,

imitating, and through prayer to cry out to God and to be heard and to receive an angel, I mean a word of greater wisdom and knowledge, at the time of the uprising of wicked demons, and to destroy every powerful one and warrior and ruler and general, that is, the passionate movements of desire and of anger and the attachment to sensible things and the reasoning which, like a general, devises ways of sin, and thus to be at peace through the release from the passions and to be at leisure for the contemplation of beings, and to receive the principles of knowledge which hold things together like gifts and the ways that constitute the virtues like presents, offered to him by all creation for both the glory of God and his own progress, and after this, to be fittingly exalted before the eyes of all the nations, that is, to be above all the passions according to virtue and above all created things according to knowledge, and to guard through humility the grace of salvation, and not to suffer the things that follow these according to Scripture.

SCHOLIA 1. For these three reasons God sowed spiritual principles and ways of noble conduct in visible nature: so that the Creator of created things might be proclaimed, and so that man, being instructed by the precepts and ways according to nature, might easily find the path of righteousness that leads to him; and so that none of the unbelievers might have ignorance as a pretext for an excuse.

1. The sensible and the intelligible are intermediaries between God and men; above which the human (14B_386> mind goes, proceeding towards God; not being enslaved to sensible things in practice; and not at all being held by intelligible things in contemplation.

2. Creation, he says, becomes an accuser of impious men; through the principles within it, proclaiming its own Creator; and through the natural laws within it corresponding to each species, instructing man towards virtue. The principles, then, are known in the coherence of the permanence of each species; and the laws are seen in the identity of the natural energy of each species; by not attending to which, according to the intellectual power in us, we have both been ignorant of the cause of beings, and have become attached to all the passions contrary to nature.

3. Man, by understanding the spiritual principles of visible things, is taught that there is a Creator of the things that appear; leaving the concept of what He is like unexamined, as being unattainable. For visible creation wisely provides the apprehension that He is Creator, but not what the Creator is like. Therefore Scripture has called the principles of visible things gifts, as signifying lordship over all; and presents, their natural laws, through which, what each of beings is like according to its species being known, it teaches man not to corrupt what is according to nature with a foreign law.

4. We have received faith in God as a gift, he says, it being a knowledge established immediately concerning God; which possesses indemonstrable scientific knowledge. For it is the substance of things hoped for, of things not yet comprehended by the knowledge of any being.

5. Faith is brought before virtue, he says; and virtue, before knowledge; but before faith, absolutely nothing. For faith is the beginning of the (14B_388> good things among men; before which nothing is naturally introduced by us.

6. Nothing, he says, is of equal weight to faith. 7. The gnostic mind, he says, accepts the principles of beings as advocates for faith in God, but not as producers of faith. For the principles of things that have come into being are not the beginning of faith; since then what is believed would also be circumscribed. Of which

μιμούμενος, καὶ διὰ προσευχῆς βοῆσαι πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν καὶ εἰσακουσθῆναι καὶ δέξασθαι ἄγγελον, λέγω δὲ σοφίας μείζονος λόγον καὶ γνώσεως, ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τῆς τῶν πονηρῶν δαιμόνων ἐπαναστάσεως, καὶ ἐκτρίψαι πάντα δυνατὸν καὶ πολεμιστὴν καὶ ἄρχοντα καὶ στρατηγόν, τουτέστι τὰς ἐμπαθεῖς τῆς ἐπιθυμίας καὶ τοῦ θυμοῦ κινήσεις καὶ τῶν αἰσθητῶν τὴν προσπάθειαν καὶ τὸν καθάπερ στρατηγὸν ἐπινοοῦντα τοὺς καθ᾽ ἁμαρτίαν τρόπους λογισμόν, καὶ οὕτως ἐν εἰρήνῃ γενέσθαι διὰ τῆς ἀπαλλαγῆς τῶν παθῶν καὶ σχολάσαι τῇ τῶν ὄντων θεωρίᾳ, καὶ δέξασθαι τοὺς συνεκτικοὺς τῆς γνώσεως λόγους καθάπερ δῶρα καὶ τοὺς τῶν ἀρετῶν συστατικοὺς τρόπους καθάπερ δόματα πρός τε δόξαν Θεοῦ καὶ προκοπὴν ἑαυτοῦ παρὰ πάσης αὐτῷ προσφερομένους τῆς κτίσεως, καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο πρεπόντως κατ᾽ ὀφθαλμοὺς ὑπεραρθῆναι πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν, τουτέστι ὑπεράνω πάντων τῶν παθῶν κατὰ τὴν ἀρετὴν καὶ πάντων τῶν κτισμάτων γενέσθαι κατὰ τὴν γνῶσιν, καὶ φυλάξαι διὰ μετριοφροσύνης τὴν χάριν τῆς σωτηρίας, καὶ μὴ παθεῖν τὰ τούτοις κατὰ τὴν Γραφὴν ἑπόμενα.

