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of wounds, this it is possible to see happening in all other cases also. For if we repay them with the opposite, both for the evil we have suffered and for the good we do, we weave a double crown for ourselves. When, therefore, someone comes and says, "So-and-so 60.507 insulted you, and continues to speak ill of you to everyone," praise the insulter to those who say this; for in this way, even if you wish to defend yourself, you will be able to exact justice. For those who hear, even if they are very foolish, will praise you, but they will hate him as more savage than any beast, because he, though having suffered no wrong, caused pain, while you, even after suffering evil, repaid with the opposite. And you will be able to show that all that was said is stale. For the one who is stung by the pain gives proof of being conscious of what was said; but the one who laughs, by this very act, has freed himself from all suspicion in the eyes of those present. Consider, therefore, how many good things you gather from this: first, you free yourself from clamor and confusion; then—or rather, let this be first—even if you have sins, you will also put these off, just as the publican did by meekly bearing the Pharisee's accusation. In addition to these things, you make your soul philosophical by such practice, and you will enjoy countless praises from all, and you will cast off all suspicion concerning what was said. And if you also desire to retaliate against him, this too will follow in abundance, 60.508 both with God punishing him for what he said, and with your philosophy becoming a timely blow to him even before that punishment. For nothing is so wont to sting those who insult us as for us, who are insulted, to laugh at the insults. Just as, therefore, so many good things will come from being philosophical, so from being fainthearted all the opposite things will happen. For we both disgrace ourselves, and seem to those present to be guilty of what is said, and we fill our soul with turmoil, and we gladden the enemy, and we provoke God, and we add to our own sins. Considering all these things, therefore, let us flee the abyss of faintheartedness, and run to the harbor of long-suffering, so that we may both find rest for our souls here, as Christ also declared, and may attain the good things to come, by the grace and loving-kindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, with whom to the Father, together with the Holy Spirit, be glory, power, honor, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Amen.

HOMILY XIII.

For we know that the law is spiritual; but I am carnal,

sold under sin. 1. Since he said that great evils had happened, and that sin, having taken hold of the commandment, became more powerful, and that the opposite of what the law was eager for came to pass, and that he cast the hearer into great perplexity, he now states the reasoning by which these things came to be, having first freed the law from evil suspicion. For lest someone, hearing that through the commandment sin took occasion, and that when it came sin revived, and that through it sin deceived and killed; lest, then, someone should think the law to be the cause of these evils, he first sets forth a defense for it with great abundance, not only freeing it from accusation, but also weaving for it the greatest encomium. And this he does not set forth as if granting a favor himself, but as expressing a common verdict. For we know, he says, that the law is spiritual. As if he were saying: This is confessed and clear, that it is spiritual; so far is it from being the cause of sin, and responsible for the evils that have happened. And see how he not only frees it from accusation, but also praises it with all hyperbole. For in calling it spiritual, he shows that it is a teacher of virtue, and an enemy of vice; for this is

