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pointing to the bird, he said, "If it remains unshaken, it is advantageous for all to wait, but if it rises and flies forward, to advance, but if backward, to retreat again." And when Mosomachus heard these things from the seer, and secretly drew his bow, he shot the bird. At which the seer became angry, and all those who were enslaved to the error, Mosomachus, taking the bird in his hands, said, "Why do you blame 1.272 me, you wretched men? For how could this one, not knowing his own salvation beforehand, foretell what is advantageous for us? For if it had been able to foresee the future, it would not have come to this place." And when he said these things, they were greatly ashamed. Therefore, he achieved many other countless trophies, both difficult to describe and surpassing speech. And for this reason the prophet foresaw him as a winged leopard, indicating his swiftness and vehemence and fiery nature, and his suddenly flying across the inhabited world with trophies and victory. And he heard a certain philosopher say that there are infinite worlds, and sighing greatly he said, "And though there are infinite worlds, I have not even conquered one." Thus he was great-minded and magnanimous and temperate; for, having been a disciple of Aristotle, he was educated to the highest degree in every rational science. But some say that after the victory over Darius, his mind was corrupted and he slid into the pleasures of the body, he who had not previously even endured to look upon the daughters of Darius, and putting on a Persian robe, he was attended by a bodyguard of ten thousand youths and he used three hundred concubines, so that the entire Macedonian custom of kings changed to the Persian one. From which also he killed very many leading men of the Macedonian regiments. And after the death of Alexander, his kingdom was divided into many dominions, and Perdiccas was allotted the kingdom of Macedonia, and Ptolemy, son of Lagus, that of Egypt and Alex 1.273 andria, Seleucus, also called Nicanor, because he went up to Babylon and conquered the barbarians, that of Syria and Babylon, Antigonus that of Cilicia near the Taurus, Philo that of Media, Python that of Phrygia and Lydia, Meleager that of Paphlagonia, Eumenes that of Cappadocia, Cassander that of Lycia and the Hellespont, Lysimachus that of Thrace, Antipater that of Pontus, Oxyartes that of Bactria, Philip that of Drangiana, Porus that of India, Phrataphernes that of Parthia and Hyrcania, Triptolemus that of Persis, and Arcesilaus that of Mesopotamia. And they never ceased rising up against one another, until the Roman rule dissolved all the toparchies. Cassander, however, having made Thessalonike, the daughter of Alexander, his wife, founded the city of Thessalonike in her name. But others say Aeneas founded it after escaping the Trojan war, whence the region is also called Aenea. But others say that Thessalonike was the daughter of Philip, the son of Amyntas; and that the fortress in Pallene, being built by Aeneas himself, since he heard from those under him that a daughter had been born to him and was named Cassandra, he himself named the place Cassandreia, and a stone pillar having the form of a woman and looking towards Troy he set up on top of the wall. At that time Aesop the fabulist also flourished, and Anaximander, who said that the earth is the middle of the whole cosmos, and the sun is not smaller than the earth, and that the aether is the principle of all things, and 1.274 that all things come to be from it and are resolved into it. He also set forth the equinoxes and the solstices of the year and the rest, as we will say before. And Pythagoras the Samian wrote on arithmetic and held incorporeal powers and principles as his doctrines. He also wrote the golden verses, which, to speak in summary, declare these things. First, it exhorts one to honor the divine as is proper, second, those who have been made like it according to their power, third, to have mastery over the powers of the body, fourth, to respect oneself everywhere, fifth, to care for justice everywhere, sixth, to embrace the lot assigned from the divine judgment, seventh, to always change one's mind toward the better, eighth, to be inseparable and wholly unenslaved to the

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ὑποδεικνὺς τὸν ὄρνιν ἔφη "ἂν μὲν ἀσάλευτος μένῃ, προσμένειν συμφέρον πᾶσιν, ἂν δ' ἀναστὰς εἰς τοὔμπροσθεν πέταται, προάγειν, εἰ δ' ὄπισθεν, ἀναχωρεῖν αὖθις." καὶ ταῦτα ἀκούσας Μοσόμαχος παρὰ τοῦ μάντεως, καὶ λάθρᾳ τόξον ἑλκύσας, βάλλει τὸν ὄρνιν. ἐφ' οἷς τοῦ μάντεως χαλεπήναντος καὶ πάντων τῶν τῇ πλάνῃ δεδουλωμέ νων, λαβὼν εἰς χεῖρας τὸν ὄρνιν Μοσόμαχος ἔφη "τί μοι μέμ 1.272 φεσθε, κακοδαίμονες; πῶς γὰρ οὗτος, μὴ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ σωτηρίαν προγινώσκων, τὸ ἡμέτερον συμφέρον προανήγγειλεν; εἰ γὰρ ἠδύ νατο προειδέναι τὸ μέλλον, οὐκ ἂν εἰς τὸν τόπον τοῦτον ἦλθε." καὶ ταῦτα εἰπόντος αὐτοῦ κατῃσχύνθησαν σφόδρα. Πολλὰ μὲν οὖν καὶ ἄλλα μυρία τρόπαια καὶ δυσδιήγητα καὶ λόγον ὑπερβαίνοντα εἰργάσατο. καὶ διὰ τοῦτο πτηνὴν πάρ δαλιν ὁ προφήτης αὐτὸν προβλέπει, τὸ ταχὺ καὶ σφοδρὸν καὶ πυρῶδες καὶ τὸ ἄφνω διαπτῆναι τὴν οἰκουμένην μετὰ τροπαίων καὶ νίκης προϋποφαίνων. ἤκουσε δὲ καί τινος φιλοσόφου εἰπόν τος ὅτι ἄπειροι κόσμοι εἰσί, καὶ μεγάλα στενάξας ἔφη "εἶτ' ἀπεί ρων ὄντων μηδ' ἑνὸς ἐγὼ κεκράτηκα." οὕτως ἦν μεγαλόφρων καὶ μεγαλόψυχος καὶ σώφρων· Ἀριστοτέλει γὰρ μαθητευθεὶς πᾶ σαν λογικὴν ἐπιστήμην