Book V.
Chap. I.—On Faith.

Of the Gnostic so much has been cursorily, as it were, written. We proceed now to the sequel, and must again contemplate faith; for there are some that draw the distinction, that faith has reference to the Son, and knowledge to the Spirit. But it has escaped their notice that, in order to believe truly in the Son, we must believe that He is the Son, and that He came, and how, and for what, and respecting His passion; and we must know who is the Son of God. Now neither is knowledge without faith, nor faith without knowledge. Nor is the Father without the Son; for the Son is with the Father. And the Son is the true teacher respecting the Father; and that we may believe in the Son, we must know the Father, with whom also is the Son. Again, in order that we may know the Father, we must believe in the Son, that it is the Son of God who teaches; for from faith to knowledge by the Son is the Father. And the knowledge of the Son and Father, which is according to the gnostic rule—that which in reality is gnostic—is the attainment and comprehension of the truth by the truth.

We, then, are those who are believers in what is not believed, and who are Gnostics as to what is unknown; that is, Gnostics as to what is unknown and disbelieved by all, but believed and known by a few; and Gnostics, not describing actions by speech, but Gnostics in the exercise of contemplation. Happy is he who speaks in the ears of the hearing. Now faith is the ear of the soul. And such the Lord intimates faith to be, when He says, “He that hath ears to hear, let him hear;”1126    Matt. xi. 15. so that by believing he may comprehend what He says, as He says it. Homer, too, the oldest of the poets, using the word “hear” instead of “perceive”—the specific for the generic term—writes:—

For, in fine, the agreement and harmony of the faith of both1128    Teacher and scholar. contribute to one end—salvation. We have in the apostle an unerring witness: “For I desire to see you, that I may impart unto you some spiritual gift, in order that ye may be strengthened; that is, that I may be comforted in you, by the mutual faith of you and me.”1129    Rom. i. 11, 12. And further on again he adds, “The righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith.”1130    Rom. i. 17. The apostle, then, manifestly announces a twofold faith, or rather one which admits of growth and perfection; for the common faith lies beneath as a foundation.1131    [“The common faith” (ἡ κοινὴ πίστις) is no “secret,” then, and cannot be in its nature.] To those, therefore, who desire to be healed, and are moved by faith, He added, “Thy faith hath saved thee.”1132    Matt. ix. 22. But that which is excellently built upon is consummated in the believer, and is again perfected by the faith which results from instruction and the word, in order to the performance of the commandments. Such were the apostles, in whose case it is said that “faith removed mountains and transplanted trees.”1133    Matt. xvii. 20; Luke xvii. 6; 1 Cor. xiii. 2. Whence, perceiving the greatness of its power, they asked “that faith might be added to them;”1134    Luke xvii. 5. a faith which salutarily bites the soil “like a grain of mustard,” and grows magnificently in it, to such a degree that the reasons of things sublime rest on it. For if one by nature knows God, as Basilides thinks, who calls intelligence of a superior order at once faith and kingship, and a creation worthy of the essence of the Creator; and explains that near Him exists not power, but essence and nature and substance; and says that faith is not the rational assent of the soul exercising free-will, but an undefined beauty, belonging immediately to the creature;—the precepts both of the Old and of the New Testament are, then, superfluous, if one is saved by nature, as Valentinus would have it, and is a believer and an elect man by nature, as Basilides thinks; and nature would have been able, one time or other, to have shone forth, apart from the Saviour’s appearance. But were they to say that the visit of the Saviour was necessary, then the properties of nature are gone from them, the elect being saved by instruction, and purification, and the doing of good works. Abraham, accordingly, who through hearing believed the voice, which promised under the oak in Mamre, “I will give this land to thee, and to thy seed,” was either elect or not. But if he was not, how did he straightway believe, as it were naturally? And if he was elect, their hypothesis is done away with, inasmuch as even previous to the coming of the Lord an election was found, and that saved: “For it was reckoned to him for righteousness.”1135    Gen. xv. 6; Rom. iv. 3. For if any one, following Marcion, should dare to say that the Creator (Δημιουργόν) saved the man that believed on him, even before the advent of the Lord, (the election being saved with their own proper salvation); the power of the good Being will be eclipsed; inasmuch as late only, and subsequent to the Creator spoken of by them in words of good omen, it made the attempt to save, and by instruction, and in imitation of him. But if, being such, the good Being save, according to them; neither is it his own that he saves, nor is it with the consent of him who formed the creation that he essays salvation, but by force or fraud. And how can he any more be good, acting thus, and being posterior? But if the locality is different, and the dwelling-place of the Omnipotent is remote from the dwelling-place of the good God; yet the will of him who saves, having been the first to begin, is not inferior to that of the good God. From what has been previously proved, those who believe not are proved senseless: “For their paths are perverted, and they know not peace,” saith the prophet.1136    Isa. lix. 8. “But foolish and unlearned questions” the divine Paul exhorted to “avoid, because they gender strifes.”1137    2 Tim. ii. 23. And Æschylus exclaims:—

For that investigation, which accords with faith, which builds, on the foundation of faith,1138    [All such expressions noteworthy for manifold uses among divines.] the august knowledge of the truth, we know to be the best. Now we know that neither things which are clear are made subjects of investigation, such as if it is day, while it is day; nor things unknown, and never destined to become clear, as whether the stars are even or odd in number; nor things convertible; and those are so which can be said equally by those who take the opposite side, as if what is in the womb is a living creature or not. A fourth mode is, when, from either side of those, there is advanced an unanswerable and irrefragable argument. If, then, the ground of inquiry, according to all of these modes, is removed, faith is established. For we advance to them the unanswerable consideration, that it is God who speaks and comes to our help in writing, respecting each one of the points regarding which I investigate. Who, then, is so impious as to disbelieve God, and to demand proofs from God as from men? Again, some questions demand the evidence of the senses,1139    [Fatal to not a little of the scholastic theology, and the Trent dogmas.] as if one were to ask whether the fire be warm, or the snow white; and some admonition and rebuke, as the question if you ought to honour your parents. And there are those that deserve punishment, as to ask proofs of the existence of Providence. There being then a Providence, it were impious to think that the whole of prophecy and the economy in reference to a Saviour did not take place in accordance with Providence. And perchance one should not even attempt to demonstrate such points, the divine Providence being evident from the sight of all its skilful and wise works which are seen, some of which take place in order, and some appear in order. And He who communicated to us being and life, has communicated to us also reason, wishing us to live rationally and rightly. For the Word of the Father of the universe is not the uttered word (λόγος προφορικός), but the wisdom and most manifest kindness of God, and His power too, which is almighty and truly divine, and not incapable of being conceived by those who do not confess—the all-potent will. But since some are unbelieving, and some are disputatious, all do not attain to the perfection of the good. For neither is it possible to attain it without the exercise of free choice; nor does the whole depend on our own purpose; as, for example, what is defined to happen. “For by grace we are saved:” not, indeed, without good works; but we must, by being formed for what is good, acquire an inclination for it. And we must possess the healthy mind which is fixed on the pursuit of the good; in order to which we have the greatest need of divine grace, and of right teaching, and of holy susceptibility, and of the drawing of the Father to Him. For, bound in this earthly body, we apprehend the objects of sense by means of the body; but we grasp intellectual objects by means of the logical faculty itself. But if one expect to apprehend all things by the senses, he has fallen far from the truth. Spiritually, therefore, the apostle writes respecting the knowledge of God, “For now we see as through a glass, but then face to face.”1140    1 Cor. xiii. 12. For the vision of the truth is given but to few. Accordingly, Plato says in the Epinomis, “I do not say that it is possible for all to be blessed and happy; only a few. Whilst we live, I pronounce this to be the case. But there is a good hope that after death I shall attain all.” To the same effect is what we find in Moses: “No man shall see My face, and live.”1141    Ex. xxxiii. 20. For it is evident that no one during the period of life has been able to apprehend God clearly. But “the pure in heart shall see God,”1142    Matt. v. 8. when they arrive at the final perfection. For since the soul became too enfeebled for the apprehension of realities, we needed a divine teacher. The Saviour is sent down—a teacher and leader in the acquisition of the good—the secret and sacred token of the great Providence. “Where, then, is the scribe? where is the searcher of this world? Hath not God made foolish the wisdom of this world?”1143    1 Cor. i. 20. it is said. And again, “I will destroy the wisdom of the wise, and bring to nothing the understanding of the prudent,”1144    1 Cor. i. 19. plainly of those wise in their own eyes, and disputatious. Excellently therefore Jeremiah says, “Thus saith the Lord, Stand in the ways, and ask for the eternal paths, what is the good way, and walk in it, and ye shall find expiation for your souls.”1145    Jer. vi. 16. Ask, he says, and inquire of those who know, without contention and dispute. And on learning the way of truth, let us walk on the right way, without turning till we attain to what we desire. It was therefore with reason that the king of the Romans (his name was Numa), being a Pythagorean, first of all men, erected a temple to Faith and Peace. “And to Abraham, on believing, righteousness was reckoned.”1146    Rom. iv. 3, 5, 9, 22. He, prosecuting the lofty philosophy of aerial phenomena, and the sublime philosophy of the movements in the heavens, was called Abram, which is interpreted “sublime father.”1147    Philo Judæus, De Abrahame, p. 413, vol. ii. Bohn. [But see Elucidation I.] But afterwards, on looking up to heaven, whether it was that he saw the Son in the spirit, as some explain, or a glorious angel, or in any other way recognised God to be superior to the creation, and all the order in it, he receives in addition the Alpha, the knowledge of the one and only God, and is called Abraam, having, instead of a natural philosopher, become wise, and a lover of God. For it is interpreted, “elect father of sound.” For by sound is the uttered word: the mind is its father; and the mind of the good man is elect. I cannot forbear praising exceedingly the poet of Agrigentum, who celebrates faith as follows:—

Wherefore also the apostle exhorts, “that your faith should not be in the wisdom of men,” who profess to persuade, “but in the power of God,”1149    1 Cor. ii. 5. which alone without proofs, by mere faith, is able to save. “For the most approved of those that are reputable knows how to keep watch. And justice will apprehend the forgers and witnesses of lies,” says the Ephesian.1150    Heraclitus. For he, having derived his knowledge from the barbarian philosophy, is acquainted with the purification by fire of those who have led bad lives, which the Stoics afterwards called the Conflagration (ἐκπύρωσις), in which also they teach that each will arise exactly as he was, so treating of the resurrection; while Plato says as follows, that the earth at certain periods is purified by fire and water: “There have been many destructions of men in many ways; and there shall be very great ones by fire and water; and others briefer by innumerable causes.” And after a little he adds: “And, in truth, there is a change of the objects which revolve about earth and heaven; and in the course of long periods there is the destruction of the objects on earth by a great conflagration.” Then he subjoins respecting the deluge: “But when, again, the gods deluge the earth to purify it with water, those on the mountains, herdsmen and shepherds, are saved; those in your cities are carried down by the rivers into the sea.” And we showed in the first Miscellany1151    [See p. 318, supra.] that the philosophers of the Greeks are called thieves, inasmuch as they have taken without acknowledgment their principal dogmas from Moses and the prophets. To which also we shall add, that the angels who had obtained the superior rank, having sunk into pleasures, told to the women1152    [See vol. i. p. 190, this series.] the secrets which had come to their knowledge; while the rest of the angels concealed them, or rather, kept them against the coming of the Lord. Thence emanated the doctrine of providence, and the revelation of high things; and prophecy having already been imparted to the philosophers of the Greeks, the treatment of dogma arose among the philosophers, sometimes true when they hit the mark, and sometimes erroneous, when they comprehended not the secret of the prophetic allegory. And this it is proposed briefly to indicate in running over the points requiring mention. Faith, then, we say, we are to show must not be inert and alone, but accompanied with investigation. For I do not say that we are not to inquire at all. For “Search, and thou shalt find,”1153    Matt. vii. 7. it is said.

