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and that Pythagoras the Samian and the mathematician Eudoxus came, and also Democritus of Abdera and 10.8.3 Oenopides of Chios. And of all these they show proofs, for some their images, for others the namesakes of places or structures. And from the learning zealously pursued by each, they bring proofs, establishing that they had transferred from Egypt 10.8.4 all the things for which they were admired among the Greeks. For they say that Orpheus brought from the Egyptians most of the mystic rites and the orgiastic rites concerning his own wandering and the myths of those in Hades. For the rite of Osiris is the same as that of Dionysus; and that of Isis is very similar to that of Demeter, with only the names being changed; and that he introduced the punishments of the impious in Hades and the meadows of the pious and the shadowy images common among the many, having fashioned them in imitation of the things 10.8.5 concerning the burials in Egypt. For Hermes the guide of souls, according to the ancient custom among the Egyptians, after leading up the body of Apis to a certain point, hands it over to the one wearing the mask of Cerberus. And since Orpheus showed this among the Greeks, Homer, following this, put in his poem: "And Cyllenian Hermes called forth the souls of the heroes; and he held a wand in his hands." 10.8.6 Then again, proceeding, he adds: "And they say Melampus transferred from Egypt the rites customarily performed for Dionysus among the Greeks and the myths told about Cronus and those about 10.8.7 the Titanomachy and, in general, the story concerning the sufferings of the gods. And they say Daedalus imitated the intricacy of the labyrinth which survives indeed up to the present time, but was built, as some say, by Mendes, but as some say, by king Marrus, many years before the reign of Minos; and that the style of the ancient statues in Egypt 10.8.8 is the same as those constructed by Daedalus among the Greeks. And that Daedalus designed the most beautiful propylon of the temple of Hephaestus in Memphis, and having been admired, he received a wooden image in the aforementioned temple, made with his own hands; and finally, because of his genius, having been deemed worthy of great fame and having invented many additional things, he obtained honors equal to the gods. For on one of the islands near Memphis there is still even now a temple of Daedalus, honored by 10.8.9 the natives. And of Homer's presence they bring other proofs, and especially the drug administered by Helen to Telemachus in the house of Menelaus, 10.8.10 and forgetfulness of the evils that had happened. For the nepenthe drug, which the poet says Helen received from the Egyptians from Polydamna, 10.8.11 the wife of Thon, he appears to have investigated accurately. For even now they say the women in this place use the aforementioned power, and they say that from ancient times a remedy for anger and grief has been found among the women of Diospolis alone; and that Thebes and Diospolis are the same; and that Aphrodite is called "golden" by the natives from an ancient tradition; and that there is a plain 10.8.12 called "of golden Aphrodite" near the so-called Momemphis. And the myths told about Zeus and Hera concerning their union and their journey to Ethiopia he transferred from there, for annually among the Egyptians the shrine of Zeus crosses the river into Libya and after some days returns again, as if the god were present from Ethiopia; and the union of these gods, during the festivals when both shrines are brought up to a mountain which has been wreathed with all kinds of flowers by the priests. 10.8.13 And that Lycurgus and Plato and Solon incorporated many of the customs from Egypt into their own legislations, and Pythagoras the things concerning the Sacred Discourse and the theorems concerning geometry and the things concerning numbers, 10.8.14 and also the into every living creature of the