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πληγῶν, τοῦτο καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων ἔστιν ἰδεῖν συμβαῖνον. Ἂν γὰρ τοῖς ἐναντίοις αὐτοὺς ἀμειβώμεθα, καὶ ὑπὲρ ὧν κακῶς ἐπάθομεν, καὶ ὑπὲρ ὧν εὐεργετοῦμεν, διπλοῦν ἑαυτοῖς ὑφαίνομεν στέφανον. Ὅταν τοίνυν ἐλθών τις εἴπῃ, ὅτι Ὁ δεῖνά σε 60.507 ὕβρισε, καὶ κακῶς σε πρὸς ἅπαντας λέγων διατελεῖ, ἐπαίνεσον πρὸς τοὺς λέγοντας τὸν ὑβρικότα· οὕτω γὰρ, κἂν ἀμύνασθαι βουληθῇς, δυνήσῃ δίκην λαβεῖν. Οἱ γὰρ ἀκούοντες κἂν σφόδρα ἀνόητοι ὦσι, σὲ μὲν ἐπαινέσονται, μισήσουσι δὲ ἐκεῖνον ὡς θηρίου παντὸς χαλεπώτερον, ὅτι ὁ μὲν οὐδὲν ἠδικημένος ἐλύπησε, σὺ δὲ καὶ κακῶς παθὼν, τοῖς ἐναντίοις ἠμείψω. Καὶ τὰ εἰρημένα δὲ πάντα οὕτω δεῖξαι δυνήσῃ ἕωλα ὄντα. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ δακνόμενος τοῦ συνειδέναι τοῖς εἰρημένοις ἀπόδειξιν παρέχεται τὸ ἀλγεῖν· ὁ δὲ καταγελάσας, αὐτῷ τούτῳ παρὰ τοῖς παροῦσι πάσης ἑαυτὸν ἀπήλλαξεν ὑποψίας. Σκόπει τοίνυν πόσα ἐκ τούτου συλλέγεις καλά· πρότερον ἀπαλλάττεις σεαυτὸν θορύβου καὶ ταραχῆς· εἶτα δὲ, μᾶλλον τοῦτο κείσθω πρῶτον, κἂν ἁμαρτήματα ἔχῃς, καὶ ταῦτα ἀποδύσῃ, καθάπερ ὁ τελώνης τὴν τοῦ Φαρισαίου κατηγορίαν πράως ἐνεγκών. Πρὸς τούτοις, φιλόσοφον κατασκευάζεις σου τὴν ψυχὴν τῇ τοιαύτῃ μελέτῃ, καὶ μυρίων παρὰ πάντων ἀπολαύσεις ἐπαίνων, καὶ τὴν ἐπὶ τοῖς εἰρημένοις ὑποψίαν ἀποδύσῃ πᾶσαν. Εἰ δὲ καὶ ἐκεῖνον ἀμύνασθαι ἐπιθυμεῖς, καὶ τοῦτο ἐκ περιουσίας ἕψεται, 60.508 καὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ κολάζοντος αὐτὸν ἀνθ' ὧν εἴρηκε, καὶ πρὸ τῆς κολάσεως ἐκείνης τῆς σῆς φιλοσοφίας ἀντὶ καιρίας αὐτῷ γινομένης πληγῆς. Οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτω τοὺς ὑβρίζοντας ἡμᾶς δάκνειν εἴωθεν, ὡς τὸ τοὺς ὑβριζομένους ἡμᾶς τῶν ὕβρεων καταγελᾷν. Ὥσπερ οὖν ἐκ τοῦ φιλοσοφεῖν τοσαῦτα ἔσται καλὰ, οὕτως ἐκ τοῦ μικροψύχους εἶναι τὰ ἐναντία συμβήσεται ἅπαντα. Καὶ γὰρ ἑαυτοὺς καταισχύνομεν, καὶ ὑπεύθυνοι παρὰ τοῖς παροῦσι δοκοῦμεν εἶναι τοῖς λεγομένοις, καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν θορύβου πληροῦμεν, καὶ τὸν ἐχθρὸν εὐφραίνομεν, καὶ τὸν Θεὸν παροξύνομεν, καὶ τοῖς ἁμαρτήμασι προστίθεμεν τοῖς ἡμετέροις. Ταῦτα οὖν ἅπαντα ἐννοήσαντες, φύγωμεν τῆς μικροψυχίας τὸ βάραθρον, καὶ πρὸς τὸν λιμένα τῆς μακροθυμίας καταδράμωμεν, ἵνα καὶ ἐνταῦθα εὕρωμεν ἀνάπαυσιν ταῖς ψυχαῖς ἡμῶν, καθὼς καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἀπεφήνατο, καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ἐπιτύχωμεν ἀγαθῶν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ, ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, δόξα, κράτος, τιμὴ, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΙΓʹ.

Οἴδαμεν γὰρ, ὅτι ὁ νόμος πνευματικός ἐστιν· ἐγὼ δὲ σαρκικός εἰμι,

πεπραμένος ὑπὸ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν. αʹ. Ἐπειδὴ εἶπεν, ὅτι μεγάλα γέγονε κακὰ, καὶ ἡ ἁμαρτία δυνατωτέρα κατέστη τῆς ἐντολῆς ἐπιλαβομένη, καὶ τοὐναντίον οὗπερ ἐσπούδαζεν ὁ νόμος ἐξέβη, καὶ εἰς πολλὴν τὸν ἀκροατὴν ἐνέβαλεν ἀπορίαν, λέγει καὶ τὸν λογισμὸν λοιπὸν, καθ' ὃν ταῦτα γέγονε, πρότερον ἀπαλλάξας τὸν νόμον τῆς πονηρᾶς ὑποψίας. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ ἀκούων, ὅτι διὰ τῆς ἐντολῆς ἡ ἁμαρτία ἀφορμὴν ἔλαβε, καὶ ὅτι ἐλθούσης αὐτῆς ἡ ἁμαρτία ἀνέζησε, καὶ ὅτι δι' αὐτῆς ἐξηπάτησε καὶ ἀπέκτεινεν· ἵν' οὖν μὴ τὸν νόμον τῶν κακῶν τούτων αἴτιον νομίσῃ τις εἶναι, πρότερον τὴν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ τίθησιν ἀπολογίαν μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς περιουσίας, οὐ μόνον κατηγορίας αὐτὸν ἀπαλλάττων, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐγκώμιον αὐτῷ πλέκων μέγιστον. Καὶ τοῦτο οὐχ ὡς αὐτὸς χαριζόμενος τίθησιν, ἀλλ' ὡς κοινὴν ἐκφέρων ψῆφον. Οἴδαμεν γὰρ, φησὶν, ὅτι ὁ νόμος πνευματικός ἐστιν. Ὡσανεὶ ἔλεγεν· Ὡμολογημένον τοῦτο καὶ δῆλόν ἐστιν, ὅτι πνευματικός ἐστι· τοσοῦτον ἀπέχει ἁμαρτίας αἴτιος εἶναι, καὶ τῶν γεγενημένων κακῶν ὑπεύθυνος. Καὶ ὅρα πῶς οὐ κατηγορίας αὐτὸν ἀπαλλάττει μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπαινεῖ μεθ' ὑπερβολῆς ἁπάσης. Πνευματικὸν γὰρ εἰπὼν, διδάσκαλον αὐτὸν ἀρετῆς δείκνυσιν ὄντα, καὶ κακίας πολέμιον· τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν