Chapter XXIV.—The Reason and End of Divine Punishments.

Now that is in our power, of which equally with its opposite we are masters,—as, say to philosophize or not, to believe or disbelieve. In consequence, then, of our being equally masters of each of the opposites, what depends on us is found possible. Now the commandments may be done or not done by us, who, as is reasonable, are liable to praise and blame. And those, again, who are punished on account of sins committed by them, are punished for them alone; for what is done is past, and what is done can never be undone. The sins committed before faith are accordingly forgiven by the Lord, not that they may be undone, but as if they had not been done. “But not all,” says Basilides,1088    [Elucidation V.] “but only sins involuntary and in ignorance, are forgiven;” as would be the case were it a man, and not God, that conferred such a boon. To such an one Scripture says, “Thou thoughtest that I would be like thee.”1089    Ps. l. 21. But if we are punished for voluntary sins, we are punished not that the sins which are done may be undone, but because they were done. But punishment does not avail to him who has sinned, to undo his sin, but that he may sin no more, and that no one else fall into the like. Therefore the good God corrects for these three causes: First, that he who is corrected may become better than his former self; then that those who are capable of being saved by examples may be driven back, being admonished; and thirdly, that he who is injured may not be readily despised, and be apt to receive injury. And there are two methods of correction—the instructive and the punitive, which we have called the disciplinary. It ought to be known, then, that those who fall into sin after baptism1090    λουτρόν. [See Elucidation VI.] are those who are subjected to discipline; for the deeds done before are remitted, and those done after are purged. It is in reference to the unbelieving that it is said, “that they are reckoned as the chaff which the wind drives from the face of the earth, and the drop which falls from a vessel.”1091    Ps. i. 4: Isa. xl. 15.

Αὐτίκα τὸ ἐφ' ἡμῖν ἐστιν οὗπερ ἐπ' ἴσης αὐτοῦ τε κύριοί ἐσμεν καὶ τοῦ ἀντικειμένου αὐτῷ, ὡς τὸ φιλοσοφεῖν ἢ μή, καὶ τὸ πιστεύειν ἢ ἀπιστεῖν. διὰ γοῦν τὸ ἑκατέρου τῶν ἀντικειμένων ἐπ' ἴσης εἶναι ἡμᾶς κυρίους δυνατὸν εὑρίσκεται τὸ ἐφ' ἡμῖν. καὶ δὴ αἱ ἐντολαὶ οἷαί τε γενέσθαι καὶ μὴ γενέσθαι ὑφ' ἡμῶν, οἷς εὐλόγως ἕπεται ἔπαινός τε καὶ ψόγος, οἵ τ' αὖ κολαζόμενοι ἕνεκεν τῶν γενομένων αὐτοῖς ἁμαρτημάτων ἐπ' αὐτοῖς μόνοις κολάζονται· παρῆλθε γὰρ τὰ γενόμενα οὐδὲ ἀγένητον γένοιτ' ἄν ποτε τὸ γενόμενον. ἀφίενται γοῦν πρὸς τοῦ κυρίου αἱ πρὸ τῆς πίστεως [ἁμαρτίαι], οὐχ ἵνα μὴ ὦσι γενόμεναι, ἀλλ' ὡς μὴ γενόμεναι. πλὴν οὐδὲ πάσας ὁ Βασιλείδης φησί, μόνας δὲ τὰς ἀκουσίους καὶ κατὰ ἄγνοιαν ἀφίεσθαι, καθάπερ ἀνθρώπου τινός, ἀλλ' οὐ θεοῦ τὴν τοσαύτην παρεχομένου δωρεάν. τούτῳ φησὶν ἡ γραφή· ὑπέλαβες, ἄνομε, ὅτι ἔσομαί σοι ὅμοιος. ἀλλ' εἰ καὶ ἐπὶ ταῖς ἑκουσίοις κολαζόμεθα, οὐχ ἵνα μὴ γένωνται γενόμεναι, ἀλλ' ὅτι ἐγένοντο, τιμωρούμεθα. κόλασις δὲ τὸν ἁμαρτήσαντα οὐκ ὠφελεῖ εἰς τὸ μὴ πεποιηκέναι, ἀλλ' εἰς τὸ μηκέτι ἁμαρτάνειν μηδὲ μὴν ἄλλον τινὰ τοῖς ὁμοίοις περιπεσεῖν. ἐνταῦθα οὖν ὁ ἀγαθὸς θεὸς διὰ τρεῖς ταύτας παιδεύει αἰτίας· πρῶτον μὲν τὴν ἵν' αὐτὸς ἀμείνων αὑτοῦ γένηται ὁ παιδευόμενος, εἰσἔπειτα ὅπως οἱ δι' ὑποδειγμάτων σωθῆναι δυνάμενοι προανακρούωνται νουθετούμενοι, καὶ τρίτον ὡς μὴ ὁ ἀδικούμενος εὐκαταφρόνητος ᾖ καὶ ἐπιτήδειος ἀδικεῖσθαι. δύο δὲ καὶ [οἱ] τρόποι τῆς ἐπανορθώσεως, ὃ μὲν διδασκαλικός, ὃ δὲ κολαστικός, ὃν καὶ παιδευτικὸν εἰρήκαμεν. ἰστέον μέντοι τοὺς μετὰ τὸ λουτρὸν τοῖς ἁμαρτήμασι περιπίπτοντας τούτους εἶναι τοὺς παιδευομένους· τὰ μὲν γὰρ προενεργηθέντα ἀφείθη, τὰ δὲ ἐπιγινόμενα ἐκκαθαίρεται. περὶ τῶν ἀπίστων εἴρηται λελογίσθαι τούτους ὡς χνοῦν, ὃν ἐκρίπτει ὁ ἄνεμος ἀπὸ προσώπου τῆς γῆς, καὶ ὡς σταγόνα ἀπὸ κάδου.