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When earthquakes occurred, Atalante near Locris was split off and became an island. During these times the Athenians also used the 24 Greek letters, there previously being only 16. And Socrates, through the foolishness of the Athenians, died by drinking the hemlock. Helike and Boura, cities of Achaia, were cast down by great earthquakes; the traces of which are still visible under the sea to those sailing from Patras to Corinth on the right. That Scipio Africanus, a Roman dictator, having sacked Carthage, renamed the land Africa.

1.256 That Gauls and Celts controlled Rome except for the Capitol. Aristotle was a student of Plato from seventeen years of his age. In his time Dionysius was tyrant of the Sicilians, during whose time Plato, having travelled abroad for the sake of inquiry into the so-called Aetnaean craters of fire, became known to the tyrant. who also asks Plato who is happy among men, hoping to hear from the philosopher "you." But he said, "Socrates of all men, and the philosophers living according to him." And again he asked what is the work of a statesman, desiring to hear "to judge rightly;" for Dionysius boasted in this. But he answered, "To make the citizens noble and good." Then he says, "To judge rightly, whose work does it seem to you?" "To judge rightly is some small part of a statesman's work; for they are like menders who re-weave torn garments." And a third time he asked him, saying what it is to be a tyrant, "what sort of thing does it seem to you?" To whom Plato replied, "A very terrible thing, where one fears even the barber's razors." Artaxerxes, called Ochus, 26 years, Arses Ochus 2 years, Darius son of Arsamus 6 years. And when Alexander of Macedon, concerning whom it will be spoken more fully in the books of the Kingdoms, was attacking the Persians, the men around Bessus kill Darius in Bactria. And the kingdom of the Persians is overthrown, having extended for 1.257 three hundred years in all, of which 70 were of the captivity, and the subsequent 230. years of the world #22δψμγʹ. Romulus and Remus. These full brothers were born as twins by Julia, the daughter of Amulius, who was a priestess of Ares and had been debauched by a certain soldier. The grandfather Amulius, therefore, enraged by the fornication, exposed them in the woods; a woman who was pasturing sheep on the mountain found them and raised them. And it was customary for the local people to call such women she-wolves because they mostly spent their time in the mountains with wolves; wherefore it is told in a story that these too were raised by a she-wolf. This Romulus founded Rome, calling it by his own name. And having selected one hundred older and sensible men, he designated them patricians and presidents of public affairs, and named the men senators and councillors on account of their age. And from these, having chosen the ten best, he called them patricians by a transfer from the term "fathers." And he enrolled three hundred horsemen and three thousand foot-soldiers for the guard of the city. And he divided the populace into four tribes. And he built a great temple to Zeus Picus, and having found the weapons of Hercules, who was born from Picus Zeus, he deposited them there. And he also renewed the palace called after Pallas. And he built a temple to Ares, and while dedicating it in the month first called Primus among them, he renamed the month Martius, which is interpreted as Ares. in which he also deposited the Palladium 1.258 from Troy. Remus, having risen up against Romulus, was killed. When this happened, earthquakes and disturbances and civil wars did not cease to occur in the city, until he learned from the oracle of the Pythia that "because of the murder of your brother these things are happening, and they will not cease unless he be seated with you in the kingdom." Therefore, having made a golden statue representing the face of his brother, he arranged for it to be placed wherever he himself was. And he also commanded his magistrates to do this; and if he ordered anything, he would declare it as from the two, such as "we commanded," "we decreed,"

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σεισμῶν γενομένων ἡ πρὸς Λόκροις Ἀταλάντη σχισθεῖσα νῆσος ἐγένετο. κατὰ τούτους τοὺς χρόνους καὶ οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι τοῖς κδʹ Ἑλληνικοῖς γράμμασιν ἐχρήσαντο, μόνα ι ϛʹ ὄντα πρότερον. καὶ Σωκράτης ἐξ ἀνοίας τῶν Ἀθηναίων τὸ κώνειον πιὼν ἐτελεύτα. Ἑλίκη καὶ ἡ Βοῦρα, πόλεις Ἀχαΐας, μεγάλοις σεισμοῖς κατεπτώθησαν· ὧν ἔτι κατὰ θάλασσαν τὰ ἴχνη φαίνονται τοῖς πλέουσιν ἀπὸ Πατρῶν ἐπὶ Κόρινθον δεξιᾷ. Ὅτι Σκηπίων Ἀφρικανὸς Ῥωμαῖος δικτάτωρ, πορθήσας Καρχηδόνα, Ἀφρικὴν τὴν χώραν μετωνόμασεν.