ΣΧΟΛΙΑ α΄. Τριῶν τούτων ἕνεκεν ἐγκατέσπειρεν ὁ Θεός τῇ ὁρωμένῃ φύσει λόγους

πνευματικούς καί τρόπους ἀγωγῆς ἀστείας· ὥστε κηρύττεσθαι τόν Ποιητήν τῶν κτισμάτων, καί ὥστε τόν ἄνθρωπον τοῖς κατά φύσιν θεσμοῖς τε καί τρόποις παιδαγωγούμενον, εὑρεῖν εὐμαρῶς τήν πρός αὐτόν ἄγουσαν τῆς δικαιοσύνης ὁδόν· καί ἵνα μηδείς τῶν ἀπίστων, πρόφασιν ἀπολογίας ἔχῃ τήν ἄγνοιαν.

1. Μέσα Θεοῦ καί ἀνθρώπων εἰσί τά αἰσθητά καί τά νοητά· ὧν ὑπεράνω γίνεται χωρῶν πρός Θεόν ὁ ἀνθρώπινος (14Β_386> νοῦς· τοῖς μέν αἰσθητοῖς κατά τήν πρᾶξιν μή δουλούμενος· τοῖς νοητοῖς δέ κατά τήν θεωρίαν μηδόλως κρατούμενος.

2. Ὅτι κατήγορος ἡ κτίσις γίνεται, φησίν, τῶν ἀσεβῶν ἀνθρώπων· διά μέν τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ λόγων τόν ἑαυτῆς κηρύττουσα Ποιητήν· διά δέ τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ κατ᾿ εἶδος ἕκαστον φυσικῶν νόμων πρός ἀρετήν παιδαγωγοῦσα τόν ἄνθρωπον. Οἱ μέν οὖν λόγοι ἐν τῇ συνοχῇ τῆς τοῦ καθέκαστον εἴδους γνωρίζονται μονιμότητος· οἱ δέ νόμοι, ἐν τῇ ταυτότητι φαίνονται τῆς τοῦ καθέκαστον εἴδους φυσικῆς ἐνεργείας· οἷς μή ἐπιβάλλοντες κατά τήν ἐν ἡμῖν νοεράν δύναμιν, τήν τε τῶν ὄντων ἠγνοήσαμεν αἰτίαν, καί πᾶσι τοῖς παρά φύσιν προστετήκαμεν πάθεσιν.

3. Ὁ ἄνθρωπος τούς πνευματικούς τῶν ὁρωμένων λόγους κατανοῶν διδάσκεται, ὡς ἔστι τῶν φαινομένων Ποιητής· τήν τοῦ ὁποῖός ἐστιν ἔννοιαν, ὡς ἀνέφικτον ἀφείς ἀνεξέταστον. Τήν γάρ ὅτι Ποιητής, ἀλλ᾿ οὐχ ὁποῖός ἐστιν ὁ Ποιητής ὁρωμένη σοφῶς ἡ κτίσις παρέχει κατάληψιν. ∆ιόπερ δῶρα μέν κέκληκεν ἡ Γραφή τούς λόγους τῶν ὁρωμένων, ὡς τῆς κατά πάντων δεσποτείας μηνυτικούς· δόματα δέ, τούς φυσικούς αὐτῶν νόμους, δι᾿ ὧν ὁποῖόν τι τῶν ὄντων ἕκαστον ὑπάρχει κατ᾿ εἶδος γνωριζόμενον διδάσκει τόν ἄνθρωπον, ἀλλοτρίῳ νόμῳ μή παραφθείρειν τόν κατά φύσιν.

4. Κατά δωρεάν φησίν τήν Θεόν εἰλήφαμεν πίστιν, γνῶσιν ὑπάρχουσαν ἀμέσως περί Θεόν ἱδρυμένην· ἥτις ἀναπόδεικτον ἔχει τήν ἐπιστήμην. Ἐλπιζομένων γάρ ἐστιν ὑπόστασις πραγμάτων, οὕπω γνώσει τῶν ὄντων τινός περιληφθέντων.

5. Ἀρετῆς μέν προεισφέρεται πίστις, φησίν· ἀρετή δέ, γνώσεως· πίστεως δέ, παντελῶς οὐδέν. Ἀρχή γάρ τῶν ἐν ἀνθρώποις (14Β_388> καλῶν ἡ πίστις· ἧς οὐδέν παρ᾿ ἡμῶν προεισάγεσθαι πέφυκεν.

6. Οὐδέν φησίν ἐστιν πίστεως ἰσοστάσιον. 7. Συνηγόρους τῆς εἰς τόν Θεόν πίστεως τούς τῶν ὄντων ὁ γνωστικός νοῦς

δέχεται λόγους φησίν, ἀλλ᾿ οὐ ποιητικούς τῆς πίστεως. Οὐκ εἰσί γάρ ἀρχή τῆς πίστεως οἱ λόγοι τῶν γεγονότων· ἐπεί καί περιγραπτόν ἔσται τό πιστευόμενον. Οὗ