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certain representations and practices before the works in the mind, being neither without passion and more befitting for men who are building, fearing the failure that sometimes comes upon them from want of circumspection, than for God, whose work is also His thought? But if the thought is also a work, there will be need before it of other models and representations; therefore, there will be ideas of ideas, and this to infinity, unless he assigns something more to the said ideas, and more evilly.

But let us dismiss this; and I would add for you, saying, 'cast away not only the ideas, but also the theories and his falsely named lights, through which he was yoked to deceitful demons and through which he was initiated, that there are not only evil but also good demons, and a soul of the aether and periods of souls and the not good loves for them through beautiful bodies'. And what of the first and second gods, and those still lesser than these in nature and power, of whom some traverse the convex of the celestial sphere, others wander under the concave, and others are terrestrial and subterranean, being rulers no longer of mortals, but of the dead? For all things are divided in three, to speak according to them, who are both poets and inheritors of their own gods. And what of the (p. 504) elaborate sacrifices, soul-leadings and god-leadings and theurgies and the praise of the mad and, to say it all, the extensive nonsense concerning such things, which is plain rather than mystical? Is this then about those who have fallen from above and those who are illuminated by them, that is, whose intellect of the soul is darkened, and has come into being from the sight below, or about those who are above us and from above.

And why, so that we might again disparage the falsely named and illegitimate things from the true and aptly named and sacred and genuine voice of theology, "what then of Aristotle's petty providence and his mortal discourses on the soul and the human character of his doctrines?". Is it of one who has 'comprehended the pre-eminence of God; and found a voice worthy of the divine nature more than any other, this which is beyond proof? Or is this also a clear error of human thought, and of one that is darkened and opposed to God, and hunts for glory as if attaining it, but tries to escape the refutation of falsehood, being unable to prove and to impart to others its preternatural and wondrous knowledge, and by seeming to exalt it, drags down that incomprehensible and unhumbled height? But if we should grant that this teacher, having feigned this, does not hold this opinion—though this argument might have some merit—let it be granted nonetheless; but he himself also clearly esteems a multitude of gods and to the first of the gods, as he himself says, he by no means gives the whole of sovereignty, and he attempts to list the powers which move the bodies that seem divine to him, and he places the entire race of demons above us, and this which is beyond proof, the one thing most august and god-befitting, he bestows on such divinities, and contrary to this he reckons these things to be above us.

We would indeed have done a great thing, and a common and graceful one for our lot, if according to Aristotle (p. 506) and his teacher we were to consider the divine to be beyond proof, which their science and theory also assigns to the demons; and you yourself would not say otherwise, just as we would not, as long as we chose to live under teachers like Aristotle and Plato. But our proof and that of our teachers shows the entire race of demons to be not only fallen and lowest and wicked, wicked because of their flight from the good and their cooperation with us toward the privation and slipping away from it, lowest because it is furthest from the highest, and fallen as being above us

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ἀνατυπώσεις δή τινας καί μελέτας πρό τῶν ἔργων ἐν διανοίᾳ, οὔτε ἄνευ πάθους οὔσας καί πρεπούσας ἀνθρώποις μᾶλλον οἰκοδομοῦσι, δεδιόσι τήν ἐξ ἀπερισκέπτου τούτοις ἔσθ᾿ ὅτε προσγινομένην ἀποτυχίαν, ἤ τῷ Θεῷ, οὗπερ ἔργον καί τό ἐννόημα; Εἰ δ᾿ ἔργον καί τό ἐννόημα, καί πρό τούτου δεήσει παραδειγμάτων τε καί ἀνατυπώσεων ἄλλων, οὐκοῦν καί τῶν ἰδεῶν ἔσονται ἰδέαι, καί τοῦτο ἐπ᾿ ἄπειρον, εἰ μή τι καί πλέον ἐκεῖνος νέμει ταῖς εἰρημέναις ἰδέαις, καί πλέον κακῶς.

Ἀλλά τοῦτο μέν ἀφῶμεν˙ ἐγώ δ᾿ ἄν σοι προσθείην εἰπών ὡς 'βάλλε μή τάς ἰδέας μόνον, ἀλλά καί τάς θεωρίας καί τά ψευδώνυμα τούτου φῶτα, δι᾿ ὧν ἐκεῖνος τοῖς ἀπατηλοῖς δαίμοσι συνεζύγη καί δι᾿ ὧν ἐμυήθη, μή ὅτι κακούς ἀλλά καί ἀγαθούς εἶναι δαίμονας, καί ψυχήν αἰθέρος καί ψυχῶν περιόδους καί τούς ἐπ᾿ αὐτάς διά τῶν καλῶν σωμάτων οὐ καλούς ἔρωτας'. Τί δ᾿ οἱ πρῶτοι θεοί καί δεύτεροι καί τούτων ἔτι μείους τήν φύσιν τε καί τήν δύναμιν, ὧν οἱ μέν τό κυρτόν τῆς οὐρανίου σφαίρας ἐπιπορεύονται, οἱ δ᾿ ὑπό τό κοῖλον περινοστοῦσιν, οἱ δ᾿ ἔγγειοι καί ὑπόγειοι, μηκέθ᾿ οὗτοι θνητῶν, ἀλλά τεθνηκότων αὐτοκράτορες ὄντες; Τριχθά γάρ πάντα δέδασται κατ᾿ αὐτούς φάναι, τούς καί ποιητάς καί κληροδότας τῶν οἰκείων θεῶν. Τί δ᾿ αἱ (σελ. 504) περίεργοι θυσίαι, ψυχαγωγίαι τε καί θεαγωγίαι καί θεουργίαι καί ὁ τῶν μαινομένων ἔπαινος καί, τό σύμπαν εἰπεῖν, ὁ περί τά τοιαῦτα πλατύς λῆρος καί σαφής μᾶλλον ἤ μυστικός; Ταῦτ᾿ ἄρα περί τῶν διαπεπτωκότων ἄνωθεν καί τῶν ἀπό τούτων ἐλλαμπομένων, τουτέστι σκοτιζομένων τό τῆς ψυχῆς νοερόν, καί ἀπό τῆς κάτωθεν θέας παραγεγενημένης, ἤ περί τῶν ὑπέρ ἡμᾶς καί ἀπό τῆς ἄνωθεν.

