowledge is a gift?

 Article 2. Whether the gift of knowledge is about Divine things?

 Article 3. Whether the gift of knowledge is practical knowledge?

 Article 4. Whether the third beatitude, Blessed are they that mourn, etc. corresponds to the gift of knowledge?

 Question 10. OF UNBELIEF IN GENERAL

 Article 1. Whether unbelief is a sin?

 Article 2. Whether unbelief is in the intellect as its subject?

 Article 3. Whether unbelief is the greatest of sin?

 Article 4. Whether every act of an unbeliever is a sin?

 Article 5. Whether there are several species of unbelief?

 Article 6. Whether the unbelief of pagans or heathens is graver than other kinds?

 Article 7. Whether one ought to dispute with unbelievers in public?

 Article 8. Whether unbelievers ought to be compelled to the faith?

 Article 9. Whether it is lawful to communicate with unbelievers?

 Article 10. Whether unbelievers may have authority or dominion over the faithful?

 Article 11. Whether the rites of unbelievers ought to be tolerated?

 Article 12. Whether the children of Jews and other unbelievers ought to be baptized against their parents' will?

 Question 11. OF HERESY

 Article 1. Whether heresy is a species of unbelief?

 Article 2. Whether heresy is properly about matters of faith?

 Article 3. Whether heretics ought to be tolerated?

 Article 4. Whether the Church should receive those who return from heresy?

 Question 12. OF APOSTASY

 Article 1. Whether apostasy pertains to unbelief?

 Article 2. Whether a prince forfeits his dominion over his subjects, on account of apostasy from the faith, so that they no longer owe him allegiance?

 Question 13. OF THE SIN OF BLASPHEMY, IN GENERAL

 Article 1. Whether blasphemy is opposed to the confession of faith?

 Article 2. Whether blasphemy is always a mortal sin?

 Article 3. Whether the sin of blasphemy is the greatest sin?

 Article 4. Whether the damned blaspheme?

 Question 14. OF BLASPHEMY AGAINST THE HOLY GHOST

 Article 1. Whether the sin against the Holy Ghost is the same as the sin committed through certain malice?

 Article 2. Whether it is fitting to distinguish six kinds of sin against the Holy Ghost?

 Article 3. Whether the sin against the Holy Ghost can be forgiven?

 Article 4. Whether a man can sin first of all against the Holy Ghost?

 Question 15. OF THE VICES OPPOSED TO KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING

 Article 1. Whether blindness of mind is a sin?

 Article 2. Whether dulness of sense is a sin distinct from blindness of mind?

 Article 3. Whether blindness of mind and dulness of sense arise from sins of the flesh?

 Question 16. OF THE PRECEPTS OF FAITH, KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING

 Article 1. Whether in the Old Law there should have been given precepts of faith?

 Article 2. Whether the precepts referring to knowledge and understanding were fittingly set down in the Old Law?

 Question 17. ON HOPE (Questions 17-22) OF HOPE, CONSIDERED IN ITSELF

 Article 1. Whether hope is a virtue?

 Article 2. Whether eternal happiness is the proper object of hope?

 Article 3. Whether one man may hope for another's eternal happiness?

 Article 4. Whether a man can lawfully hope in man?

 Article 5. Whether hope is a theological virtue?

 Article 6. Whether hope is distinct from the other theological virtues?

 Article 7. Whether hope precedes faith?

 Article 8. Whether charity precedes hope?

 Question 18. OF THE SUBJECT OF HOPE

 Article 1. Whether hope is in the will as its subject?

 Article 2. Whether in the blessed there is hope?

 Article 3. Whether hope is in the damned?

 Article 4. Whether there is certainty in the hope of a wayfarer?

 Question 19. OF THE GIFT OF FEAR

 Article 1. Whether God can be feared?

 Article 2. Whether fear is fittingly divided into filial, initial, servile and worldly fear?

 Article 3. Whether worldly fear is always evil?

 Article 4. Whether servile fear is good?

 Article 5. Whether servile fear is substantially the same as filial fear?

