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he has learned division from the philosophers outside. For the divine Scripture says that man consists of soul and body. For God, it says, "made man from the dust of the earth, and breathed into his face the breath of life, and man became a living soul." And the Lord in the holy Gospels said to the apostles: "Do not fear those who kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul." The dogmas of the heretics, therefore, have such great conflict with each other. But these men, striving to surpass Apollinaris, and indeed Arius and Eunomius in impiety, have now attempted to plant the heresy formerly sown by Valentinus and Bardesanes, and then pulled up by the roots by the best husbandmen. For similarly to them they denied that the body of the Lord had been assumed from our nature. But the Church, following in the apostolic footsteps, perceives both perfect divinity and perfect humanity in the Lord Christ. For just as he took a body, not needing a body, but securing for all bodies immortality through it, so also did he take a soul that governs the body, so that every soul might partake of immutability through it. For even if souls are immortal, yet they are not immutable. For they undergo many and sudden changes, now pleased with these things, now with those. For which reason indeed we also sin by turning aside, and admitting the inclination to what is worse. But after the resurrection, bodies enjoy immortality and incorruptibility, and souls enjoy impassibility and immutability. For this very reason the only-begotten Son of God, taking both a body and a soul, kept them free from every blemish, and offered the sacrifice on behalf of the race. For on this account indeed he was also named our high priest; but he is called high priest not as God, but as man. And he himself offers as man, but receives the sacrifice with the Father and the Holy Spirit as God. For if the body of Adam alone had sinned, it alone ought to have received the healing. But since the soul not only sinned along with it, but also sinned beforehand—for thought first delineates the sin, and then carries it out through the body—it was surely just that this too should obtain the cure. But perhaps it is superfluous to make the proofs of this from reasoning, when the divine Scripture clearly proclaims this. For both the divine David and the most divine Peter explicitly teach this, the one prophesying from afar, the other interpreting the prophecy. But the first of the apostles says thus: "David, being a prophet, and knowing that God had sworn an oath to him that from the fruit of his loins he would raise up the Christ according to the flesh to sit on his throne, he, foreseeing this, spoke about his resurrection, 'that his soul was not abandoned to Hades, nor did his flesh see corruption'." And he taught us many things at the same time through these few words. First, that the assumed nature derives its lineage from the loins of David; then, that he took not only a body, but also an immortal soul; and in addition to these, that he handed these over to death, which, having taken, he raised again as he willed. For his is the voice: "Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up." And we have also learned that the divine nature is immortal. For the passible suffered, and the impassible remained impassible. For God the Word became man, not in order to render the impassible nature passible, but in order to bestow impassibility upon the passible nature through suffering. And the Lord himself in the holy Gospels at one time says: "I have power to lay down my soul, and I have power to take it again. No one takes it from me; I lay it down of myself, that I may take it again," and at another: "For this reason the Father loves me,"