Τί δ᾿ ἵνα πάλιν ἀπό τῆς ἀληθοῦς καί φερωνύμου καί ἱερᾶς καί γνησίας τῇ θεολογίᾳ φωνῆς τά ψευδώνυμα καί νόθα φαυλίσωμεν, «τί τοίνυν Ἀριστοτέλους ἡ μικρόλογος πρόνοια καί οἱ θνητοί περί ψυχῆς λόγοι καί τἀνθρωπικόν τῶν δογμάτων;». Ἆρα 'κατανενοηκότος τήν ὑπεροχήν τοῦ Θεοῦ˙ καί τήν ἀξίαν ἐξευρηκότος παντός μᾶλλον τῇ θείᾳ φύσει φωνήν τό ὑπέρ ἀπόδειξιν τοῦτο; Ἤ καί τοῦτο πλάνη σαφής ἀνθρωπίνης διανοίας τυγχάνον, καί ταύτης ἐσκοτισμένης καί ἀντιθέου καί θηρωμένης μέν δόξαν ὡς ἐφικνουμένης, πειρωμένης δέ διαφυγεῖν τοῦ ψεύδους τόν ἔλεγχον, ὡς ἀποδεῖξαι μή δυναμένης καί τοῖς ἄλλοις μεταδιδόναι τῆς ὑπερφυοῦς καί θαυμαστῆς ἐπιστήμης καί τῷ δοκεῖν ἐξαίρειν κατασπώσης τό ἀπερινόητον ὕψος ἐκεῖκνο καί ἀταπείνωτον; Εἰ δέ τῷ διδασκάλῳ τοῦθ᾿ ὑποκριναμένῳ μή συμβαίνειν τοῦτον τήν γνώμην δοίημεν, καίτοι τινά ἄν ἔχοι τουτί τόν λόγον, δεδόσθω δ᾿ ὅμως˙ ἀλλά θεῶν πλῆθος σαφῶς καί αὐτός πρεσβεύει καί τῷ τῶν θεῶν, ὡς αὐτός φησι, πρώτῳ τῆς κυρείας ἥκιστα τό πᾶν δίδωσι, καί τάς δυνάμεις ἐπιχειρεῖ καταλέγειν, αἵ κινοῦσι τά θεῖα δοκοῦντά οἱ σώματα, καί τό δαιμόνιον φῦλον ὑπέρ ἡμᾶς ἅπαν τίθεται, καί τό ὑπέρσεμνον καί θεοπρεπές μόνον, τό ὑπέρ ἀπόδειξιν τοῦτο, τοῖς τοιούτοις θείοις δωρεῖται, καί παρά τοῦτο ταῦθ᾿ ὑπέρ ἡμᾶς λογίζεται.

Μέγα μέντ᾿ ἄν εἴημεν πεποιηκότες καί τοῖς ἡμετέρας μοίρας ὡς κοινόν τε καί χάριεν, εἰ κατ᾿ Ἀριστοτέλην (σελ. 506) καί τόν τούτου διδάσκαλον ὑπέρ ἀπόδειξιν τό θεῖον νομίσαιμεν, ὅπερ ἡ κατ᾿ αὐτούς ἐπιστήμη τε καί θεωρία καί τοῖς δαίμοσιν ἀποδίδωσι˙ καί σέ γε αὐτός οὐκ ἄν ἄλλως φαίης, ὥσπερ οὐδ᾿ ἡμεῖς, ἕως ἄν ὑπό διδασκάλοις Ἀριστοτέλεσί τε καί Πλάτωσι προαιροίμεθα ζῆν. Ἀλλ᾿ ἡ καθ᾿ ἡμᾶς ἀπόδειξις καί τῶν καθ᾿ ἡμᾶς διδασκάλων οὐ μόνον ἔκπτωτόν τε καί ἔσχατον καί πονηρόν τό δαιμόνιον ἅπαν ἀποδείκνυσι γένος, πονηρόν μέν διά τήν ἐκ τἀγαθοῦ φυγήν καί τήν εἰς ἡμᾶς συνεργίαν πρός ἔλλειψίν τε καί ἀπολίσθησιν τήν ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ, ἔσχατον δέ διά τό πορρωτάτω εἶναι τοῦ ἀνωτάτω, ἔκπτωτον δέ ὡς ὑπέρ ἡμᾶς ὄν