Homily LXXXVI.

John xx. 10, 11

“Then the disciples went away again unto their own home. But Mary stood without at the sepulcher, weeping.”

[1.] Full of feeling somehow is the female sex, and more2526   i.e. more than men. inclined to pity. I say this, lest thou shouldest wonder how it could be that Mary wept bitterly at the tomb, while Peter was in no way so affected. For, “The disciples,” it saith, “went away unto their own home”; but she stood shedding tears. Because hers was a feeble nature, and she as yet knew not accurately the account of the Resurrection; whereas they having seen the linen clothes and believed, departed to their own homes in astonishment. And wherefore went they not straightway to Galilee, as had been commanded them before the Passion? They waited for the others, perhaps, and besides they were yet at the height of their amazement. These then went their way: but she stood at the place, for, as I have said, even the sight of the tomb tended greatly to comfort her. At any rate, thou seest her, the more to ease her grief, stooping down,2527    Ver. 11 , latter part. “And as she wept, she stooped down, and looked into the sepulcher.” N.T. and desiring to behold the place where the body lay. And therefore she received no small reward for this her great zeal. For what the disciples saw not, this saw the woman first, Angels2528    Ver. 12. “And seeth two Angels in white sitting, the one at the head, and the other at the feet, where the body of Jesus had lain.” N.T. sitting, the one at the feet, the other at the head, in white; even the dress2529   or, and the appearance, τὸ σχῆμα was full of much radiance2530   φαιδρότητος and joy. Since the mind of the woman was not sufficiently elevated to accept the Resurrection from the proof of the napkins, something more takes place, she beholdeth something more; Angels sitting in shining garments, so as to raise her thus awhile from her passionate sorrow, and to comfort her. But they said nothing to her concerning the Resurrection, yet is she gently led forward in this doctrine. She saw countenances bright and unusual; she saw shining garments, she heard a sympathizing voice. For what saith (the Angel)?

Ver. 13. “Woman, why weepest thou?”

By all these circumstances, as though a door was being opened for her, she was led by little and little to the knowledge of the Resurrection. And the manner of their sitting invited her to question them, for they showed that they knew what had taken place; on which account they did not sit together either, but apart from one another. For because it was not likely that she would dare at once to question them, both by questioning her, and by the manner of their sitting, they bring her to converse. What then saith she? She speaks very warmly and affectionately;

“They2531   “because they,” N.T. have taken away my Lord, and I know not where they have laid Him.”

“What sayest thou? Knowest thou not yet anything concerning the Resurrection, but dost thou still form fancies about His being laid2532   θέσιν ?” Seest thou how she had not yet received the sublime doctrine?

Ver. 14. “And when she had thus said, she turned herself back.”2533   “Turned herself back, and saw Jesus standing, and knew not that it was Jesus.” N.T.

And by what kind of consequence is it, that she having spoken to them, and not having yet heard anything from them, turned back? Methinks that while she was speaking, Christ suddenly appearing behind her, struck the Angels with awe; and that they having beheld their Ruler,2534   Δεσπότην showed immediately by their bearing, their look, their movements, that they saw the Lord;2535   Κύριον and this drew the woman’s attention, and caused her to turn herself backwards. To them then He appeared on this wise, but not so to the woman, in order not at the first sight to terrify her, but in a meaner and ordinary form, as is clear from her supposing that He was the gardener. It was meet to lead one of so lowly a mind to high matters, not all at once, but gently. He therefore in turn asketh her,

Ver. 15. “Woman, why weepest thou? whom seekest thou?”

This showed that He knew what she wished to ask, and led her to make answer. And the woman, understanding this, doth not again mention the name of Jesus, but as though her questioner knew the subject of her enquiry replies,

“Sir,2536   “She, supposing Him to be the gardener, saith unto Him, Sir,” &c. N.T. if thou have borne him hence, tell me where thou hast laid him, and I will take him away.”

Again she speaks of laying down, and taking away, and carrying, as though speaking of a corpse. But her meaning is this; “If ye have borne him hence for fear of the Jews, tell me, and I will take him.” Great is the kindness and loving affection of the woman, but as yet there is nothing lofty with her.2537   al. “but nothing lofty from her.” Wherefore He now setteth the matter before her, not by appearance, but by Voice. For as He was at one time known to the Jews, and at another time unperceived2538   ἄ δηλος though present; so too in speaking, He, when He chose, then made Himself known; as also when He said to the Jews, “Whom seek ye?” they knew neither the Countenance nor the Voice until He chose. And this was the case here. And He named her name only,2539    Ver. 16. “Jesus saith unto her, Mary.” reproaching and blaming her that she entertained such fancies concerning One who lived. But how was it that,

Ver. 16. “She turned herself, and saith,”2540   “and saith unto Him, Rabboni, which is to say, Master,” N.T. if so be that He was speaking to her? It seems to me, that after having said, “Where have ye laid him?” she turned to the Angels to ask why they were astonished, and that then Christ, by calling her by name, turned her to Himself from them, and revealed Himself by His Voice; for when He called her “Mary,” then she knew Him; so that the recognition was not by His appearance, but by His Voice. And if any say, “Whence is it clear that the Angels were awestruck, and that on this account the woman turned herself,” they will in this place say, “whence is it clear that she would have touched Him, and fallen at His feet?” Now as this is clear from His saying, “Touch Me not,” so is the other clear from its saying, that she turned herself. But wherefore, said He,

Ver. 17. “Touch Me not”?

[2.] Some assert, that she asked for spiritual grace, because she had heard Him when with the disciples say, “If I go to the Father, ‘I will ask Him, and He shall give you another Comforter.’” ( c. xiv. 3, 16.) But how could she who was not present with the disciples have heard this? Besides, such an imagination is far from the meaning here. And how should she ask, when He had not yet gone to the Father? What then is the sense? Methinks that she wished still to converse with Him as before, and that in her joy she perceived nothing great in Him, although He had become far more excellent in the Flesh. To lead her therefore from this idea, and that she might speak to Him with much awe, (for neither with the disciples doth He henceforth appear so familiar as before,) He raiseth her thoughts, that she should give more reverent heed to Him. To have said, “Approach Me not as ye did before, for matters are not in the same state, nor shall I henceforth be with you in the same way,” would have been harsh and high-sounding; but the saying,

“I am not yet ascended to the2541   “to My,” N.T. Father,” though not painful to hear, was the saying of One declaring the same thing. For by saying, “I am not yet ascended,” He showeth that He hasteth and presseth thither; and that it was not meet that One about to depart thither, and no longer to converse with men, should be looked on with the same feelings as before. And the sequel shows that this is the case.

“Go and say unto the brethren, that I go2542   “Go to My brethren, and say unto them, I ascend,” &c. N.T. unto My Father, and your Father, unto My God and your God.”

