Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho

Hereupon Trypho, after I had spoken these words, said, “Do not now suppose that I am endeavouring, by asking what I do ask, to overturn the statements you have made; but I wish to receive information respecting those very points about which I now inquire. Tell me, then, how, when the Scripture asserts by Isaiah, ‘There shall come forth a rod from the root of Jesse; and a flower shall grow up from the root of Jesse; and the Spirit of God shall rest upon Him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and piety: and the spirit of the fear of the Lord shall fill Him:’345 Isa. xi. 1 ff. (now you admitted to me,” continued he, “that this referred to Christ, and you maintain Him to be pre-existent God, and having become incarnate by God’s will, to be born man by the Virgin:) how He can be demonstrated to have been pre-existent, who is filled with the powers of the Holy Ghost, which the Scripture by Isaiah enumerates, as if He were in lack of them?”

Then I replied, “You have inquired most discreetly and most prudently, for truly there does seem to be a difficulty; but listen to what I say, that you may perceive the reason of this also. The Scripture says that these enumerated powers of the Spirit have come on Him, not because He stood in need of them, but because they would rest in Him, i.e., would find their accomplishment in Him, so that there would be no more prophets in your nation after the ancient custom: and this fact you plainly perceive. For after Him no prophet has arisen among you. Now, that [you may know that] your prophets, each receiving some one or two powers from God, did and spoke the things which we have learned from the Scriptures, attend to the following remarks of mine. Solomon possessed the spirit of wisdom, Daniel that of understanding and counsel, Moses that of might and piety, Elijah that of fear, and Isaiah that of knowledge; and so with the others: each possessed one power, or one joined alternately with another; also Jeremiah, and the twelve [prophets], and David, and, in short, the rest who existed amongst you. Accordingly He346 He, that is, the Spirit. The following “He” is Christ. rested, i.e., ceased, when He came, after whom, in the times of this dispensation wrought out by Him amongst men,347 Or, “wrought out amongst His people.” So Otto. it was requisite that such gifts should cease from you; and having received their rest in Him, should again, as had been predicted, become gifts which, from the grace of His Spirit’s power, He imparts to those who believe in Him, according as He deems each man worthy thereof. I have already said, and do again say, that it had been prophesied that this would be done by Him after His ascension to heaven. It is accordingly said,348 Literally, “He said accordingly.” Ps. lxviii. 18. ‘He ascended on high, He led captivity captive, He gave gifts unto the sons of men.’ And again, in another prophecy it is said: ‘And it shall come to pass after this, I will pour out My Spirit on all flesh, and on My servants, and on My handmaids, and they shall prophesy.’349 Joel ii. 28 f.