1.256 Ὅτι Γαλάται καὶ Κελτοὶ Ῥώμης ἐκράτουν πλὴν τοῦ Καπιτωλίου. Ἀριστοτέλης τῷ Πλάτωνι μαθητεύει ἀπὸ δεκαεπτὰ χρόνων τῆς ἡλικίας αὐτοῦ. Ἐπ' αὐτοῦ ∆ιονύσιος ἐτυράννει τῶν Σικελῶν, καθ' ὃν ὁ Πλάτων ἀποδημήσας ἱστορίας ἕνεκα τῶν λεγομένων Αἰτναίων κρατήρων τοῦ πυρὸς τῷ τυράννῳ γινώσκεται. ὃς καὶ ἐπερωτᾷ Πλάτωνα τίς εὐδαίμων ἐν ἀνθρώποις, ἐλπίζων ἀκοῦσαι παρὰ τοῦ φιλοσόφου ὅτι σύ. ὁ δὲ εἶπε "Σωκράτης ἁπάντων, καὶ οἱ κατ' ἐκεῖνον ζῶντες φιλόσοφοι." καὶ αὖθις ἠρώτα τί ἔργον πολιτικόν, ποθῶν ἀκοῦσαι τὸ ὀρθῶς δικάζειν· ηὔχει γὰρ ἐπὶ τούτῳ ∆ιονύ σιος. ὁ δὲ ἀπεκρίνατο "τὸ καλοὺς καὶ ἀγαθοὺς ποιεῖν τοὺς πολί τας." εἶτά φησι "τὸ ὀρθῶς δικάζειν τίνος ἔργον σοι δοκεῖ;" "μόριόν τι μικρὸν πολιτικοῦ τὸ δικάζειν ὀρθῶς· ἀκεσταῖς γὰρ ἐοίκασι τοῖς τὰ διερρωγότα ἱμάτια ἀνυφαίνουσιν." καὶ τρίτον αὐτὸν ἐπανήρετο ὅ τι τύραννον εἶναι, φάσκων, ποταπόν σοι φαί νεται; πρὸς ὃν ἀντέφησε Πλάτων "σφόδρα δεινόν, ὅπου γε καὶ τὰ κουρευτικὰ μαχαίρια φοβεῖται." Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ ἐπικληθεὶς Ὦχος ἔτη κ ϛʹ, Ἄρσης Ὦχος ἔτηβʹ, ∆αρεῖος Ἀρσάμου ἔτη ϛʹ. Ἀλεξάνδρου δὲ τοῦ Μακεδόνος, περὶ οὗ ἐν ταῖς βασιλείαις εἰρήσεται πλατύτερον, Πέρσαις ἐπικει μένου ∆αρεῖον οἱ περὶ τὸν Βῆσσον ἀναιροῦσιν ἐν Βάκτροις. καὶ καταλύεται ἡ Περσῶν βασιλεία, ἐφ' ὅλοις παρατείνασα ἔτεσι 1.257 τριακοσίοις, ὧν τὰ μὲν τῆς μετοικεσίας οʹ, τὰ δὲ ἑξῆς σλʹ. κόσμου ἔτη #22δψμγʹ. Ῥωμύλος καὶ Ῥῶμος. οἱ αὐτάδελφοι οὗτοι ὑπὸ Ἰουλίας θυγατρὸς Ἀμουλίου, ἱερείας τοῦ Ἄρεος οὔσης καὶ ὑπό τινος στρατιώτου πορνευθείσης, δίδυμα ἐγεννήθη. ὁ τοίνυν πάππος Ἀμούλιος διὰ τὴν πορνείαν παροξυνθεὶς εἰς τὰς ὕλας αὐτοὺς ἐξέ θετο· οὓς εὑροῦσα γυνὴ πρόβατα νέμουσα ἐν τῷ ὄρει ἀνεθρέ ψατο. εἴθιστο δὲ τοῖς ἐγχωρίοις λυκαίνας τὰς