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An explanation of these things comes more from vision and contemplation of them. For it is entirely necessary for anyone explaining something, say a house or a city, or some palace and the order and condition within it, or again some theater and the things performed in it, first to see and understand the things in them, and then to speak thoughtfully and reasonably about what he wishes to speak. For if he does not first see, what could he say of his own accord? What understanding will he obtain from elsewhere when narrating about a thing that has not yet been seen at all? What thought, tell me, or cleverness or learning, what prudence, reflection and inventiveness and reasoning will he find at the right moment to speak about what he does not know? For to say something about things one does not know or has not seen is completely irrational and uneducated. If, then, concerning visible and earthly things no one can say or narrate anything unless he becomes an eyewitness of the thing, how, brothers, could anyone be strong enough to speak or narrate about God and divine things and the very saints and servants of God, what a complete relationship they have had with God and what the vision of God is like which is ineffably engendered in them? Which creates an unutterable energy intellectually in their hearts, even if human reason does not grant to say anything more, not being previously enlightened with the light of knowledge, according to the commanding precept.

But when you hear "light of knowledge," so that we may enlighten you in all things, do not suppose it to be only knowledge of things said without light. For He did not say a narration or word of knowledge, but light of knowledge and knowledge's light, as (216) the light, clearly, creates the knowledge in us; for otherwise it is not possible for anyone to know God, except through the contemplation of the light sent forth from Him. For just as one who narrates to others about a person or some city speaks to them what he saw and has seen, but the listeners who have not seen the person or the city about which they are also hearing, cannot from hearing alone know about the person and about the city, as can the one who has seen and narrates, so also concerning the Jerusalem above and the invisible God who dwells in it, concerning the unapproachable glory of His face and concerning the energy and power of His all-holy Spirit, that is, light, no one can speak, unless he first sees that light itself with the eyes of the soul and knows accurately its illuminations and energies in himself. But even if through the divine Scriptures he should hear those who have seen God speaking through them, he is taught those things only through the Spirit; whence he cannot even say that "I have come into the knowledge of God" through this hearing alone. For how is it possible to know one whom he has not seen? For if vision alone does not create in us humans perfect knowledge of what is seen by us, how could hearing alone create in us the knowledge of God? God is light and His vision is as light; so then, in the vision of the light is the first knowledge that it is God, just as in the case of a man, first there is hearing about him, then vision, and in seeing him, there is knowledge that he is the man about whom they were hearing. And not even so does the meaning of what is said stand firm; for whatever someone might tell you about a man from hearing, when you see him, you cannot recognize him accurately from hearing alone and be fully assured that he is the one about whom you heard, but the soul is divided by doubt and either asks the man himself or someone else who knows him, and then you learn for certain that he is that very one.

Thus, then, it also happens in exactly the same way concerning the invisible God. (217) For when someone beholds Him revealed, he sees light; having seen, he marvels, but he does not know at once who has appeared, nor does he dare to ask him—for how could he, when he is not even able to look up with his eyes and see what He is like? but he looks only in much trembling and fear as it were at His feet, knowing only that it is someone who has appeared before his face. And if there is one who has explained these things to him beforehand, as one who foreknew

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περί τούτων ἐξήγησις ἐκ τῆς ὁράσεως μᾶλλον γίνεται καί τῆς θεωρίας αὐτῶν. Πᾶσα γάρ ἀνάγκη παντί τῷ ἐξηγουμένῳ περί τινος πράγματος, οἴκου φέρε εἰπεῖν ἤ πόλεως, ἤ παλατίου τινός καί τῆς ἐν αὐτῷ τάξεώς τε καί καταστάσεως, ἤ περί θεάτρου πάλιν τινός καί τῶν ἐν αὐτῷ τελουμένων, ἰδεῖν μέν πρότερον καί καταμαθεῖν τά ἐν τούτοις, εἶθ᾿ οὕτως περί οὗ εἰπεῖν βούλεται ἐστοχασμένως καί λελογισμένως εἰπεῖν. Ἐπεί, ἐάν μή πρότερον ἴδῃ, τί ἄν καί οἴκοθεν εἴποι; Ποίαν δέ νόησιν πρός τήν τοῦ μήπω μηδαμῶς ὁραθέντος πράγματος ἄλλοθεν πορίσεται διηγούμενος; Ποίαν, εἰπέ μοι, ἐνθύμησιν ἤ εὐφυΐαν ἤ μάθησιν, ποίαν δέ φρόνησιν, σκέψιν τε καί ἐπίνοιαν καί συλλογισμόν εὑρήσει καιρίως περί οὗ οὐκ οἶδεν εἰπεῖν; Τό γάρ εἰπεῖν τι περί ὧν οὐκ οἶδεν ἤ οὐκ ἐθέασατο πάντως ἄλογον καί ἀπαίδευτον. Εἰ τοίνυν περί ὁρωμένων καί ἐπιγείων οὐδείς εἰπεῖν τι ἤ διηγήσασθαι δύναται, εἰ μή αὐτόπτης τοῦ πράγματος γένηται, πῶς εἰπεῖν τις ἰσχύσειεν ἤ διηγήσασθαι, ἀδελφοί, περί Θεοῦ καί θείων πραγμάτων καί αὐτῶν τῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἁγίων καί δούλων, οἵαν ἐκεῖνοι τήν ὁλικήν πρός τόν Θεόν ἐσχήκασι σχέσιν καί οἵαν ἐστίν ἡ τοῦ Θεοῦ ὅρασις ἡ ἐν αὐτοῖς ἀρρήτως ἐγγινομένη; Ἥτις ἐνέργειαν ἄφθεγκτον ἐμποιεῖ νοερῶς ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν, εἰ καί μή πλέον εἰπεῖν τι ὁ ἀνθρώπινος δίδωσι λόγος, μή πρότερον φωτισθείς φῶς γνώσεως, κατά τήν κελεύουσαν ἐντολήν.

