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having seen, he recorded and precisely commented. And explaining the times and places and ways and the events of that war, writing history with precision, he also recorded each one of the leaders with how many ships he had arrived. This is also made clear by Homer in the second rhapsody of the Iliad. And when Hector was driving together the camps of the Greeks and killing many, they were compelled to send heralds to Achilles. Therefore, having reluctantly yielded, he sends Patroclus, his dearest companion, to them with the Myrmidons; and he, going out, kills many of the barbarians, and pursues the rest, but at the very gates of the city he is killed by Hector while fighting. Achilles, learning this, and knowing that it was Hector's plan to meet with Queen Penthesilea by night, secretly went ahead with his own army and, hiding himself, kills Hector as he is crossing the river, not only him but also all those following 1.224 him, except for one whose hands he cut off and sent as a messenger to Priam; and he himself, having tied the body of Hector to his chariot, with none of the Greeks knowing, brings it into his own tent before daybreak, having been defiled. But Priam on the next day, putting on mourning attire, and taking gold and silver and costly clothing, and taking also his daughter Polyxena, a comely maiden, and his wife Andromache, and her infant children Astyanax and Laomedon, dared to come into the midst of the leaders of the Greeks, and rolling before them all, he beseeched them to become suppliants with him to Achilles for the ransoming of Hector's body. And indeed Nestor and Idomeneus pitied him, being struck by the old man's daring; who, going before Priam to the tent, prevailed upon Priam to also enter. He, having dust on his head, along with Andromache and the children, falling on their faces to the ground, cried out with loud voices to be pitied. And Polyxena, clinging to Achilles' feet, wailed and supplicated for her brother Hector, promising to remain with him and be his slave, if he would give back the corpse. And those with Nestor deemed it right to pity and have mercy on his old age. And though many words were exchanged on both sides, nevertheless he consented to take the ransom and give up the corpse to his own people. Therefore, taking the gold and the silver and part of the clothing, he bestows the rest on Polyxena. But Priam was beseeching him to leave her also with him; but he promised to do this at another time. But 1.225 Priam, having received both the corpse and all those with him, returned, whom, having mourned sufficiently and cremated as is customary, they bury outside the wall. And while these