εἰς ἄκρον ἐπαιδεύθη. φασὶ δέ τινες ὅτι μετὰ τὴν νίκην ∆αρείου διαφθαρεὶς τὸν νοῦν πρὸς τὰς τοῦ σώμα τος ἡδονὰς διώλισθεν ὁ μηδ' ἀνασχόμενος πρότερον τὰς ∆αρείου θυγατέρας θεάσασθαι, Περσικήν τε στολὴν ἐνδυσάμενος μυρίοις νέοις ἐδορυφορεῖτο καὶ τριακοσίαις παλλακαῖς ἐχρῆτο, ὡς τὴν Μακεδονικὴν πᾶσαν τῶν βασιλέων συνήθειαν εἰς Περσικὴν μετ ελθεῖν. ὅθεν καὶ ἐξάρχους ἄνδρας τῶν Μακεδονικῶν ταγμάτων πλείστους ἀνεῖλε. Μετὰ δὲ τὴν Ἀλεξάνδρου τελευτὴν εἰς πολλὰς ἀρχὰς ἡ βα σιλεία αὐτοῦ διῃρέθη, καὶ Περδίκκας μὲν τὴν Μακεδονίας ἐκλη ρώσατο βασιλείαν, Πτολεμαῖος δὲ ὁ Λάγου Αἰγύπτου καὶ Ἀλε 1.273 ξανδρείας, Σέλευκος ὁ καὶ Νικάνωρ διὰ τὸ ἀναβῆναι εἰς Βαβυ λῶνα καὶ κρατῆσαι τῶν βαρβάρων Συρίας καὶ Βαβυλῶνος, Ἀντίγονος τῆς πρὸς τῷ Ταύρῳ Κιλικίας, Φίλων Μηδίας, Πύθων Φρυγίας καὶ Λυδίας, Μελέαγρος Παφλαγονίας, Εὐμένης Καπ παδοκίας, Κάσανδρος Λυκίας καὶ Ἑλλησπόντου, Λυσίμαχος Θρᾴκης, Ἀντίπατρος Ποντικῆς, Ὀξυάρτης Βακτρικῆς, Φίλιππος ∆ραγαίνης, Πῶρος Ἰνδίας, Φραταφέρνης Παρθίας καὶ Ὑρκανίας, Τριπόλεμος Περσίδος, καὶ Μεσοποταμίας Ἀρκεσίλαος. καὶ οὐ διέλιπον ἀεὶ κατ' ἀλλήλων ἐπανιστάμενοι, ἕως ἡ Ῥωμαίων ἀρχὴ τὰς τοπαρχίας πάσας κατέλυσε. Ὁ μέντοι Κάσανδρος Θεσσαλονίκην τὴν τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου θυγατέρα ποιησάμενος γυναῖκα εἰς ὄνομα ταύτης κτίζει πόλιν Θεσσαλονίκην. οἱ δὲ Αἰνείαν ταύτην κτίσαι μετὰ τὸ ἀποφυγεῖν τὸν Τρωϊκὸν πόλεμον, ὅθεν καὶ ἡ χώρα λέγεται Αἰνέα. οἱ δέ φασι Φιλίππου τοῦ Ἀμύντου εἶναι θυγατέρα τὴν Θεσσαλονίκην· τὸ δὲ ἐν τῇ Παλλήνῃ φρούριον παρ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ Αἰνείου οἰκοδο μούμενον, ἐπεὶ παρὰ τῶν ὑπ' αὐτὸν ἀκήκοε γεγενῆσθαι αὐτῷ θυγατέρα καὶ Κασάνδραν ὀνομασθῆναι, καὶ αὐτὸς αὐτὸν τὸν τόπον Κασάνδρειαν ὠνόμασε, καὶ στήλην λιθίνην γυναικὸς σχῆμα ἔχουσαν καὶ πρὸς Τροίαν βλέπουσαν ἐπάνω τοῦ τείχους ἔστησε. Τότε καὶ Αἴσωπος ὁ μυθογράφος ἤκμαζε, καὶ Ἀναξίμανδρος, ὃς εἶπε τὴν γῆν μέσην εἶναι τοῦ παντὸς κόσμου, καὶ τὸν ἥλιον οὐκ ἐλάττω τῆς γῆς, ἀρχήν τε πάντων τὸν αἰθέρα, καὶ 1.274 πάντα ἐξ αὐτοῦ γίνεσθαι καὶ εἰς αὐτὸν ἀναλύεσθαι. ἐξέθετο δὲ καὶ τὰς ἰσημερίας καὶ τὰς τροπὰς τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ καὶ τὰ λοιπά, καθὼς ἔμπροσθεν λέξομεν. Πυθαγόρας δὲ ὁ Σάμιος τὴν ἀριθμητικὴν ἔγραψε καὶ ἀσω μάτους δυνάμεις καὶ ἀρχὰς ἐδόξαζεν. οὗτος καὶ τὰ χρυσᾶ ἔπη ἔγραψεν, ἅτινα ὡς ἐν κεφαλαίῳ εἰπεῖν διαγορεύουσι τάδε. πρῶτα μὲν προτρέπει τὸ θεῖον τιμᾶν ὡς χρή, δεύτερον τοὺς κατὰ δύνα μιν ὁμοιωθέντας αὐτῷ, τρίτον τῶν σωματικῶν δυνάμεων ὑπερέχειν, τέταρτον ἑαυτὸν αἰδεῖσθαι πανταχοῦ, πέμπτον δικαιοσύνης ἐπιμελεῖσθαι πανταχοῦ, ἕκτον τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς θείας κρίσεως ἀπονε μηθέντα κλῆρον ἀσπάζεσθαι, ἕβδομον πρὸς τὸ βέλτιον ἀεὶ τὴν γνώμην μεθιστάνειν, ὄγδοον ἀνεξαπόσπαστον εἶναι καὶ ἀδούλωτον διόλου πρὸς τὴν