 Article 6. Whether servile fear remains with charity?

 Article 7. Whether fear is the beginning of wisdom?

 Article 8. Whether initial fear differs substantially from filial fear?

 Article 9. Whether fear is a gift of the Holy Ghost?

 Article 10. Whether fear decreases when charity increases?

 Article 11. Whether fear remains in heaven?

 Article 12. Whether poverty of spirit is the beatitude corresponding to the gift of fear?

 Question 20. OF DESPAIR

 Article 1. Whether despair is a sin?

 Article 2. Whether there can be despair without unbelief?

 Article 3. Whether despair is the greatest of sins?

 Article 4. Whether despair arises from sloth?

 Question 21. OF PRESUMPTION

 Article 1. Whether presumption trusts in God or in our own power?

 Article 2. Whether presumption is a sin?

 Article 3. Whether presumption is more opposed to fear than to hope?

 Article 4. Whether presumption arises from vainglory?

 Question 22. OF THE PRECEPTS RELATING TO HOPE AND FEAR

 Article 1. Whether there should be a precept of hope?

 Article 2. Whether there should have been given a precept of fear?

 Question 23. ON CHARITY (Questions 23-46) OF CHARITY, CONSIDERED IN ITSELF

 Article 1. Whether charity is friendship?

 Article 2. Whether charity is something created in the soul?

 Article 3. Whether charity is a virtue?

 Article 4. Whether charity is a special virtue?

 Article 5. Whether charity is one virtue?

 Article 6. Whether charity is the most excellent of the virtues?

 Article 7. Whether any true virtue is possible without charity?

 Article 8. Whether charity is the form of the virtues?

 Question 24. OF THE SUBJECT OF CHARITY

 Article 1. Whether the will is the subject of charity?

 Article 2. Whether charity is caused in us by infusion?

 Article 3. Whether charity is infused according to the capacity of our natural gifts?

 Article 4. Whether charity can increase?

 Article 5. Whether charity increases by addition?

 Article 6. Whether charity increases through every act of charity?

 Article 7. Whether charity increases indefinitely?

 Article 8. Whether charity can be perfect in this life?

 Article 9. Whether charity is rightly distinguished into three degrees, beginning, progress, and perfection?

 Article 10. Whether charity can decrease?

 Article 11. Whether we can lose charity when once we have it?

 Article 12. Whether charity is lost through one mortal sin?

 Question 25. OF THE OBJECT OF CHARITY

 Article 1. Whether the love of charity stops at God, or extends to our neighbor?

 Article 2. Whether we should love charity out of charity?

 Article 3. Whether irrational creatures also ought to be loved out of charity?

 Article 4. Whether a man ought to love himself out of charity?

 Article 5. Whether a man ought to love his body out of charity?

 Article 6. Whether we ought to love sinners out of charity?

 Article 7. Whether sinners love themselves?

 Article 8. Whether charity requires that we should love our enemies?

 Article 9. Whether it is necessary for salvation that we should show our enemies the signs and effects of love?

 Article 10. Whether we ought to love the angels out of charity?

 Article 11. Whether we are bound to love the demons out of charity?

 Article 12. Whether four things are rightly reckoned as to be loved out of charity, viz. God, our neighbor, our body and ourselves?

 Question 26. OF THE ORDER OF CHARITY

 Article 1. Whether there is order in charity?

 Article 2. Whether God ought to be loved more than our neighbor?

 Article 3. Whether out of charity, man is bound to love God more than himself?

 Article 4. Whether our of charity, man ought to love himself more than his neighbor?

 Article 5. Whether a man ought to love his neighbor more than his own body?

 Article 6. Whether we ought to love one neighbor more than another?

 Article 7. Whether we ought to love those who are better more those who are more closely united us?

 Article 8. Whether we ought to love more those who are connected with us by ties of blood?

 Article 9. Whether a man ought, out of charity, to love his children more than his father?

 Article 10. Whether a man ought to love his mother more than his father?

 Article 11. Whether a man ought to love his wife more than his father and mother?