Yet He was not about to do so immediately, but after forty days. How then saith He this? With a desire to raise their minds, and to persuade them that He departeth into the heavens. But the, “To My Father and your Father, to My God, and your God,” belongs to the Dispensation,2543   i.e. the Incarnation. since the “ascending” also belongs to His Flesh. For He speaketh these words to one who had no high thoughts. “Is then the Father His in one way, and ours in another?” Assuredly then He is. For if He is God of the righteous in a manner different from that in which He is God of other men, much more in the case of the Son and us. For because He had said, “Say to the brethren,” in order that they might not imagine any equality from this, He showed the difference. He was about to sit on His Father’s throne, but they to stand by.2544   παρέσταναι. So Ben. and mss. and it seems the best reading. Savile reads περιστῆναι So that albeit in His Subsistence according to the Flesh He became our Brother, yet in Honor He greatly differed from2545   or, “surpassed.” us, it cannot even be told how much.

Ver. 18. “She therefore departeth, bearing these tidings to the disciples.”2546    Ver. 18. “Mary Magdalene came and told the disciples that she had seen the Lord, and that He had spoken these things unto her.” N.T.

So great a good is perseverance and endurance. But how was it that they did not any more grieve when He was about to depart, nor speak as they had done before? At that time they were affected in such a way, as supposing that He was about to die; but now that He was risen again, what reason had they to grieve? Moreover, Mary reported His appearance and His words, which were enough to comfort them. Since then it was likely that the disciples on hearing these things would either not believe the woman, or, believing, would grieve that He had not deemed them worthy of the vision, though He promised to meet them in Galilee; in order that they might not by dwelling on this be unsettled,2547   or, “distracted.” He let not a single day pass, but having brought them to a state of longing, by their knowledge that He was risen, and by what they heard from the woman, when they were thirsting to see Him, and were greatly afraid, (which thing itself especially made their yearning greater,) He then, when it was evening, presented2548   al. “presents.” Himself before them, and that very marvelously.2549    Ver. 19. “Then the same day at evening, being the first day of the week, when the doors were shut where the disciples were assembled for fear of the Jews, came Jesus and stood in the midst.” N.T. And why did He appear in the “evening”? Because it was probable that they would then especially be very fearful. But the marvel was, why they did not suppose Him to be an apparition; for He entered, “when the doors were shut,” and suddenly. The chief cause was, that the woman beforehand had wrought great faith in them; besides, He showed His countenance to them clear and mild. He came not by day, in order that all might be collected together. For great was the amazement; for neither did He knock at the door but all at once stood in the midst, and showed His side and His hands.2550    Ver. 20. “And when He had so said, He showed unto them His hands and His side.” At the same time also by His Voice He smoothed their tossing thought, by saying,

Ver. 19. “Peace be unto you.”

That is, “Be not troubled”; at the same time reminding them of the word which He spake to them before the Crucifixion, “My peace I leave2551   “give.” unto you” ( c. xiv. 27 ); and again, “In me ye have2552   “that in Me ye might have,” N.T. peace, but” “in the world ye shall have tribulation.” ( c. xvi. 33.)

Ver. 20. “Then were the disciples glad when they saw the Lord.”

Seest thou the words issuing in deeds? For what He said before the Crucifixion, that “I will see you again, and your heart shall rejoice, and your joy no man taketh from you” ( c. xvi. 22 ), this He now2553   al. “this therefore He.” accomplished in deed; but all these things led them to a most exact faith. For since they had a truceless war with the Jews, He continually repeated the, “Peace be unto you,”2554    Ver. 21. “Then said Jesus to them again, Peace,” &c. giving them, to counterbalance the war, the consolation. And so this was the first word that He spake to them after the Resurrection, (wherefore also Paul continually saith, “Grace be unto you and peace,”) and to women He giveth good tidings of joy,2555   Matt. xxviii. 9. “Jesus met them (the women) saying, Rejoice.” G. T. Χαίρετε. E.V. “All hail.” because that sex was in sorrow, and had received this as the first curse. Therefore He giveth good tidings suitable respectively, to men, peace, because of their war; joy to women, because of their sorrow. Then having put away all painful things, He telleth of the successes2556   or, “perfect actions,” κατορθώματα of the Cross, and these were the “peace.” “Since then all hindrances have been removed,” He saith, “and I have made My2557   al. “all hindrances had been removed, and He had made His.” victory glorious, and all hath been achieved,” (then He saith afterwards,)

Ver. 21. “As My Father hath sent Me, so send I you.”

“Ye have no difficulty, owing to what hath already come to pass, and to the dignity of Me who send you.” Here He lifteth up their souls, and showeth them their great cause of confidence, if so be that they were about to undertake His work. And no longer is an appeal made to the Father, but with authority He giveth to them the power. For,

Ver. 22, 23. “He breathed on them, and said,2558    Ver. 22. “And when He had said this, He breathed on them, and saith unto them,” &c., N.T. Receive ye the Holy Ghost. Whosesoever sins ye remit, they are remitted unto them, and whosesoever sins ye retain, they are retained.”

As a king sending forth governors, gives power to cast2559   al. “having the power of casting,” &c., “gives it.” into prison and to deliver from it, so in sending these forth, Christ investeth them with the same power. But how saith He, “If I go not away, He2560   “The Comforter,” N.T. will not come” ( c. xvi. 7 ), and yet giveth them the Spirit? Some say that He gave not the Spirit, but rendered them fit to receive It, by breathing on them. For if Daniel when he saw an Angel was afraid, what would not they have suffered when they received that unspeakable Gift, unless He had first made them learners? Wherefore He said not, “Ye have received the Holy Ghost,” but, “Receive ye the Holy Ghost.” Yet one will not be wrong in asserting that they then also received some spiritual power and grace; not so as to raise the dead, or to work miracles, but so as to remit sins. For the gifts of the Spirit are of different kinds; wherefore He added, “Whosesoever sins ye remit, they are remitted unto them,” showing what kind of power He was giving. But in the other case,2561   ἐ κεῖ after forty2562   The sense seems to require “fifty,” but there is no other reading than the above. days, they received the power of working miracles. Wherefore He saith, “Ye shall receive power, after that the Holy Ghost is come2563   or, “of the Holy Ghost coming.” upon you, and ye shall be My witnesses both in Jerusalem, and in all Judæa.” ( Acts i. 8.) And witnesses they became by means of miracles, for unspeakable is the grace of the Spirit and multiform the gift. But this comes to pass, that thou mayest learn that the gift and the power of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, is One. For things which appear to be peculiar to the Father, these are seen also to belong to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost. “How then,” saith some one, “doth none come to the Son, ‘except the Father draw him’?” ( c. vi. 44.) Why, this very thing is shown to belong to the Son also. “I,” He saith, “am the Way: no man cometh unto the Father but by Me.” ( c. xiv. 6.) And observe that it belongeth to the Spirit also; for “No man can call Jesus Christ Lord, 2564   “call Jesus Lord,” N.T. but by the Holy Ghost.” ( 1 Cor. xii. 3.) Again, we see that the Apostles were given to the Church at one time by the Father, at another by the Son, at another by the Holy Ghost, and that the “diversities of gifts” ( 1 Cor. xii. 4 ) belong to the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost.

