Homily LXXXI.

John xvii. 6

“I have manifested Thy Name unto the men which Thou gavest Me out of the world; Thine they were, and Thou gavest them Me, and they have kept Thy word.”

[1.] “‘ Messenger’ of great counsel” ( Isa. ix. 6 , LXX.), the Son of God is called, because of the other things which He taught, and principally because He announced the Father to men, as also now He saith, “I have manifested Thy Name unto the men.” For after having said, “I have finished Thy work,” He next explaineth it in detail, telling what sort of work. Now the Name indeed was well known. For Esaias said, “Ye shall swear2318   [ὁ μοῦνται] LXX. by the true God.” ( Isa. lxv. 16.) But what I have often told you I tell you now, that though it was known, yet it was so only to Jews, and not to all of these: but now He speaketh concerning the Gentiles. Nor doth He declare this merely, but also that they knew Him as the Father. For it is not the same thing to learn that He is Creator, and that He hath a Son. But He “manifested His2319   i.e. the Father’s. Name” both by words and actions.

“Whom Thou gavest Me out of the world.” As He saith above, “No man cometh unto Me except it be given him” ( c. vi. 65 ); and, “Except My Father2320   “The Father which hath sent Me,” &c., N.T. draw him” ( c. vi. 64 ); so here too, “Whom thou gavest Me.” ( c. xiv. 6.) Now He calleth Himself “the Way”; whence it is clear that He establisheth two things by what is said here, that He is not opposed to the Father, and that it is the Father’s will to entrust them to the Son.

“Thine they were, and Thou gavest them Me.” Here He desireth to teach2321   βούλεται διδάξαι, Ben. and mss. Savile omits βούλεται that He is greatly loved by the Father. For that He needed not to receive them, is clear from this, He made them, He careth for them continually. How then did He receive them? This, as I said before, showeth His unanimity with the Father. Now if a man choose to enquire into the matter in a human manner, and as the words are spoken, they2322   i.e. those given. will no longer belong to the Father. For if when the Father had them, the Son had them not, it is evident that when He gave them to the Son, He withdrew from His dominion over them. And again, there is a yet more unseemly conclusion; for they will be found to have been imperfect while they yet were with the Father, but to have become perfect when they came to the Son. But it is mockery even to speak thus. What then doth He declare by this? 2323   al. “by these words then He declareth.” “That it hath seemed good to the Father also that they should believe on the Son.”

“And they have kept Thy word.”

Ver. 7. “Now they have known that all things whatsoever Thou hast given Me are of Thee.”

How did they “keep Thy word”? “By believing in Me, and giving no heed to the Jews. For he that believeth in Him, it saith, ‘hath set to his seal that God is true.’” ( c. iii. 33.) Some read, “Now I know that all things whatsoever Thou hast given Me are of Thee.” But this would have no reason; for how would the Son be ignorant of the things of the Father? No the words are spoken of the disciples. “From the time,” He saith, “that I told them these things, they have learnt that all that Thou hast given Me is from Thee; nothing is alien, nothing peculiar to Me, with Thee.”2324   παρὰ σοί, i.e. in the Godhead, or with God. However, one Vatican ms. and Catena favor Savile’s conjecture, παρά σε, “beside Thee,” since the Father is in a peculiar manner His own. (For whatever is peculiar, puts most things in the condition of being alien.2325   τὸ γὰρ ἴδιον ὡς ἐπ̓ ἀλλοτρίῳ τὰ πολλὰ τίθησι, i.e. when one thing is specified as peculiar to a person, it is implied that other things not specified do not belong to him. “They therefore have known that all things, whatsoever I teach, are Thy doctrines and teachings.” “And whence have they learnt it?” From My words;2326    Ver. 8. “For I have given unto them the words which Thou gavest Me; and they have received them, and have known surely that I came out from thee, and they have believed that Thou didst send Me.” for so have I taught them. And not only this have I taught them, but also that “I came out from Thee.” For this He was anxious to prove through all the Gospel.

Ver. 9. “I pray for them.”2327    Ver. 9. “I pray for them; I pray not for the world, but for them which Thou hast given Me; for they are Thine.”

“What sayest Thou?” “Dost Thou teach the Father, as though He were ignorant? Dost Thou speak to Him as to a man who knoweth not?” “What then meaneth this distinction?” Seest thou that the prayer is for nothing else than that they may understand the love which He hath towards them? For He who not only giveth what He hath of His own, but also calleth on Another to do the same, showeth greater love. What then is, “I pray for them”? “Not for all the world,” He saith, but “for them whom Thou hast given Me.” He continually putteth the “hast given,” that they might learn that this seemeth good to the Father. Then, because He had said continually, “they are Thine,” and, “Thou gavest them unto Me,” to remove any evil suspicion, and lest any one should think that His authority was recent, and that He had but now received them, what saith He?

[2.] Ver. 10. “All Mine are Thine, and Thine are Mine; and I am glorified in them.”