things concerning Hector were being arranged, behold, Penthesilea the Amazon arrived from the opposite Chersonese, bringing with her multitudes of noble men and Amazons. But learning the things concerning Hector, she tried to return. But Paris persuades her with much gold to remain. Who, after a few days, having armed herself, went onto the field of battle. And having divided her army in two, and having drawn up her archers on her right, and on the left part the hoplite infantry, being more numerous than the cavalry, Penthesilea was in the middle of the cavalry with her standard; and when the battle was then joined, some were killing others, but Achilles, striking with his spear Penthesilea who was fighting fiercely, casts her down from her horse; whom, having dragged by the hair, they drowned in the river Scamander. And the Aiantes in turn routed the citizens; and entering, they closed the gates. And the rest of the Greeks, pursuing, killed those left behind around the wall; but refraining from the Amazons, after the war the army bound and divided them. After these things, many Indians, horsemen and foot-soldiers, and most warlike Phoenicians with their kings, arrived in a naval force, having been summoned by Priam for an alliance. And so great were the multitudes that neither Ilium nor the whole plain could contain them. And all were under Memnon, the king of the Indians, as being the most powerful and

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ἑωρακώς, ὑπέγραψε καὶ ἀκριβῶς ὑπεμνημάτισε. τοὺς δὲ χρόνους καὶ τόπους καὶ τρόπους καὶ τὰ ἐκείνου τοῦ πολέμου διασαφῶν, μετὰ ἀκριβείας ἱστοριογρα φῶν, καὶ καθ' ἕνα τῶν ἀρχόντων μεθ' ὅσων νηῶν παρεγένετο συνέταξε. τοῦτο δὲ καὶ ἐν τῇ δευτέρᾳ τῆς Ἰλιάδος ῥαψῳδίᾳ παρ' Ὁμήρῳ δηλοῦται. τοῦ δὲ Ἕκτορος τὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων στρατόπεδασυνελαύνοντος καὶ πολλοὺς ἀναιροῦντος ἠναγκάσθησαν πρὸς Ἀχιλ λέα διακηρυκεύσασθαι. μόλις οὖν εἴξας Πάτροκλον αὐτοῖς τὸν φίλτατον ἑταῖρον μετὰ τῶν Μυρμιδόνων ἀποστέλλει· καὶ ὃς ἐξελ θὼν πολλοὺς μὲν ἀναιρεῖ τῶν βαρβάρων, τοὺς δὲ διώκει, πρὸς αὐταῖς δὲ πύλαις τῆς πόλεως ὑπὸ Ἕκτορος· κτείνεται μαχόμενος. τοῦτο μαθὼν Ἀχιλλεύς, καὶ γνοὺς ὅτι βουλή ἐστι τῷ Ἕκτορι νυκτὸς τῇ βασιλίδι Πενθεσιλείᾳ ἀπαντῆσαι, λάθρᾳ προφθάσας ἅμα τῷ ἰδίῳ στρατῷ καὶ ἀποκρύψας ἑαυτὸν τὸν ποταμὸν περῶντα Ἕκτορα κτείνει, οὐ μόνον αὐτὸν ἀλλὰ καὶ πάντας τοὺς ἑπομένους 1.224 αὐτῷ, πλὴν ἑνὸς ὃν χειροκοπήσας ἄγγελον ἔπεμψε Πριάμῳ· αὐ τὸς δὲ τὸ σῶμα τοῦ Ἕκτορος δίφρου ἐξηρτηκὼς μηδενὸς τῶν Ἑλλήνων γνόντος εἰς τὴν αὐτοῦ σκηνὴν ἄγει πρὸ ἡμέρας καταικι σθέν. ὁ δὲ Πρίαμος τῇ ἑξῆς σχῆμα πένθιμον περιθέμενος, χρυ σόν τε καὶ ἄργυρον καὶ ἐσθῆτα πολυτελῆ λαβών, λαβὼν δὲ καὶ τὴν θυγατέρα Πολυξένην εὐειδῆ παρθένον καὶ Ἀνδρομάχην γυναῖκα Ἀστυάνακτά τε καὶ Λαομέδοντα νηπίους αὐτῆς παῖδας, ἧκε τολ μήσας εἰς μέσον τῶν ἡγεμόνων τῶν Ἑλλήνων, καὶ πάντας ἱκέτευε προκυλινδούμενος ἱκέτας σὺν αὐτῷ πρὸς Ἀχιλλέα γενέσθαι τοῦ ἀπολυτρώσασθαι τὸ σῶμα τοῦ Ἕκτορος. καί γε ᾠκτείρησαν ἐκ πλαγέντες τὴν τόλμαν τοῦ γέροντος Νέστωρ καὶ Ἰδομενεύς· οἳ καὶ προεσελθόντες Πριάμου εἰς τὴν σκηνὴν ἐδυσώπησαν καὶ Πρίαμον εἰσελθεῖν. ὃς κόνιν κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἔχων ἅμα Ἀνδρομάχῃ καὶ τοῖς παισίν, ἐπὶ πρόσωπον πεσόντες εἰς τοὔδαφος, μεγάλαις κατεβόων οἰκτειρηθῆναι φωναῖς. Πολυξένη δὲ τοῖς Ἀχιλλέως περιπλακεῖσα ποσὶ περὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτῆς Ἕκτορος διωλύγιον ἱκέτευε κεκρα γυῖα, μένειν τε σὺν αὐτῷ καὶ δουλεύειν ἐπαγγελλομένη, εἰ ἀποδῷ τὸν νεκρόν. οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν Νέστορα, οἰκτεῖραι τὸ γῆρας ἠξίουν καὶ ἐλεεῖν. καὶ πολλῶν ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων κινηθέντων λόγων ὅμως ἐπένευσε λύτρα λαβεῖν καὶ τὸν νεκρὸν τοῖς ἰδίοις παραχωρεῖν. τὸν χρυσὸν οὖν καὶ τὸν ἄργυρον καὶ τοῦ ἱματισμοῦ μέρος λαβὼν τἆλλα χαρίζεται τῇ Πολυξένῃ. Πρίαμος δὲ καὶ αὐτὴν παρ' αὐτῷ κατε λιπάρει λιπεῖν· ὁ δὲ εἰς ἄλλον τοῦτο δρᾶν ὑπέσχετο καιρόν. ὁ δέ 1.225 γε Πρίαμος καὶ τὸν νεκρὸν καὶ τοὺς σὺν αὐτῷ πάντας ἐπανῄει λαχών, ὃν ἀποχρώντως πενθήσαντες καὶ ὡς θέμις τεφρώσαντες ἔξω τοῦ τείχους καταθάπτουσιν. ἐν ὅσῳ δὲ ταῦτα περὶ τὸν Ἕκτορα διῳκονόμηται, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἡ Ἀμαζὼν Πενθεσίλεια ἐκ Χερρονήσου τῆς ἀντιπέρας πλήθη γενναίων ἀνδρῶν καὶ Ἀμαζονίδων ἧκεν ἐπα γομένη. γνοῦσα δὲ τὰ κατὰ τὸν Ἕκτορα ὑποστρέφειν ἐπειρᾶτο. Πάρις δὲ ταύτην πολλῷ χρυσῷ μεῖναι πείθει. ἣ μετ' ὀλίγας ἡμέ ρας ὁπλισαμένη ἐπὶ τὸ πολεμικὸν δάπεδον εἰσῄει. διχῇ δὲ τὸν αὐτῆς διελοῦσα στρατόν, καὶ ἐν δεξιᾷ μὲν αὐτῆς τοὺς τοξότας, τῷ λαιῷ δὲ μέρει τοὺς ὁπλίτας πεζούς, πλείους τῶν ἱππέων ὄντας, ἐκτάξασα ἡ Πενθεσίλεια μέσον τῶν ἱππέων ἦν ἐν τῷ σίγνῳ· καὶ πολέμου λοιπὸν κροτηθέντος ἄλλοι μὲν ἄλλους ἀπεκτίννυον, Ἀχιλ λεὺς δὲ τὴν Πενθεσίλειαν δόρατι πικρῶς μαχομένην κρούσας τοῦ ἵππου καταβάλλει· ἣν τῆς κόμης ἑλκύσαντες τῷ Σκαμάνδρῳ ἐναπ έπνιξαν ποταμῷ. τοὺς πολίτας δ' αὖ ἔτρεψαν οἱ Αἴαντες· καὶ εἰσελθόντες ἔκλεισαν τὰς πύλας. οἱ λοιποὶ δὲ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τοὺς περιλειφθέντας περὶ τὸ τεῖχος ἀπεκτίννυσαν ἐπιδιώκοντες· τῶν Ἀμαζόνων δὲ ἀποσχόμενοι, μετὰ τὸν πόλεμον ὁ στρατὸς ταύτας δεσμεύσας ἐμερίσατο. μετὰ ταῦτα Ἰνδοὶ πολλοὶ ἔφιπποι καὶ πεζοὶ καὶ Φοίνικες μαχιμώτατοι μετὰ τῶν βασιλέων αὐτῶν ἐν ναυτικῷ στόλῳ παρεγένοντο, ὑπὸ Πριάμου προσκληθέντες εἰς συμμαχίαν. καὶ τοσοῦτοι τὰ πλήθη ἦσαν ὡς μήτε τὸ Ἴλιον μήθ' ὅλον τὸ δάπε δον αὐτοὺς χωρεῖν. πάντες δὲ ὑπὸ Μέμνονος τοῦ τῶν Ἰνδῶν βα σιλέως, ὡς δυνατωτάτου καὶ