according to Sophocles.

The like also says Menander the comic poet:—

But we ought to direct the visual faculty of the soul aright to discovery, and to clear away obstacles; and to cast clean away contention, and envy, and strife, destined to perish miserably from among men.

For very beautifully does Timon of Phlius write:—

Then a little below he adds:—

of the speech which denies what is false, and of the dilemma, of that which is concealed, of the Sorites, and of the Crocodilean, of that which is open, and of ambiguities and sophisms. To inquire, then, respecting God, if it tend not to strife, but to discovery, is salutary. For it is written in David, “The poor eat, and shall be filled; and they shall praise the Lord that seek Him. Your heart shall live for ever.”1154    Ps. xxii. 26. For they who seek Him after the true search, praising the Lord, shall be filled with the gift that comes from God, that is, knowledge. And their soul shall live; for the soul is figuratively termed the heart, which ministers life: for by the Son is the Father known.

We ought not to surrender our ears to all who speak and write rashly. For cups also, which are taken hold of by many by the ears, are dirtied, and lose the ears; and besides, when they fall they are broken. In the same way also, those, who have polluted the pure hearing of faith by many trifles, at last becoming deaf to the truth, become useless and fall to the earth. It is not, then, without reason that we commanded boys to kiss their relations, holding them by the ears; indicating this, that the feeling of love is engendered by hearing. And “God,” who is known to those who love, “is love,”1155    1 John iv. 16. as “God,” who by instruction is communicated to the faithful, “is faithful;”1156    1 Cor. i. 9, x. 13. and we must be allied to Him by divine love: so that by like we may see like, hearing the word of truth guilelessly and purely, as children who obey us. And this was what he, whoever he was, indicated who wrote on the entrance to the temple at Epidaurus the inscription:—

And purity is “to think holy thoughts.” “Except ye become as these little children, ye shall not enter,” it is said, “into the kingdom of heaven.”1157    Matt. xviii. 3. [Again this tender love of children.] For there the temple of God is seen established on three foundations—faith, hope, and love.

ΚΛΗΜΕΝΤΟΣ ΣΤΡΩΜΑΤΕΩΝ ΠΕΜΠΤΟΣ Περὶ μὲν τοῦ γνωστικοῦ τοσαῦτα ὡς ἐν ἐπιδρομῇ, χωρῶμεν δὲ ἤδη ἐπὶ τὰ ἑξῆς, καὶ δὴ τὴν πίστιν αὖθις διαθρητέον· εἰσὶ γὰρ οἱ τὴν [μὲν] πίστιν ἡμῶν περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ, τὴν δὲ γνῶσιν περὶ τοῦ πατρὸς εἶναι διαστέλλοντες. λέληθεν δὲ αὐτοὺς ὅτι πιστεῦσαι μὲν ἀληθῶς τῷ υἱῷ δεῖ, ὅτι τε υἱὸς καὶ ὅτι ἦλθεν καὶ πῶς καὶ διὰ τί καὶ περὶ τοῦ πάθους, γνῶναι δὲ ἀνάγκη τίς ἐστὶν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ. ἤδη δὲ οὔτε ἡ γνῶσις ἄνευ πίστεως οὔθ' ἡ πίστις ἄνευ γνώσεως, οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ ὁ πατὴρ ἄνευ υἱοῦ· ἅμα γὰρ τῷ πατὴρ υἱοῦ πατήρ, υἱὸς