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And what of vainglory and its yoked rider, arrogance, of which our fathers accuse them? Is it possible for the arrogant to be enlightened? Does not the apostle say that this is a particular condemnation of the devil? Does not 'the Lord oppose the proud'? How then (p. 490) does He appear through light to those whom He opposes? How will the grace given to the humble take up residence in those who are their opposites? And is it not that our fathers know their arrogance and vainglory, but that they bear witness to this against each other? 'What is this, Diogenes? I trample, says Diogenes, on the arrogance of Plato. With a different arrogance, Diogenes,' Plato declared, accusing him in return. Do you see how they testified to each other's arrogance? And to Plato, indeed, vainglory seems so fine a thing that he even says it is a cause for us of the best deeds and assists us in what is best.

Have you seen a wisdom made foolish and such darkness or false light, legislating radiance in opposition to the true light which says, 'do not act so as to be seen by men'? Did they through light have 'Him who sees in secret,' and yet are so fluttered by the glory of men and for its sake endure to both say and do all things themselves, and persuade others to do so? Hear Paul, the true seer of God and speaker for God, upon whom truly a divine 'vision came from above,' on whom also a true 'intelligible light shone,' of a supereminent nature, in whom also, as in a hearth, it has abundantly reposed, for which reason also he is called a 'chosen vessel,' through whom also he has been initiated into divine things. What does he say? 'Do all things for the glory of God.' And what about himself? 'If I were pleasing men, I would not be a servant of Christ.' Do you know the tree by its fruit? Therefore, has not that which bears the opposite fruit clearly revealed itself to be of the opposite root? And what else is the opposite of light but darkness, even if it feigns to be light and escapes the notice of those who have never approached the true light?

(p. 492) Therefore it is unsafe for those who do not know how to converse with God to converse about God, and for those to judge about immaterial light who do not know a light beyond this one which happens to be under sense perception, nor have been perfected in the intelligible part of the soul by an intelligible and true light, and have truly found 'the life hidden in Christ' and have risen the first resurrection. But those who have been blessed with this also have a heart like a Lydian stone, being wholly pure and most discerning, which you would not deceive by presenting bronze flowered over with the melted surface of gold; whose senses also have been trained for the discernment of both good and evil, and whose hearing you could not charm nor deceive nor persuade, even if you should compose and arrange the words very well, fittingly and plausibly towards what is extremely attractive; for they are skilled even through these things to detect the unpleasant and unseemly and avoidable nature of the indwelling deceit, and they might well say that there it is fitting for those who are in blindness to be yoked with those who pretend to see; for they unwittingly laid bare their own deceit.

For the evil spirit is bound to, not united with, those wretched souls; wherefore, just as the light of delusion is seen as being present alongside from without, not according to the mind's turning and returning into itself; (for this always leads unerringly to the divine), therefore not according to it, but according to the discursive activity through thoughts or concepts do the things of delusion come about, whenever someone without intelligible silence aspires to the mystery of contemplation. For since the soul then has mixed activities, the spirit of delusion has an opportunity among those who are not most attentive and not secured by humility to slip in and be mixed with them, and having thus stolen its entry, (p. 494) if also after

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Τί δέ ἡ κενή δόξα καί ὁ ταύτης οἷαπερ ὑπεζευγμένος ἔφιππος τῦφος ὅν ἐγκαλοῦσιν οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν αὐτοῖς; Ἔνι τούς τετυφωμένους εἶναι πεφωτισμένους; Οὐχ ὁ ἀπόστολος ἰδιαίτατόν τι κρίμα τοῦτον τοῦ διαβόλου φησίν; Οὐχ «ὁ Κύριος ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται»; Πῶς οὖν (σελ. 490) οἷς ἀντιτάσσεται διά φωτός ἐπιφαίνεται; Πῶς ἡ διδομένη χάρις τοῖς ταπεινοῖς εἰς τούς ὑπεναντίους τούτοις εἰσοικισθήυσεται; Καί οὐχ οἱ πατέρες μέν ἡμῶν ἐκείνων τόν τῦφον καί τό κενόδοξον ἴσασιν, ἀλλήλοις δ᾿ οὐ συμμαρτυροῦσιν ἐκεῖνοι τοῦτο; «Τί τοῦτο ∆ιόγενες; Καταπατῶ, φησίν ὁ ∆ιογένης, τόν τῦφον τοῦ Πλάτωνος. Ἑτέρῳ τύφῳ, ∆ιόγενες», ὁ Πλάτων ἀντεγκαλῶν ἀπεφήνατο. Εἶδες πῶς τόν τῦφον ἀλλήλοις προσεμαρτύρησαν; Πλάτωνι δέ ἄρα καί τοσοῦτο καλόν ἡ κενοδοξία δοκεῖ, ὥστε καί ταύτην αἰτίαν φάναι τῶν ἀρίστων ἔργων ἡμῖν καί συνεπιλαμβάνειν ἡμᾶς ταύτῃ τ᾿ ἄριστον.

