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to walk according to the flesh, but it is necessary also to walk according to the spirit; since it is not sufficient for our salvation to turn away from evil, but we must also do good. And this will be, if we give up our soul to the spirit, and persuade the flesh to recognize its proper place. For thus we shall make it spiritual; just as, if we are slothful, we shall also make the soul carnal. 60.517 7. For since He has not placed the gift under the necessity of nature, but has entrusted it to the freedom of choice, it is now in you to become either this or that. For all things from Him are made perfect; for sin does not war against the law of our mind, nor take us captive, as before, but all those things have ceased and are dissolved, and the passions cower in fear and trembling at the grace of the Spirit. But if you extinguish the light, cast out the charioteer, and drive away the pilot, then reckon the tempest to yourself. For that virtue has now become easier, for which reason the requirement of philosophy is also great, learn how human affairs were situated when the law prevailed, and how they are now that grace has shone forth. For things which previously seemed possible to no one, virginity, and contempt for death, and for the other greater passions, these have now been achieved everywhere in the world. And not only among us, but also among Scythians and Thracians and Indians and Persians, and among many other barbarians, there are choirs of virgins and companies of martyrs and bands of monks, and these are now more numerous than those who are married, and an intensification of fasting and an excess of poverty; things which, except for one or two, those living according to the law were not able to imagine even in a dream. Seeing, therefore, the truth of these things crying out more clearly than a trumpet, do not grow soft, nor betray so great a grace. For it is not possible, even after faith, to be saved while being slothful. For the struggles are easy, that you may conquer by striving, not that you may sleep, nor that you may misuse the greatness of the grace as a pretext for sloth, wallowing again in your former mire. Therefore he also adds, saying: But they that are in the flesh cannot please God. What then? shall we cut up the body, he says, that we may please God, and go out from the flesh, and do you bid us to be murderers, leading us to virtue? Do you see how many absurdities are born, if we take what is said simply? Here too by "flesh" he means not the body, nor the substance of the body, but the carnal and worldly life, full of luxury and dissipation, which makes the whole person flesh. For just as those who are winged by the spirit also make the body spiritual, so those who leap away from this, but serve the belly and pleasure, also make the soul flesh, not by changing its substance, but by destroying its nobility. And this manner of speech