Seest thou the equality of honor? For lest on hearing, “Thou hast given them Me,” thou shouldest deem that they were alienated from the authority of the Father, or before this from that of the Son, He removed both difficulties by speaking as He did. It was as though He said, “Do not when thou hearest that ‘Thou hast given them to Me,’ deem that they are alienated from the Father, for what is Mine is His; nor when thou hearest, ‘Thine they were,’ think that they were aliens from Me, for what is His is Mine.” So that the, “Thou hast given,” is said only for condescension; for what the Father hath is the Son’s, and what the Son hath is the Father’s. But this cannot even be said of a son after the manner of man, but because They2328   i.e. the Father and the Son. are upon a greater Equality of honor.2329   μείζονός εἰσιν ἰσοτιμίας. If this be the right reading, the sense is, that the Father and the Son are more Equal in honor than human father and son. Sav. reads μεῖζον. Ben. μείζονός ἐστιν, omitting ἰ σ For that what belongs to the less, belongs to the greater also, is clear to every one, but the reverse not so; but here He converteth2330   ἀ ντιστρέφει these terms, and the conversion declares2331   al. “shows.” Equality. And in another place, declaring this, He said, “All things that the Father hath are Mine,” speaking of knowledge. And the “hast given Me,” and the like expressions, are to show that He did not come as an alien and draw them to Him, but received them as His own. Then He putteth the cause and the proof, saying, “And I am glorified in them,” that is, either that “I have power over them,” or, that “they shall glorify Me, believing in Thee and Me, and shall glorify Us alike.” But if He is not glorified equally in them, what is the Father’s is no longer His. For no one is glorified in those over whom he hath no authority. Yet how is He glorified equally? All die for Him equally as for the Father; they preach Him as they do the Father; and as they say that all things are done in His Name, so also in the Name of the Son.

Ver. 11. “And now I am no more in the world, but these are in the world.”2332   “in the world, and I come to Thee. Holy Father, keep through Thine own Name those whom Thou hast given Me, that they may be one as we are.” N.T.

That is, “Although I appear no longer in the flesh, yet by these am I glorified.” But why doth He say continuously, that, “I am not in the world”; and that, “because I leave them I commit them to Thee”; and that, “when I was in the world I kept them”? for if one should take these words in their simple sense, many absurdities will follow. For how could it be reasonable to say, that He is no longer in the world, and that when He departeth He committeth them to another? since these are the words of a mere man parting from them forever. Seest thou how He speaketh for the most part like a man, and in a way adapted to their state of mind, because they thought that they had a greater degree of safety from His presence? Wherefore He saith, “While I was with them, I kept them.” ( c. xiv. 28.) Yet He telleth them, “I come to you”; and, “I am with you till the end.” ( Matt. xxviii. 20.) How then2333   al. “how now.” saith He these words, as if about to be parted from them? He addresseth Himself, as I said before, to their thoughts,2334   Ben. “suspicion.” that they may take breath a little when they hear Him speaking thus, and delivering them over to the care of the Father. For since, after hearing many exhortations from Him, they were not persuaded, He then holdeth converse with the Father, manifesting His affection for them. As though He had said, “Since Thou callest Me to Thyself, place these in safety; for I come to Thee.” “What sayest Thou? Art Thou not able to keep them?” “Yea, I am able.” “Wherefore then speakest Thou thus?” “That they may have My joy fulfilled”2335   “to Thee, and these things I speak in the world, that they might have My joy fulfilled in themselves.” N.T. ( ver. 13 ); that is, “may not be confounded, as being imperfect.” And by these words He showed that He had spoken all these things so, to give them rest and joy. For the saying appears to be contradictory. “Now I am no longer in the world, and these are in the world.” This was what they were suspecting. For a while therefore He condescendeth to them, because had He said, “I keep them,” they would not have so well believed; wherefore He saith, “Holy Father, keep them through Thine own Name”; that is, “by thy help.”

Ver. 12. “While I was with them in the world, I kept them in Thy Name.”

Again He speaketh as a man and as a Prophet, since nowhere doth He appear to have done anything by the Name of God.

“Those that Thou gavest Me I have kept, and none of them is lost, but the son of perdition, that the Scripture might be fulfilled.”

And in another place He saith, “Of all that Thou gavest Me, I will surely lose nothing.”2336   “which He hath given,” N.T. ( c. vi. 39.) Yet not only was he2337   i.e. the traitor. lost, but also many afterwards; how then saith He, “I will in nowise lose”?2338   οὐ μὴ ἀπ “For My part, I will not lose.” So in another place, declaring the matter was more clearly, He said, “I will in nowise cast out.” ( c. vi. 37.) “Not through fault of Mine, not because I either instigate or abandon them; but if they start away of themselves, I draw them not by necessity.”

Ver. 13. “But now I come to thee.”

Seest thou that the discourse is composed rather in a human manner? So that should any wish from these words to lower the Son, he will lower the Father also. Observe, in proof of this, how from the beginning He speaketh2339   Ben. “is.” partly as though informing and explaining to Him, partly as enjoining. Informing, as when He saith, “I pray not for the world”; enjoining, as, “I have kept them until now,” “and none of them is lost”; and, “do Thou therefore now keep them,” He saith. And again, “Thine they were, and Thou hast given them unto Me” and “While I was in the world I kept them.” But the solution of all is, that the words were addressed to their infirmity.

But after having said that “none of them was lost but the son of perdition,” He added, “that the Scripture might be fulfilled.” Of what Scripture doth He speak? That which foretelleth many things concerning Him. Not that He perished on that account, in order that the Scripture might be fulfilled. But we have before spoken at length on this point, that this is the peculiar manner of Scripture, which puts things which fall out in accordance with it, as though they were caused by it.2340   ὡ ς αἰτιολογίαν τιθεμένης τὰ ἐκ τῆς ἐκβάσεως συμβαίνοντα And it is needful to enquire exactly into all, both the manner of the speaker, his argument, and the laws of Scripture, if at least we are minded not to draw wrong conclusions. For, “Brethren, be not children in your minds.” ( 1 Cor. xiv. 20.)