[4.] Let us then do all we can to have the Holy Spirit with ourselves, and let us treat with much honor those into whose hands its operation hath been committed. For great is the dignity of the priests. “Whosesoever sins,” it saith, “ye remit, they are remitted unto them”; wherefore also Paul saith, “Obey them that have the rule over you, and submit yourselves.” ( Heb. xiii. 17.) And hold them very exceedingly in honor; for thou indeed carest about thine own affairs, and if thou orderest them well, thou givest2565   al. “wilt give.” no account for others, but the priest even if he rightly order his own life, if he have not an anxious care for thine, yea and that of all those around him, will depart with the wicked into hell; and often when not betrayed by his own conduct, he perishes by yours, if he have not rightly performed all his part. Knowing therefore the greatness of the danger, give them a large share of your goodwill; which Paul also implied when he said, “For they watch for your souls,” and not simply so, but, “as they that shall give account.” ( Heb. xiii. 17.) They ought therefore to receive great attention from you; but if you join with the rest in trampling upon them, then neither shall your affairs be in a good condition. For while the steersman continues in good courage, the crew also will be in safety; but if he be tired out by their reviling him and showing ill-will against him, he cannot watch equally well, or retain his skill, and without intending it, throws them into ten thousand mischiefs. And so too the priest, if he enjoy honor2566   al. “attention.” from you, will be able well to order your affairs; but if ye throw them into despondency, ye weaken their hands, and render them, as well as yourselves, an easy prey to the waves, although they be very courageous. Consider what Christ saith concerning the Jews. “The Scribes and the Pharisees sit on Moses’ seat; all therefore whatsoever they bid2567   “bid you observe, that observe and do,” N.T. you to do, do ye.” ( Matt. xxiii. 2, 3.) Now we have not to say, “the priests sit on Moses’ seat,” but “on that of Christ”; for they have successively received His doctrine. Wherefore also Paul saith, “We are ambassadors for Christ, as though God did beseech you by us.” ( 2 Cor. v. 20.) See ye not that in the case of Gentile rulers, all bow to them, and oftentimes even persons superior in family, in life, in intelligence, to those who judge them? yet still because of him who hath given them, they consider none of these things, but respect the decision of their governor, whosoever he be that receives the rule over them. Is there then such fear when man appoints, but when God appointeth do we despise him who is appointed, and abuse him, and besmirch him with ten thousand reproaches, and though forbidden to judge our brethren, do we sharpen our tongue against our priests? And how can this deserve excuse, when we see not the beam in our own eye, but are bitterly over-curious about the mote in another’s? Knowest thou not that by so judging thou makest thine own judgment the harder? And this I say not as approving of those who exercise their priesthood unworthily, but as greatly pitying and weeping for them; yet do I not on this account allow that it is right that they should be judged by those over whom they are set.2568   Sav. adds in brackets, “and especially by those altogether the simplest.” The words found in some mss. And although their life be very much spoken against, thou, if thou take heed to thyself, wilt not be harmed at all2569   al. “not even be harmed a little.” in respect of the things committed to them2570   Sav. “to him.” by God. For if He caused a voice to be uttered by an ass, and bestowed spiritual blessings by a diviner, working by the foolish mouth and impure tongue of Balaam, in behalf of the offending Jews, much more for the sake of you the right-minded2571   al. “ill-minded,” or, “ungrateful.” will He, though the priests be exceedingly vile, work all the things that are His, and will send the Holy Ghost. For neither doth the