 Article 12. Whether a man ought to love more his benefactor than one he has benefited?

 Article 13. Whether the order of charity endures in heaven?

 Question 27. OF THE PRINCIPLE ACT OF CHARITY, WHICH IS TO LOVE

 Article 1. Whether to be loved is more proper to charity than to love?

 Article 2. Whether to love considered as an act of charity is the same as goodwill?

 Article 3. Whether out of charity God ought to be loved for Himself?

 Article 4. Whether God can be loved immediately in this life?

 Article 5. Whether God can be loved wholly?

 Article 6. Whether in loving God we ought to observe any mode?

 Article 7. Whether it is more meritorious to love an enemy than to love a friend?

 Article 8. Whether it is more meritorious to love one's neighbor than to love God?

 Question 28. OF JOY

 Article 1. Whether joy is effected in us by charity?

 Article 2. Whether the spiritual joy, which results from charity, is compatible with an admixture of sorrow?

 Article 3. Whether the spiritual joy which proceeds from charity, can be filled?

 Article 4. Whether joy is a virtue?

 Question 29. OF PEACE

 Article 1. Whether peace is the same as concord?

 Article 2. Whether all things desire peace?

 Article 3. Whether peace is the proper effect of charity?

 Article 4. Whether peace is a virtue?

 Question 30. OF MERCY (FOUR ARTICLES)

 Article 1. Whether evil is properly the motive of mercy?

 Article 2. Whether the reason for taking pity is a defect in the person who pities?

 Article 3. Whether mercy is a virtue?

 Article 4. Whether mercy is the greatest of the virtues?

 Question 31. OF BENEFICENCE

 Article 1. Whether beneficence is an act of charity?

 Article 2. Whether we ought to do good to all?

 Article 3. Whether we ought to do good to those rather who are more closely united to us?

 Article 4. Whether beneficence is a special virtue?

 Question 32. OF ALMSDEEDS

 Article 1. Whether almsgiving is an act of charity?

 Article 2. Whether the different kinds of almsdeeds are suitably enumerated?

 Article 3. Whether corporal alms are of more account than spiritual alms?

 Article 4. Whether corporal almsdeeds have a spiritual effect?

 Article 5. Whether almsgiving is a matter of precept?

 Article 6. Whether one ought to give alms out of what one needs?

 Article 7. Whether one may give alms out of ill-gotten goods?

 Article 8. Whether one who is under another's power can give alms?

 Article 9. Whether one ought to give alms to those rather who are more closely united to us?

 Article 10. Whether alms should be given in abundance?

 Question 33. OF FRATERNAL CORRECTION

 Article 1. Whether fraternal correction is an act of charity?

 Article 2. Whether fraternal correction is a matter of precept?

 Article 3. Whether fraternal correction belongs only to prelates?

 Article 4. Whether a mann is bound to correct his prelate?

 Article 5. Whether a sinner ought to reprove a wrongdoer?

 Article 6. Whether one ought to forbear from correcting someone, through fear lest he become worse?

 Article 7. Whether the precept of fraternal correction demands that a private admonition should precede denunciation?

 Article 8. Whether before the public denunciation witnesses ought to be brought forward?

 Question 34. OF HATRED

 Article 1. Whether it is possible for anyone to hate God?

 Article 2. Whether hatred of God is the greatest of sins?

 Article 3. Whether hatred of one's neighbor is always a sin?

 Article 4. Whether hatred of our neighbor is the most grievous sin against our neighbor?

 Article 5. Whether hatred is a capital sin?

 Article 6. Whether hatred arises from envy?

 Question 35. OF SLOTH

 Article 1. Whether sloth is a sin?

 Article 2. Whether sloth is a special vice?

 Article 3. Whether sloth is a mortal sin?

 Article 4. Whether sloth should be accounted a capital vice?

 Question 36. OF ENVY

 Article 1. Whether envy is a kind of sorrow?

 Article 2. Whether envy is a sin?

 Article 3. Whether envy is a mortal sin?

 Article 4. Whether envy is a capital vice?

