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was compelled by those in charge of the work, and to this point, I think, the prophecy was fulfilled for him. 3.t.1 OF PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA ON THE WARS BOOK THREE. 3.1.1 So the Persian War for the emperor Justinian ended at this point; but I shall now proceed to tell all that was done by him against both the Vandals and the Moors. But it will be told first whence the army of the Vandals descended upon the 3.1.2 land of the Romans. When Theodosius, the Roman emperor, had departed from among men, a man who was especially just and good at warfare, both his two sons succeeded to his empire, Arcadius, the elder, the eastern portion, 3.1.3 and Honorius, the younger, the western. The Roman state had been divided in this way from ancient times, from Constantine and his sons, who, having transferred the seat of government to Byzantium, and having made the city larger and much more renowned, permitted it to be called after him. 3.1.4 The ocean surrounds the land in a circle, either all of it or the greater part; for we know nothing certain about it yet; and a certain outflow from it, entering in the western part, divides it in two into two continents and makes this sea which we have, beginning from Gades, and extending as far as the Maeotic Lake itself. 3.1.5 Of these two continents, the one on the right as one sails into the sea as far as the lake is called Asia, from Gades and the other of the 3.1.6 Pillars of Heracles. The locals call the fortress there Septon, from the seven hills which appear there; for "septem" in the Latin tongue means 3.1.7 seven. The whole continent opposite this was called Europe. And the strait at this point separates each continent by about eighty-four stades, but from there they are separated from each other by great seas as far as 3.1.8 the Hellespont. For at this point they come together again about Sestos and Abydos, and again at Byzantium and Chalcedon, as far as the rocks formerly called the Cyanean Rocks, where even now a place is called Hieron. For in these places they are separated from one another by a measure of ten stades and less than this. 3.1.9 For one going from one of the Pillars of Heracles to the other along the coast, and not sailing around the Ionian Gulf and the sea called the Euxine Pontus, but crossing from Chalcedon to Byzantium and from Dryous to the opposite continent, the journey is two hundred and eighty-five 3.1.10 days for a well-girded man. For it was impossible to state with accuracy all the details about the Euxine Pontus, which extends from Byzantium to the lake, since the barbarians beyond the river Ister, which they also call the Danube, make the coast there least of all accessible to the Romans, except, indeed, that from Byzantium to the mouths of the Ister is a journey of twenty-two days, which it is proper for us to add in reckoning for Europe. 3.1.11 But in the portion of Asia, that is, from Chalcedon to the river Phasis, which flowing from Colchis descends into the Pontus, 3.1.12 a journey of forty days is accomplished. So that the whole Roman domain, at least along the sea-road, amounts to a measure of three hundred and forty-seven days, if one, as has been said, should cross the Ionian Gulf, which extends for about eight hundred stades, from Dryous. 3.1.13 For the passage around the gulf extends for a journey of not less than four days. So great, then, was the Roman empire at least in the olden time. 3.1.14 And to him who held the western power there fell most of Libya, extending for a journey of ninety days; for so great is the distance from Gades to the boundaries of Tripolis in Libya; and in Europe, he was allotted a journey of seventy-five 3.1.15 days. For so great is the distance from the other of the Pillars of Heracles to the Ionian Gulf. And one might also add 3.1.16 the circuit of the gulf. But the emperor of the East received by lot a journey of one hundred and twenty days from the borders of Cyrene in Libya as far as Epidamnus, which is situated by the Ionian Gulf itself, now called Dyrrachium, and as much of the region about the Euxine Pontus as, 3.1.17 as has been said before, is under the Romans.