δὲ περὶ πατρὸς ἀληθὴς διδάσκαλος. καὶ ἵνα τις πιστεύσῃ τῷ υἱῷ, γνῶναι δεῖ τὸν πατέρα πρὸς ὃν καὶ ὁ υἱός. αὖθίς τε ἵνα τὸν πατέρα ἐπιγνῶμεν, πιστεῦσαι δεῖ τῷ υἱῷ, ὅτι ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ υἱὸς διδάσκει· ἐκ πίστεως γὰρ εἰς γνῶσιν, διὰ υἱοῦ πατήρ· γνῶσις δὲ υἱοῦ καὶ πατρὸς ἡ κατὰ τὸν κανόνα τὸν γνωστικὸν τὸν τῷ ὄντι γνωστικὸν ἐπιβολὴ καὶ διάληψίς ἐστιν ἀληθείας διὰ τῆς ἀληθείας. ἡμεῖς ἄρα ἐσμὲν οἱ ἐν τῷ ἀπιστουμένῳ πιστοὶ καὶ οἱ ἐν τῷ ἀγνώστῳ γνωστικοί, τουτέστιν ἐν τῷ πᾶσιν ἀγνοουμένῳ καὶ ἀπιστουμένῳ, ὀλίγοις δὲ πιστευομένῳ τε καὶ γινωσκομένῳ γνωστικοί· γνωστικοὶ δὲ οὐ λόγῳ, ἔργα ἀπογραφόμενοι, ἀλλ' αὐτῇ τῇ θεωρίᾳ. Μακάριος ὁ λέγων εἰς ὦτα ἀκουόντων· πίστις δὲ ὦτα ψυχῆς, καὶ ταύτην αἰνίσσεται τὴν πίστιν ὁ κύριος λέγων ὁ ἔχων ὦτα ἀκούειν ἀκουέτω, ἵνα δὴ πιστεύσας συνῇ ἃ λέγει, ὡς λέγει. ἀλλά τοι καὶ Ὅμηρος ὁ ποιητῶν πρεσβύτατος ἐπὶ τοῦ αἰσθάνεσθαι τῷ ἀκούειν, εἰδικῷ ἀντὶ γενικοῦ, χρησάμενος μάλιστα δέ τ' ἔκλυον αὐτοὶ γράφει· τὸ γὰρ ὅλον ἡ συνῳδία καὶ ἡ συμφωνία τῆς ἀμφοῖν πίστεως εἰς ἓν πέρας καταγίνεται τὴν σωτηρίαν. μάρτυς ἡμῖν νημερτὴς ὁ ἀπόστολος λέγων· ἐπιποθῶ γὰρ ἰδεῖν ὑμᾶς, ἵνα τι μεταδῶ χάρισμα ὑμῖν πνευματικὸν εἰς τὸ στηριχθῆναι ὑμᾶς· τοῦτο δέ ἐστι συμπαρακληθῆναι ἐν ὑμῖν διὰ τῆς ἐν ἀλλήλοις πίστεως ὑμῶν τε καὶ ἐμοῦ. καὶ πάλιν ὑποβὰς ἐπάγει· δικαιοσύνη δὲ θεοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ ἀποκαλύπτεται ἐκ πίστεως εἰς πίστιν. φαίνεται οὖν ὁ ἀπόστολος διττὴν καταγγέλλων πίστιν, μᾶλλον δὲ μίαν, αὔξησιν καὶ τελείωσιν ἐπιδεχομένην· ἡ μὲν γὰρ κοινὴ πίστις καθάπερ θεμέλιος ὑπόκειται (τοῖς γοῦν θεραπευθῆναι ποθοῦσιν ὁ κύριος πιστῶς κινουμένοις ἐπέλεγεν· ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε·), ἡ δὲ ἐξαίρετος ἐποικοδομουμένη συντελειοῦται τῷ πιστῷ καὶ συναπαρτίζεται αὐτῇ ἡ ἐκ μαθήσεως περιγινομένη καὶ τοῦ λόγου τὰς ἐντολὰς ἐπιτελεῖν, ὁποῖοι ἦσαν οἱ ἀπόστολοι, ἐφ' ὧν τὴν πίστιν ὄρη μετατιθέναι καὶ δένδρα μεταφυτεύειν δύνασθαι εἴρηται. ὅθεν αἰσθόμενοι τοῦ μεγαλείου τῆς δυνάμεως ἠξίουν προστιθέναι αὐτοῖς πίστιν τὴν ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως ἐπιδάκνουσαν ὠφελίμως τὴν ψυχὴν καὶ ἐν αὐτῇ αὔξουσαν μεγαλωστί, ὡς ἐπαναπαύεσθαι αὐτῇ τοὺς περὶ τῶν μεταρσίων λόγους. εἰ γὰρ φύσει τις τὸν θεὸν ἐπίσταται, ὡς Βασιλείδης οἴεται, τὴν νόησιν τὴν ἐξαίρετον πίστιν ἅμα καὶ βασιλείαν καὶ καλῶν κτίσιν, † οὐσίας ἀξίαν τοῦ ποιήσαντος πλησίον ὑπάρχειν αὐτήν, ἑρμηνεύων, οὐσίαν, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐξουσίαν, καὶ φύσιν καὶ ὑπόστασιν, κτίσεως ἀνυπερθέτου κάλλος ἀδιόριστον, οὐχὶ δὲ ψυχῆς αὐτεξουσίου λογικὴν συγκατάθεσιν λέγει τὴν πίστιν. παρέλκουσι τοίνυν αἱ ἐντολαὶ αἵ τε κατὰ τὴν παλαιὰν αἵ τε κατὰ τὴν νέαν διαθήκην, φύσει σῳζομένου, ὡς Οὐαλεντῖνος βούλεται, τινὸς καὶ φύσει πιστοῦ καὶ ἐκλεκτοῦ ὄντος, ὡς Βασιλείδης νομίζει. ἦν δ' ἂν καὶ δίχα τῆς τοῦ σωτῆρος παρουσίας χρόνῳ ποτὲ ἀναλάμψαι δύνασθαι τὴν φύσιν. εἰ δὲ ἀναγκαίαν τὴν ἐπιδημίαν τοῦ κυρίου φήσαιεν, οἴχεται αὐτοῖς τὰ τῆς φύσεως ἰδιώματα, μαθήσει καὶ καθάρσει καὶ τῇ τῶν ἔργων εὐποιίᾳ, ἀλλ' οὐ φύσει σῳζομένης τῆς ἐκλογῆς. ὁ γοῦν Ἀβραὰμ δι' ἀκοῆς πιστεύσας τῇ φωνῇ τῇ ὑπὸ τὴν δρῦν τὴν ἐν Μαμβρῇ ἐπαγγειλαμένῃ σοὶ δίδωμι τὴν γῆν ταύτην καὶ τῷ σπέρματί σου ἤτοι ἐκλεκτὸς ἦν ἢ οὔ; ἀλλ' εἰ μὲν οὐκ ἦν, πῶς εὐθέως ἐπίστευσεν οἷον φυσικῶς; εἰ δὲ ἦν ἐκλεκτός, λέλυται αὐτοῖς ἡ ὑπόθεσις, εὑρισκομένης καὶ πρὸ τῆς τοῦ κυρίου παρουσίας ἐκλογῆς καὶ δὴ καὶ σῳζομένης· ἐλογίσθη γὰρ αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην. ἐὰν γάρ τις τολμήσας λέγῃ Μαρκίωνι ἑπόμενος τὸν δημιουργὸν σῴζειν τὸν εἰς αὐτὸν πιστεύσαντα καὶ πρὸ τῆς τοῦ κυρίου παρουσίας ἐκλογῆς καὶ δὴ καὶ σῳζομένης τὴν ἰδίαν αὐτοῦ σωτηρίαν, παρευδοκιμηθήσεται αὐτῷ ἡ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ δύναμις, ὀψὲ καὶ μετὰ τὸν ὑπ' αὐτῶν εὐφημούμενον δημιουργὸν ἐπιβαλλομένη σῴζειν καὶ αὐτὴ ἤτοι μαθήσει ἢ καὶ μιμήσει τούτου. ἀλλὰ κἂν οὕτως ἔχων σῴζῃ κατ' αὐτοὺς ὁ ἀγαθός, οὔτε τοὺς ἰδίους οὔτε μετὰ τῆς γνώμης τοῦ πεποιηκότος τὴν κτίσιν ἐπιχειρεῖ τὴν σωτηρίαν, βίᾳ δὲ ἢ δόλῳ. καὶ πῶς ἔτι ἀγαθὸς ὁ οὕτως καὶ ὕστερος; εἰ δὲ ὁ τόπος διαφέρει καὶ ἡ μονὴ τοῦ παντοκράτορος λείπεται ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ θεοῦ μονῆς, ἀλλ' ἡ τοῦ σῴζοντος βούλησις οὐκ ἀπολείπεται τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ ἥ γε προκατάρξασα. Ἀνόητοι ἄρα οἱ ἄπιστοι ἐκ τῶν προδιηνυσμένων ἡμῖν δείκνυνται· αἱ γὰρ τρίβοι αὐτῶν διεστραμμέναι καὶ οὐκ ἴσασιν εἰρήνην φησὶν ὁ προφήτης· τὰς δὲ μωρὰς καὶ ἀπαιδεύτους ζητήσεις παραιτεῖσθαι ὁ θεσπέσιος παρῄνεσε Παῦλος. ὅτι γεννῶσι μάχας· ὅ τε Αἰσχύλος κέκραγε· τὰ μηδὲν ὠφελοῦντα μὴ πόνει μάτην. τὴν μὲν γὰρ μετὰ πίστεως συνιοῦσαν ζήτησιν, ἐποικοδομοῦσαν τῷ θεμελίῳ τῆς πίστεως τὴν μεγαλοπρεπῆ τῆς ἀληθείας γνῶσιν, ἀρίστην ἴσμεν. ἴσμεν δὲ ὡς ἄρα οὔτε τὰ φανερὰ ζητεῖται (οἷον εἰ ἡμέρα ἐστὶν ἡμέρας οὔσης), οὔτε τὰ ἄδηλα καὶ οὐδέποτε γενησόμενα φανερά (ὡς τὸ εἰ ἄρτιοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀστέρες ἢ περιττοί), ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τὰ ἀντι στρέφοντα (ἀντιστρέφει δὲ ἃ καὶ τοῖς τὸν ἐναντίον χειρίζουσι λόγον ἐπ' ἴσης ἔστιν εἰπεῖν, ὡς τὸ εἰ ζῷον τὸ κατὰ γαστρὸς ἢ οὐ ζῷον)· τέταρτός ἐστι τρόπος, ὅταν ἐκ θατέρου τούτων μέρους ἀναντίρρητον καὶ ἄλυτον ἐνθύμημα προτείνηται. εἰ τοίνυν ἡ τοῦ ζητεῖν αἰτία κατὰ πάντας τοὺς τρόπους ἀναιρεῖται, πίστις ἐμπεδοῦται· προτείνομεν γὰρ αὐτοῖς τὸ ἀναντίρρητον ἐκεῖνο, ὃ ὁ θεός ἐστιν ὁ λέγων καὶ περὶ ἑνὸς ἑκάστου ὧν ἐπιζητῶ παριστὰς ἐγγράφως. τίς οὖν οὕτως ἄθεος [ὡς] ἀπιστεῖν θεῷ καὶ τὰς ἀποδείξεις ὡς παρὰ ἀνθρώπων ἀπαιτεῖν τοῦ θεοῦ; πάλιν τῶν ζητημάτων ἃ μὲν αἰσθήσεως δεῖται, οἷον ἐὰν ζητῇ τις, εἰ τὸ πῦρ θερμὸν ἢ ἡ χιὼν λευκή· τινὰ δὲ νουθεσίας καὶ ἐπιπλήξεως, ὥς φησιν Ἀριστοτέλης, ὡς τὸ ἐρώτημα ἐκεῖνο, εἰ χρὴ γονεῖς τιμᾶν. ἔστιν δὲ ἃ καὶ κολάσεως ἄξια, ὁποῖόν ἐστι τὸ αἰτεῖν ἀποδείξεις, εἰ πρόνοιά ἐστι. προνοίας τοίνυν οὔσης, μὴ κατὰ πρόνοιαν γεγονέναι πᾶσαν τήν τε προφητείαν καὶ τὴν περὶ τὸν σωτῆρα οἰκονομίαν ἡγεῖσθαι ἀνόσιον, καὶ ἴσως οὐδὲ χρὴ τὰ τοιαῦτα πειρᾶσθαι ἀποδεικνύναι, φανερᾶς οὔσης τῆς θείας προνοίας ἔκ τε τῆς ὄψεως τῶν ὁρωμένων πάντων, τεχνικῶν καὶ σοφῶν ποιημάτων, καὶ τῶν μὲν