 Question 37. OF DISCORD, WHICH IS CONTRARY TO PEACE

 Article 1. Whether discord is a sin?

 Article 2. Whether discord is a daughter of vainglory?

 Question 38. OF CONTENTION

 Article 1. Whether contention is a mortal sin?

 Article 2. Whether contention is a daughter of vainglory?

 Question 39. OF SCHISM

 Article 1. Whether schism is a special sin?

 Article 2. Whether schism is a graver sin than unbelief?

 Article 3. Whether schismatics have any power?

 Article 4. Whether it is right that schismatics should be punished with excommunication?

 Question 40. OF WAR

 Article 1. Whether it is always sinful to wage war?

 Article 2. Whether it is lawful for clerics and bishops to fight?

 Article 3. Whether it is lawful to lay ambushes in war?

 Article 4. Whether it is lawful to fight on holy days?

 Question 41. OF STRIFE (TWO ARTICLES)

 Article 1. Whether strife is always a sin?

 Article 2. Whether strife is a daughter of anger?

 Question 42. OF SEDITION

 Article 1. Whether sedition is a special sin distinct from other sins?

 Article 2. Whether sedition is always a mortal sin?

 Question 43. OF SCANDAL

 Article 1. Whether scandal is fittingly defined as being something less rightly said or done that occasions spiritual downfall?

 Article 2. Whether scandal is a sin?

 Article 3. Whether scandal is a special sin?

 Article 4. Whether scandal is a mortal sin?

 Article 5. Whether passive scandal may happen even to the perfect?

 Article 6. Whether active scandal can be found in the perfect?

 Article 7. Whether spiritual goods should be foregone on account of scandal?

 Article 8. Whether temporal goods should be foregone on account of scandal?

 Question 44. OF THE PRECEPTS OF CHARITY

 Article 1. Whether any precept should be given about charity?

 Article 2. Whether there should have been given two precepts of charity?

 Article 3. Whether two precepts of charity suffice?

 Article 4. Whether it is fittingly commanded that man should love God with his whole heart?

 Article 5. Whether to the words, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with thy whole heart, it was fitting to add and with thy whole soul, and with thy

 Article 6. Whether it is possible in this life to fulfil this precept of the love of God?

 Article 7. Whether the precept of love of our neighbor is fittingly expressed?

 Article 8. Whether the order of charity is included in the precept?

 Question 45. OF THE GIFT OF WISDOM

 Article 1. Whether wisdom should be reckoned among the gifts of the Holy Ghost?

 Article 2. Whether wisdom is in the intellect as its subject?

 Article 3. Whether wisdom is merely speculative, or practical also?

 Article 4. Whether wisdom can be without grace, and with mortal sin?

 Article 5. Whether wisdom is in all who have grace?

 Article 6. Whether the seventh beatitude corresponds to the gift of wisdom?

 Question 46. OF FOLLY WHICH IS OPPOSED TO WISDOM

 Article 1. Whether folly is contrary to wisdom?

 Article 2. Whether folly is a sin?

 Article 3. Whether folly is a daughter of lust?

 Question 47. TREATISE ON THE CARDINAL VIRTUES (Questions 47-170) ON PRUDENCE (Questions 47-56) OF PRUDENCE, CONSIDERED IN ITSELF

 Article 1. Whether prudence is in the cognitive or in the appetitive faculty?

 Article 2. Whether prudence belongs to the practical reason alone or also to the speculative reason?

 Article 3. Whether prudence takes cognizance of singulars?

 Article 4. Whether prudence is a virtue?

 Article 5. Whether prudence is a special virtue?

 Article 6. Whether prudence appoints the end to moral virtues?

 Article 7. Whether it belongs to prudence to find the mean in moral virtues?

 Article 8. Whether command is the chief act of prudence?

 Article 9. Whether solicitude belongs to prudence?

 Article 10. Whether solicitude belongs to prudence?

 Article 11. Whether prudence about one's own good is specifically the same as that which extends to the common good?