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τῶν τῷ ἔργῳ ἐφεστώτων ἠνάγκαστο, ἐς τοῦτό τε αὐτῷ ἀπεκρίθη, οἶμαι, ἡ πρόρρησις. 3.τ.1 ΠΡΟΚΟΠΙΟΥ ΚΑΙΣΑΡΕΩΣ ΥΠΕΡ ΤΩΝ ΠΟΛΕΜΩΝ ΛΟΓΟΣ ΤΡΙΤΟΣ. 3.1.1 Ὁ μὲν οὖν Μηδικὸς πόλεμος Ἰουστινιανῷ βασιλεῖ ἐς τοῦτο ἐτελεύτα· ἐγὼ δὲ ὅσα ἔς τε Βανδίλους καὶ Μαυρουσίους αὐτῷ εἴργασται, φράσων ἔρχομαι. λελέξεται δὲ πρῶτον ὅθεν ὁ Βανδίλων στρατὸς τῇ 3.1.2 Ῥωμαίων ἐπέσκηψε χώρᾳ. ἐπειδὴ Θεοδόσιος ὁ Ῥωμαίων αὐτοκράτωρ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἠφάνιστο, ἀνὴρ δίκαιος ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα γεγονὼς καὶ ἀγαθὸς τὰ πολέμια, διεδεξάσθην αὐτοῦ τὴν βασιλείαν ἄμφω τὼ παῖδε, Ἀρκάδιος μὲν ὁ πρεσβύτερος τὴν ἑῴαν μοῖραν, τὴν 3.1.3 ἑσπερίαν δὲ Ὁνώριος ὁ νεώτερος. διῄρητο δὲ ὧδε τὸ Ῥωμαίων κράτος ἄνωθεν ἀπό τε Κωνσταντίνου καὶ τῶν αὐτοῦ παίδων, ὃς τὴν βασιλείαν ἐς Βυζάντιον μεταθέμενος μείζω τε τὴν πόλιν καὶ πολλῷ ἐπιφανεστέραν καταστησάμενος ἀπ' αὐτοῦ ἀφῆκε προσαγορεύεσθαι. 3.1.4 Περιλαμβάνει μὲν κύκλῳ τὴν γῆν ὠκεανὸς ἢ ξύμπασαν ἢ τὴν πολλήν· οὐ γάρ πω σαφές τι ἀμφ' αὐτῷ ἴσμεν· σχίζει δὲ αὐτὴν δίχα ἐς ἠπείρους δύο ἐκροή τις ἀπ' αὐτοῦ κατὰ τὴν ἑσπέριον εἰσβάλλουσα μοῖραν καὶ ταύτην δὴ ποιουμένη τὴν θάλασσαν, ἀπὸ Γαδείρων μὲν ἀρξαμένη, ἐς αὐτὴν δὲ τὴν Μαιῶτιν διήκουσα 3.1.5 λίμνην. ταύταιν ταῖν ἠπείροιν ἁτέρα μὲν ἐν δεξιᾷ εἰσπλέοντι τὴν θάλασσαν μέχρι καὶ ἐς τὴν λίμνην Ἀσία κέκληται, ἀπό τε Γαδείρων καὶ τῆς ἑτέρας τῶν 3.1.6 Ἡρακλέους στηλῶν. Σέπτον καλοῦσι τὸ ἐκείνῃ φρούριον οἱ ἐπιχώριοι, λόφων τινῶν ἑπτὰ φαινομένων ἐνταῦθα· τὸ γὰρ σέπτον ἑπτὰ τῇ Λατίνων φωνῇ δύ3.1.7 ναται. ἡ δὲ ἀντιπέρας αὐτῇ ξύμπασα Εὐρώπη ἐκλήθη. καὶ ὁ μὲν ταύτῃ πορθμὸς τέτταρσι καὶ ὀγδοήκοντα σταδίοις μάλιστα ἤπειρον ἑκατέραν διείργει, τὸ δὲ ἐντεῦθεν πελάγεσι μεγάλοις ἀλλήλαιν διέχετον μέχρις 3.1.8 Ἑλλησπόντου. ταύτῃ γὰρ ξυνίασιν αὖθις ἀμφὶ Σηστόν τε καὶ Ἄβυδον, καὶ πάλιν ἔν τε Βυζαντίῳ καὶ Καλχηδόνι μέχρι τῶν πάλαι κυανέων λεγομένων πετρῶν, οὗ καὶ νῦν Ἱερὸν ὀνομάζεται. ἐν τούτοις γὰρ δὴ τοῖς χωρίοις μέτρῳ δέκα σταδίων τε καὶ τούτου ἐλάσσονι διείργεσθον ἀλλήλαιν. 