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ἐλθεῖν δὲ καὶ Πυθαγόραν τὸν Σάμιον καὶ τὸν μαθηματικὸν Εὔδοξον, ἔτι δὲ ∆ημόκριτον τὸν Ἀβδηρίτην καὶ 10.8.3 Οἰνοπίδην τὸν Χῖον. πάντων δὲ τούτων σημεῖα δεικνύουσι τῶν μὲν εἰκόνας, τῶν δὲ τόπων ἢ κατασκευασμάτων ὁμωνύμους προσηγορίας. ἔκ τε τῆς ἑκάστῳ ζηλωθείσης παιδείας ἀποδείξεις φέρουσι, συνιστάντες ἐξ Αἰγύπτου μετενηνοχέναι 10.8.4 πάντα δι' ὧν παρὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἐθαυμάσθησαν. Ὀρφέα μὲν γὰρ τῶν μυστικῶν τελετῶν τὰ πλεῖστα καὶ τὰ περὶ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ πλάνην ὀργιαζόμενα καὶ τὴν τῶν ἐν Ἅιδου μυθοποιίαν παρ' Αἰγυπτίων ἀπενέγκασθαι. τὴν μὲν γὰρ Ὀσίριδος τελετὴν τῇ ∆ιονύσου τὴν αὐτὴν εἶναι· τὴν δὲ τῆς Ἴσιδος τῇ τῆς ∆ήμητρος ὁμοιοτάτην ὑπάρχειν, τῶν ὀνομάτων μόνων ἐνηλλαγμένων· τὰς δὲ τῶν ἀσεβῶν ἐν Ἅιδου τιμωρίας καὶ τοὺς τῶν εὐσεβῶν λειμῶνας καὶ τὰς παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς εἰδωλοποιίας ἀναπεπλασμένας παρεισαγαγεῖν, μιμησάμενον τὰ 10.8.5 περὶ τὰς ταφὰς τὰς κατ' Αἴγυπτον. τὸν μὲν γὰρ ψυχοπομπὸν Ἑρμῆν κατὰ τὸ παλαιὸν νόμιμον παρ' Αἰγυπτίοις ἀναγαγόντα τοῦ Ἄπιδος τὸ σῶμα μέχρι τινὸς παραδιδόναι τῷ περικειμένῳ τὴν τοῦ Κερβέρου προτομήν. τοῦ δὲ Ὀρφέως τοῦτο καταδείξαντος παρὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησι τὸν Ὅμηρον ἀκολούθως τούτῳ θεῖναι κατὰ τὴν ποίησιν· «Ἑρμῆς δὲ ψυχὰς Κυλλήνιος ἐξεκαλεῖτο ἀνδρῶν ἡρώων· ἔχε δὲ ῥάβδον μετὰ χερσίν.»« 10.8.6 Εἶτα πάλιν προβὰς ἐπιλέγει· «Μελάμποδα δέ φασι μετενεγκεῖν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου τὰ ∆ιονύσῳ νομιζόμενα τελεῖσθαι παρὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησι καὶ τὰ περὶ Κρόνου μυθολογούμενα καὶ τὰ περὶ 10.8.7 τῆς Τιτανομαχίας καὶ τὸ σύνολον τὴν περὶ τὰ πάθη τῶν θεῶν ἱστορίαν. τὸν δὲ ∆αίδαλον λέγουσιν ἀπομιμήσασθαι τὴν τοῦ λαβυρίνθου πλοκὴν τοῦ διαμέ νοντος μὲν μέχρι τοῦ νῦν καιροῦ, οἰκοδομηθέντος δέ, ὡς μέν τινές φασιν, ὑπὸ Μένδητος, ὡς δ' ἔνιοι λέγουσιν, ὑπὸ Μάρου τοῦ βασιλέως, πολλοῖς ἔτεσι πρότερον τῆς Μίνω βασιλείας· τόν τε ῥυθμὸν τῶν ἀρχαίων κατ' Αἴγυπτον ἀνδριάντων τὸν 10.8.8 αὐτὸν εἶναι τοῖς ὑπὸ ∆αιδάλου κατασκευασθεῖσι παρὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησι. τὸ δὲ κάλλιστον πρόπυλον ἐν Μέμφει τοῦ Ἡφαιστείου ∆αίδαλον ἀρχιτεκτονῆσαι, καὶ θαυμασθέντα τυχεῖν εἰκόνος ξυλίνης κατὰ τὸ προειρημένον ἱερόν, ταῖς ἰδίαις χερσὶ δεδημιουργημένης· πέρας δὲ διὰ τὴν εὐφυΐαν ἀξιωθέντα μεγάλης δόξης καὶ πολλὰ προσεξευρόντα τυχεῖν ἰσοθέων τιμῶν. κατὰ γὰρ μίαν τῶν πρὸς τῇ Μέμφει νήσων ἔτι καὶ νῦν ἱερὸν εἶναι ∆αιδάλου τιμώμενον ὑπὸ 10.8.9 τῶν ἐγχωρίων. τῆς δ' Ὁμήρου παρουσίας ἄλλα τε σημεῖα φέρουσι καὶ μάλιστα τὴν τῆς Ἑλένης γενομένην παρὰ Μενελάῳ Τηλεμάχῳ φαρμακείαν 10.8.10 καὶ λήθην τῶν συμβεβηκότων κακῶν. τὸ γὰρ νηπενθὲς φάρμακον, ὃ λαβεῖν φησιν ὁ ποιητὴς τὴν Ἑλένην ἐκ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων παρὰ τῆς Πολυμνήστης, 10.8.11 τῆς Θῶνος γυναικός, ἀκριβῶς ἐξητακὼς φαίνεται. ἔτι γὰρ καὶ νῦν τὰς ἐν ταύτῃ γυναῖκας χρῆσθαι τῇ προειρημένῃ δυνάμει λέγουσι καὶ παρὰ μόναις ταῖς ∆ιοσπολίτισιν ἐκ παλαιῶν χρόνων ὀργῆς καὶ λύπης φάρμακον εὑρῆσθαί φασι· τὰς δὲ Θήβας καὶ ∆ιόσπολιν τὴν αὐτὴν ὑπάρχειν· τήν τε Ἀφροδίτην ὀνομάζεσθαι παρὰ τοῖς ἐγχωρίοις χρυσῆν ἐκ παλαιᾶς παραδόσεως· καὶ πεδίον 10.8.12 εἶναι καλούμενον χρυσῆς Ἀφροδίτης περὶ τὴν ὀνομαζομένην Μώμεμφιν. τά τε περὶ τὸν ∆ία καὶ τὴν Ἥραν μυθολογούμενα περὶ τῆς συνουσίας καὶ τὴν εἰς Αἰθιοπίαν ἐκδημίαν ἐκεῖθεν αὐτὸν μετενεγκεῖν κατ' ἐνιαυτὸν γὰρ παρὰ τοῖς Αἰγυπτίοις τὸν νεὼν τοῦ ∆ιὸς περαιοῦσθαι τὸν ποταμὸν εἰς τὴν Λιβύην καὶ μεθ' ἡμέρας τινὰς πάλιν ἐπιστρέφειν, ὡς ἐξ Αἰθιοπίας τοῦ θεοῦ παρόντος τήν τε συνουσίαν τῶν θεῶν τούτων, ἐν ταῖς πανηγύρεσι τῶν ναῶν ἀνακομιζομένων ἀμφοτέρων εἰς ὄρος ἄνθεσι παντοίοις ὑπὸ τῶν ἱερέων κατεστεμμένον. 10.8.13 Καὶ Λυκοῦργον δὲ καὶ Πλάτωνα καὶ Σόλωνα πολλὰ τῶν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου νομίμων εἰς τὰς ἑαυτῶν κατατάξαι νομοθεσίας Πυθαγόραν τε τὰ κατὰ τὸν Ἱερὸν λόγον καὶ τὰ κατὰ γεωμετρίαν θεωρήματα καὶ τὰ περὶ τοὺς ἀριθμούς, 10.8.14 ἔτι δὲ τὴν εἰς πᾶν ζῷον τῆς