pure draw down that Spirit by his own purity, but it is grace that worketh all. “For all,” it saith, “is for your sake,2572   “is yours,” N.T. whether it be Paul, or Apollos, or Cephas.” ( 1 Cor. iii. 22, 23.) For the things which are placed in the hands of the priest it is with God alone to give; and however far human wisdom may reach, it will appear inferior to that grace. And this I say, not in order that we may order our own life carelessly, but that when some of those set over you are careless livers, you the ruled may not often heap up evil for yourselves. But why speak I of priests? Neither Angel nor Archangel can do anything with regard to what is given from God; but the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, dispenseth all, while the priest lends his tongue and affords his hand. For neither would it be just that through the wickedness of another, those who come in faith to the symbols of their salvation should be harmed. Knowing all these things, let us fear God, and hold His priests in honor, paying them all reverence; that both for our own good deeds, and the attention shown to them, we may receive a great return from God, through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, with whom to the Father and the Holy Ghost be glory, dominion, and honor, now and ever, and world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΠϚʹ. Ἀπῆλθον οὖν πάλιν πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς οἱ μαθηταί: Μαρία δὲ εἱστήκει πρὸς τὸ μνημεῖον κλαίουσα ἔξω. αʹ. Περιπαθές πως τὸ γυναικεῖον γένος, καὶ πρὸς οἶκτον ἐπιῤῥεπέστερον. Τοῦτο δὲ εἶπον, ἵνα μὴ θαυμάσῃς τί δήποτε Μαρία μὲν πικρῶς ἐθρήνει τῷ τάφῳ, Πέτρος δὲ οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον ἔπαθεν. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ μαθηταὶ, φησὶν, ἀπῆλθον πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς, ἡ δὲ εἱστήκει δακρύουσα. Καὶ γὰρ ἡ φύσις εὐέμπτωτος, καὶ τὸν περὶ ἀναστάσεως οὐδέπω σαφῶς ᾔδει λόγον: καθάπερ ἐκεῖνοι τὰ ὀθόνια θεασάμενοι καὶ πιστεύσαντες, ἀπῆλθον πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς ἐκπληττόμενοι. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν οὐκ εὐθέως ἦλθον εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν, καθάπερ αὐτοῖς συντέτακτο πρὸ τοῦ πάθους; Ἀνέμενον τοὺς λοιποὺς ἴσως: καὶ ἄλλως δὲ, ἔτι ἐν ἀκμαζούσῃ ἦσαν ἐκπλήξει. Οὗτοι μὲν οὖν ἀπῆλθον: ἐκείνη δὲ εἱστήκει πρὸς τῷ τόπῳ. Μέγα γὰρ, ὅπερ ἔφην, πρὸς παραμυθίαν καὶ μνῆμα φαινόμενον. Ὁρᾷς γοῦν αὐτὴν, ὥστε πλέον ἀναπαύεσθαι, καὶ παρακύπτουσαν, καὶ βουλομένην τὸν τόπον ἰδεῖν ἔνθα τὸ σῶμα ἔκειτο; Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο καὶ τῆς πολλῆς ταύτης σπουδῆς μισθὸν ἔλαβεν οὐ μικρόν. Ὃ γὰρ οὐκ εἶδον οἱ μαθηταὶ, τοῦτο εἶδεν ἡ γυνὴ πρώτη, καθημένους ἀγγέλους, τὸν μὲν πρὸς ποδῶν, τὸν δὲ πρὸς κεφαλῆς ἐν λευκοῖς: καὶ τὸ σχῆμα φαιδρότητος πολλῆς γέμον καὶ χαρᾶς. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οὐκ ἦν ὑψηλὴ τῆς γυναικὸς ἡ διάνοια, ὡς ἀπὸ τῶν σουδαρίων ὑποδέξασθαι τὴν ἀνάστασιν, γίνεταί τι πλέον, καὶ ἀγγέλους θεωρεῖ καθημένους ἐν φαιδρῷ τῷ σχήματι, ὥστε αὐτὴν ἀναστῆσαι τέως τοῦ πάθους ἐντεῦθεν καὶ παραμυθήσασθαι. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν αὐτῇ περὶ ἀναστάσεως λέγουσιν: ἀλλ' ἠρέμα προβιβάζεται τῷ δόγματι τούτῳ. Εἶδεν ὄψεις φαιδρὰς, καὶ μᾶλλον ἢ κατὰ τὴν συνήθειαν: εἶδε σχῆμα λαμπρόν: ἤκουσε συμπαθοῦς φωνῆς. Τί γάρ φησι; Γύναι, τί κλαίεις; Διὰ δὲ τούτων ἁπάντων, ὥσπερ θύρας ἀνοιγομένης, κατὰ μικρὸν εἰς τὸν περὶ ἀναστάσεως ἤγετο λόγον. Καὶ ὁ τρόπος δὲ τῆς καθέδρας αὐτῶν εἰς ἐρώτησιν αὐτὴν ἦγε: καὶ γὰρ ἐνέφαινον, ὅτι ᾔδεσαν τὸ γεγονός. Διὰ τοῦτο οὐδὲ ὁμοῦ κάθηνται, ἀλλὰ διεστηκότες ἀλλήλων. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οὐκ εἰκὸς αὐτὴν τολμῆσαι ἁπλῶς πυθέσθαι, καὶ τῇ ἐρωτήσει καὶ τῷ τρόπῳ τῆς καθέδρας ἄγουσιν αὐτὴν ἐπὶ διάλεξιν. Τί οὖν αὕτη; Θερμῶς ἅμα καὶ φιλοστόργως: Ἦραν τὸν Κύριόν μου, καὶ οὐκ οἶδα ποῦ τεθείκασιν αὐτόν. Τί φῄς; οὐδέπω οὐδὲν περὶ ἀναστάσεως οἶδας, ἀλλ' ἔτι θέσιν φαντάζῃ; Ὁρᾷς πῶς οὐδέπω ὑψηλὸν κατεδέξατο δόγμα; Καὶ ταῦτα εἰποῦσα, ἐστράφη εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω. Καὶ ποία αὕτη ἀκολουθία, πρὸς ἐκείνους διαλεγομένην, καὶ μηδέπω μηδὲν ἀκούσασαν παρ' αὐτῶν, στραφῆναι εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω; Ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ, ταῦτα λεγούσης αὐτῆς, ἄφνω φανεὶς ὁ Χριστὸς ὄπισθεν αὐτῆς ἐκπλῆξαι τοὺς ἀγγέλους, κἀκείνους θεασαμένους τὸν Δεσπότην, καὶ τῷ σχήματι, καὶ τῷ βλέμματι, καὶ τῷ κινήματι εὐθέως ἐμφῆναι, ὅτι τὸν Κύριον εἶδον: καὶ τοῦτο τὴν γυναῖκα ἐπέστρεψε, καὶ εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω στραφῆναι ἐποίησεν. Ἐκείνοις μὲν οὖν οὕτως ἐφάνη: τῇ γυναικὶ δὲ οὐχ οὕτως, ὥστε αὐτὴν μὴ ἐκ πρώτης ἐκπλῆξαι τῆς ὄψεως, ἀλλ' ἐν εὐτελεστέρῳ καὶ κοινῷ τῷ σχήματι. Καὶ δῆλον ἐξ ὧν καὶ κηπουρὸν αὐτὸν εἶναι ἐνόμιζε. Τὴν δὲ οὕτω ταπεινὴν οὐκ ἔδει ἀθρόον ἐπὶ τὰ ὑψηλὰ ἀγαγεῖν, ἀλλ' ἠρέμα. Πάλιν οὖν αὐτὴν ἐρωτᾷ: Γύναι, τί κλαίεις; τίνα ζητεῖς; Τοῦτο ἐνέφηνεν εἰδέναι αὐτὸν, ὃ βούλεται ἐρωτῆσαι, καὶ εἰς ἀπόκρισιν ἤγαγε. Τοῦτο οὖν καὶ ἡ γυνὴ συνιεῖσα, οὐκ ἔτι τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ λέγει, ἀλλ' ὡς εἰδότος τοῦ ἐρωτῶντος περὶ οὗ πυνθάνεται, φησίν: Εἰ σὺ ἐβάστασας αὐτὸν, εἰπέ μοι ποῦ ἔθηκας, κἀγὼ αὐτὸν ἀρῶ. Πάλιν θέσιν καὶ ἄρσιν, καὶ τὸ βαστάσαι, ὡς περὶ νεκροῦ διαλεγομένη, φησίν. Ὃ δὲ ἐμφαίνει, τοῦτό ἐστιν: Εἰ διὰ τὸν φόβον τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἤρατε αὐτὸν ἐντεῦθεν, εἴπατέ μοι, καὶ ἐγὼ λήψομαι αὐτόν. Πολλὴ ἡ εὔνοια καὶ φιλοστοργία τῆς γυναικός: ὑψηλὸν δὲ οὐδὲν οὐδέπω παρ' αὐτῇ. Διὰ τοῦτο λοιπὸν προτίθησιν αὐτῇ τοῦτο, οὐ δι' ὄψεως, ἀλλὰ διὰ φωνῆς. Ὥσπερ γὰρ τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις ποτὲ μὲν ἐγνωρίζετο, ποτὲ δὲ ἄδηλος ἦν καὶ παρών: οὕτω καὶ φθεγγόμενος, ἡνίκα ἐβούλετο, τότε γνώριμον ἑαυτὸν ἐποίει. Καὶ γὰρ ὅτε τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις ἔλεγε, Τίνα ζητεῖτε; οὐ τὴν ὄψιν, οὐ τὴν φωνὴν ἐπέγνωσαν, ἕως ἠθέλησεν: ὃ δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα συνέβη. Καὶ τὸ ὄνομα αὐτῆς μόνον ἐκάλεσεν, ὀνειδίζων καὶ καθαπτόμενος, ὅτι ταῦτα περὶ τοῦ ζῶντος ἐφαντάζετο. Πῶς δὲ, Στραφεῖσα λέγει, εἴ γε πρὸς αὐτὴν διελέγετο; Ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ εἰποῦσαν αὐτὴν τὸ, Ποῦ τεθείκατε αὐτὸν, στραφῆναι πρὸς τοὺς ἀγγέλους ὡς ἐρωτῶσαν, τί ἐξεπλάγησαν: εἶτα τὸν Χριστὸν καλέσαντα αὐτὴν ἐπιστρέψαι πρὸς ἑαυτὸν ἀπ' ἐκείνων, καὶ διὰ τῆς φωνῆς δῆλον ἑαυτὸν ποιῆσαι. Ὅτε γὰρ ἐκάλεσεν αὐτὴν, Μαρία, τότε αὐτὸν ἐπέγνω. Οὕτως οὐκ ὄψεως ἦν, ἀλλὰ φωνῆς ἡ ἐπίγνωσις. Εἰ δὲ λέγοιεν, Πόθεν δῆλον, ὅτι οἱ ἄγγελοι ἐξεπλάγησαν, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐπεστράφη ἡ γυνή; καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἐροῦσι, Πόθεν δῆλον, ὅτι ἥψατο αὐτοῦ, καὶ προσέπεσεν; Ἀλλ' ὥσπερ τοῦτο δῆλον ἀπὸ τοῦ εἰπεῖν, Μή μου ἅπτου: οὕτω κἀκεῖνο, ἀπὸ τοῦ εἰπεῖν, ὅτι ἐστράφη. Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν εἶπε, Μή μου ἅπτου; Τινές φασιν, ὅτι χάριν αἰτεῖ πνευματικὴν, ἀκούσασα μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν λέγοντος: Ἐὰν πορευθῶ πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα, ἐρωτήσω αὐτὸν, καὶ δώσει ὑμῖν ἄλλον Παράκλητον. βʹ. Καὶ πῶς ἡ μὴ παροῦσα μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν, ταῦτα ἤκουσε; Ἄλλως δὲ, καὶ πόῤῥω τῆς διανοίας ταύτης ἡ τοιαύτη φαντασία. Πῶς δὲ αἰτεῖ, οὐδέπω πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα ἀπελθόντος; Τί οὖν; Δοκεῖ μοι βούλεσθαι αὐτὴν ἔτι συνεῖναι αὐτῷ, ὥσπερ τότε, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς χαρᾶς μηδὲν ἐννοῆσαι μέγα, εἰ καὶ πολλῷ βελτίων ἐγεγόνει κατὰ σάρκα. Ταύτης γοῦν ἀπάγων αὐτὴν τῆς ἐννοίας, καὶ τοῦ μετὰ πολλῆς αὐτῷ ἀδείας διαλέγεσθαι (οὐδὲ γὰρ τοῖς μαθηταῖς φαίνεται λοιπὸν ἐπιχωριάζων ὁμοίως), ἀνάγει αὐτῆς τὴν διάνοιαν, ὥστε αἰδεσιμώτερον αὐτῷ προσέχειν. Τὸ μὲν οὖν εἰπεῖν, Μὴ πρόσιθί μοι, καθάπερ καὶ πρότερον: οὐ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς τὰ πράγματα, οὐδὲ ὁμοίως μέλλω συνεῖναι λοιπὸν ὑμῖν: πρόσαντες ἦν καὶ κόμπον ἔχον: τὸ δὲ εἰπεῖν, Οὔπω ἀναβέβηκα πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα, εἰ καὶ ἀνεπαχθὲς, τὸ αὐτὸ δηλοῦντος ἦν. Εἰπὼν γὰρ, ὅτι Οὔπω ἀναβέβηκα, ἐμφαίνει, ὅτι