[3.] This it is necessary to consider well,2341   or, “to read (and understand),” ἀ ναγινώσκειν not only for the understanding the Scriptures, but also for earnestness in one’s way of life. For so little children do not desire great things, but are wont to admire those which are worth nothing; they are pleased at seeing chariots, and horses, and the muleteer, and wheels, all made out of earthenware; but if they see a king sitting upon a chariot, and a pair of white mules, and great magnificence, they do not even2342   Ben. “not at all.” turn their heads. And they deck out as brides dolls made of the same material, but the actual brides, real and beautiful, they do not even notice; and this is their case in many other matters. Now this many men also undergo at this time; for when they hear of heavenly things, they do not even give heed to them, but toward all the things of clay they are as eager as children, and stupidly admire the wealth which is of earth, and honor the glory and luxury of the present life. Yet these are just as much toys as those; but the other are the causes of life, and glory, and repose. But as children deprived of their playthings cry, and do not know how even to desire the realities, so also are many of those who seem to be men. Wherefore it saith, “Be not children in your minds.” ( 1 Cor. xiv. 20.) Desirest thou riches, tell me, and desirest thou not the wealth that lasteth, but childish toys? If thou shouldest see a man admiring a leaden coin, and stooping to pick it up, thou wouldest pronounce his penury to be extreme; and dost thou, who collectest more worthless things than this, number thyself among the rich? How can this consist with reason? We will call him rich who despises all present things. For no one, no one will choose to laugh at these little things, silver and gold, and other things of show, unless he have the desire of greater things; just as the man would not despise the leaden coin,2343   al. “the lead.” unless he possessed coins of gold. Do thou, therefore, when thou seest a man running by all worldly things, deem that he doth so from no other motive than because he looks to a greater world. So the husbandman despises a few grains of wheat, when he expects a larger harvest. But if, when the hope is uncertain, we despise things which are, much more ought we to do so in a case where the expectation is sure. Wherefore I pray and beseech you not to bring loss on yourselves, nor, keeping hold of mire, rob yourselves of the treasures which are above, bringing your vessel to port laden with straw and chaff. Let each say what he will concerning us, let him be angry at our continual admonitions, let him call us silly, tedious, tiresome, still we will not desist from exhorting you on these matters continually, and from continually repeating to you that of the Prophet, “‘Break off thy sins by almsgiving, and thine iniquities by showing mercy to the poor’ ( Dan. iv. 27 ), and bind them upon thy neck.”2344   not found in the Chald. or LXX. Do not act in this way to-day, and desist to-morrow. For even this body has need of daily food; and so too hath the soul, or rather that much more; and if it give not,2345   κἂν μἡ καταβάλῃ. One ms. καταλάβῃ, “if it get it not.” it becomes weaker and more vile. Let us then not neglect it when it is perishing, choking. Many wounds it receives each day, by being lustful, angry, slothful, reviling, revengeful, envious. It is therefore necessary to prepare also remedies for it, and no small remedy is that of almsgiving, which can be placed on every wound. For, “Give alms,” it saith, “of such things as ye have, and behold all things are clean unto you.” ( Luke xi. 41 .) “Alms,” not covetousness, for that which proceeds from covetousness endures not, though thou give to those who need. For almsgiving is that which is free from all injustice, “this” makes all things clean. This is a thing better even than fasting, or lying on the ground; they may be more painful and laborious, but this more profitable. It enlightens the soul, makes it sleek,2346   λιπαίνει beautiful, and vigorous. Not so doth the fruit of the olive hold up the athletes, as this oil recovers the combatants of piety. Let us then anoint our hands, that we may lift them up well against our adversary. He that practiceth showing mercy to him that needeth, will soon cease from covetousness, he who continues in giving to the poor, will soon cease from anger, and will never even be high-minded. For as the physician continually tending wounded persons is easily sobered, beholding human nature in the calamities of others; so we, if we enter upon the work of aiding the poor, shall easily become truly wise, and shall not admire riches, nor deem present things any great matter, but despise them all, and soaring aloft to heaven, shall easily obtain the eternal blessings, through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ; to whom, with the Father and the Holy Ghost, be glory for ever and ever. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΠΑʹ. Ἐφανέρωσά σου τὸ ὄνομα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, οὓς ἔδω κάς μοι ἐκ κόσμου. Σοὶ ἦσαν, καὶ ἐμοὶ αὐτοὺς ἔδωκας, καὶ τὸν λόγον σου τετηρήκασι. αʹ. Μεγάλης βουλῆς Ἄγγελος λέγεται ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, τῶν τε ἄλλων ἕνεκεν ὧν ἐδίδαξε, καὶ προηγουμένως ὅτι τὸν Πατέρα εἰς ἀνθρώπους κατήγγειλε: ὅπερ οὖν καὶ νῦν φησιν: Ἐφανέρωσά σου τὸ ὄνομα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις. Εἰπὼν γὰρ, ὅτι Ἐτελείωσά σου τὸ ἔργον, ἐπεξηγεῖται πάλιν αὐτὸ, λέγων ποῖον ἔργον. Καὶ μὴν δῆλον ἦν τὸ ὄνομα. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ Ἡσαΐας φησίν: Ὀμεῖσθε τὸν Θεὸν τὸν ἀληθινόν. Ἀλλ' ὃ πολλάκις εἶπον, τοῦτο καὶ νῦν λέγω, ὅτι εἰ καὶ δῆλον ἦν, ἀλλ' Ἰουδαίοις, καὶ οὐδὲ τούτοις πᾶσι: νυνὶ δὲ περὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν φησι. Καὶ οὐ τοῦτο μόνον δηλοῖ, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ Πατέρα αὐτὸν ἔγνωσαν. Οὐκ ἔστι δὲ ὅμοιον μαθεῖν, ὅτι δημιουργός ἐστι, καὶ ὅτι Υἱὸν ἔχει. Ἐφανέρωσε δὲ αὐτοῦ τὸ ὄνομα καὶ διὰ λόγων, καὶ διὰ πραγμάτων. Οὓς ἔδωκάς μοι ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου. Ὥσπερ ἀνωτέρω φησίν: Οὐδεὶς ἔρχεται πρός με, ἐὰν μὴ ᾖ δεδομένον αὐτῷ: καὶ, Ἐὰν μὴ ἑλκύσῃ αὐτὸν ὁ Πατήρ μου: οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα, Οὓς ἔδωκάς μοι. Καὶ μὴν αὐτός φησιν ὁδὸν εἶναι ἑαυτόν. Ὅθεν δῆλον, ὅτι δύο ἐνταῦθα κατασκευάζει διὰ τῶν εἰρημένων, ὅτι τε οὐκ ἐναντίος τῷ Πατρὶ, καὶ ὅτι βούλημα αὐτοῦ τὸ πιστεῦσαι αὐτοὺς τῷ Υἱῷ. Σοὶ ἦσαν, καὶ ἐμοὶ αὐτοὺς δέδωκας. Ἐνταῦθα βούλεται διδάξαι σφόδρα ἀγαπώμενον παρὰ τοῦ Πατρός. Ἐπεὶ ὅτι γε οὐκ ἐδεήθη τοῦ λαβεῖν αὐτοὺς, δῆλον ἐκεῖθεν: αὐτὸς αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐποίησεν, αὐτὸς αὐτῶν προνοεῖ διηνεκῶς. Πῶς οὖν αὐτοὺς ἔλαβεν; Ἀλλ' ὅπερ ἔφην, τοῦτο δηλοῖ τὴν πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα ὁμόνοιαν. Εἰ δὲ ἀνθρωπίνως τις βούλοιτο αὐτὸ ἐξετάζειν, καὶ οὕτως ὡς εἴρηται, οὐκέτι ἔσονται τοῦ Πατρός. Εἰ γὰρ ὅτε ὁ Πατὴρ αὐτοὺς εἶχεν, οὐκ εἶχεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Υἱὸς, εὔδηλον ὅτι καὶ ὅτε ἔδωκεν αὐτοὺς τῷ Υἱῷ, αὐτὸς ἀπέστη τῆς δεσποτείας: καὶ τὸ ἀτοπώτερον πάλιν. Εὑρεθήσονται γὰρ, ἡνίκα μὲν ἦσαν παρὰ τῷ Πατρὶ, ἀτελεῖς ὄντες: ὅτε δὲ πρὸς τὸν Υἱὸν ἦλθον, τότε γινόμενοι τέλειοι. Ἀλλὰ γέλως ταῦτα καὶ εἰπεῖν. Τί οὖν διὰ τούτου δηλοῖ; Ὅτι καὶ αὐτῷ δέδοκτο τὸ πιστεύειν αὐτοὺς τῷ Υἱῷ. Καὶ τὸν λόγον σου τετηρήκασι, καὶ νῦν ἔγνωσαν ὅτι πάντα, ἃ ἔδωκάς μοι, παρὰ σοῦ ἦσαν. Πῶς τὸν λόγον σου ἐτήρησαν; Τῷ ἐμοὶ πιστεῦσαι καὶ μὴ προσέχειν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις. Ὁ γὰρ πιστεύων αὐτῷ, φησὶν, Ἐσφράγισεν ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς ἀληθής ἐστι. Τινὲς μὲν γὰρ λέγουσιν, ὅτι Νῦν ἔγνων ὅτι πάντα, ὅσα δέδωκάς μοι, παρὰ σοῦ ἐστιν: ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν ἔχοι τοῦτο λόγον. Πῶς γὰρ ἔμελλεν ἀγνοεῖν ὁ Υἱὸς τὰ τοῦ Πατρός; Ἀλλὰ περὶ τῶν μαθητῶν εἴρηται. Ἐξ οὗ γὰρ αὐτὰ εἶπον, φησὶν, ἔμαθον ὅτι πάντα ὅσα ἔδωκάς μοι, παρὰ σοῦ ἐστιν: οὐδὲν ἀλλότριον, οὐδὲν ἴδιον ἐμοὶ παρὰ σοί. Τὸ γὰρ ἴδιον ὡς ἐπ' ἀλλοτρίῳ τὰ πολλὰ τίθησιν. Ἔγνωσαν οὖν ὅτι πάντα, ὅσα ἂν διδάξω, σά ἐστι καὶ διδάγματα καὶ δόγματα. Καὶ πόθεν ἔμαθον; Ἀπὸ τῶν ῥημάτων τῶν ἐμῶν: οὕτω γὰρ καὶ ἐδίδασκον. Καὶ οὐ τοῦτο μόνον, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ Παρὰ σοῦ ἐξῆλθον: τοῦτο γὰρ διὰ παντὸς ἐσπούδασε κατασκευάσαι Εὐαγγελίου. Ἐγὼ περὶ αὐτῶν ἐρωτῶ. Τί λέγεις; ὡς ἀγνοοῦντα τὸν Πατέρα διδάσκεις; ὡς πρὸς ἄνθρωπον οὐκ εἰδότα διαλέγῃ; Τί οὖν βούλεται αὕτη ἡ διαίρεσις; Ὁρᾷς ὅτι δι' οὐδὲν ἕτερον ἡ εὐχὴ γίνεται, ἀλλ' ἵνα μάθωσι τὴν ἀγάπην, ἣν ἔχει εἰς αὐτούς; Ὁ γὰρ μὴ μόνον τὰ παρ' αὐτοῦ παρασχὼν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἕτερον ἐπὶ τοῦτο παρακαλῶν, πλείονα δείκνυσι τὸν πόθον. Τί οὖν ἐστι, Περὶ τούτων ἐρωτῶ; Οὐχ ὑπὲρ παντὸς τοῦ κόσμου, φησὶν, ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ ὧν ἔδωκάς μοι. Συνεχῶς τίθησι τὸ, Ἔδωκας, ἵνα μάθωσιν, ὅτι τῷ Πατρὶ τοῦτο δοκεῖ. Εἶτα ἐπειδὴ συνεχῶς εἶπε, Σοί εἰσι, καὶ σύ μοι αὐτοὺς ἔδωκας, ἀναιρῶν τὴν πονηρὰν ὑποψίαν, ἵνα μή τις νομίσῃ πρόσφατον αὐτοῦ εἶναι τὴν ἀρχὴν, καὶ νῦν αὐτοὺς εἰληφέναι, τί φησι; Τὰ ἐμὰ πάντα σά ἐστι, καὶ τὰ σὰ ἐμὰ, καὶ δεδόξασμαι ἐν αὐτοῖς. Εἶδες ἰσοτιμίαν; Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ, ἀκούων, ὅτι Ἔδωκάς μοι, νομίσῃς αὐτοὺς ἀλλοτριοῦσθαι τῆς τοῦ Πατρὸς ἐξουσίας, ἢ πρὸ τούτου τῆς τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ἀμφότερα ἀνεῖλεν, εἰπὼν ἅπερ εἶπεν: ὡσανεὶ ἔλεγε: Μήτε ἀκούων, ὅτι Ἐμοὶ αὐτοὺς ἔδωκας, νομίσῃς αὐτοὺς ἀλλοτρίους εἶναι τοῦ Πατρὰς (τὰ γὰρ ἐμὰ, αὐτοῦ ἐστι): μήτε ἀκούων, ὅτι Σοὶ ἦσαν, νομίσῃς ἀλλοτρίους αὐτοὺς εἶναι ἐμοῦ: τὰ γὰρ αὐτοῦ, ἐμά ἐστιν. Ὥστε τὸ, Ἔδωκας, συγκαταβάσεως μόνης ἕνεκεν εἴρηται. Ἅπερ γὰρ ὁ Πατὴρ ἔχει, τοῦ Υἱοῦ ἐστι: καὶ ἅπερ ὁ Υἱὸς ἔχει, τοῦ Πατρός. Τοῦτο δὲ οὐδὲ ἐπὶ Υἱοῦ κατὰ ἄνθρωπον δύναται λέγεσθαι, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ μείζονός ἐστιν. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ ἐλάττονος, ὅτι τοῦ μείζονός ἐστι, παντί που δῆλον: τὸ δὲ ἔμπαλιν, οὐκέτι. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ ἀντιστρέφει, ἡ δὲ ἀντιστροφὴ τὴν ἰσότητα δηλοῖ. Τοῦτο καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ δηλῶν ἔλεγε: Πάντα τὰ τοῦ Πατρός μου, ἐμά ἐστι, περὶ γνώσεως διαλεγόμενος: τὸ δὲ, Ἔδωκάς μοι, καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα, ἵνα δείξῃ, ὅτι οὐχ ὡς ἀλλότριος ἐλθὼν αὐτοὺς ἐπεσπάσατο, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἰδίους ἔλαβεν. Εἶτα καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν τίθησι καὶ ἀπόδειξιν, λέγων: Καὶ δεδόξασμαι ἐν αὐτοῖς: τουτέστιν, Ἢ ὅτι ἐξουσίαν αὐτῶν ἔχω, ἢ ὅτι δοξάσουσιν ἐμὲ, σοὶ πιστεύοντες καὶ ἐμοὶ, καὶ δοξάσουσιν ὁμοίως. Εἰ δὲ οὐχ ὁμοίως δεδόξασται ἐν αὐτοῖς, οὐκέτι αὐτοῦ ἐστι τὰ ἐκείνου. Οὐδεὶς γὰρ ἐν οἷς οὐκ ἔχει ἐξουσίαν δοξάζεται. βʹ. Πῶς δὲ δεδόξασται ὁμοίως; Ἅπαντες ὁμοίως ἀποθνήσκουσιν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ, ὡς καὶ ὑπὲρ τοῦ Πατρὸς, καὶ κηρύσσουσιν, ὥσπερ καὶ τὸν Πατέρα: καὶ ὥσπερ ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ λέγουσι πάντα γίνεσθαι, οὕτω καὶ ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Υἱοῦ. Καὶ οὐκέτι εἰμὶ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ, καὶ οὗτοι ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ εἰσί. Τουτέστι, Κἂν μὴ φαίνωμαι κατὰ σάρκα, διὰ τούτων δοξάζομαι. Τί δήποτε δὲ συνεχῶς λέγει, ὅτι Ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ οὐκ εἰμί: καὶ ὅτι, Ἐπειδὴ ἀφίημι αὐτοὺς, σοὶ αὐτοὺς παρατίθεμαι: καὶ, Ὅτε ἤμην ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ, ἐγὼ τετήρηκα αὐτούς; Εἰ γὰρ ταῦτα ἁπλῶς ἐκλάβοι τις, πολλὰ ἕψεται τὰ ἄτοπα. Πῶς γὰρ ἂν ἔχοι λόγον, τὸ μὴ εἶναι αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ, καὶ ὅτε ἄπεισιν, ἑτέρῳ αὐτοὺς παρακαταθέσθαι; Ταῦτα γὰρ ὡς ἀνθρώπου ψιλοῦ χωριζομένου αὐτῶν διηνεκῶς ἦν ῥήματα. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι ἀνθρωπίνως τὰ πλεῖστα διαλέγεται, καὶ πρὸς τὴν αὐτῶν διάνοιαν, νομιζόντων ὅτι πλείονά τινα εἶχον ἀσφάλειαν ἀπὸ τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ; Διό φησιν. Ὅτε ἐγὼ ἤμην, ἐτήρουν αὐτούς. Καὶ μὴν λέγει, ὅτι Ἔρχομαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς, καὶ, Μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰμι ἕως τῆς συντελείας. Πῶς νῦν, ὡς χωρίζεσθαι μέλλων, ταῦτα λέγει; Ἀλλ' ὅπερ ἔφην, πρὸς τὴν ἐκείνων ὑπόνοιαν, ἵνα μικρὸν ἀναπνεύσωσιν, ἀκούοντες αὐτοῦ ταῦτα λέγοντος καὶ παρακατατιθεμένου τῷ Πατρί. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πολλὰς παρ' αὐτοῦ παρακλήσεις ἀκούοντες οὐκ ἐπείσθησαν, λοιπὸν τῷ Πατρὶ διαλέγεται, τὴν εἰς αὐτοὺς στοργὴν ἐπιδεικνύμενος: ὡσανεὶ ἔλεγεν: Ἐπειδὴ πρὸς ἑαυτόν με συγκαλεῖς, κατάστησον αὐτοὺς ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ. Ἐγὼ γὰρ πρὸς σὲ ἔρχομαι. Τί λέγεις; καὶ οὐ δύνασαι τηρεῖν αὐτούς; Ναὶ, δύναμαι. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν ταῦτα λέγεις; Ἵνα ἔχωσι τὴν χαρὰν τὴν ἐμὴν πεπληρωμένην: τουτέστιν, Ἵνα μὴ θορυβῶνται ἀτελέστεροι ὄντες. Ταῦτα δὲ εἰπὼν, ἐδήλωσεν ὅτι διὰ τὴν ἐκείνων ἀνάπαυσιν καὶ τὴν χαρὰν πάντα ταῦτα οὕτως ἔλεγεν: ἐπεὶ δοκεῖ ἐναντίος ὁ λόγος εἶναι. Νῦν δὲ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ, καὶ οὗτοι ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ εἰσί. Τοῦτο γὰρ ὑπώπτευον ἐκεῖνοι: τέως οὖν αὐτοῖς συγκαταβαίνει. Εἰ γὰρ εἶπεν, ὅτι Ἐγὼ τηρῶ αὐτοὺς, οὐκ ἂν οὕτως ἐπίστευσαν: διόπερ φησί: Πάτερ ἅγιε, τήρησον αὐτοὺς ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι σου: τουτέστι, Διὰ τῆς σῆς βοηθείας. Ὅτε ἤμην ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ, ἐγὼ αὐτοὺς ἐτήρουν ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σου Πάλιν ὡς ἄνθρωπος διαλέγεται καὶ ὡς προφήτης: ἐπεὶ οὐδαμοῦ φαίνεται οὐδὲν ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Θεοῦ πεποιηκώς. Οὓς ἔδωκάς μοι, ἐφύλαξα, καὶ οὐδεὶς ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀπώλετο, εἰ μὴ ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας, ἵνα ἡ Γραφὴ πληρωθῇ. Καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ φησι: Πᾶν ὃ ἔδωκάς μοι, οὐ μὴ ἀπολέσω ἐξ αὐτοῦ. Καίτοι οὐκ ἐκεῖνος ἀπώλετο μόνος, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλοὶ ὕστερον. Πῶς οὖν φησιν, Οὐ μὴ ἀπολέσω; Τὸ ἐμὸν μέρος, οὐ μὴ ἀπολέσω: ὅπερ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ σαφέστερον δηλῶν ἔλεγεν: Οὐ μὴ ἐκβάλω αὐτὸν ἔξω: οὐ παρὰ τὴν ἐμὴν αἰτίαν, οὐδὲ ἐμοῦ ὠθοῦντος, οὐδὲ ἐγκαταλιμπάνοντος. Εἰ δὲ ἀφ' ἑαυτῶν ἀποπηδῶσι, πρὸς ἀνάγκην οὐχ ἕλκω Νῦν δὲ πρὸς σὲ ἔρχομαι. Ὁρᾷς ἀνθρωπινώτερον συγκειμένην τὴν διάλεξιν; Ὥστε εἴ τις βούλοιτο ἐλαττοῦν τὸν Υἱὸν ἀπὸ τούτων, ἐλαττώσει καὶ τὸν Πατέρα. Ὅρα γοῦν ἐξ ἀρχῆς, τὸ μὲν ὡς διδάσκων ἐστὶ καὶ σαφηνίζων αὐτῷ, τὸ δὲ ὡς παραγγέλλων: τὰ μὲν ὡς διδάσκων, ὡς ὅταν λέγῃ: Οὐ περὶ τοῦ κόσμου ἐρωτῶ: τὰ δὲ ὡς παραγγέλλων: Ἐγὼ ἐτήρησα αὐτοὺς ἕως ἄρτι, Καὶ οὐδεὶς ἀπώλετο: καὶ, Σὺ τοίνυν τήρησον αὐτοὺς, φησί: καὶ πάλιν: Σοὶ ἦσαν, καὶ ἐμοὶ αὐτοὺς ἔδωκας: καὶ, Ὅτε ἤμην ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ, ἐτήρουν αὐτούς. Ἀλλὰ πάντων ἡ λύσις, τὸ πρὸς τὴν ἀσθένειαν αὐτῶν εἰρῆσθαι τὰ εἰρημένα. Εἰπὼν δὲ, ὅτι Οὐδεὶς ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀπώλετο, εἰ μὴ ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας, ἐπήγαγεν: Ἵνα ἡ Γραφὴ πληρωθῇ. Ποίαν γραφήν φησι; Τὴν πολλὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ προλέγουσαν. Οὐ μὴν διὰ τοῦτο ἀπώλετο, ἵνα ἡ Γραφὴ πληρωθῇ. Καὶ περὶ τούτου πολλὰ καὶ ἔμπροσθεν διελέχθημεν, ὅτι ἰδιάζων οὗτος τῆς Γραφῆς ἐστιν ὁ τρόπος, ὡς αἰτιολογίαν τιθεμένης τὰ ἐκ τῆς ἐκβάσεως συμβαίνοντα. Καὶ δεῖ πάντα μετὰ ἀκριβείας ἐξετάζειν, καὶ τὸν τρόπον τοῦ λέγοντος, καὶ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, καὶ τοὺς νόμους τοὺς τῆς Γραφῆς, εἴ γε μὴ μέλλοιμεν παραλογίζεσθαι: Ἀδελφοὶ γὰρ, μὴ παιδία γίνεσθε ταῖς φρεσί. γʹ. Τοῦτο δὲ οὐχ ὑπὲρ τῆς τῶν Γραφῶν κατανοήσεως ἀναγινώσκειν χρὴ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὲρ τῆς περὶ τὸν βίον σπουδῆς. Καὶ γὰρ οἱ παῖδες οἱ μικροὶ τῶν μὲν μεγάλων οὐκ ἐφίενται, τὰ δὲ μηδενὸς ἄξια θαυμάζειν εἰώθασι. Καὶ γὰρ ὀχήματα, καὶ ἵππους, καὶ τὸν ὀρεωκόμον, καὶ τοὺς τροχοὺς, πάντα ἐξ ὀστράκου πεποιημένα χαίρουσι βλέποντες: ἂν δὲ βασιλέα καθήμενον ἐπ' ὀχήματος ἴδωσι χρυσοῦ, καὶ ἡμιόνων ζεῦγος λευκῶν, καὶ πολὺν τὸν κόσμον, οὐδὲ ἐπιστρέφονται. Καὶ νύμφας πάλιν ἀπὸ μὲν τῆς αὐτῆς ὕλης λαβόντες πεποιημένας, καλλωπίζουσι: τὰς δὲ ὄντως ἀληθεῖς καὶ λαμπούσας, οὐδὲ ἴσασι: καὶ ἐπὶ πολλῶν ἑτέρων τὸ αὐτὸ πάσχουσι. Τοῦτο πολλοὶ καὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὑπομένουσι νῦν. Τὰ μὲν γὰρ τῶν οὐρανῶν ἀκούοντες, οὐδὲ προσέχουσι: πρὸς δὲ τὰ πήλινα πάντα ὁμοίως τοῖς παισίν εἰσιν ἐπτοημένοι, καὶ τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς πλοῦτον τεθήπασι, καὶ δόξαν καὶ τρυφὴν ἐν τῷ παρόντι βίῳ τιμῶσι: καίτοι αὐτὰ μὲν ἔστι παιδικὰ ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνα: ἐκεῖνα δὲ ζωῆς καὶ δόξης καὶ ἀνέσεως αἴτια. Ἀλλ' ὥσπερ οἱ παῖδες τούτων μὲν ἀποστερούμενοι κλαίουσιν, ἐκείνων δὲ οὐδὲ γενέσθαι ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ ἴσασιν: οὕτω δὴ καὶ τῶν ἀνδρῶν εἶναι δοκούντων πολλοί. Διὰ τοῦτό φησι: Μὴ παιδία γίνεσθε ταῖς φρεσί. Χρημάτων ἐρᾷς, εἰπέ μοι, καὶ οὐκ ἐρᾷς πλούτου τοῦ μένοντος, ἀλλὰ ἀθυρμάτων παιδικῶν; εἶτα