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were upon the walls round about. But also Medes were guards in your towers; they hung their quivers upon your shoulders round about; these perfected your beauty. Having recounted the differences of the woods, the varieties of clothing, the sailors and pilots, the counselors showing what must be done, the merchants arriving from all quarters, he also enumerates the military list, drawn from different nations and taught in the ways of the city: of Persians, and Lydians, and Libyans, and Aradians, and Medes. And he tells the kinds of armor: quivers, and bucklers, and helmets. A pelte is a small shield, which light-armed troops carry in wars; and those who dance the Pyrrhic dance also use it. 12. Carthaginians, your merchants, from the abundance of all your power, gave silver, and gold, and bronze, and iron, and tin, and lead for your market. Carthage (which is the metropolis of what was formerly called Libya, but now Africa), both the Syrian and the Hebrew call Tarshish; and through the metropolis he indicated the trade brought from the whole nation of the materials mined there. 13. All Greece, and the regions bordering it, traded in you with the souls of men, and they gave bronze vessels for your market. Slaves, he says, and bronze vessels were brought to you from Greece and the neighboring regions. 14. From the house of Togarmah they gave horses, and horsemen, and mules for your market. And horses, he says, and their riders, and mules, Phrygia sent to you; for thus they interpret the house of Togarmah. 15. The sons of the Rhodians, your merchants from the islands, multiplied your trade with horns and elephant tusks. Symmachus translated horns as ebony, from which the things called ebony-works are made. These, he says, the Rhodians, sailing across the sea, brought to you, and they supplied your need of them. And for the imports you gave in return your wages: (10.) The men of your trade from the multitude of your mixed population. And receiving all these things, he says, you gave in return to those who brought them slaves, having very many resident aliens; for he called "mixed population" those who came from other 81.1081 nations, but chose to live with them. "Stacte, and purple, and embroidered work, and fine linen from Tarshish, and Raamoth, and Choth they gave for your market." You had, in addition to what has already been said, also other goods from Carthage, not only adorning you with clothing, and wrapping you in embroidered garments, but also spices bringing you great fragrance. For he calls stacte the so-called balsam; and Choth, onycha; and Raamoth, the other spices. 