Φῶς δέ γνώσεως ὅταν ἀκούσῃς, ἵνα σε διά πάντων φωταγωγήσωμεν, μή ὑπολάβῃς γνῶσιν εἶναι μόνην τῶν λεγομένων δίχα φωτός. Οὐ γάρ εἶπε διήγησιν ἤ λόγον γνώσεως, ἀλλά φῶς γνώσεως καί γνώσεως φῶς, ὡς τοῦ (216) φωτός δηλονότι ἐμποιοῦντος τήν γνῶσιν ἡμῖν· ἄλλως γάρ οὐκ ἔστι γνῶναί τινα τόν Θεόν, εἰ μή διά τῆς θεωρίας τοῦ ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἐκπεμπομένου φωτός. Ὥσπερ γάρ ὁ περί ἀνθρώπου ἤ περί πόλεώς τινος πρός τινας διηγούμενος, ἐκεῖνος μέν ἅ εἶδε καί ἅ ἑώρακε λαλεῖ πρός αὐτούς, οἱ δέ ἀκούοντες μή θεασάμενοι τόν ἄνθρωπον ἤ τήν πόλιν περί ἧς καί ἀκούουσιν, οὐ δύναται ἀπό τῆς ἀκοῆς μόνης, ὡς ὁ ἰδών καί διηγούμενος τά περί τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, γινώσκειν καί τά περί τῆς πόλεως, οὕτως καί περί τῆς ἄνω Ἱερουσαλήμ καί τοῦ ἐν αὐτῇ κατοικοῦντος ἀοράτου Θεοῦ, περί τῆς ἀπροσίτου δόξης τε τοῦ προσώπου αὐτοῦ καί περί τῆς ἐνεργείας καί δυνάμεως τοῦ παναγίου αὐτοῦ Πνεύματος, εἴτ᾿ οὖν φωτός, οὐδείς εἰπεῖν δύναται, εἰ μή πρῶτον αὐτό τό φῶς ἴδῃ ψυχῆς ὀφθαλμοῖς καί ἀκριβῶς γνῷ τάς αὐτοῦ ἐλλάμψεις καί ἐνεργείας ἐν αὐτῷ. Ἀλλ᾿ εἰ τι καί διά τῶν θείων ἀκούοι Γραφῶν λαλοῦντας δι᾿ αὐτῶν τούς τόν Θεόν ἰδόντας, διά τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐκεῖνα καί μόνα διδάσκεται· ὅθεν οὐδέ δύναται λέγειν ὅτι ἐν γνώσει γέγονα τοῦ θεοῦ διά μόνης ταύτης τῆς ἀκοῆς. Ὅν γάρ οὐχ ἑώρακε πῶς γινώσκειν ἐνδέχεται; Εἰ γάρ ἡ ὅρασις μόνη τελείαν τήν γνῶσιν τοῦ ὁρωμένου παρ᾿ ἡμῶν ἀνθρώπων οὐκ ἐμποιεῖ ἐν ἡμῖν, πῶς ἡ ἀκοή μόνη τήν τοῦ Θεοῦ γνῶσιν ἡμῖν ἐμποιήσειε; Φῶς ὁ Θεός καί ὡς φῶς ἡ θέα αὐτοῦ· ἐν γοῦν τῇ τοῦ φωτός θέᾳ γνῶσις πρώτη ὅτι Θεός, καθά καί ἐπί τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἀκοή πρῶτον περί αὐτοῦ, εἶτα ὅρασις, καί ἐν τῷ αὐτόν ἰδεῖν γνῶσις ὅτι ἄνθρωπός ἐστι περί οὗ ἤκουον. Καί οὐδέ οὕτως ἵσταται τοῦ λεγομένου ἡ ἔννοια· ὅσα γάρ ἄν ἐξ ἀκοῆς σοί τις εἴπῃ περί ἀνθρώπου, ὅτε ἴδῃς αὐτόν, ἀπό μόνης τῆς ἀκοῆς γνωρίσαι αὐτόν ἀκριβῶς καί πληροφορηθῆναι, ὅτι αὐτός ἐκεῖνός ἐστι περί οὗ ἤκουες, οὐ δύνασαι, ἀλλά ἀμφιβολίᾳ ἡ ψυχή διαμερίζεται καί ἤ ἐκεῖνον αὐτόν ἐρωτᾷ ἤ ἕτερόν τινα τόν γνωρίζοντα αὐτόν, καί τότε βεβαίως μανθάνεις ὅτι αὐτός ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν.

Οὕτως οὖν καί περί τοῦ ἀοράτου Θεοῦ ἀπαραλλάκτως γίνεται. (217) Ὅταν γάρ ἀποκαλυφθέντα θεάσηταί τις αὐτόν, φῶς ὁρᾷ· θαυμάζει μέν ἰδών, τίς δέ ὁ φανείς οὐκ οἶδεν εὐθύς, ἀλλ᾿ οὐδέ αὐτόν ἐρωτῆσαι τολμᾷ, πῶς γάρ, ὅν οὐδέ ἀναβλέψαι τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς καί ἰδεῖν δύναται ποταπός; βλέπει δέ μόνον ἐν τρόμῳ καί φόβῳ πολλῷ οἱονεί πρός τούς πόδας αὐτοῦ, εἰδώς ὅτι ὅλως τίς ἐστιν ὁ φανείς πρό προσώπου αὐτοῦ. Καί εἰ μέν ὑπάρχει ὁ περί τούτων προεξηγησάμενος αὐτῷ, ὡς προεγνωκώς