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they made use of those who wrote the records of the Phoenicians, Chaldeans, and Egyptians; and all together, having collected the Greek and barbarian and the Hebrew accounts among them, and having set side by side the histories of all peoples and compared one with the other, they have examined together the events that took place among all peoples at the same times. Then each, having constructed the argument of what was being proved by his own methods, they brought forward a harmonious and concordant demonstration. For this reason I thought it most necessary to yield the present discussion to their own voices, so that the fathers of these accounts might not be deprived of their own fruits, and so that through many witnesses, and not through me alone, the establishment of the truth might receive an undisputed confirmation.

10.10.1 10. FROM THE THIRD BOOK OF THE CHRONOGRAPHIES OF AFRICANUS "Down to the Olympiads nothing accurate is recorded by the Greeks, as everything was confused and in no way agreeing among themselves with what came before; but these have been made precise by many, because the Greeks make their records not at a great interval, but every four years. For this reason, I will select the most famous and mythical stories and run through them down to the first Olympiad; and those after this I will join together chronologically, each one, if any are notable, the Hebrew with the Greek, narrating the Hebrew accounts, while touching upon the Greek, I will apply them in this way: having taken one Hebrew event synchronous with an event recorded by the Greeks, and holding to this, subtracting and adding, and noting which Greek or Persian or anyone else was contemporary with the Hebrews, I might perhaps attain my goal. 10.10.3 Now, the migration of the Hebrews is most notable, when they were taken captive by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and it extended for seventy years, as Jeremiah prophesied. Berossus the Baby10.10.4 lonian mentions this Nebuchadnezzar. After the 70 years of the captivity, Cyrus became king of the Persians, in whose year the 55th Olympiad was held, as can be found from the *Libraries* of Diodorus and the histories of Thallus and Castor, and also of Polybius and Phlegon, and also of others, who were concerned with the Olympiads; for the time agreed with all of them. 10.10.5 Cyrus, then, in the first year of his reign, which was the first year of the 55th Olympiad, through Zerubbabel, at whose time was Jesus son of Jozadak, made the first and partial dismissal of the people, when the seventy-year period was completed, as is recorded in Ezra among the Hebrews. The histories, therefore, of the reign of Cyrus and the end of the captivity and the events of the Olympiads will thus be found by us to be in agreement; for following these we will fit the remaining histories to one another according to the same principle. 10.10.7 But those before these times, the Attic chronology being reckoned somehow thus, from Ogygus, who was believed by them to be an autochthon, in whose time the great and first flood in Attica happened, while Phoroneus was king of the Argives, as Acusilaus relates, down to the first Olympiad, from which time the Greeks thought they reckoned time accurately, one thousand and twenty years are counted up, which also agrees with what has been said before 10.10.8 and will be shown in what follows. For these things are related by those who write the history of the Athenians, Hellanicus and Philochorus who wrote the *Atthides*, and Castor and Thallus who wrote Syrian history, and Diodorus who wrote of all things in his *Libraries*, and Alexander Polyhistor and certain others, who have made more accurate mention of our own affairs and of all Attic matters. If, therefore, any notable history occurs in the one thousand and twenty years, it will be selected according to its usefulness.” 10.10.9 And after a little he adds: "We say, therefore, from this point

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Φοινίκων τά τε Χαλδαίων καὶ Αἰγυπτίων ἀναγράψασι συνεχρήσαντο· ὁμοῦ δὲ οἱ πάντες, τὰ Ἑλληνικὰ καὶ τὰ βάρβαρα τά τε παρ' αὐτοῖς Ἑβραίοις συναγαγόντες καὶ τὰς παρὰ πᾶσιν ἱστορίας παραθέντες θατέρᾳ τε τὴν ἑτέραν συγκρούσαντες, τὰ παρὰ τοῖς πᾶσιν ὑπὸ τοὺς αὐτοὺς χρόνους πραχθέντα συνεξητά10.9.28 κασιν. εἶθ' ἕκαστος οἰκείαις μεθόδοις τὴν τῶν ἀποδεικνυμένων κατα σκευὴν πεποιημένος σύμφωνον καὶ ὁμολογουμένην τὴν ἀπόδειξιν εἰσηνέγκαντο. διὸ καὶ μάλιστα ταῖς αὐτῶν ἡγησάμην δεῖν παραχωρῆσαι φωναῖς τὸν παρόντα λόγον, ὅπως ὁμοῦ τῶν οἰκείων μὴ ἀποστεροῖντο καρπῶν οἱ τῶν λόγων πατέρες καὶ διὰ πλειόνων μαρτύρων, ἀλλὰ μὴ δι' ἑνὸς ἐμοῦ, ἡ σύστασις τῆς ἀληθείας ἀναμφίλεκτον λάβοι τὴν ἐπικύρωσιν.