ἐκεῖ σπεύδει καὶ ἐπείγεται: τὸν δὲ ἐκεῖ μέλλοντα ἀπιέναι, καὶ μηκέτι μετὰ ἀνθρώπων στρέφεσθαι, οὐκ ἔδει μετὰ τῆς αὐτῆς ὁρᾷν διανοίας ἧς καὶ πρὸ τούτου Καὶ ὅτι τοῦτό ἐστι, δηλοῖ τὸ ἑξῆς: Πορεύου, εἰπὲ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς, ὅτι πορεύομαι πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα μου καὶ Πατέρα ὑμῶν, καὶ Θεόν μου καὶ Θεὸν ὑμῶν. Καίτοι οὐκ ἔμελλε εὐθέως τοῦτο ποιεῖν, ἀλλὰ μετὰ τεσσαράκοντα ἡμέρας. Πῶς οὖν τοῦτό φησιν; Ἀναστῆσαι βουλόμενος αὐτῆς τὴν διάνοιαν, καὶ πεῖσαι, ὅτι εἰς τοὺς οὐρανοὺς ἀπέρχεται. Τὸ δὲ, Πατέρα μου καὶ Πατέρα ὑμῶν, καὶ Θεόν μου καὶ Θεὸν ὑμῶν, τῆς οἰκονομίας ἐστὶ, ἐπεὶ καὶ τὸ ἀναβῆναι τῆς σαρκός ἐστι. Πρὸς γὰρ τὴν οὐδὲν μέγα φανταζομένην ταῦτα φθέγγεται. Ἑτέρως οὖν αὐτοῦ Πατὴρ, καὶ ἑτέρως ἡμῶν; Πάνυ μὲν οὖν. Εἰ γὰρ τῶν δικαίων ἑτέρως Θεὸς καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τοῦ Υἱοῦ καὶ ἡμῶν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἶπεν, Εἰπὲ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς, ἵνα μὴ ἀπὸ τούτου ἴσον τι φαντασθῶσι, δείκνυσι τὸ ἐνηλλαγμένον. Αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ ἔμελλε καθιεῖσθαι ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου τοῦ πατρικοῦ, οὗτοι δὲ παρεστάναι. Ὥστε εἰ καὶ κατὰ τὴν οὐσίαν τὴν ἐν σαρκὶ ἀδελφὸς ἡμῶν ἐγένετο, ἀλλὰ τῇ τιμῇ πολὺ διενήνοχε, καὶ οὐδὲ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν ὅσον. Αὕτη μὲν οὖν ἀπέρχεται ταῦτα ἀπαγγέλλουσα τοῖς μαθηταῖς. Τοσοῦτόν ἐστι προσεδρία καὶ καρτερία καλόν. Ἐκεῖνοι δὲ πῶς λοιπὸν οὐκ ἤλγησαν μέλλοντος ἀπιέναι, οὐδὲ ἐφθέγξαντο οἷα καὶ πρότερον; Τότε μὲν οὖν ὡς τεθνηξομένου, τοῦτο ἔπασχον: νῦν δὲ, ἀναστάντος, τίνος ἕνεκεν ἔμελλον ἀλγεῖν; Ἀπήγγειλε δὲ καὶ τὴν ὄψιν καὶ τὰ ῥήματα, ἅπερ ἱκανὰ ἦν αὐτοὺς παραμυθήσασθαι. Ἐπειδὴ οὖν εἰκὸς ἦν τοὺς μαθητὰς ταῦτα ἀκούοντας, ἢ διαπιστεῖν τῇ γυναικὶ, ἢ πιστεύσαντας ἀλγεῖν, ὅτι αὐτοὺς οὐ κατηξίωσε τῆς ὄψεως, καίτοι γε ἐπαγγειλάμενος ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ αὐτοῖς φαίνεσθαι: ἵν' οὖν μὴ ταῦτα στρέφοντες ἀλύωσιν, οὐδὲ ἡμέραν μίαν ἀφῆκε διελθεῖν, ἀλλ' εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν αὐτοὺς ἀγαγὼν τῷ τε ἤδη εἰδέναι ἐγηγέρθαι αὐτὸν, τῷ τε παρὰ τῆς γυναικὸς ἀκοῦσαι, διψῶσιν αὐτοῖς ἰδεῖν καὶ περιφόβοις οὖσιν (ὃ καὶ αὐτὸ μάλιστα τὸν πόθον ἐποίει πλείονα), τότε ὀψίας γενομένης, ἐφίστατο, καὶ μετὰ πολλοῦ τοῦ θαύματος. Καὶ τί δήποτε ἑσπέρας ἐφάνη; Ὅτι τότε μάλιστα εἰκὸς ἦν αὐτοὺς εἶναι περιδεεῖς. Ἀλλὰ τὸ θαυμαστὸν, πῶς φάντασμα αὐτὸν οὐκ ἐνόμισαν; καὶ γὰρ κεκλεισμένων εἰσῆλθε τῶν θυρῶν, καὶ ἀθρόον. Μάλιστα μὲν καὶ ἡ γυνὴ προλαβοῦσα πολλὴν τὴν πίστιν εἰργάσατο: ἄλλως δὲ, καὶ τρανὴν καὶ ἥμερον τὴν ὄψιν αὐτοῖς ἐπέδειξεν. Ἡμέρας δὲ οὐκ ἐπέστη μὲν, ὡς συλλεγῆναι ἅπαντας ὁμοῦ: πολλὴ γὰρ ἦν ἡ ἔκπληξις. Οὐδὲ γὰρ τὴν θύραν ἐπάταξεν, ἀλλ' ἀθρόον ἔστη μέσος, καὶ ἐπέδειξε τὴν πλευρὰν καὶ τὰς χεῖρας. Ἅμα δὲ καὶ τῇ φωνῇ κατεστόρεσε κυμαίνοντα τὸν λογισμὸν, εἰπών: Εἰρήνη ὑμῖν: τουτέστι, Μὴ θορυβεῖσθε: καὶ ῥήματος ἀναμνήσας, ὃ πρὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ πρὸς αὐτοὺς εἶπεν: Εἰρήνην τὴν ἐμὴν ἀφίημι ὑμῖν: καὶ πάλιν, Ἐν ἐμοὶ εἰρήνην ἔχετε, ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ θλίψιν ἕξετε. Ἐχάρησαν δὲ οἱ μαθηταὶ ἰδόντες τὸν Κύριον. Ὁρᾷς ἐπὶ τῶν ἔργων τοὺς λόγους ἐκβαίνοντας; Ὃ γὰρ ἔλεγε πρὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ, ὅτι Πάλιν ὄψομαι ὑμᾶς, καὶ χαρήσεται ὑμῶν ἡ καρδία, καὶ τὴν χαρὰν ὑμῶν οὐδεὶς αἴρει ἀφ' ὑμῶν, τοῦτο νῦν ἔργῳ ἐπλήρωσεν. Ἅπαντα δὲ ταῦτα ἐνῆγεν αὐτοὺς εἰς πίστιν ἀκριβεστάτην. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πόλεμον ἄσπονδον εἶχον πρὸς Ἰουδαίους, συνεχῶς ἐπιλέγει τὸ, Εἰρήνη ὑμῖν, ἀντίῤῥοπον διδοὺς τοῦ πολέμου τὴν παραμυθίαν. γʹ. Τοῦτο γοῦν πρῶτον μετὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν εἶπε τὸ ῥῆμα (διὸ καὶ Παῦλος πανταχοῦ φησι, Χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη): ταῖς δὲ γυναιξὶ χαρὰν εὐαγγελίζεται, διότι ἐν λύπαις τὸ γένος ἐκεῖνο ἦν, καὶ ταύτην ἐδέξατο πρώτην χαράν. Καταλλήλως μὲν οὖν τοῖς ἀνδράσι, διὰ τὸν πόλεμον, εἰρήνην: ταῖς δὲ γυναιξὶ, διὰ τὴν λύπην, εὐαγγελίζεται χαράν. Πάντα δὲ καταλύσας τὰ λυπηρὰ, ἐπιλέγει τὰ κατορθώματα τοῦ σταυροῦ: ταῦτα δὲ ἦν ἡ εἰρήνη. Ἐπεὶ οὖν ἅπαντα ἀνῄρηται τὰ κωλύματα, καὶ τὴν νίκην κατέστησε λαμπρὰν, καὶ κατώρθωται πάντα: εἶτα λοιπόν φησι: Καθὼς ἀπέστειλέ με ὁ Πατὴρ, κἀγὼ πέμπω ὑμᾶς. Οὐδεμίαν ἔχετε δυσκολίαν ἀπό τε τῶν ἤδη γεγενημένων, ἀπό τε τῆς ἀξίας ἐμοῦ τοῦ πέμποντος. Ἐνταῦθα ἐπαίρει αὐτῶν τὴν ψυχὴν, καὶ δείκνυσι πολὺ τὸ ἀξιόπιστον, εἴ γε μέλλοιεν αὐτοῦ τὸ ἔργον ἀναδέχεσθαι. Καὶ οὐκέτι παράκλησις πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα γίνεται, ἀλλ' αὐθεντίᾳ δίδωσιν αὐτοῖς τὴν δύναμιν. Ἐνεφύσησε γὰρ, καὶ εἶπε: Λάβετε Πνεῦμα ἅγιον. Ὧν ἀφῆτε τὰς ἁμαρτίας, ἀφέωνται, καὶ ὧν κρατῆτε, κεκράτηνται. Καθάπερ γάρ τις βασιλεὺς ἄρχοντας ἀποστέλλων, ἐξουσίαν εἰς δεσμωτήριον καὶ ἐμβαλεῖν, καὶ ἀφιέναι δίδωσιν: οὕτω καὶ τούτους ἐκπέμπων, ταύτῃ περιβάλλει τῇ δυνάμει. Πῶς οὖν φησιν: Ἐὰν μὴ ἀπέλθω, ἐκεῖνος οὐ μὴ ἔλθῃ, καὶ δὴ τὸ Πνεῦμα δίδωσι; Τινὲς μέν φασιν, ὅτι οὐ τὸ Πνεῦμα ἔδωκεν, ἀλλ' ἐπιτηδείους αὐτοὺς πρὸς ὑποδοχὴν δι' ἐμφυσήματος κατέστησεν. Εἰ γὰρ ἄγγελον ἰδὼν ὁ Δανιὴλ ἐξέστη, τί τὴν ἀπόῤῥητον χάριν ἐκείνην δεχόμενοι οὐκ ἂν ἔπαθον, εἰ μὴ μαθητὰς αὐτοὺς πρότερον κατεσκεύασε; Διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ εἶπε, φησὶν, Ἐλάβετε Πνεῦμα ἅγιον: ἀλλὰ, Λάβετε Πνεῦμα ἅγιον. Οὐκ ἂν δέ τις ἁμάρτοι καὶ τότε εἰληφέναι αὐτοὺς λέγων ἐξουσίαν τινὰ πνευματικὴν καὶ χάριν: ἀλλ' οὐχ ὥστε νεκροὺς ἐγείρειν καὶ δυνάμεις ποιεῖν, ἀλλ' ὥστε ἀφεῖναι ἁμαρτήματα: διάφορα γὰρ τὰ χαρίσματα τοῦ Πνεύματος. Διὸ ἐπήγαγεν: Ὧν ἂν ἀφῆτε, ἀφέωνται, δεικνὺς ποῖον εἶδος ἐνεργείας δίδωσιν. Ἐκεῖ δὲ μετὰ τεσσαράκοντα ἡμέρας τὴν τῶν σημείων ἔλαβον ἐνέργειαν: διό φησι: Λήψεσθε δύναμιν ἐπελθόντος τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος ἐφ' ὑμᾶς, καὶ ἔσεσθέ μοι μάρτυρες ἔν τε Ἱερουσαλὴμ καὶ ἐν πάσῃ τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ: μάρτυρες δὲ διὰ τῶν σημείων ἐγίνοντο. Καὶ γὰρ ἄφατος ἡ τοῦ Πνεύματος χάρις καὶ πολυειδὴς ἡ δωρεά. Τοῦτο δὲ γίνεται, ἵνα μάθῃς, ὅτι Πατρὸς καὶ Υἱοῦ καὶ Πνεύματος ἁγίου μία ἡ δωρεὰ καὶ ἐξουσία. Ἃ γὰρ δοκεῖ ἰδιάζοντα εἶναι τοῦ Πατρὸς, ταῦτα καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ εἶναι φαίνεται, καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος. Πῶς οὖν οὐδεὶς ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸν Υἱὸν, φησὶν, Ἐὰν μὴ ὁ Πατὴρ ἑλκύσῃ αὐτόν; Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο δείκνυται τοῦ Υἱοῦ ὄν. Ἐγὼ γάρ εἰμι, φησὶν, ἡ ὁδός: οὐδεὶς ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα, εἰ μὴ δι' ἐμοῦ. Ὅρα δὲ αὐτὸ καὶ τοῦ Πνεύματος ὄν. Οὐδεὶς γὰρ δύναται εἰπεῖν Κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν, εἰ μὴ ἐν Πνεύματι ἁγίῳ. Καὶ πάλιν, τοὺς ἀποστόλους ποτὲ μὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ Πατρὸς, ποτὲ δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ποτὲ δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος δεδόσθαι τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ, καὶ τὰς διαιρέσεις τῶν χαρισμάτων Πατρὸς καὶ Υἱοῦ καὶ ἁγίου Πνεύματος ὁρῶμεν οὔσας. δʹ. Πάντα τοίνυν πράττωμεν ὥστε δύνασθαι τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ἔχειν παρ' ἑαυτοῖς, καὶ τοὺς ἐγκεχειρισμένους τὴν ἐνέργειαν μετὰ πολλῆς θεραπεύωμεν τῆς τιμῆς. Μεγάλη γὰρ ἡ τῶν ἱερέων ἀξία. Ὧν ἂν ἀφῆτε, φησὶν, ἀφέωνται αἱ ἁμαρτίαι. Διὸ καὶ Παῦλος ἔλεγε: Πείθεσθε τοῖς ἡγουμένοις ὑμῶν καὶ ὑπείκετε, καὶ ὑπερεκπερισσοῦ ἡγεῖσθε αὐτοὺς ἐν τιμῇ. Σὺ μὲν γὰρ τὰ σαυτοῦ μεριμνᾷς: κἂν ταῦτα διάθῃ καλῶς, οὐδείς σοι τῶν ἄλλων ἔσται λόγος: ὁ δὲ ἱερεὺς, κἂν τὸν οἰκεῖον καλῶς οἰκονομήσῃ βίον, τὸν δὲ σὸν ἤτοι ἁπάντων τῶν περὶ αὐτὸν μὴ μετὰ ἀκριβείας ἐπιμελήσηται, μετὰ τῶν πονηρῶν εἰς τὴν γέενναν ἄπεισιν: καὶ πολλάκις ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκείων οὐ προδοθεὶς, ἀπὸ τῶν ὑμετέρων ἀπόλλυται, ἂν μὴ πάντα τὰ εἰς αὐτὸν ἥκοντα ἀπαρτίσῃ καλῶς. Εἰδότες οὖν τοῦ κινδύνου τὸ μέγεθος, πολλὴν ἀπονέμετε αὐτοῖς εὔνοιαν: ὃ καὶ Παῦλος ᾐνίξατο λέγων, ὅτι Ἀγρυπνοῦσιν ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν: καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς, ἀλλ' Ὡς λόγον ἀποδώσοντες. Διὸ τῆς πολλῆς δεῖ θεραπείας αὐτοὺς