Εἶδες μεμωραμένην σοφίαν καί οἷρα σκότος ἤ ψευδές φῶς, ἀκτινομοθετοῦσαν τῷ ἀληθινῷ φωτί λέγοντι, «μή ποιεῖτε πρός τό θεαθεῖναι τοῖς ἀνθρώποις»; Ἆρ᾿ ἔσχον διά φωτός ἐκεῖνοι «τόν βλέποντα ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ» καί πρός τήν δόξαν τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐπί τοσοῦτον ἐπτόηνται καί πρός αὐτήν αὐτοί τε πάντα καί λέγειν καί πράττειν ἀνέχονται καί τούς ἄλλους πείθουσιν; Ἄκουσον Παύλου, τοῦ ἀληθινοῦ θεόπτου καί θεορρήμονος, ἐφ᾿ ὅν ὡς ἀληθῶς θεία «θέα παραγέγονεν ἄνωθεν», ᾧ καί «φῶς» ἀληθινόν «ἐπέλαμψε νοερόν», ὑπερφυές οἷον, ἐν ᾧ καί καθάπερ ἐν ἑστίᾳ λίαν ἐπαναπέπαυται, διό καί «σκεῦος ἐκλογῆς» ἀκούει, δι᾿ οὗ καί τά θεῖα μεμύηται. Τί φησιν ἐκεῖνος; «Πάντα εἰς δόξαν Θεοῦ ποιεῖτε». Περί δέ ἑαυτοῦ τί; «Εἰ ἀνθρώποις ἤρεσκον, Χριστοῦ δοῦλος οὐκ ἄν ἤμην». Ἐπιγινώσκεις τῷ καρπῷ τό δένδρον; Τό τοίνυν τἀναντία καρποφοροῦν ἆρ᾿ οὐχί καί τῆς ἐναντίας ρίζης ἐναργῶς ἀναπέφηνε; Τῷ δέ φωτί τί γε ἄλλο τοὐναντίον ἤ τό σκότος ἐστί, κἄν τό φῶς ὑποκρίνηται καί τούς τῷ ἀληθινῷ φωτί μήποτε πελάσαντας διαλέληθεν;

(σελ. 492) Οὐκοῦν ἀσφαλές ὁμιλεῖν περί Θεοῦ τούς μή ὁμιλεῖν εἰδότας Θεῷ, καί περί φωτός μή προσύλου κρίνειν τούς οὐχ ὑπέρ τό φῶς εἰδότας τουτί τό τυγχάνον ὑπ᾿ αἴσθησιν, μηδέ τό νοερόν τῆς ψυχῆς νοερῷ καί ἀληθεῖ τετελεσμένους φωτί καί «τήν ἐν Χριστῷ κεκρυμμένην ζωήν» ὡς ἀληθῶς εὑρομένους καί ἀναστάντας τήν πρώτην ἀνάστασιν. Οἱ δέ ταύτης εὐμοιρηκότες καί τήν καρδίαν οἷα λυδίαν ἔχουσιν, ἀπειλικρινημένην καί κριτικωτάτην οὖσαν, αἱς οὐκ ἄν λήσαις χαλκόν διηνθισμένον ἄνθει περιτακέντι χρυσοῦ προσάγων˙ ὧν καί τά αἰσθητήρια γεγυμνασμένα πρός διάκρισιν καλοῦ τε καί κακοῦ, καί τήν ἀκοήν οὐκ ἄν θέλξαις οὐδ᾿ ἄν κλέψαις οὐ᾿ ἄν πείσαις, κἄν πρός τό λίαν ἐπαγωγόν εὐπρεπῶς καί πιθανῶς εὖ μάλα συμφορήσῃς καί διαθῇς τά ὀνόματα˙ καί γάρ δεινοί καί διά τούτων φωράσαι τό ἀηδές καί ἀπρεπές καί φευκτόν τῆς ἐνδομυχούσης ἀπάτης, οἵ καί καλῶς ἄν φαῖεν τό συζυγεῖν ἐνηρμόσθαι τοῖς ἐν ἀβλεψίᾳ τούς ὁρῶντας ὑποκρινομένοις ἐκεῖ˙ καί γάρ ἔλαθον ἑαυτούς τήν σφετέραν ἀπάτην παραγυμνώσαντες.

Συνδεῖται γάρ, οὐχ ἑνοῦται τό πονηρόν πενῦμα ταῖς κακοδαίμοσιν ἐκείναις ψυχαῖς˙ διόπερ, ὥσπερ ἔξωθεν διά τέλους τό τῆς πλάνης παρυφιστάμενον ὁρᾶται φῶς, οὐ κατά τήν εἰς ἑαυτόν συνέλιξίν τε καί ἐπιστροφήν τοῦ νοῦ˙ (χειραγωγεῖ γάρ αὕτη πρός τό θεῖον ἀπλανῶς ἀεί), οὔκουν κατ᾿ αὐτήν, ἀλλά κατά τήν διά τῶν λογισμῶν ἤτοι νοημάτων διεξοδικήν ἐνέργειαν τά τῆς πλάνης ἐπιγίνεται, ὅταν τις ἄνευ νοητῆς σιγῆς ἐφίηται τοῦ τῆς ἐποψίας μυστηρίου. Συμμίκτους γάρ τάς ἐνεργείας ἐχούσης τότε τῆς ψυχῆς, καιρόν ἐν τοῖς μή προσεκτικωτάτοις καί τῇ ταπεινοφροσύνῃ μή κατησφαλισμένοις ἔχει παρεισδύεσθαι καί συναναμίγνυσθαι ταύταις τό τῆς πλάνης πνεῦμα, καί τήν εἴσοδον οὕτω κλέψαν, (σελ. 494) ἤν καί μετά