 Article 12. Whether prudence is in subjects, or only in their rulers?

 Article 13. Whether prudence can be in sinners?

 Article 14. Whether prudence is in all who have grace?

 Article 15. Whether prudence is in us by nature?

 Article 16. Whether prudence can be lost through forgetfulness?

 Question 48. OF THE PARTS OF PRUDENCE (ONE ARTICLE)

 Article 1. Whether three parts of prudence are fittingly assigned?

 Question 49. OF EACH QUASI-INTEGRAL PART OF PRUDENCE

 Article 1. Whether memory is a part of prudence?

 Article 2. Whether understanding* is a part of prudence?

 Article 3. Whether docility should be accounted a part of prudence?

 Article 4. Whether shrewdness is part of prudence?

 Article 5. Whether reason should be reckoned a part of prudence?

 Article 6. Whether foresight* should be accounted a part of prudence?

 Article 7. Whether circumspection can be a part of prudence?

 Article 8. Whether caution should be reckoned a part of prudence?

 Question 50. OF THE SUBJECTIVE PARTS OF PRUDENCE

 Article 1. Whether a species of prudence is regnative?

 Article 2. Whether political prudence is fittingly accounted a part of prudence?

 Article 3. Whether a part of prudence should be reckoned to be domestic?

 Article 4. Whether military prudence should be reckoned a part of prudence?

 Question 51. OF THE VIRTUES WHICH ARE CONNECTED WITH PRUDENCE

 Article 1. Whether {euboulia} (deliberating well) is a virtue?

 Article 2. Whether {euboulia} (deliberating well) is a special virtue, distinct from prudence?

 Article 3. Whether {synesis} (judging well according to common law) is a virtue?

 Article 4. Whether {gnome} (judging well according to general law) is a special virtue?

 Question 52. OF THE GIFT OF COUNSEL

 Article 1. Whether counsel should be reckoned among the gifts of the Holy Ghost?

 Article 2. Whether the gift of counsel corresponds to the virtue of prudence?

 Article 3. Whether the gift of counsel remains in heaven?

 Article 4. Whether the fifth beatitude, which is that of mercy, corresponds to the gift of counsel?

 Question 53. OF IMPRUDENCE

 Article 1. Whether imprudence is a sin?

 Article 2. Whether imprudence is a special sin?

 Article 3. Whether precipitation is a sin included in imprudence?

 Article 4. Whether thoughtlessness is a special sin included in prudence?

 Article 5. Whether inconstancy is a vice contained under prudence?

 Article 6. Whether the aforesaid vices arise from lust?

 Question 54. OF NEGLIGENCE

 Article 1. Whether negligence is a special sin?

 Article 2. Whether negligence is opposed to prudence?

 Article 3. Whether negligence can be a mortal sin?

 Question 55. OF VICES OPPOSED TO PRUDENCE BY WAY OF RESEMBLANCE

 Article 1. Whether prudence of the flesh is a sin?

 Article 2. Whether prudence of the flesh is a mortal sin?

 Article 3. Whether craftiness is a special sin?

 Article 4. Whether guile is a sin pertaining to craftiness?

 Article 5. Whether fraud pertains to craftiness?

 Article 6. Whether it is lawful to be solicitous about temporal matters?

 Article 7. Whether we should be solicitous about the future?

 Article 8. Whether these vices arise from covetousness?

 Question 56. OF THE PRECEPTS RELATING TO PRUDENCE

 Article 1. Whether the precepts of the decalogue should have included a precept of prudence?

 Article 2. Whether the prohibitive precepts relating to the vices opposed to prudence are fittingly propounded in the Old Law?

 Question 57. ON JUSTICE (Questions 57-62) OF RIGHT

 Article 1. Whether right is the object of justice?

 Article 2. Whether right is fittingly divided into natural right and positive right?

 Article 3. Whether the right of nations is the same as the natural right?

 Article 4. Whether paternal right and right of dominion should be distinguished as special species?

 Question 58. OF JUSTICE

 Article 1. Whether justice is fittingly defined as being the perpetual and constant will to render to each one his right?

