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more barbarously. Cleombrotus therefore asked Philip who the young man was and where he was from. And having learned his name and city; "We are not unaware ourselves, Heracleon," he said, "that we are engaged in strange discussions, but it is not possible concerning great matters, without employing great principles,5.17.3 to arrive at a probable conclusion. But you are unaware that you are taking away what you grant. For you admit that there are demons; for in what do they differ from the gods, if they possess incorruptibility in their substance and in their virtue impassibility and sinlessness?5.17.4 While Heracleon was silently thinking something to himself about these things, Philip said: "But not only Empedocles, Heracleon, left behind evil demons, but also Plato and Xenocrates and Chrysippus; and further Democritus, praying to encounter 'propitious phantoms,' was clearly aware of others that were perverse5.17.5 and wicked, having certain choices and impulses. But concerning the death of such beings I have heard a story from a man who was not foolish nor a braggart. For Epitherses was the father of Aemilianus the rhetorician, whom some of you have heard,5.17.6 my fellow-citizen and a teacher of grammar. He said that once, while sailing to Italy, he embarked on a ship carrying merchandise and many passengers; and when it was already evening, near the Echinades islands, the wind died down and the ship, drifting, came near Paxi; and that most of the passengers were awake and drinking, since they had had their dinner; suddenly a voice was heard from the island of Paxi, calling on one Thamus with a shout, so that they were amazed; for Thamus was an Egyptian pilot, not known by name to many of those on board. Twice, then, when called, he was silent, but the third time he answered the caller, and that one, raising his voice, said: 'When you5.17.7 are over against Palodes, announce that Great Pan is dead.' Epitherses said that upon hearing this all were astounded, and as they discussed among themselves whether it would be better to do what was commanded or not to meddle but let it be, Thamus decided this: if there should be a wind, to sail past in silence,5.17.8 but if a calm and stillness should fall about the place, to proclaim what he had heard. So when he came opposite Palodes, and there was neither wind nor wave, Thamus, looking from the stern toward the land, said, just as he had heard, that Great Pan is dead, and he had no sooner stopped than there arose a great lamentation, not of one, but of many,5.17.9 mingled with amazement. And since many people were present, the story was quickly spread in Rome, and Thamus was summoned by Tiberius Caesar; and Tiberius so believed the story that he made inquiries and researched concerning Pan; and the scholars around him, who were many, conjectured that he was the one born of Hermes and Penelope.5.17.10 Philip, then, had some of those present as witnesses, who had heard it from the elder Aemilianus. But Demetrius said that of the islands around Britain there are many which are deserted and scattered, some of which are named for demons and heroes; and that he himself had sailed, for the sake of inquiry and sightseeing, at the behest of the emperor, to the nearest of the deserted islands, which had not many inhabitants, but all were sacred and inviolable in the eyes of the Britons.5.17.11 And when he had just arrived, a great disturbance in the air and many portents occurred, and winds broke forth and whirlwinds fell. When it abated, the islanders said that an eclipse of one of the greater beings had occurred; for just as a lamp when lit, they said, has nothing terrible, but when it is extinguished is grievous to many, so the great souls have their shinings-forth gracious and harmless, but their extinctions and deaths often, as now, breed winds and hailstorms, and often5.17.12 poison the air with pestilential afflictions. There is, however, one island there, in which Cronus is confined, guarded by Briareus while he sleeps; for sleep has been devised as a bond for him; and around him are many demons as followers and attendants.”5.17.13 So much from Plutarch.