τοιαύτας καλεῖν γυναῖκας διὰ τὸ ἐπίπαν ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσι μετὰ λύκων διατρίβειν· διὸ καὶ τούτους ὑπὸ λυκαίνης ἀνατραφῆναι μυθολογεῖται. οὗτος ὁ Ῥωμύλος Ῥώμην κατεσκεύασε, τῇ οἰκείᾳ προσηγορίᾳ ταύτην καλέσας. τοὺς δὲ πρεσβυτέρους καὶ ἐχέφρονας ἐπιλεξάμενος ἑκατὸν πατρικίους αὐτοὺς καὶ προέδρους τῶν κοινῶν ἀπέφηνε πραγμάτων, καὶ σενάτορας καὶ βουλευτὰς διὰ τὴν ἡλικίαν τοὺς ἄνδρας ὠνόμα σεν. ἐκ τούτων δὲ δέκα τοὺς ἀρίστους ἐπιλεξάμενος πατρικίους ἐκάλεσεν ἐκ μεταφορᾶς τῶν πατέρων. τριακοσίους δὲ ἱππεῖς καὶ τρισχιλίους πεζοὺς πρὸς τὴν τῆς πόλεως φρουρὰν ἀπεγράψατο στρατιώτας. εἰς φυλὰς δὲ τέσσαρας τὸ τοῦ δήμου διένειμε πλῆ θος. τῷ δὲ ∆ιὶ Πίκῳ μέγαν ναὸν ᾠκοδόμησε, καὶ εὑρηκὼς τὰ τοῦ Ἡρακλέους ὅπλα τοῦ ἐκ Πίκου ∆ιὸς γενομένου ἐκεῖ ταῦτα ἀπέθετο. ἀνενέωσε δὲ καὶ τὸ ἀπὸ Πάλαντος καλούμενον παλά τιον. τῷ δὲ Ἄρει ᾠκοδόμησε ναόν, ὃν ἐγκαινίζοντες ἐν μηνὶ τῷ παρ' αὐτοῖς πρῶτον πρίμῳ καλουμένῳ, Μάρτιον μετωνόμασε τὸν μῆνα, ὃ ἑρμηνεύεται Ἄρης. ἐν ᾧ καὶ τὸ Παλλάδιον ἀπέθετο τὸ 1.258 ἀπὸ Τροίας. Ῥῶμος ἐπαναστὰς Ῥωμύλῳ πεφόνευται. οὗ γενομένου οὐ διέλιπον ἐν τῇ πόλει γίνεσθαι σεισμοὶ καὶ θόρυβοι καὶ ἐμφύλιοι πόλεμοι, ἄχρις οὗ ἐκ τοῦ μαντείου τῆς Πυθίας ἔμαθεν ὅτι διὰ τὸν φόνον τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου ταῦτα γίνεται, καὶ οὐ παύ σονται εἰ μὴ συγκαθεσθῇ σοι ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ. ποιήσας οὖν στή λην χρυσῆν ἐκτυποῦσαν τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ, παρε σκεύασε τίθεσθαι αὐτὴν ἔνθα ἂν αὐτὸς ἦν. ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἄρχοντας αὐτοῦ τοῦτο ποιεῖν· καὶ εἴ τι ἂν προσέταξεν, ὡς ἀπὸ τῶν δύο ἀπέφαινεν, οἷον ἐκελεύσαμεν, ἐθεσπίσαμεν,