 Article 2. Whether justice is always towards one another?

 Article 3. Whether justice is a virtue?

 Article 4. Whether justice is in the will as its subject?

 Article 5. Whether justice is a general virtue?

 Article 6. Whether justice, as a general virtue, is essentially the same as all virtue?

 Article 7. Whether there is a particular besides a general justice?

 Article 8. Whether particular justice has a special matter?

 Article 9. Whether justice is about the passions?

 Article 10. Whether the mean of justice is the real mean?

 Article 11. Whether the act of justice is to render to each one his own?

 Article 12. Whether justice stands foremost among all moral virtues?

 Question 59. OF INJUSTICE

 Article 1. Whether injustice is a special virtue?

 Article 2. Whether a man is called unjust through doing an unjust thing?

 Article 3. Whether we can suffer injustice willingly?

 Article 4. Whether whoever does an injustice sins mortally?

 Question 60. OF JUDGMENT

 Article 1. Whether judgment is an act of justice?

 Article 2. Whether it is lawful to judge?

 Article 3. Whether it is unlawful to form a judgment from suspicions?

 Article 4. Whether doubts should be interpreted for the best?

 Article 5. Whether we should always judge according to the written law?

 Article 6. Whether judgment is rendered perverse by being usurped?

 Question 61. OF THE PARTS OF JUSTICE

 Article 1. Whether two species of justice are suitably assigned, viz. commutative and distributive?

 Article 2. Whether the mean is to be observed in the same way in distributive as in commutative justice?

 Article 3. Whether there is a different matter for both kinds of justice?

 Article 4. Whether the just is absolutely the same as retaliation?

 Question 62. OF RESTITUTION

 Article 1. Whether restitution is an act of commutative justice?

 Article 2. Whether restitution of what has been taken away is necessary for salvation?

 Article 3. Whether it suffices to restore the exact amount taken?

 Article 4. Whether a man is bound to restore what he has not taken?

 Article 5. Whether restitution must always be made to the person from whom a thing has been taken?

 Article 6. Whether he that has taken a thing is always bound to restitution?

 Article 7. Whether restitution is binding on those who have not taken?

 Article 8. Whether a man is bound to immediate restitution, or may he put it off?

 Question 63. VICES OPPOSED TO DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE (Question 63) OF RESPECT OF PERSONS

 Article 1. Whether respect of persons is a sin?

 Article 2. Whether respect of persons takes place in the dispensation of spiritual goods?

 Article 3. Whether respect of persons takes place in showing honor and respect?

 Article 4. Whether the sin of respect of persons takes place in judicial sentences?

 Question 64. VICES OPPOSED TO COMMUTATIVE JUSTICE (Questions 64-81) (A) BY DEEDS (Questions 64-66) OF MURDER

 Article 1. Whether it is unlawful to kill any living thing?

 Article 2. Whether it is lawful to kill sinners?

 Article 3. Whether it is lawful for a private individual to kill a man who has sinned?

 Article 4. Whether it is lawful for clerics to kill evil-doers?

 Article 5. Whether it is lawful to kill oneself?

 Article 6. Whether it is lawful to kill the innocent?

 Article 7. Whether it is lawful to kill a man in self-defense?

 Article 8. Whether one is guilty of murder through killing someone by chance?

 Question 65. OF OTHER INJURIES COMMITTED ON THE PERSON

 Article 1. Whether in some cases it may be lawful to maim anyone?

 Article 2. Whether it is lawful for parents to strike their children, or masters their slaves?

 Article 3. Whether it is lawful to imprison a man?

 Article 4. Whether the sin is aggravated by the fact that the aforesaid injuries are perpetrated on those who are connected with others?

 Question 66. OF THEFT AND ROBBERY

 Article 1. Whether it is natural for man to possess external things?

 Article 2. Whether it is lawful for a man to possess a thing as his own?

 Article 3. Whether the essence of theft consists in taking another's thing secretly?

 Article 4. Whether theft and robbery are sins of different species?