[87] Καὶ ὁ Τρύφων, εἰπόντος μου ταῦτα, ἔφη: Μή με λοιπὸν ὑπολάμβανε, ἀνατρέπειν πειρώμενον τὰ ὑπὸ σοῦ λεγόμενα, πυνθάνεσθαι ὅσα ἂν πυνθάνωμαι, ἀλλὰ βούλεσθαι μανθάνειν περὶ τούτων αὐτῶν ὧν ἂν ἐρωτῶ. εἰπὲ οὖν μοι, διὰ τοῦ Ἠσαίου εἰπόντος τοῦ λόγου: Ἐξελεύσεται ῥάβδος ἐκ τῆς ῥίζης Ἰεσσαί, καὶ ἄνθος ἀναβήσεται ἐκ τῆς ῥίζης Ἰεσσαί, καὶ ἀναπαύσεται ἐπ' αὐτὸν πνεῦμα θεοῦ, πνεῦμα σοφίας καὶ συνέσεως, πνεῦμα βουλῆς καὶ ἰσχύος, πνεῦμα γνώσεως καὶ εὐσεβείας, καὶ ἐμπλήσει αὐτὸν πνεῦμα φόβου θεοῦ, καὶ ὁμολογήσας ταῦτα πρός με, ἔλεγεν, εἰς Χριστὸν εἰρῆσθαι, καὶ θεὸν αὐτὸν προϋπάρχοντα λέγεις, καὶ κατὰ τὴν βουλὴν τοῦ θεοῦ σαρκοποιηθέντα αὐτὸν λέγεις διὰ τῆς παρθένου γεγεννῆσθαι ἄνθρωπον, πῶς δύναται ἀποδειχθῆναι προϋπάρχων, ὅστις διὰ τῶν δυνάμεων τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου, ἃς καταριθμεῖ ὁ λόγος διὰ Ἠσαίου, πληροῦται ὡς ἐνδεὴς τούτων ὑπάρχων; Κἀγὼ ἀπεκρινάμην: Νουνεχέστατα μὲν καὶ συνετώτατα ἠρώτησας: ἀληθῶς γὰρ ἀπόρημα δοκεῖ εἶναι: ἀλλ' ἵνα εἰδῇς καὶ τὸν περὶ τούτων λόγον, ἄκουε ὧν λέγω. ταύτας τὰς κατηριθμημένας τοῦ πνεύματος δυνάμεις οὐχ ὡς ἐνδεοῦς αὐτοῦ τούτων ὄντος φησὶν ὁ λόγος ἐπεληλυθέναι ἐπ' αὐτόν, ἀλλ' ὡς ἐπ' ἐκεῖνον ἀνάπαυσιν μελλουσῶν ποιεῖσθαι, τοῦτ' ἔστιν ἐπ' αὐτοῦ πέρας ποιεῖσθαι, τοῦ μηκέτι ἐν τῷ γένει ὑμῶν κατὰ τὸ παλαιὸν ἔθος προφήτας γενήσεσθαι, ὅπερ καὶ ὄψει ὑμῖν ἰδεῖν ἔστι: μετ' ἐκεῖνον γὰρ οὐδεὶς ὅλως προφήτης παρ' ὑμῖν γεγένηται. καὶ ὅτι οἱ παρ' ὑμῖν προφῆται, ἕκαστος μίαν τινὰ ἢ καὶ δευτέραν δύναμιν παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ λαμβάνοντες, ταῦτα ἐποίουν καὶ ἐλάλουν ἃ καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀπὸ τῶν γραφῶν ἐμάθομεν, κατανοήσατε καὶ τὰ ὑπ' ἐμοῦ λεγόμενα. σοφίας μὲν γὰρ πνεῦμα Σολομῶν ἔσχε, συνέσεως δὲ καὶ βουλῆς Δανιήλ, ἰσχύος δὲ καὶ εὐσεβείας Μωυσῆς, καὶ Ἠλίας φόβου, καὶ γνώσεως Ἠσαίας: καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι αὖ ὁμοίως ἢ μίαν ἕκαστος ἢ ἐναλλὰξ ἄλλην τινὰ μετ' ἄλλης δυνάμεως ἔσχον, οἷον καὶ Ἰερεμίας καὶ οἱ δώδεκα καὶ Δαυεὶδ καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἁπλῶς ὅσοι γεγόνασι παρ' ὑμῖν προφῆται. ἀνεπαύσατο οὖν, τοῦτ' ἔστιν ἐπαύσατο, ἐλθόντος ἐκείνου, μεθ' ὅν, τῆς οἰκονομίας ταύτης τῆς ἐν ἀνθρώποις αὐτοῦ γενομένης χρόνοις, παύσασθαι ἔδει αὐτὰ ἀφ' ὑμῶν, καὶ ἐν τούτῳ ἀνάπαυσιν λαβόντα πάλιν, ὡς ἐπεπροφήτευτο γενήσεσθαι δόματα, ἃ ἀπὸ τῆς χάριτος τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ πνεύματος ἐκείνου τοῖς ἐπ' αὐτὸν πιστεύουσι δίδωσιν, ὡς ἄξιον ἕκαστον ἐπίσταται. ὅτι ἐπεπροφήτευτο τοῦτο μέλλειν γίνεσθαι ὑπ' αὐτοῦ μετὰ τὴν εἰς οὐρανὸν ἀνέλευσιν αὐτοῦ, εἶπον μὲν ἤδη καὶ πάλιν λέγω. εἶπεν οὖν: Ἀνέβη εἰς ὕψος, ᾐχμαλώτευσεν αἰχμαλωσίαν, ἔδωκε δόματα τοῖς υἱοῖς τῶν ἀνθρώπων. καὶ πάλιν ἐν ἑτέρᾳ προφητείᾳ εἴρηται: Καὶ ἔσται μετὰ ταῦτα, ἐκχεῶ τὸ πνεῦμά μου ἐπὶ πᾶσαν σάρκα καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς δούλους μου καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς δούλας μου, καὶ προφητεύσουσι.