ἂν μέν τινα ἴδῃς θαυμάζοντα μολύβδου νόμισμα, καὶ κατακύπτοντα ὥστε ἀνελέσθαι, καὶ καταγνώσῃ πολλὴν αὐτοῦ τὴν πενίαν: σὺ δὲ τὰ τούτων εὐτελέστερα συνάγων, ἐν τοῖς πλουτοῦσι σαυτὸν ἀριθμεῖς; καὶ πῶς ἂν ἔχοι τοῦτο λόγον; Πλούσιον γὰρ ἐκεῖνον εἶναι φήσομεν, τὸν ὑπερορῶντα τῶν παρόντων ἁπάντων. Οὐδεὶς γὰρ, οὐδεὶς τῶν μικρῶν τούτων, ἀργύρου καὶ χρυσοῦ καὶ τῆς ἄλλης φαντασίας αἱρήσεται καταγελάσαι, ἂν μὴ τῶν μειζόνων τὸν πόθον ἔχῃ, ὥσπερ οὖν οὐδὲ τοῦ μολυβδίνου νομίσματος, ἂν μὴ χρυσᾶ νομίσματα κεκτημένος ᾖ. Καὶ σὺ τοίνυν, ὅταν ἴδῃς ἄνθρωπον πάντα τὸν κόσμον παρατρέχοντα, μηδαμόθεν ἄλλοθεν νόμιζε τοῦτο ποιεῖν, ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ πρὸς μείζονα βλέπειν κόσμον. Οὕτω καὶ γεωργὸς τῶν ὀλίγων πυρῶν καταφρονεῖ, ὅταν μείζονα προσδοκήσῃ τὸν ἀμητόν. Εἰ δὲ ἀδήλου τῆς ἐλπίδος οὔσης, τῶν ὄντων καταφρονοῦμεν: πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τῆς βεβαίας προσδοκίας τοῦτο δεῖ ποιεῖν. Διὸ δὴ δέομαι καὶ παρακαλῶ, μὴ ζημιοῦν ἑαυτοὺς, μηδὲ βόρβορον κατέχοντας ἀποστερεῖν ἑαυτοὺς τῶν ἄνωθεν θησαυρῶν, μετὰ καλάμης καὶ ἀχύρου τὸ πλοῖον εἰς τοὺς λιμένας ἄγοντας. Ὃ βούλεταί τις λεγέτω περὶ ἡμῶν, δυσχεραινέτω πρὸς τὸ συνεχὲς τῆς παραινέσεως, φλυάρους καλείτω, προσκορεῖς, ἐπαχθεῖς: οὐκ ἀποστησόμεθα συνεχῶς ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν παραινοῦντες, καὶ συνεχῶς ἐκεῖνο τὸ τοῦ προφήτου πᾶσιν ὑποφωνοῦντες ὑμῖν: Τὰς ἁμαρτίας σου ἐν ἐλεημοσύναις λύτρωσαι, καὶ τὰς ἀνομίας σου ἐν οἰκτιρμοῖς πενήτων, καὶ ἄφαψαι αὐτὰς ἐπὶ σῷ τραχήλῳ. Μὴ σήμερον μὲν ποιήσῃς, αὔριον δὲ ἀποστῇς. Καὶ γὰρ τὸ σῶμα τοῦτο καθημερινῆς δεῖται τροφῆς. Οὕτω καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ, καὶ πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐκείνη: κἂν μὴ καταβάλῃ, ἀσθενεστέρα γίνεται καὶ αἰσχροτέρα. Μὴ δὴ περιίδωμεν ἀπολλυμένην, ἀγχομένην. Πολλὰ λαμβάνει καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν τραύματα, ἐπιθυμοῦσα, ὀργιζομένη, ῥᾳθυμοῦσα, λοιδορουμένη, ἀμυνομένη, βασκαίνουσα. Δεῖ τοίνυν αὐτῇ καὶ φάρμακα κατασκευάζειν. Οὐ μικρὸν δὲ τὸ τῆς ἐλεημοσύνης φάρμακον, πᾶσι τοῖς τραύμασιν ἐπιτεθῆναι δυνάμενον. Δότε γὰρ ἐλεημοσύνην, φησὶ, καὶ πάντα ὑμῖν ἔσται καθαρά: ἐλεημοσύνην, μὴ πλεονεξίαν: τὰ γὰρ ἐκ πλεονεξίας οὐ μένει, κἂν τοῖς δεομένοις δῷς. Ἐλεημοσύνη γὰρ, ἡ πάσης ἀπηλλαγμένη ἀδικίας ἐστίν: αὕτη πάντα ποιεῖ καθαρά. Τοῦτο καὶ νηστείας βέλτιον καὶ χαμευνίας. Καίτοι γε ἐκεῖνα μοχθηρότερα καὶ ἐπιπονώτερα, ἀλλ' αὕτη κερδαλεωτέρα: φωτίζει ψυχὴν, λιπαίνει, καλὴν καὶ ὡραίαν ποιεῖ. Οὐχ οὕτω τοὺς ἀθλητὰς ὁ τῆς ἐλαίας καρπὸς ἀνέχει, ὡς τοὺς ἀγωνιστὰς τῆς εὐσεβείας τουτὶ τὸ ἔλαιον ἀνακτᾶται. Ἀλείφωμεν τοίνυν τὰς χεῖρας, ἵνα πρὸς τὸν ἀντίπαλον ἀντάρωμεν καλῶς. Ὁ μελετῶν ἐλεεῖν τὸν δεόμενον, ταχέως καὶ τοῦ πλεονεκτεῖν ἀποστήσεται Ὁ διατελῶν ἐν τῷ διδόναι πένησι, ταχέως καὶ ὀργῆς ἀποστήσεται, καὶ οὐδὲ μέγα φρονήσει ποτέ. Καθάπερ γὰρ τοὺς τετραυματισμένους συνεχῶς θεραπεύων ἰατρὸς, συστέλλεται ῥᾳδίως, ἐν ταῖς ἑτέρων συμφοραῖς τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην καθορῶν φύσιν: οὕτω καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐὰν ταῖς τῶν πενήτων συνεισέλθωμεν ἐπικουρίαις, φιλοσοφήσομεν εὐκόλως, καὶ οὐ θαυμασόμεθα πλοῦτον, οὐδὲ μέγα τι τὰ παρόντα ἡγησόμεθα, ἀλλὰ καταφρονήσομεν πάντων, καὶ μετάρσιοι γενόμενοι πρὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν, εὐκόλως ἐπιτευξόμεθα τῶν αἰωνίων ἀγαθῶν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἡ δόξα, ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.