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διαίρεσιν παρὰ τῶν ἔξω μεμάθηκε φιλοσόφων. Ἡ γὰρ θεία Γραφὴ ἐκ ψυχῆς λέγει καὶ σώματος συνεστάναι τὸν ἄνθρω πον. Ἐποίησε γάρ, φησίν, ὁ Θεὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον χοῦν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, καὶ ἐνεφύσησεν εἰς τὸ πρόσωπον αὐ τοῦ πνοὴν ζωῆς, καὶ ἐγένετο ὁ ἄνθρωπος εἰς ψυ χὴν ζῶσαν . Καὶ ὁ Κύριος ἐν τοῖς ἱεροῖς Εὐαγγελίοις τοῖς ἀποστόλοις ἔφη· Μὴ φοβεῖσθε ἀπὸ τῶν ἀποκτεινόντων τὸ σῶμα, τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν μὴ δυναμένων ἀποκτεῖναι . Τὰ μὲν οὖν τῶν αἱρετικῶν δόγματα τοσαύτην ἔχει πρὸς ἄλληλα διαμάχην. Οὗτοι δὲ τὸν Ἀπολινάριον, καὶ μέντοι καὶ Ἄρειον καὶ Εὐνόμιον ὑπερβῆναι τῇ ἀσεβείᾳ φιλονεικήσαντες, τὴν ὑπὸ Βαλεντίνου καὶ Βαρδησάνου πάλαι σπαρεῖσαν αἵρεσιν, εἶτα πρόρριζον ὑπὸ τῶν ἀρίστων ἀνασπασθεῖσαν γεωργῶν, φυτεῦσαι νῦν ἐπειράθησαν. Παραπλησίως γὰρ ἐκείνοις ἠρνή θησαν τὸ ἐκ τῆς ἡμετέρας φύσεως προσειλῆφθαι τοῦ ∆εσπό του τὸ σῶμα. Ἡ δὲ Ἐκκλησία, τοῖς ἀποστολικοῖς ἴχνεσιν ἑπομένη, καὶ θεότητα τελείαν, καὶ ἀνθρωπότητα τελείαν ἐν τῷ ∆εσπότῃ Χριστῷ θεωρεῖ. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἔλαβε σῶμα, οὐ δεόμενος σώματος, ἀλλὰ πᾶσι τοῖς σώμασι δι' ἐκείνου τὴν ἀθανασίαν πραγματευόμενος οὕτω δὴ καὶ ψυχὴν ἔλαβε τὴν κυβερνῶσαν τὸ σῶμα, ἵνα πᾶσα ψυχὴ διὰ ταύτης μετάσχῃ τῆς ἀτρεπτότητος. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ ἀθάνατοί εἰσιν αἱ ψυχαί, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἄτρεπτοι. Πολλὰς γὰρ καὶ ἀγχιστρόφους μεταβολὰς ὑπομέ νουσι, νῦν μὲν τούτοις ἀρεσκόμεναι, νῦν δὲ ἐκείνοις. Οὗ δὴ χάριν καὶ πλημμελοῦμεν ἐκτρεπόμενοι, καὶ τὴν ἐπὶ τὰ χείρω ῥοπὴν εἰσδεχόμενοι. Μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἀνάστασιν, ἀπολαύει μὲν ἀθανασίας καὶ ἀφθαρσίας τὰ σώματα, ἀπολαύουσι δὲ ἀπαθείας καὶ ἀτρεπτότητος αἱ ψυχαί. ∆ιά τοι τοῦτο καὶ σῶμα λαβὼν καὶ ψυχὴν ὁ μονογενὴς Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, μώμου ταῦτα παντὸς ἐλεύθερα διεφύλαξε, καὶ τὴν ὑπὲρ τοῦ γένους θυσίαν προσή νεγκεν. ∆ιὰ γὰρ δὴ τοῦτο καὶ ἀρχιερεὺς ἡμῶν ἐχρημάτισεν· ἀρχιερεὺς δὲ οὐχ ὡς Θεός, ἀλλ' ὡς ἄνθρωπος κέκληται. Καὶ αὐτὸς προσφέρει μὲν ὡς ἄνθρωπος, δέχεται δὲ τὴν θυσίαν μετὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος ὡς Θεός. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ Ἀδὰμ τὸ σῶμα μόνον ἐξήμαρτεν, ἔδει τοῦτο μόνον ἀπο λαῦσαι τῆς θεραπείας. Ἐπεὶ δὲ οὐ μόνον συνήμαρτεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ προήμαρτεν ἡ ψυχὴ-πρότερος γὰρ ὁ λογισμὸς διαγράφει τὴν ἁμαρτίαν, εἶθ' οὕτως ταύτην διὰ τοῦ σώματος ἐνεργεῖ-· δίκαιον ἦν δήπου καὶ ταύτην τῆς ἰατρείας τυχεῖν. Ἀλλὰ γὰρ παρέλκον ἴσως ἐκ λογισμῶν ποιεῖσθαι τούτου τὰς ἀποδείξεις, τῆς θείας σαφῶς τοῦτο κηρυττούσης Γραφῆς. Καὶ γὰρ ∆αβὶδ ὁ θεσπέσιος καὶ ὁ θειότατος Πέτρος διαρρήδην τοῦτο διδά σκουσιν, ὁ μὲν πόρρωθεν προθεσπίζων, ὁ δὲ τὴν πρόρρησιν ἑρμηνεύων. Φησὶ δὲ οὕτω τῶν ἀποστόλων ὁ πρῶτος· Προφή της ὑπάρχων ὁ ∆αβίδ, καὶ εἰδὼς ὅτι ὅρκῳ ὤμοσεν αὐτῷ ὁ Θεὸς ἐκ καρποῦ τῆς ὀσφύος αὐτοῦ ἀναστή σειν κατὰ σάρκα τὸν Χριστόν, καθίσαι ἐπὶ τοῦ θρό νου αὐτοῦ, προειδὼς ἐλάλησε περὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ, ὅτι οὐκ ἐγκατελείφθη εἰς ᾅδου ἡ ψυχὴ αὐ τοῦ, οὐδὲ ἡ σὰρξ αὐτοῦ εἶδεν διαφθοράν . Πολλὰ δὲ κατὰ ταὐτὸν ἡμᾶς διὰ τῶν ὀλίγων τούτων ἐξεπαί δευσε λόγων. Πρῶτον μὲν ὡς ἡ ληφθεῖσα φύσις ἐκ τῆς ὀσφύος τοῦ ∆αβὶδ κατάγει τὸ γένος· ἔπειτα δὲ ὅτι οὐ σῶμα μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ψυχὴν ἀθάνατον ἔλαβε· καὶ πρὸς τούτοις, ὅτι ταῦτα τῷ θανάτῳ παραδέδωκεν, ἃ λαβὼν πάλιν ἀνέστησεν ὡς ἠθέλη σεν. Αὐτοῦ γάρ ἐστιν ἡ φωνή· Λύσατε τὸν ναὸν τοῦ τον, καὶ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερῶ αὐτόν . Μεμαθήκα μεν δὲ καὶ ὡς ἡ θεία φύσις ἀθάνατος. Πέπονθε γὰρ τὸ παθητόν, καὶ τὸ ἀπαθὲς μεμένηκεν ἀπαθές. Ἐνηνθρώπησε γὰρ ὁ Θεὸς Λόγος, οὐχ ἵνα παθητὴν ἀποφήνῃ τὴν ἀπαθῆ φύσιν, ἀλλ' ἵνα τῇ παθητῇ φύσει διὰ τοῦ πάθους τὴν ἀπάθειαν δωρήσηται. Καὶ αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ Κύριος ἐν τοῖς ἱεροῖς Εὐαγγελίοις νῦν μέν φησιν· Ἐξουσίαν ἔχω θεῖναι τὴν ψυχήν μου, καὶ ἐξουσίαν ἔχω πάλιν λαβεῖν αὐτήν. Οὐδεὶς αἵρει αὐτὴν ἀπ' ἐμοῦ· ἐγὼ τίθημι αὐτὴν ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ, ἵνα πάλιν λάβω αὐτὴν , νῦν δέ· ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ὁ Πατήρ με ἀγαπᾷ,