3.1.9 Ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς ἑτέρας τῶν Ἡρακλέους στηλῶν μέχρι ἐς τὴν ἑτέραν διὰ τῆς ἠιόνος ἰόντι καὶ οὐ περιερχομένῳ κόλπον τε τὸν Ἰόνιον καὶ τὸν Εὔξεινον καλούμενον Πόντον, ἀλλ' ἔκ τε Καλχηδόνος ἐς Βυζάντιον ἔκ τε ∆ρυοῦντος ἐς ἤπειρον τὴν ἀντιπέρας καταίροντι, πέντε καὶ ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ διακοσίων ὁδὸς ἡμε3.1.10 ρῶν ἐστιν εὐζώνῳ ἀνδρί. τὰ γὰρ ἀμφὶ τὸν Εὔξεινον Πόντον, ὃς ἐκ Βυζαντίου χωρεῖ εἰς τὴν λίμνην, ἅπαντα ἀκριβολογεῖσθαι ἀμήχανα ἦν, βαρβάρων τῶν ὑπὲρ ποταμὸν Ἴστρον, ὃν καὶ ∆ανούβιον καλοῦσι, Ῥωμαίοις βατὴν ἥκιστα ποιουμένων τὴν ἐκείνῃ ἀκτὴν, πλήν γε δὴ ὅτι ἐκ Βυζαντίου μὲν ἐς τὰς τοῦ Ἴστρου ἐκβολὰς ἡμερῶν ἐστιν ὁδὸς δύο καὶ εἴκοσιν, ἅσπερ τῇ Εὐρώπῃ 3.1.11 λογιζομένους ἐντιθέναι προσήκει. κατὰ δὲ τὴν τῆς Ἀσίας μοῖραν, εἴη δ' ἂν ἐκ Καλχηδόνος ἐς ποταμὸν Φᾶσιν, ὃς ῥέων ἐκ Κόλχων κάτεισιν ἐς τὸν Πόντον, 3.1.12 ἀνύεται τεσσαράκοντα ὁδὸς ἡμερῶν. ὥστε ξύμπασα ἡ Ῥωμαίων ἐπικράτεια κατά γε τὴν ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ ὁδὸν ἐς ἑπτὰ καὶ τεσσαράκοντα καὶ τριακοσίων ἡμερῶν ξύνεισι μέτρον, ἤν τις, ὅπερ εἴρηται, τὸν Ἰόνιον κόλπον ἐς ὀκτακοσίους μάλιστα διήκοντα σταδίους ἐκ ∆ρυοῦντος 3.1.13 διαπορθμεύηται. ἡ γὰρ τοῦ κόλπου πάροδος ἐς ὁδὸν ἡμερῶν διήκει οὐχ ἧσσον ἢ τεσσάρων. τοσαύτη μὲν ἡ Ῥωμαίων ἀρχὴ κατά γε τὸν παλαιὸν ἐγένετο χρόνον. 3.1.14 Ἐπέβαλλε δὲ τῷ μὲν τὸ τῆς ἑσπερίας ἔχοντι κράτος Λιβύης τὰ πλεῖστα διήκοντα ἐς ἐνενήκοντα ὁδὸν ἡμερῶν· τοσοῦτον γὰρ τὸ ἐκ Γαδείρων ἐς τὰ ὅρια τῆς ἐν Λιβύῃ Τριπόλεώς ἐστιν· ἐν δὲ δὴ τῇ Εὐρώπῃ 3.1.15 πέντε καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα ὁδὸν ἡμερῶν ἔλαχε. τοσαύτη γὰρ ἡ ἐκ τῆς ἑτέρας τῶν Ἡρακλέους στηλῶν ἐς κόλπον τὸν Ἰόνιον τυγχάνει οὖσα. προσθείη δὲ ἄν τις καὶ 3.1.16 τὴν τοῦ κόλπου περίοδον. βασιλεὺς δὲ ὁ τῆς ἕω ἡμερῶν εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατὸν ὁδὸν ἐκληρώσατο ἐκ τῶν Κυρήνης ὁρίων τῆς ἐν Λιβύῃ μέχρι Ἐπιδάμνου, ἣ πρὸς αὐτῷ κεῖται τῷ Ἰονίῳ κόλπῳ, ∆υρράχιον τανῦν καλουμένη, καὶ ὅση ἀμφὶ τὸν Εὔξεινον Πόντον, ὡς 3.1.17 ἔμπροσθεν εἴρηται, ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίοις ἐστί.