 Article 5. Whether theft is always a sin?

 Article 6. Whether theft is a mortal sin?

 Article 7. Whether it is lawful to steal through stress of need?

 Article 8. Whether robbery may be committed without sin?

 Article 9. Whether theft is a more grievous sin than robbery?

 Question 67. (B) BY WORDS UTILIZED IN A COURT OF LAW (Questions 67-71) OF THE INJUSTICE OF A JUDGE, IN JUDGING

 Article 1. Whether a man can justly judge one who is not subject to his jurisdiction?

 Article 2. Whether it is lawful for a judge to pronounce judgment against the truth that he knows, on account of evidence to the contrary?

 Article 3. Whether a judge may condemn a man who is not accused?

 Article 4. Whether the judge can lawfully remit the punishment?

 Question 68. OF MATTERS CONCERNING UNJUST ACCUSATION

 Article 1. Whether a man is bound to accuse?

 Article 2. Whether it is necessary for the accusation to be made in writing?

 Article 3. Whether an accusation is rendered unjust by calumny, collusion or evasion?

 Article 4. Whether an accuser who fails to prove his indictment is bound to the punishment of retaliation?

 Question 69. OF SINS COMMITTED AGAINST JUSTICE ON THE PART OF THE DEFENDANT

 Article 1. Whether one can, without a mortal sin, deny the truth which would lead to one's condemnation?

 Article 2. Whether it is lawful for the accused to defend himself with calumnies?

 Article 3. Whether it is lawful for the accused to escape judgment by appealing?

 Article 4. Whether a man who is condemned to death may lawfully defend himself if he can?

 Question 70. OF INJUSTICE WITH REGARD TO THE PERSON OF THE WITNESS

 Article 1. Whether a man is bound to give evidence?

 Article 2. Whether the evidence of two or three persons suffices?

 Article 3. Whether a man's evidence can be rejected without any fault of his?

 Article 4. Whether it is always a mortal sin to give false evidence?

 Question 71. OF INJUSTICE IN JUDGMENT ON THE PART OF COUNSEL

 Article 1. Whether an advocate is bound to defend the suits of the poor?

 Article 2. Whether it is fitting that the law should debar certain persons from the office of advocate?

 Article 3. Whether an advocate sins by defending an unjust cause?

 Article 4. Whether it is lawful for an advocate to take a fee for pleading?

 Question 72. (C) BY WORDS UTTERED EXTRAJUDICIALLY (Questions 72-76) OF REVILING

 Article 1. Whether reviling consists in words?

 Article 2. Whether reviling or railing is a mortal sin?

 Article 3. Whether one ought to suffer oneself to be reviled?

 Article 4. Whether reviling arises from anger?

 Question 73. OF BACKBITING

 Article 1. Whether backbiting is suitably defined as the blackening of another's character by secret words?

 Article 2. Whether backbiting is a mortal sin?

 Article 3. Whether backbiting is the gravest of all sins committed against one's neighbor?

 Article 4. Whether it is a grave sin for the listener to suffer the backbiter?

 Question 74. OF TALE-BEARING

 Article 1. Whether tale-bearing is a sin distinct from backbiting?

 Article 2. Whether backbiting is a graver sin than tale-bearing?

 Question 75. OF DERISION

 Article 1. Whether derision is a special sin distinct from those already mentioned?

 Article 2. Whether derision can be a mortal sin?

 Question 76. OF CURSING

 Article 1. Whether it is lawful to curse anyone?

 Article 2. Whether it is lawful to curse an irrational creature?

 Article 3. Whether cursing is a mortal sin?

 Article 4. Whether cursing is a graver sin than backbiting?

 Question 77. (D) BY SINS COMMITTED IN BUYING AND SELLING (Question 77) OF CHEATING, WHICH IS COMMITTED IN BUYING AND SELLING

 Article 1. Whether it is lawful to sell a thing for more than its worth?

 Article 2. Whether a sale is rendered unlawful through a fault in the thing sold?

 Article 3. Whether the seller is bound to state the defects of the thing sold?