is also found in many places in the Old Testament, with "flesh" signifying the gross and earthly life, entangled with unseemly pleasures. For to Noah he says: My spirit shall not abide in these men, because they are flesh. And yet Noah himself was clothed in flesh; but this was not the accusation, to be clothed in flesh; for this is of nature; but that the carnal life had been chosen. For this reason Paul also says: But they that are in the flesh cannot please God; and he added, But you are not in the flesh, but in the spirit, not speaking of flesh simply again, but of such flesh, that which is dragged along by the passions, that which is tyrannized. And for what reason, he says, did he not speak thus, nor set forth the distinction? To lift up the hearer, and to show that he who lives rightly will not even be in the body. For since it was clear to everyone that the spiritual man is not in sin 60.518, he sets forth the greater point, that the spiritual man is not only not in sin, but is no longer even in the flesh, having already become an angel from this point on, and having ascended to heaven, and henceforth carrying the body about simply. But if on this account you slander the flesh, because by its name he calls the carnal life; you will also slander the world in this way, since also

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σάρκα περιπατεῖν, ἀλλὰ δεῖ καὶ κατὰ πνεῦμα βαδίζειν· ἐπειδήπερ οὐκ ἀπόχρη πρὸς σωτηρίαν ἡμῖν τὸ ἐκκλῖναι ἀπὸ κακοῦ, ἀλλὰ δεῖ καὶ τὰ ἀγαθὰ ποιεῖν. Τοῦτο δὲ ἔσται, ἂν τῷ πνεύματι τὴν ψυχὴν ἐκδῶμεν, καὶ τὴν σάρκα πείθωμεν τὴν οἰκείαν τάξιν ἐπιγινώσκειν. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ αὐτὴν ἐργασόμεθα πνευματικήν· ὥσπερ οὖν, ἐὰν ῥᾳθυμῶμεν, καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ποιήσομεν σαρκικήν. 60.517 ζʹ. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οὐκ ἀνάγκη φύσεως τὸ δῶρον ἐνέθηκεν, ἀλλ' ἐλευθερία προαιρέσεως ἐνεχείρισεν, ἐν σοὶ λοιπόν ἐστι καὶ τοῦτο γενέσθαι κἀκεῖνο. Τὰ γὰρ παρ' αὐτοῦ πάντα ἀπήρτισται· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀντιστρατεύεται τῷ νόμῳ τοῦ νοὸς ἡμῶν ἡ ἁμαρτία, οὐδὲ αἰχμαλωτίζει, καθάπερ ἔμπροσθεν, ἀλλὰ πάντα ἐκεῖνα πέπαυται καὶ καταλύεται, καὶ κατέπτηχε τὰ πάθη δεδοικότα καὶ τρέμοντα τὴν τοῦ Πνεύματος χάριν. Εἰ δὲ σὺ τὸ φῶς σβεννύεις, τὸν ἡνίοχον ἐκβάλλεις, καὶ τὸν κυβερνήτην ἐλαύνεις, σαυτῷ λογίζου λοιπὸν τὸ κλυδώνιον. Ὅτι γὰρ νῦν εὐκολωτέρα ἡ ἀρετὴ γέγονε, διὸ καὶ πολλὴ ἡ ἐπίτασις τῆς φιλοσοφίας, κατάμαθε πῶς μὲν, ἡνίκα ὁ νόμος ἐκράτει, τὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων διέκειτο πράγματα, πῶς δὲ νῦν, ἐπειδὴ ἡ χάρις ἔλαμψεν. Ἃ γὰρ μηδενὶ πρότερον ἐδόκει εἶναι δυνατὰ, παρθενία, καὶ θανάτου ὑπεροψία, καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν πλειόνων παθῶν, ταῦτα πανταχοῦ τῆς οἰκουμένης κατώρθωται νῦν. Καὶ οὐ παρ' ἡμῖν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ παρὰ Σκύθαις καὶ Θρᾳξὶ καὶ Ἰνδοῖς καὶ Πέρσαις, καὶ ἑτέροις δὲ βαρβάροις