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βαρβαρικώτερον. ἠρώτησεν οὖν ὁ Κλεόμβροτος τὸν Φίλιππον ὅστις εἴη καὶ ὁπόθεν ὁ νεανίας. πυθόμενος δὲ τοὔνομα καὶ τὴν πόλιν· Οὐδὲ αὐτοὺς ἡμᾶς, ἔφη, λανθάνομεν, ὦ Ἡρακλέων, ἐν λόγοις ἀτόποις γεγονότες, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστι περὶ πραγμάτων μεγάλων μὴ μεγάλαις προσχρησάμε5.17.3 νον ἀρχαῖς ἐπὶ τὸ εἰκὸς τῇ δόξῃ προελθεῖν. σὺ δὲ σεαυτὸν λέληθας ὃ δίδως ἀφαιρούμενος. ὁμολογεῖς γὰρ εἶναι δαίμονας· τίνι γὰρ τῶν θεῶν διαφέρουσιν, εἰ καὶ κατ' οὐσίαν τὸ ἄφθαρτον καὶ κατ' ἀρετὴν τὸ ἀπαθὲς καὶ ἀναμάρτητον 5.17.4 ἔχουσιν; πρὸς ταῦτα τοῦ Ἡρακλέωνος σιωπῇ διανοουμένου τι πρὸς αὑτόν, ὁ Φίλιππος· Ἀλλὰ φαύλους μὲν δαίμονας οὐκ Ἐμπεδοκλῆς μόνον, ὦ Ἡρακλέων, ἀπέλιπεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ Πλάτων καὶ Ξενοκράτης καὶ Χρύσιππος· ἔτι δὲ ∆ημόκριτος εὐχόμενος «εὐλόγχων εἰδώλων» τυγχάνειν δῆλος ἦν ἕτερα δυσ5.17.5 τράπελα καὶ μοχθηρὰ γινώσκων, ἔχοντα προαιρέσεις τινὰς καὶ ὁρμάς. περὶ δὲ τοῦ θανάτου τῶν τοιούτων ἀκήκοα λόγον ἀνδρὸς οὐκ ἄφρονος οὐδὲ ἀλαζόνος. Αἰμιλιανοῦ γὰρ τοῦ ῥήτορος, οὗ καὶ ὑμῶν ἔνιοι διακηκόασιν, Ἐπι5.17.6 θέρσης ἦν πατήρ, ἐμὸς πολίτης καὶ διδάσκαλος γραμματικῶν. οὗτος ἔφη ποτὲ πλέων εἰς Ἰταλίαν ἐπιβῆναι νεὼς ἐμπορικὰ χρήματα καὶ συχνοὺς ἐπιβάτας ἀγούσης· ἑσπέρας δ' ἤδη περὶ τὰς Ἐχινάδας νήσους ἀποσβῆναι τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ τὴν ναῦν διαφερομένην πλησίον γενέσθαι Παξῶν· ἐγρηγορέναι δὲ τοὺς πλείστους καὶ πίνειν, ἐπεὶ δεδειπνηκότες ἦσαν· ἐξαίφνης δὲ φωνὴν ἀπὸ τῆς νήσου τῶν Παξῶν ἀκουσθῆναι, Θαμνοῦν τινος βοῇ καλοῦντος, ὥστε θαυμάζειν· ὁ γὰρ Θαμνοῦς Αἰγύπτιος ἦν κυβερνήτης, οὐδὲ τῶν ἐμπλεόντων γνώριμος πολλοῖς ἀπ' ὀνόματος. δὶς μὲν οὖν κληθέντα σιωπῆσαι, τὸ δὲ τρίτον ὑπακοῦσαι τῷ καλοῦντι, κἀκεῖνον ἐπιτείναντα τὴν φωνὴν εἰπεῖν· Ὁπόταν 5.17.7 γένῃ κατὰ τὸ Παλῶδες, ἀπάγγειλον ὅτι Πὰν ὁ μέγας τέθνηκεν. τοῦτο ἀκούσαντας ὁ Ἐπιθέρσης ἔφη πάντας ἐκπλαγῆναι καὶ διδόντων ἑαυτοῖς λόγον, εἴτε ποιῆσαι