17. Judah and Israel, these were your merchants in the sale of wheat, and of perfumes, and cassia; and they gave the best honey, and oil, and resin to your mixed population. For so great, he says, was the abundance brought to you from the Judaean trade, that those with you, and the foreigners and resident aliens in you, enjoyed the imported goods, using some for food, and others for the luxury of their fragrance. 18. Damascus was your trade in the multitude of your works, from the multitude of all your power. The things made by you, he says, Damascus bought; you therefore traded with it also, selling your surplus, and gathering gold from there. Rich wine from Helbon, and shining wool from Miletus. (19.) And wine of Dedan, and Javan, and Meuzel they gave for your market. - He calls Ioanan Ionia; and Dedan a city of Idumaea; and Helbon was a certain village near it. From all quarters, he says, goods were brought to you: sweet and fragrant wine from this nation, and the most beautiful wool from Miletus; and this is a city formerly of Ionia, but now of Caria; and Symmachus translated Helbon as Chalbane. From Asel wrought iron, and wheels are in your mixed population. (20, 21.) Dedan, your merchants with choice beasts for chariots. Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar, these were merchants by your hands; camels,

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ἐπὶ τῶν τειχῶν κύκλῳ ἦσαν. Ἀλλὰ καὶ Μῆδοι ἐν τοῖς πύργοις σου ἦσαν φύλακες· τὰς φαρέτρας αὑτῶν ἐκρέμασαν ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων σου κύκλῳ· οὗτοι ἐτελείωσάν σου τὸ κάλλος. ∆ιηγησάμενος τὰς τῶν ξύλων διαφορὰς, τῆς ἐσθῆτος τὰς ποικιλίας, τοὺς ναύτας καὶ κυβερ νήτας, τοὺς τὸ πρακτέον ὑποδεικνύντας συμβούλους, τοὺς πανταχόθεν ἀφικνουμένους ἐμπόρους, ἀπαρι θμεῖται καὶ τὸν στρατιωτικὸν κατάλογον, ἐξ ἐθνῶν μὲν διαφόρων καὶ τὰ πολιτικὰ δεδιδαγμένων ὁρμώ μενον, Περσῶν, καὶ Λυδῶν, καὶ Λιβύων, Ἀραδίων τε, καὶ Μήδων. Λέγει δὲ καὶ τῆς πανοπλίας τὰ εἴδη, φαρέτρας, καὶ πέλτας, καὶ περικεφαλαίας. Πέλτη δέ ἐστιν ἡ μικρὰ ἀσπὶς, ἣν οἱ γυμνῆται ἐν τοῖς πολέ μοις ἐπιφέρονται· ταύτῃ δὲ χρῶνται καὶ οἱ τὴν πυῤῥίχην παίζοντες. ιβʹ. Καρχηδόνιοι ἔμποροί σου ἀπὸ πλήθους πά σης δυνάμεώς σου, ἀργύριον, καὶ χρυσίον, καὶ χαλκὸν, καὶ σίδηρον, καὶ κασσίτερον, καὶ μόλιβδον ἔδωκαν τὴν ἀγοράν σου. Τὴν Καρχη δόνα (μητρόπολις δέ ἐστι τῆς πάλαι μὲν Λιβύης, νῦν δὲ Ἀφρικῆς ὀνομαζομένης), καὶ ὁ Σύρος καὶ ὁ Ἑβραῖος Θαρσὶς ὀνομάζει· διὰ δὲ τῆς μητροπόλεως τὴν ἐκ παντὸς τοῦ ἔθνους προσφερομένην τῶν ἐκεῖ μεταλ λευομένων ὑλῶν ἐμπορίαν ἐδήλωσεν. ιγʹ. Ἡ Ἑλλὰς πᾶσα, καὶ τὰ παρατείνοντα αὐτῇ, ἐνεπορεύοντο ἐν σοὶ ἐν ψυχαῖς ἀνθρώ πων, καὶ σκεύη χαλκᾶ ἔδωκαν τὴν ἀγοράν σου. Ἀνδράποδα, φησὶ, καὶ σκεύη χαλκᾶ, ἀπὸ τῆς Ἑλλάδος