10.10.1 ιʹ. ΑΠΟ ΤΟΥ ΤΡΙΤΟΥ ΤΩΝ ΑΦΡΙΚΑΝΟΥ ΧΡΟΝΟΓΡΑΦΙΩΝ «Μέχρι μὲν τῶν Ὀλυμπιάδων οὐδὲν ἀκριβὲς ἱστόρηται τοῖς Ἕλλησι, πάντων συγκεχυμένων καὶ κατὰ μηδὲν αὑτοῖς τῶν πρὸ τοῦ συμφωνούντων· αἱ δὲ ἠκρίβωνται πολλοῖς, τῷ μὴ ἐκ πλείστου διαστήματος, διὰ τετραετίας 10.10.2 δὲ τὰς ἀναγραφὰς αὐτῶν ποιεῖσθαι τοὺς Ἕλληνας. οὗ δὴ χάριν τὰς ἐνδοξοτάτας καὶ μυθώδεις ἐπιλεξάμενος ἱστορίας μέχρι τῆς πρώτης Ὀλυμπιάδος ἐπιδραμοῦμαι· τὰς δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα συζεύξας κατὰ χρόνον ἑκάστας, εἴ τινες ἐπίσημοι, ταῖς Ἑλληνικαῖς τὰς Ἑβραϊκάς, ἐξιστορῶν μὲν τὰ Ἑβραίων,ἐφαπτόμενος δὲ τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν, ἐφαρμόσω τόνδε τὸν τρόπον· λαβόμενος μιᾶς πράξεως Ἑβραϊκῆς ὁμοχρόνου πράξει ὑφ' Ἑλλήνων ἱστορηθείσῃ καὶ ταύτης ἐχόμενος ἀφαιρῶν τε καὶ προστιθεὶς τίς τε Ἕλλην ἢ Πέρσης ἢ καὶ ὁστισοῦν τῇ Ἑβραίων συνεχρόνισεν ἐπισημειούμενος, ἴσως ἂν τοῦ σκοποῦ τύχοιμι. 10.10.3 Ἑβραίων μὲν οὖν ἡ μετοικία ἐπισημοτάτη, αἰχμαλωτισθέντων ὑπὸ Ναβουχοδονόσορ βασιλέως Βαβυλῶνος, παρέτεινεν ἔτη ἑβδομήκοντα, καθὰ προεφήτευσεν Ἱερεμίας. τοῦ δὴ Ναβουχοδονόσορ μνημονεύει Βηρωσσὸς ὁ Βα10.10.4 βυλώνιος. μετὰ δὲ τὰ οʹ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας ἔτη Κῦρος Περσῶν ἐβασίλευσεν, ᾧ ἔτει Ὀλυμπιὰς ἤχθη νεʹ, ὡς ἐκ τῶν Βιβλιοθηκῶν ∆ιοδώρου καὶ τῶν Θαλλοῦ καὶ Κάστορος ἱστοριῶν, ἔτι δὲ Πολυβίου καὶ Φλέγοντος ἔστιν εὑρεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἑτέρων, οἷς ἐμέλησεν Ὀλυμπιάδων· ἅπασι γὰρ συνεφώνησεν 10.10.5 ὁ χρόνος. Κῦρος δ' οὖν τῷ πρώτῳ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἔτει, ὅπερ ἦν Ὀλυμπιάδος νεʹ ἔτος τὸ πρῶτον, διὰ Ζοροβάβελ, καθ' ὃν Ἰησοῦς ὁ τοῦ Ἰωσεδέκ, τὴν πρώτην καὶ μερικὴν ἀπόπεμψιν ἐποιήσατο τοῦ λαοῦ, πληρωθείσης τῆς ἑβδομηκον10.10.6 ταετίας, ὡς ἐν τῷ Ἔσδρᾳ παρὰ τοῖς Ἑβραίοις ἱστόρηται. αἱ μὲν οὖν ἱστορίαι συντρέχουσι Κύρου τε βασιλείας καὶ αἰχμαλωσίας τέλους καὶ τὰ κατὰ τὰς Ὀλυμπιάδας οὕτως εἰς ἡμᾶς εὑρεθήσεται συμφωνήσαντα· τούτοις γὰρ ἑπόμενοι καὶ τὰς λοιπὰς ἱστορίας κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον ἀλλήλαις ἐφαρμόσομεν. 10.10.7 τὰς δὲ πρὸ τούτων ὡδί πως τῆς Ἀττικῆς χρονογραφίας ἀριθμουμένης, ἀπὸ Ὠγύγου τοῦ παρ' ἐκείνοις αὐτόχθονος πιστευθέντος, ἐφ' οὗ γέγονεν ὁ μέγας καὶ πρῶτος ἐν τῇ Ἀττικῇ κατακλυσμός, Φορωνέως Ἀργείων βασιλεύοντος, ὡς Ἀκουσίλαος ἱστορεῖ, μέχρι πρώτης Ὀλυμπιάδος, ὁπόθεν Ἕλληνες ἀκριβοῦντοὺς χρόνους ἐνόμισαν, ἔτη συνάγεται χίλια εἴκοσιν, ὡς καὶ τοῖς προειρημένοις 10.10.8 συμφωνεῖ καὶ τοῖς ἑξῆς δειχθήσεται. ταῦτα γὰρ οἱ τὰ Ἀθηναίων ἱστοροῦντες, Ἑλλάνικός τε καὶ Φιλόχορος οἱ τὰς Ἀτθίδας, οἵ τε τὰ Σύρια Κάστωρ καὶ Θαλλὸς καὶ ὁ τὰ πάντων ∆ιόδωρος ὁ τὰς Βιβλιοθήκας Ἀλέξανδρός τε ὁ Πολυΐστωρ καί τινες, οἳ τῶν καθ' ἡμᾶς ἀκριβέστερον ἐμνήσθησαν καὶ τῶν Ἀττικῶν ἁπάντων. εἴ τις οὖν ἐν τοῖς χιλίοις εἴκοσιν ἔτεσιν ἐπίσημος ἱστορία τυγχάνει, κατὰ τὸ χρήσιμον ἐκλεγήσεται.» 10.10.9 Καὶ μετὰ βραχέα ἐπιλέγει· «Φαμὲν τοίνυν ἔκ γε τοῦδε