 Article 4. Whether, in trading, it is lawful to sell a thing at a higher price than what was paid for it?

 Question 78. BY SINS COMMITTED IN LOANS. OF THE SIN OF USURY

 Article 1. Whether it is a sin to take usury for money lent?

 Article 2. Whether it is lawful to ask for any other kind of consideration for money lent?

 Article 3. Whether a man is bound to restore whatever profits he has made out of money gotten by usury?

 Article 4. Whether it is lawful to borrow money under a condition of usury?

 Question 79. OF THE PARTS OF JUSTICE. OF THE QUASI-INTEGRAL PARTS OF JUSTICE

 Article 1. Whether to decline from evil and to do good are parts of justice?

 Article 2. Whether transgression is a special sin?

 Article 3. Whether omission is a special sin?

 Article 4. Whether a sin of omission is more grievous than a sin of transgression?

 Question 80. OF THE POTENTIAL PARTS OF JUSTICE (ONE ARTICLE)

 Article 1. Whether the virtues annexed to justice are suitably enumerated?

 Question 81. OF RELIGION

 Article 1. Whether religion directs man to God alone?

 Article 2. Whether religion is a virtue?

 Article 3. Whether religion is one virtue?

 Article 4. Whether religion is a special virtue, distinct from the others?

 Article 5. Whether religion is a theological virtue?

 Article 6. Whether religion should be preferred to the other moral virtues?

 Article 7. Whether religion has an external act?

 Article 8. Whether religion is the same as sanctity?

 Question 82. INTERIOR ACTS OF RELIGION. OF DEVOTION

 Article 1. Whether devotion is a special act?

 Article 2. Whether devotion is an act of religion?

 Article 3. Whether contemplation or meditation is the cause of devotion?

 Article 4. Whether joy is an effect of devotion?

 Question 83. OF PRAYER

 Article 1. Whether prayer is an act of the appetitive power?

 Article 2. Whether it is becoming to pray?

 Article 3. Whether prayer is an act of religion?

 Article 4. Whether we ought to pray to God alone?

 Article 5. Whether we ought to ask for something definite when we pray?

 Article 6. Whether man ought to ask God for temporal things when he prays?

 Article 7. Whether we ought to pray for others?

 Article 8. Whether we ought to pray for our enemies?

 Article 9. Whether the seven petitions of the Lord's Prayer are fittingly assigned?

 Article 10. Whether prayer is proper to the rational creature?

 Article 11. Whether the saints in heaven pray for us?

 Article 12. Whether prayer should be vocal?

 Article 13. Whether attention is a necessary condition of prayer?

 Article 14. Whether prayer should last a long time?

 Article 15. Whether prayer is meritorious?

 Article 16. Whether sinners impetrate anything from God by their prayers?

 Article 17. Whether the parts of prayer are fittingly described as supplications, prayers, intercessions, and thanksgivings?

 Question 84. EXTERIOR ACTS OF RELIGION (Questions 84-91) THE SERVICE OF THE BODY (Question 84) OF ADORATION

 Article 1. Whether adoration is an act of latria or religion?

 Article 2. Whether adoration denotes an action of the body?

 Article 3. Whether adoration requires a definite place?

 Question 85. SERVICE BY GIFT (Questions 85-87) OF SACRIFICE

 Article 1. Whether offering a sacrifice to God is of the law of nature?

 Article 2. Whether sacrifice should be offered to God alone?

 Article 3. Whether the offering of sacrifice is a special act of virtue?

 Article 4. Whether all are bound to offer sacrifices?

 Question 86. OF OBLATIONS AND FIRST-FRUITS

 Article 1. Whether men are under a necessity of precept to make oblations?

 Article 2. Whether oblations are due to priests alone?

 Article 3. Whether a man may make oblations of whatever he lawfully possesses?

 Article 4. Whether men are bound to pay first-fruits?

 Question 87. OF TITHES

 Article 1. Whether men are bound to pay tithes under a necessity of precept?

 Article 2. Whether men are bound to pay tithes of all things?