καὶ τῶν πλησιοχώρων ἐκομίζετό σοι. ιδʹ. Ἐξ οἴκου Θογορμᾶ ἵππους, καὶ ἱππεῖς, καὶ ἡμιόνους ἔδωκαν τὴν ἀγοράν σου. Ἵππους δὲ, φησὶ, καὶ τοὺς τούτων ἐπιβάτας, καὶ ἡμιόνους, ἡ Φρυγία σοι ἔπεμπεν· οὕτω γὰρ ἑρμηνεύουσι τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θογορμᾶ ιεʹ. Υἱοὶ Ῥοδίων ἔμποροί σου ἀπὸ νήσων ἐπλήθυναν τὴν ἐμπορίαν σου, κέρατα καὶ ὀδόν τας ἐλεφαντίνους. Τὰ κέρατα ὁ Σύμμαχος ἐβένους ἡρμήνευσεν, ἀφ' ὧν τὰ ἐβένια καλούμενα γίνεται. Ταῦτα, φησὶν, οἱ Ῥόδιοι τὴν θάλατταν διαπλέοντες ἐκόμιζόν σοι, καὶ τὴν τούτων ἀνεπλήρουν σοι χρείαν. Καὶ τοῖς εἰσαγομένοις ἀντεδίδους τοὺς μι σθούς σου· (ιʹ.) Ἀνθρώπους ἐμπορίας σου ἀπὸ πλήθους τοῦ συμμίκτου σου. Ταῦτα δὲ, φησὶν, ἅπαντα ὑποδεχομένη, σὺ ἀντεδίδους τοῖς κο μίζουσιν ἀνδράποδα, μετοίκους ἔχουσα πλείστους· τούτους γὰρ συμμίκτους ἐκάλεσε, τοὺς ἐξ ἑτέρων 81.1081 μὲν ἐθνῶν ὁρμωμένους, σὺν αὐτοῖς δὲ οἰκεῖν αἱρου μένους. "Στακτὴν, καὶ πορφύραν, καὶ ποικίλματα, καὶ βύσσον ἐκ Θαρσὶς, καὶ Ῥααμὼθ, καὶ Χὼθ ἔδωκαν τὴν ἀγοράν σου." Εἶχες δὲ πρὸς τοῖς ἤδη εἰρημένοις καὶ ἕτερα ἀπὸ τῆς Καρχηδόνος ἀγαθὰ, οὐ μόνον σε διὰ τῆς ἐσθῆτος καλλωπίζοντα, καὶ ποι κίλοις ἐνδύμασί σε περιβάλλοντα, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡδύσματα πολλήν σοι τὴν εὐοσμίαν προσφέροντα. Στακτὴν μὲν γὰρ, ὀνομάζει τὸ καλούμενον βάλσαμον· Χὼθ δὲ τὸν ὄνυχα· Ῥααμὼθ δὲ τὰ ἄλλα ἀρώματα. ιζʹ. Ἰούδας καὶ Ἰσραὴλ οὗτοι ἔμποροί σου ἐν σίτου πράσει, καὶ μύρων, καὶ κασίας· καὶ πρῶτον μέλι, καὶ ἔλαιον, καὶ ῥητίνην ἔδωκαν εἰς τὸν σύμμικτόν σου. Τοσαύτη γὰρ, φησὶν, ἡ ἐκ τῆς Ἰουδαϊκῆς ἐμπορίας προσφερομένη σοι ἀφθονία, ὅτι οἱ σὺν σοὶ, καὶ οἱ ἐν σοὶ ξένοι καὶ μέτοικοι τῶν εἰσφερομένων ἀπήλαυον ἀγαθῶν, τοῖς μὲν εἰς ἐδω δὴν χρώμενοι, τοῖς δὲ εἰς τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς εὐοσμίας τρυ φήν. ιηʹ. ∆αμασκὸς ἐμπορία σου ἐν πλήθει ἔργων σου, ἐκ πλήθους δυνάμεώς σου πάσης. Τὰ παρὰ σοὶ, φησὶ, γινόμενα ἡ ∆αμασκὸς ὠνεῖτο· ἐνεπορεύου τοίνυν καὶ ταύτην, ἀπεμπωλοῦσα τὰ πε ριττὰ, καὶ τὸ ἐντεῦθεν χρυσίον συλλέγουσα. Οἶνος λιπαρὸς ἐκ Χελβὼν, καὶ ἔριον στιλβὸν ἐκ Μιλήτου. (ιθʹ.) Καὶ οἶνον ∆αιδὰν, καὶ Ἰω ανὰν, καὶ Μεωζὲλ εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν σου ἔδωκαν. - Ἰωανὰν τὴν Ἰωνίαν καλεῖ· ∆αιδὰν δὲ πόλιν τῆς Ἰδουμαίας· ἡ δὲ Χελβὼν κώμη τις ἦν αὐτῆς πλησιόχωρος. Πανταχόθεν σοι, φησὶ, προσεφέρετο τὰ ἀγαθά· οἶνος ἡδὺς καὶ ἀνθοσμίας ἐκ τοῦδε τοῦ ἔθνους, τὸ δὲ κάλλιστον ἔριον ἀπὸ τῆς Μιλήτου· πόλις δὲ καὶ αὕτη πάλαι μὲν τῆς Ἰωνίας, νῦν δὲ τῆς Καρίας· τὸ δὲ Χελβὼν Χαλβάνην ὁ Σύμμαχος ἡρμή νευσε. Ἐξ Ἀσὴλ σίδηρος εἰργασμένος, καὶ τροχοὶ ἐν τῷ συμμίκτῳ σού εἰσι. (κʹ, καʹ.) ∆αιδὰν ἔμποροί σου μετὰ κτηνῶν ἐκλεκτῶν εἰς ἅρ ματα. Ἡ Ἀραβία, καὶ πάντες οἱ ἄρχοντες Κηδὰρ, οὗτοι ἔμποροι διὰ χειρῶν σου· καμή λους,