βέλτιον εἴη τὸ προστεταγμένον εἴτε μὴ πολυπραγμονεῖν, ἀλλ' ἐᾶν, οὕτω γνῶναι τὸν Θαμνοῦν, εἰ μὲν εἴη πνεῦμα, παραπλεῖν ἡσυχίαν ἔχοντα, 5.17.8 νηνεμίας δὲ καὶ γαλήνης περὶ τὸν τόπον γενομένης ἀνειπεῖν ἃ ἤκουσεν. ὡς οὖν ἐγένετο κατὰ τὸ Παλῶδες, οὔτε πνεύματος ὄντος οὔτε κλύδωνος, ἐκ πρύμνης βλέποντα τὸν Θαμνοῦν πρὸς τὴν γῆν εἰπεῖν, ὥσπερ ἤκουσεν, ὅτι ὁ μέγας Πὰν τέθνηκεν, οὐ φθῆναι δὲ παυσάμενον αὐτὸν καὶ γενέσθαι μέγαν οὐχ ἑνός, ἀλλὰ πολ5.17.9 λῶν στεναγμὸν ἅμα θαυμασμῷ μεμιγμένον. οἷα δὲ πολλῶν ἀνθρώπων παρόντων ταχὺ λόγον ἐν τῇ Ῥώμῃ σκεδασθῆναι καὶ Θαμνοῦν γενέσθαι μετάπεμπτον ὑπὸ Τιβερίου Καίσαρος· οὕτως δὲ πιστεῦσαι τῷ λόγῳ τὸν Τιβέριον ὥστε διαπυνθάνεσθαι καὶ ζητεῖν περὶ τοῦ Πανός· εἰκάζειν δὲ τοὺς περὶ αὐτὸν φιλολόγους συχνοὺς ὄντας τὸν ἐξ Ἑρμοῦ καὶ Πηνελόπης γεγενημένον. 5.17.10 ὁ μὲν οὖν Φίλιππος εἶχεν τῶν παρόντων ἐνίους μάρτυρας, Αἰμιλιανοῦ τοῦ γέροντος ἀκηκοότας. ὁ δὲ ∆ημήτριος ἔφη τῶν περὶ τὴν Βρεττανίαν νήσων εἶναι πολλὰς ἐρήμους σποράδας, ὧν ἐνίας δαιμόνων καὶ ἡρώων ὀνομάζεσθαι· πλεῦσαι δὲ αὐτὸς ἱστορίας καὶ θέας ἕνεκα πομπῇ τοῦ βασιλέως εἰς τὴν ἔγγιστα κειμένην τῶν ἐρήμων, ἔχουσαν οὐ πολλοὺς ἐποικοῦντας, ἱεροὺς δὲ καὶ ἀσύλους πάν5.17.11 τας ὑπὸ τῶν Βρεττανῶν ὄντας. ἀφιγμένου δὲ αὐτοῦ νεωστὶ σύγχυσιν μεγάλην περὶ τὸν ἀέρα καὶ διοσημείας πολλὰς γενέσθαι καὶ πνεύματα καταρραγῆναι καὶ πεσεῖν πρηστῆρας. ἐπεὶ δ' ἐλώφησεν, λέγειν τοὺς νησιώτας ὅτι τῶν κρεισσόνων τινὸς ἔκλειψις γέγονεν· ὡς γὰρ λύχνος ἀναπτόμενος, φάναι, δεινὸν οὐδὲν ἔχει, σβεννύμενος δὲ πολλοῖς λυπηρός ἐστιν, οὕτως αἱ μεγάλαι ψυχαὶ τὰς μὲν ἀναλάμψεις εὐμενεῖς καὶ ἀλύπους ἔχουσιν, αἱ δὲ σβέσεις αὐτῶν καὶ φθοραὶ πολλάκις μέν, ὡς νῦν, πνεύματα καὶ χαλάζας τρέφουσιν, πολλάκις 5.17.12 δὲ λοιμικοῖς πάθεσιν τὸν ἀέρα φαρμάττουσιν. ἐκεῖ μέντοι μίαν εἶναι νῆσον, ἐν ᾗ τὸν Κρόνον καθεῖρχθαι φρουρούμενον ὑπὸ τοῦ Βριάρεω καθεύδοντα· δεσμὸν γὰρ αὐτῷ τὸν ὕπνον μεμηχανῆσθαι· πολλοὺς δὲ περὶ αὐτὸν εἶναι δαίμονας ὀπαδοὺς καὶ θεράποντας.» 5.17.13 Τοσαῦτα ὁ Πλούταρχος.