τάξει γινομένων, τῶν δὲ τάξει φανερουμένων· ὁ δὲ μεταδοὺς ἡμῖν τοῦ εἶναί τε καὶ ζῆν μεταδέδωκεν καὶ τοῦ λόγου, λογικῶς τε ἅμα καὶ εὖ ζῆν ἐθέλων ἡμᾶς· ὁ γὰρ τοῦ πατρὸς τῶν ὅλων λόγος οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ προφορικός, σοφία δὲ καὶ χρηστότης φανερωτάτη τοῦ θεοῦ δύναμίς τε αὖ παγκρατὴς καὶ τῷ ὄντι θεία, οὐδὲ τοῖς μὴ ὁμολογοῦσιν ἀκατανόητος, θέλημα παντοκρατορικόν. Ἐπεὶ δὲ οἳ μὲν ἄπιστοι, οἳ δὲ ἐριστικοί, οὐ πάντες τυγχάνουσι τῆς τελειότητος τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ. οὔτε γὰρ ἄνευ προαιρέσεως τυχεῖν οἷόν τε, οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ τὸ πᾶν ἐπὶ τῇ γνώμῃ τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ κεῖται, οἷον τὸ ἀποβησόμενον. χάριτι γὰρ σῳζόμεθα, οὐκ ἄνευ μέντοι τῶν καλῶν ἔργων, ἀλλὰ δεῖ μὲν πεφυκότας πρὸς τὸ ἀγαθὸν σπουδήν τινα περιποιήσασθαι πρὸς αὐτό· δεῖ δὲ καὶ τὴν γνώμην ὑγιῆ κεκτῆσθαι τὴν ἀμετανόητον πρὸς τὴν θήραν τοῦ καλοῦ, πρὸς ὅπερ μάλιστα τῆς θείας χρῄζομεν χάριτος διδασκαλίας τε ὀρθῆς καὶ εὐπειθείας ἁγνῆς καὶ τῆς τοῦ πατρὸς πρὸς αὑτὸν ὁλκῆς· ἐνδεδεμένοι γὰρ τῷ γεώδει σώματι τῶν μὲν αἰσθητῶν διὰ σώματος ἀντιλαμβανόμεθα, τῶν δὲ νοητῶν δι' αὐτῆς τῆς λογικῆς ἐφαπτόμεθα δυνάμεως. ἐὰν δέ τις αἰσθητῶς τὰ πάντα καταλήψεσθαι προσδοκήσῃ, πόρρωθεν τῆς ἀληθείας πέπτωκεν· πνευματικῶς γοῦν ὁ ἀπόστολος ἐπὶ τῆς γνώσεως τοῦ θεοῦ γράφει· βλέπομεν γὰρ νῦν ὡς δι' ἐσόπτρου, τότε δὲ πρόσωπον πρὸς πρόσωπον. ὀλίγοις γὰρ ἡ τῆς ἀληθείας θέα δέδοται. λέγει γοῦν καὶ Πλάτων ἐν τῇ Ἐπινομίδι· οὔ φημι δυνατὸν εἶναι πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις μακαρίοις τε καὶ εὐδαίμοσι γίνεσθαι πλὴν ὀλίγων· μέχρι περ ἂν ζῶμεν, τοῦτο διορίζομαι· καλὴ δὲ ἐλπὶς τελευτήσαντι τυχεῖν ἁπάντων. τὰ ἴσα τούτοις βούλεται τὰ παρὰ Μωυσεῖ· οὐδεὶς ὄψεταί μου τὸ πρόσωπον καὶ ζήσεται· δῆλον γὰρ μηδένα ποτὲ δύνασθαι παρὰ τὸν τῆς ζωῆς χρόνον τὸν θεὸν ἐναργῶς καταλαβέσθαι· οἱ καθαροὶ δὲ τῇ καρδίᾳ τὸν θεὸν ὄψονται, ἐπὰν εἰς τὴν ἐσχάτην ἀφίκωνται τελείωσιν. ἐπεὶ γὰρ ἠσθένει πρὸς κατάληψιν τῶν ὄντων ἡ ψυχή, θείου διδασκάλου ἐδεήθημεν· καταπέμπεται ὁ σωτήρ, τῆς ἀγαθοῦ κτήσεως διδάσκαλός τε καὶ χορηγός, τὸ ἀπόρρητον τῆς μεγάλης προνοίας ἅγιον γνώρισμα. ποῦ τοίνυν γραμματεύς; ποῦ συζητητὴς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου; οὐχὶ ἐμώρανεν ὁ θεὸς τὴν σοφίαν τοῦ κόσμου τούτου; φησί. καὶ πάλιν· ἀπολῶ τὴν σοφίαν τῶν σοφῶν καὶ τὴν σύνεσιν τῶν συνετῶν ἀθετήσω, τῶν δοκησισόφων καὶ ἐριστικῶν τούτων δηλονότι. παγκάλως γοῦν Ἱερεμίας φησί· τάδε λέγει κύριος· στῆτε ἐπὶ ταῖς ὁδοῖς καὶ ἐρωτήσατε τρίβους αἰωνίας, ποία ἐστὶν ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ ἀγαθή, καὶ βαδίσατε ἐν αὐτῇ, καὶ εὑρήσετε ἁγνισμὸν ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὑμῶν. ἐρωτήσατε, φησί, καὶ πύθεσθε παρὰ τῶν εἰδότων ἀφιλονίκως καὶ ἀδηρίτως. μαθόντες δὲ ἄρα τῆς ἀληθείας τὴν ὁδὸν εὐθεῖαν βαδίζωμεν ἀμεταστρεπτί, ἄχρις ἂν περιτύχωμεν τῷ ποθουμένῳ. εἰκότως ἄρα ὁ μὲν βασιλεὺς Ῥωμαίων (Νουμᾶς ὄνομα αὐτῷ) Πυθαγόρειος ὢν πρῶτος ἀνθρώπων ἁπάντων Πίστεως καὶ Εἰρήνης ἱερὸν ἱδρύσατο. τῷ δὲ Ἀβραὰμ πιστεύσαντι