πλείοσι, καὶ παρθένων χοροὶ καὶ μαρτύρων δῆμοι καὶ μοναχῶν συμμορίαι, καὶ πλείους οὗτοι λοιπὸν τῶν γεγαμηκότων εἰσὶ, καὶ νηστείας ἐπίτασις καὶ ἀκτημοσύνης ὑπερβολή· ἅπερ, πλὴν ἑνὸς ἢ δυεῖν, οὐ φαντασθῆναι ὄναρ οἱ κατὰ τὸν νόμον ἠδυνήθησαν πολιτευόμενοι. Ὁρῶν τοίνυν σάλπιγγος λαμπρότερον βοῶσαν τὴν τῶν πραγμάτων ἀλήθειαν, μὴ καταμαλακίζου, μηδὲ προδίδου τὴν τοσαύτην χάριν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ δυνατὸν, οὐδὲ μετὰ τὴν πίστιν, ῥᾳθυμοῦντα σωθῆναι. Εὔκολα γὰρ τὰ παλαίσματα, ἵνα νικήσῃς ἀγωνιζόμενος, οὐχ ἵνα καθεύδῃς, οὐδ' ἵνα τῷ μεγέθει τῆς χάριτος πρὸς ῥᾳθυμίας ὑπόθεσιν ἀποχρήσῃ, τῷ βορβόρῳ πάλιν ἐγκαλινδούμενος τῷ προτέρῳ. ∆ιὸ καὶ ἐπάγει λέγων· Οἱ δὲ ἐν σαρκὶ ὄντες, Θεῷ ἀρέσαι οὐ δύνανται. Τί οὖν; κατακόψομεν τὸ σῶμα, φησὶν, ἵνα ἀρέσωμεν τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ ἐξέλθωμεν ἀπὸ τῆς σαρκὸς, καὶ ἀνδροφόνους ἡμᾶς εἶναι κελεύεις, ἐπ' ἀρετὴν ἄγων; Ὁρᾷς πόσα ἄτοπα τίκτεται, ἐὰν ἁπλῶς τὰ λεγόμενα ἐκδεξώμεθα; Σάρκα καὶ ἐνταῦθα οὐ τὸ σῶμά φησιν, οὐδὲ τὴν οὐσίαν τοῦ σώματος, ἀλλὰ τὸν σαρκικὸν βίον καὶ κοσμικὸν, καὶ τρυφῆς καὶ ἀσωτίας γέμοντα, τὸν ὅλον σάρκα ποιοῦντα τὸν ἄνθρωπον. Ὥσπερ γὰρ οἱ τῷ πνεύματι πτερούμενοι, καὶ τὸ σῶμα πνευματικὸν ἐργάζονται· οὕτως οἱ τούτου μὲν ἀποπηδῶντες, γαστρὶ δὲ καὶ ἡδονῇ δουλεύοντες, καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν σάρκα ποιοῦσιν, οὐ τὴν οὐσίαν αὐτῆς μεταβάλλοντες, ἀλλὰ τὴν εὐγένειαν αὐτῆς ἀπολλύντες. Καὶ οὗτος τῆς λέξεως ὁ τρόπος καὶ ἐν τῇ Παλαιᾷ πολλαχοῦ κεῖται, σάρκα σημαίνων τὸν παχὺν καὶ πηλώδη βίον, καὶ ἡδοναῖς ἐμπεπλεγμένον ἀτόποις. Καὶ γὰρ τῷ Νῶέ φησιν· Οὐ μὴ καταμείνῃ τὸ πνεῦμά μου ἐν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τούτοις, διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτοὺς σάρκας. Καίτοι καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Νῶε σάρκα περιέκειτο· ἀλλ' οὐκ ἦν τοῦτο ἔγκλημα τὸ περικεῖσθαι σάρκα· τοῦτο γὰρ τῆς φύσεως· ἀλλὰ τὸ σαρκικὸν ἀνῃρῆσθαι βίον. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Παῦλός φησιν· Οἱ δὲ ἐν σαρκὶ ὄντες, Θεῷ ἀρέσαι οὐ δύνανται· καὶ ἐπήγαγεν, Ὑμεῖς δὲ οὐκ ἐστὲ ἐν σαρκὶ, ἀλλ' ἐν πνεύματι, οὐχ ἁπλῶς σάρκα λέγων πάλιν, ἀλλὰ τὴν τοιαύτην σάρκα, τὴν συρομένην ὑπὸ τῶν παθῶν, τὴν τυραννουμένην. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν, φησὶν, οὐχ οὕτως εἶπεν, οὐδὲ τὴν διαφορὰν τέθεικεν; Ἐπαίρων τὸν ἀκροατὴν, καὶ δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐδὲ ἐν σώματι ἔσται ὁ ὀρθῶς βιῶν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τὸ ἐν ἁμαρτίᾳ 60.518 μὴ εἶναι τὸν πνευματικὸν, παντί που δῆλον ἦν, οὗτος τὸ μεῖζον τίθησιν, ὅτι οὐ μόνον ἐν ἁμαρτίᾳ, ἀλλ' ὅτι οὐδὲ ἐν σαρκὶ λοιπόν ἐστιν ὁ πνευματικὸς ἄνθρωπος, ἄγγελος ἐντεῦθεν ἤδη γενόμενος, καὶ πρὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀναβὰς, καὶ λοιπὸν τὸ σῶμα ἁπλῶς περιφέρων. Εἰ δὲ διὰ τοῦτο τὴν σάρκα διαβάλλεις, ἐπειδὴ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτῆς τὸν σαρκικὸν καλεῖ βίον· καὶ τὸν κόσμον οὕτω διαβαλεῖς, ἐπειδὴ καὶ