ἀπολαύειν. Ἐὰν δὲ ἐπεμβαίνητε μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων αὐτοῖς καὶ ὑμεῖς, καὶ οὐδὲ τὰ ὑμέτερα καλῶς διακείσεται. Ἕως μὲν γὰρ ἐν εὐθυμίᾳ διάγει ὁ κυβερνήτης, ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ ἔσται καὶ τὰ τῶν ἐπιβατῶν: ἂν δὲ, λοιδορουμένων ἐκείνων καὶ ἀπεχθῶς ἐχόντων πρὸς αὐτὸν, ταλαιπωρῆται, οὐδὲ ἀγρυπνεῖν ὁμοίως δύναται, οὔτε τὴν τέχνην διασώζειν, καὶ ἄκων μυρίοις αὐτοὺς περιβάλλει κακοῖς. Οὕτω καὶ ἱερεὺς, ἂν μὲν ἀπολαύῃ τῆς παρ' ὑμῶν τιμῆς, καὶ τὰ ὑμέτερα διαθεῖναι καλῶς δυνήσεται: ἂν δὲ ἀθυμίᾳ αὐτοὺς περιβάλλητε, τὰς χεῖρας ἐκλύσαντες εὐχειρώτους μεθ' ὑμῶν αὐτοὺς ποιήσετε τοῖς κύμασι, κἂν σφόδρα γενναῖοι ὦσιν. Ἐννόησον τί περὶ τῶν Ἰουδαίων φησὶν ὁ Χριστός: Ἐπὶ τῆς Μωϋσέως καθέδρας ἐκάθισαν οἱ γραμματεῖς καὶ οἱ Φαρισαῖοι. Πάντα οὖν, ὅσα λέγουσιν ὑμῖν ποιεῖν, ποιεῖτε. Νῦν δὲ οὐκ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν: Ἐπὶ τῆς Μωϋσέως καθέδρας ἐκάθισαν οἱ ἱερεῖς, ἀλλ', Ἐπὶ τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Τὴν γὰρ ἐκείνου διεδέξαντο διδασκαλίαν. Διὸ καὶ Παῦλός φησιν: Ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ πρεσβεύομεν, ὡς τοῦ Θεοῦ παρακαλοῦντος δι' ἡμῶν. Οὐχ ὁρᾶτε ἐπὶ τῶν ἔξωθεν ἀρχόντων ἅπαντας ὑποκύπτοντας, καὶ γένει βελτίους ὄντας πολλάκις καὶ βίῳ καὶ συνέσει τῶν δικαζόντων αὐτούς; Ἀλλ' ὅμως διὰ τὸν δεδωκότα οὐδὲν τούτων ἐννοοῦσιν, ἀλλ' αἰδοῦνται τὴν ψῆφον τοῦ βασιλεύοντος, κἂν ὁστισοῦν ὁ λαβὼν ᾖ τὴν ἀρχήν. Εἶτα ἂν ἄνθρωπος χειροτονήσῃ, τοσοῦτος φόβος: τοῦ δὲ Θεοῦ χειροτονοῦντος, καὶ ὑπερορῶμεν τὸν χειροτονούμενον, καὶ λοιδοροῦμεν, καὶ μυρίοις ὀνείδεσι πλύνομεν, καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ἡμῶν κωλυθέντες κρίνειν, κατὰ τῶν ἱερέων τὴν γλῶσσαν ἀκονῶμεν. Καὶ ποῦ ταῦτα ἀπολογίας ἄξια, ὅταν τὴν μὲν ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ τῷ ἡμετέρῳ δοκὸν μὴ βλέπωμεν, τὸ δὲ κάρφος τοῦ ἑτέρου πικρῶς περιεργαζώμεθα; οὐκ οἶσθα ὅτι καὶ χαλεπώτερον σαυτῷ ποιεῖς τὸ δικαστήριον οὕτω δικάζων; Καὶ ταῦτα λέγω, οὐκ ἀποδεχόμενος τοὺς ἀναξίως τὴν ἱερωσύνην διοικοῦντας, ἀλλὰ καὶ σφόδρα ἐλεῶν καὶ δακρύων: οὐ μὴν διὰ τοῦτό φημι δίκαιον εἶναι παρὰ τῶν ἀρχομένων κρίνεσθαι, καὶ μάλιστα τῶν πάνυ ἀφελεστέρων. Κἂν γὰρ ὁ βίος αὐτῶν σφόδρα διαβεβλημένος ᾖ, σὺ δὲ, ἂν σαυτῷ προσέχῃς, οὐδὲν παραβλαβήσῃ εἰς τὰ ἐγκεχειρισμένα αὐτῷ παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ. Εἰ γὰρ δι' ὄνου φωνὴν ἀφεθῆναι ἐποίησε, καὶ διὰ μάντεως εὐλογίας πνευματικὰς ἐχαρίσατο, καὶ ἐν ἀλόγῳ στόματι καὶ ἐν ἀκαθάρτῳ γλώττῃ τοῦ Βαλαὰμ ἐνεργήσας διὰ τοὺς προσκεκρουκότας Ἰουδαίους: πολλῷ μᾶλλον δι' ὑμᾶς τοὺς εὐγνώμονας, εἰ καὶ σφόδρα φαῦλοί εἰσιν οἱ ἱερεῖς, τὰ αὐτοῦ πάντα ἐργάσεται, καὶ πέμψει τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ καθαρὸς ἀπὸ τῆς οἰκείας ἐπισπᾶται αὐτὸ καθαρότητος: ἀλλὰ χάρις ἐστὶν ἡ τὸ πᾶν ἐργαζομένη. Πάντα γὰρ, φησὶ, δι' ὑμᾶς, εἴτε Παῦλος εἴτε Ἀπολλὼς, εἴτε Κηφᾶς. Ἃ γὰρ ἐγκεχείρισται ὁ ἱερεὺς, Θεοῦ μόνου ἐστὶ δωρεῖσθαι: καὶ ὅπουπερ ἂν ἡ ἀνθρωπίνη φθάσῃ φιλοσοφία, ἐλάττων τῆς χάριτος ἐκείνης φανεῖται. Καὶ ταῦτα λέγω, οὐχ ἵνα ῥᾳθύμως τὸν ἑαυτῶν βίον οἰκονομῶμεν, ἀλλ' ἵνα μὴ ῥᾳθυμούντων τινῶν τῶν προεστώτων, ὑμεῖς οἱ ἀρχόμενοι ἑαυτοῖς πολλάκις ἐπισωρεύητε τὰ κακά. Καὶ τί λέγω τοὺς ἱερεῖς; Οὔτε ἄγγελος, οὔτε ἀρχάγγελος ἐργάσασθαί τι δύναται εἰς τὰ δεδομένα παρὰ Θεοῦ: ἀλλὰ Πατὴρ καὶ Υἱὸς καὶ ἅγιον Πνεῦμα πάντα οἰκονομεῖ: ὁ δὲ ἱερεὺς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ δανείζει γλῶτταν, καὶ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ παρέχει χεῖρα. Καὶ γὰρ οὐδὲ δίκαιον ἦν διὰ τὴν ἑτέρου κακίαν εἰς τὰ σύμβολα τῆς σωτηρίας ἡμῶν τοὺς πίστει προσιόντας παραβλάπτεσθαι. Ταῦτα οὖν ἅπαντα εἰδότες, καὶ τὸν Θεὸν φοβώμεθα, καὶ τοὺς ἱερέας αὐτοῦ ἐντίμως ἔχωμεν, πᾶσαν αὐτοῖς ἀπονέμοντες τιμήν: ἵνα καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν οἰκείων κατορθωμάτων, καὶ ὑπὲρ τῆς εἰς ἐκείνους θεραπείας πολλὴν λάβωμεν παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν ἀμοιβὴν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ, ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, δόξα, κράτος, τιμὴ, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.