δικαιοσύνη ἐλογίσθη. οὗτος τὴν μετάρσιον τῶν κατὰ τὸν ἀέρα συμβαινόντων καὶ τὴν μετέωρον τῶν κατὰ τὸν οὐρανὸν κινουμένων φιλοσοφίαν μετιὼν Ἀβρὰμ ἐκαλεῖτο, ὃ μεθερμηνεύεται πατὴρ μετέωρος· ὕστερον δὲ ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν, εἴτε τὸν υἱὸν ἐν τῷ πνεύματι ἰδών, ὡς ἐξηγοῦνταί τινες, εἴτε ἄγγελον ἔνδοξον εἴτε καὶ ἄλλως ἐπιγνοὺς θεὸν κρείττονα τῆς ποιήσεως καὶ πάσης τῆς ἐν αὐτῇ τάξεως, προσλαμβάνει τὸ ἄλφα, τὴν γνῶσιν τοῦ ἑνὸς καὶ μόνου θεοῦ, καὶ λέγεται Ἀβραάμ, ἀντὶ φυσιολόγου σοφὸς καὶ φιλόθεος γενόμενος. ἑρμηνεύεται μὲν γὰρ πατὴρ ἐκλεκτὸς ἠχοῦς· ἠχεῖ μὲν γὰρ ὁ γεγωνὸς λόγος, πατὴρ δὲ τούτου ὁ νοῦς, ἐξειλεγμένος δὲ ὁ τοῦ σπουδαίου νοῦς. Καί μοι σφόδρα ἐπαινεῖν ἔπεισι τὸν Ἀκραγαντῖνον ποιητὴν ἐξυμνοῦντα τὴν πίστιν ὧδέ πως· ὦ φίλοι, οἶδα μὲν οὕνεκ' ἀληθείη παρὰ μύθοις, οὓς ἐγὼ ἐξερέω· μάλα δ' ἀργαλέη γε τέτυκται ἀνδράσι καὶ δύσζηλος ἐπὶ φρένα πίστιος ὁρμή. διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ ἀπόστολος παρακαλεῖ, ἵνα ἡ πίστις ἡμῶν μὴ ᾖ ἐν σοφίᾳ ἀνθρώπων τῶν πείθειν ἐπαγγελλομένων, ἀλλ' ἐν δυνάμει θεοῦ, τῇ μόνῃ καὶ ἄνευ τῶν ἀποδείξεων διὰ ψιλῆς τῆς πίστεως σῴζειν δυναμένῃ. δοκεόντων γὰρ ὃ δοκιμώτατον γινώσκει, φυλάσσειν· καὶ μέντοι καὶ δίκη καταλήψεται ψευδῶν τέκτονας καὶ μάρτυρας, ὁ Ἐφέσιός φησιν. οἶδεν γὰρ καὶ οὗτος ἐκ τῆς βαρβάρου φιλοσοφίας μαθὼν τὴν διὰ πυρὸς κάθαρσιν τῶν κακῶς βεβιωκότων, ἣν ὕστερον ἐκπύρωσιν ἐκάλεσαν οἱ Στωϊκοί· καθ' ὃν καὶ τὸν ἰδίως ποιὸν ἀναστήσεσθαι δογματίζουσι, τοῦτ' ἐκεῖνο τὴν ἀνάστασιν περιέποντες. ὁ δὲ Πλάτων τὴν γῆν χρόνοις τισὶ διὰ πυρὸς καθαίρεσθαι καὶ ὕδατος ὧδέ πώς φησι· πολλαὶ κατὰ πολλὰ φθοραὶ γεγόνασιν ἀνθρώπων καὶ ἔσονται. πυρὶ μὲν καὶ ὕδατι μέγισται, μυρίοις δὲ καὶ ἄλλοις ἕτεραι βραχύτεραι. καὶ μετ' ὀλίγα ἐπιφέρει· τὸ δ' ἀληθές ἐστι τῶν περὶ γῆν καὶ κατ' οὐρανὸν ἰόντων παράλλαξις καὶ διὰ μακρῶν χρόνων γινομένη τῶν ἐπὶ γῆς πυρὶ πολλῷ φθορά. ἔπειτα περὶ τοῦ κατακλυσμοῦ ἐποίσει· ὅταν δ' αὖ θεοὶ γῆν ὕδασι καθαίροντες κατακλύζωσιν, οἱ μὲν ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσι διασῴζονται, βουκόλοι νομεῖς, οἱ δ' ἐν ταῖς παρ' ἡμῖν πόλεσιν εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν ὑπὸ τῶν ποταμῶν φέρονται. Παρεστήσαμεν δ' ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ Στρωματεῖ κλέπτας λέγεσθαι τοὺς τῶν Ἑλλήνων φιλοσόφους, παρὰ Μωυσέως καὶ τῶν προφητῶν τὰ κυριώτατα τῶν δογμάτων οὐκ εὐχαρίστως εἰληφότας. οἷς δὴ κἀκεῖνα προσθήσομεν, ὡς οἱ ἄγγελοι ἐκεῖνοι οἱ τὸν ἄνω κλῆρον εἰληχότες κατολισθήσαντες εἰς ἡδονὰς ἐξεῖπον τὰ ἀπόρρητα ταῖς γυναιξίν, ὅσα γε εἰς γνῶσιν αὐτῶν ἀφῖκτο, κρυπτόντων τῶν ἄλλων ἀγγέλων, μᾶλλον δὲ τηρούντων εἰς τὴν τοῦ κυρίου παρουσίαν. ἐκεῖθεν ἡ τῆς προνοίας διδασκαλία ἐρρύη καὶ ἡ τῶν μετεώρων ἀποκάλυψις. τῆς προφητείας δὲ ἤδη εἰς τοὺς τῶν Ἑλλήνων [ποιητὰς] διαδοθείσης ἡ δογματικὴ πραγματεία τοῖς φιλοσόφοις πῇ μὲν ἀληθὴς κατὰ στοχ[ασμ]ὸν ἐπιβαλλομένοις, πῇ δὲ πεπλανημένη τὸ ἐπικεκρυμμένον τῆς προφητικῆς ἀλληγορίας μὴ συνιέντων γέγονεν, ὃ καὶ παρασημήνασθαι πρόκειται διὰ βραχέων ἐπιδραμοῦσι τὰ κατεπείγοντα. Τὴν πίστιν τοίνυν οὐκ ἀργὴν καὶ μόνην, ἀλλὰ σὺν ζητήσει δεῖν προβαίνειν φαμέν. οὐ γὰρ τοῦτο λέγω μηδ' ὅλως ζητεῖν· ζήτει γάρ, καὶ εὑρήσεις λέγει. τὸ δὲ ζητούμενον ἁλωτόν, ἐκφεύγει δὲ τἀμελούμενον, κατὰ τὸν Σοφοκλέα. τὰ δ' ὅμοια καὶ Μένανδρος ὁ κωμικὸς λέγει· πάντα τὰ ζητούμενα δεῖσθαι μερίμνης φασὶν οἱ σοφώτατοι. ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν διορατικὸν τῆς ψυχῆς ἀποτείνειν πρὸς τὴν εὕρεσιν χρὴ καὶ τὰ ἐμποδὼν διακαθαίρειν φιλονικίαν τε αὖ καὶ φθόνον καὶ τὴν ἔριν αὐτὴν τὴν κάκιστα ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ὀλουμένην ἀπορρῖψαι τέλεον. παγκάλως γὰρ ὁ Φλειάσιος Τίμων γράφει· φοιτᾷ δὲ βροτολοιγὸς Ἔρις κενεὸν λελακυῖα, Νείκης ἀνδροφόνοιο κασιγνήτη καὶ ἔριθος· ἥ τ' ἀλαὴ περὶ πάντα κυλίνδεται, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα ἐς βροτοῦ ἐστήριξε κάρη καὶ ἐς ἐλπίδα βάλλει. ἔπειτα ὀλίγον ὑποβὰς ἐπιφέρει· τίς γὰρ τούσδ' ὀλοῇ ἔριδι ξυνέηκε μάχεσθαι; Ἠχοῦς σύνδρομος ὄχλος· ὃ γὰρ σιγῶσι χολωθεὶς νοῦσον ἐπ' ἀνέρας ὦρσε λάλην, ὀλέκοντο δὲ πολλοὶ περὶ ψευδαποφάσκοντος λόγου καὶ κερατίνου διαλεληθότος τε αὖ καὶ κροκοδειλίνου σωρίτου τε ἔτι καὶ ἐγκεκαλυμμένου περί τε ἀμφιβολιῶν καὶ σοφισμάτων. Τὸ δὲ ἄρα ζητεῖν περὶ θεοῦ, ἂν μὴ εἰς ἔριν, ἀλλὰ εἰς εὕρεσιν τείνῃ, σωτήριόν ἐστι. γέγραπται γὰρ ἐν τῷ ∆αβίδ φάγονται πένητες καὶ ἐμπλησθήσονται καὶ αἰνέσουσι κύριον οἱ ἐκζητοῦντες αὐτόν· ζήσεται ἡ καρδία αὐτῶν εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος. οἱ γὰρ ζητοῦντες κατὰ τὴν ζήτησιν τὴν ἀληθῆ αἰνοῦντες κύριον ἐμπλησθήσονται τῆς δόσεως τῆς παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, τουτέστι τῆς γνώσεως, καὶ ζήσεται ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτῶν· καρδία γὰρ ἡ ψυχὴ ἀλληγορεῖται ἡ τὴν ζωὴν χορηγήσασα, ὅτι δι' υἱοῦ ὁ πατὴρ γνωρίζεται. οὐδὲ μὴν πᾶσιν ἀνέδην τοῖς λέγουσί τε καὶ γράφουσιν ἔκδοτα τὰ ὦτα παρέχειν χρή, ἐπεὶ καὶ αἱ κύλικες πρὸς πολλῶν λαμβανόμεναι τῶν ὤτων καταρυπανθεῖσαι ἀποβάλλουσι μὲν τὰ ὦτα, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις ἀποπίπτουσαι κατάγνυνται καὶ αὐταί. τὸν αὐτὸν γὰρ τρόπον καὶ οἱ ταῖς πολλαῖς φλυαρίαις καταρυπάναντες τὴν ἁγνὴν τῆς πίστεως ἀκοὴν τέλος ἤδη ἐκκωφούμενοι πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἀχρεῖοί τε γίγνονται καὶ εἰς γῆν ἀποπίπτουσιν. οὔκουν εἰκῇ τοῖς παιδίοις παρακελευόμεθα τῶν ὤτων λαμβανομένοις φιλεῖν τοὺς προσήκοντας, τοῦτο δήπου αἰνιττόμενοι δι' ἀκοῆς ἐγγίγνεσθαι τῆς ἀγάπης τὴν συναίσθησιν, ἀγάπη δὲ ὁ θεὸς ὁ τοῖς ἀγαπῶσι γνωστός, ὡς πιστὸς ὁ θεὸς ὁ τοῖς πιστοῖς παραδιδόμενος διὰ τῆς μαθήσεως. καὶ χρὴ ἐξοικειοῦσθαι ἡμᾶς αὐτῷ δι' ἀγάπης τῆς θείας, ἵνα δὴ τὸ ὅμοιον τῷ ὁμοίῳ θεωρῶμεν, κατακούοντες τοῦ λόγου τῆς ἀληθείας ἀδόλως καὶ καθαρῶς δίκην τῶν πειθομένων ἡμῖν παίδων. καὶ τοῦτο ἦν ὃ ᾐνίξατο ὅστις ἄρα ἦν ἐκεῖνος ὁ ἐπιγράψας τῇ εἰσόδῳ τοῦ ἐν Ἐπιδαύρῳ νεώ· ἁγνὸν χρὴ νηοῖο θυώδεος ἐντὸς ἰόντα ἔμμεναι· ἁγνείη δ' ἐστὶ φρονεῖν ὅσια. κἂν μὴ γένησθε ὡς τὰ παιδία ταῦτα, οὐκ εἰσελεύσεσθε, φησίν, εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν· ἐνταῦθα γὰρ ὁ νεὼς τοῦ θεοῦ, τρισὶν ἡδρασμένος θεμελίοις, πίστει, ἐλπίδι, ἀγάπῃ, φαίνεται.