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Attica; and in the time of Triopas, Prometheus and Epimetheus and Atlas and the two-natured Cecrops and10.11.21 Io; and in the time of Crotopus, the conflagration under Phaethon and the flood under Deucalion; and in the time of Sthenelus, both the reign of Amphictyon and the arrival of Danaus in the Peloponnese and the founding of Dardania by Dardanus 10.11.22 and the carrying off of Europa from Phoenicia to Crete; and in the time of Lynceus, the rape of Kore and the founding of the temple precinct in Eleusis and the agriculture of Triptolemus and the arrival of Cadmus in Thebes and the reign of Minos10.11.23; and in the time of Proetus, the war of Eumolpus against the Athenians; and in the time of Acrisius, the crossing of Pelops from Phrygia and the arrival of Ion in Athens and the second Cecrops and the deeds of Perseus; and in the reign of Agamemnon, Ilium was captured. 10.11.24 Therefore Moses has been shown, from what has been said before, to be the most ancient of heroes, cities, and daemons. And one ought to trust him who has precedence in age rather than the Greeks who drew his doctrines from a source without full knowledge. 10.11.25 For many of their sophists, employing misplaced ingenuity, attempted to adulterate whatever they learned from those of Moses' time and from those who philosophized like him, first, that they might be thought to say something of their own, and second, in order that whatever they did not understand, concealing by some counterfeit rhetoric, they might misrepresent the truth as mythology. 10.11.26 Now concerning, then, our way of life and the history according to our laws, both what the learned men among the Greeks have said and how many and who they are that have mentioned it, will be shown in the work *Against Those Who Propound Opinions Concerning God*10.11.27; but for the present matter, one must hasten to make clear with all accuracy that Moses is more ancient not only than Homer, but also than the writers before him: Linus, Philammon, Thamyris, Amphion, Orpheus, Musaeus, Demodocus, Phemius, Sibyl, Epimenides the Cretan, who came to Sparta, Aristaeus of Proconnesus and the one who wrote the *Arimaspea*, and Asbolus the Centaur and Isatidas and Drymon and Euclus the 10.11.28 Cyprian and Horus the Samian and Pronapides the Athenian. For Linus is the teacher of Heracles, and Heracles has been shown to be one generation earlier than the Trojan War. And this is evident from his son Tlepolemus, 10.11.29 who campaigned against Ilium. And Orpheus lived at the same time as Heracles, and besides, they say the works attributed to him were composed by Onomacritus the Athenian, who lived during the rule of the Peisistratids, 10.11.30 around the fiftieth Olympiad. And Musaeus was a disciple of Orpheus. And Amphion, preceding the Trojan War by two generations, keeps us from composing more for eager learners. And Demodocus and Phemius lived during the Trojan War itself; for the one passed his time among the suitors, the other among the Phaeacians. And Thamyris and Philammon are not much more ancient than these. 10.11.31 Concerning, then, the treatise on each account and of their times and record, as I think, we have written for you with very great accuracy; but in order that we may fill up what is still lacking, I will yet make the demonstration also concerning the so-called wise men.10.11.32 For Minos, who was thought to excel in all wisdom, sagacity, and legislation, lived in the time of Lynceus, who reigned after Danaus, in the eleventh generation after Inachus. And Lycurgus, born long after the capture of Ilium, legislated for the Lacedaemonians one hundred years before the Olympiads. 10.11.33 And Draco is found to have lived around the thirty-ninth Olympiad; Solon around the forty-sixth; Pythagoras in the sixty-second; and we have shown that the Olympiads occurred four hundred and seven years after the Trojan War.10.11.34 And these things having been thus demonstrated briefly, still also

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Ἀττική· κατὰ δὲ Τριόπαν Προμηθεὺς καὶ Ἐπιμηθεὺς καὶ Ἄτλας καὶ ὁ διφυὴς Κέκροψ καὶ10.11.21 ἡ Ἰώ· κατὰ δὲ Κροτωπὸν ἡ ἐπὶ Φαέθοντος ἐκπύρωσις καὶ ἡ ἐπὶ ∆ευκαλίωνος ἐπομβρία· κατὰ δὲ Σθενέλαον ἥ τε Ἀμφικτύονος βασιλεία καὶ ἡ εἰς Πελοπόννησον ∆αναοῦ παρουσία καὶ ἡ ὑπὸ ∆αρδάνου τῆς ∆αρδανίας κτίσις 10.11.22 ἥ τε ἐκ Φοινίκης τῆς Εὐρώπης εἰς τὴν Κρήτην ἀνακομιδή· κατὰ δὲ Λυγκέα τῆς Κόρης ἡ ἁρπαγὴ καὶ ἡ τοῦ ἐν Ἐλευσῖνι τεμένους καθίδρυσις καὶ ἡ Τριπτολέμου γεωργία καὶ ἡ Κάδμου εἰς Θήβας παρουσία Μίνωός τε βασι10.11.23 λεία· κατὰ δὲ Προῖτον ὁ Εὐμόλπου πρὸς Ἀθηναίους πόλεμος· κατὰ δὲ Ἀκρίσιον Πέλοπος ἀπὸ Φρυγίας διάβασις καὶ Ἴωνος εἰς τὰς Ἀθήνας ἄφιξιςκαὶ ὁ δεύτερος Κέκροψ αἵ τε Περσέως πράξεις· κατὰ δὲ τὴν Ἀγαμέμνονος βασιλείαν Ἴλιον ἑάλω. 10.11.24 Οὐκοῦν πέφηνεν ὁ Μωσῆς ἀπό γε τῶν προειρημένων πρεσβύτατος ἡρώων, πόλεων, δαιμόνων. καὶ χρὴ τῷ πρεσβεύοντι κατὰ τὴν ἡλικίαν πιστεύειν ἤπερ τοῖς ἀπὸ πηγῆς ἀρυσαμένοις Ἕλλησιν οὐ κατ' ἐπίγνωσιν τἀκείνου δόγματα. 10.11.25 πολλοὶ γὰρ οἱ κατ' αὐτοὺς σοφισταὶ κεχρημένοι περιεργίᾳ, οἳ ὅσα παρὰ τῶν κατὰ Μωσέα καὶ τῶν ὁμοίως αὐτῷ φιλοσοφούντων ἔγνωσαν, παραχαράττειν ἐπειράθησαν, πρῶτον μὲν ἵνα τι λέγειν ἴδιον νομισθῶσι, δεύτερον δ' ὅπως τὰ ὅσα μὴ συνίεσαν, διά τινος ἐπιπλάστου ῥητολογίας παρακαλύπτοντες ὡς μυθολογίαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν παραβραβεύσωσι. 10.11.26 Περὶ μὲν οὖν τῆς καθ' ἡμᾶς πολιτείας ἱστορίας τε τῆς κατὰ τοὺς ἡμετέρους νόμους ὅσα τε εἰρήκασιν οἱ παρὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησι λόγιοι καὶ πόσοι καὶ τίνες εἰσὶν οἱ μνημονεύσαντες, ἐν τῷ πρὸς τοὺς ἀποφηναμένους τὰ περὶ θεοῦ δειχθή10.11.27 σεται· τὸ δὲ νῦν ἔχον, σπευστέον μετὰ πάσης ἀκριβείας σαφηνίζειν ὡς οὐχ Ὁμήρου μόνον πρεσβύτερός ἐστιν ὁ Μωσῆς, ἔτι δὲ καὶ τῶν πρὸ αὐτοῦ συγγραφέων, Λίνου, Φιλάμμωνος, Θαμύριδος, Ἀμφίονος, Ὀρφέως, Μουσαίου, ∆ημοδόκου, Φημίου, Σιβύλλης, Ἐπιμενίδου τοῦ Κρητός, ὅστις εἰς τὴν Σπάρτην ἀφίκετο, Ἀρισταίου τοῦ Προκοννησίου καὶ τοῦ τὰ Ἀριμάσπια συγγράψαντος Ἀσβόλου τε τοῦ Κενταύρου καὶ Ἰσάτιδος ∆ρύμωνός τε καὶ Εὔκλου τοῦ 10.11.28 Κυπρίου καὶ Ὥρου τοῦ Σαμίου καὶ Προναπίδου τοῦ Ἀθηναίου. Λίνος μὲν γὰρ Ἡρακλέους ἐστὶ διδάσκαλος, ὁ δὲ Ἡρακλῆς μιᾷ τῶν Τρωϊκῶν προγενέστερος πέφηνε γενεᾷ. τοῦτο δέ ἐστι φανερὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ παιδὸς αὐτοῦ Τληπολέμου, 10.11.29 τοῦ στρατεύσαντος ἐπὶ Ἴλιον. Ὀρφεὺς δὲ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον Ἡρακλεῖ γέγονεν, ἄλλως τε καὶ τὰ εἰς αὐτὸν ἐπεισφερόμενά φασιν ὑπὸ Ὀνομακρίτου τοῦ Ἀθηναίου συντετάχθαι, γενομένου κατὰ τὴν Πεισιστρατιδῶν ἀρχήν, 10.11.30 περὶ τὴν πεντηκοστὴν Ὀλυμπιάδα. τοῦ δ' Ὀρφέως Μουσαῖος μαθητής. Ἀμφίων δὲ δυσὶ προάγων γενεαῖς τῶν Τρωϊκῶν τοῦ πλείονα πρὸς τοὺς φιλομαθεῖς συντάττειν ἡμᾶς ἀπείργει. ∆ημόδοκος δὲ καὶ Φήμιος κατ' αὐτὸν τὸν Τρωϊκὸν πόλεμον γεγόνασι· διέτριβον γὰρ ὁ μὲν παρὰ τοῖς μνηστῆρσιν, ὁ δὲ παρὰ τοῖς Φαίαξι. καὶ ὁ Θάμυρις καὶ ὁ Φιλάμμων οὐ πολὺ τούτων εἰσὶν ἀρχαιότεροι. 10.11.31 περὶ μὲν οὖν τῆς καθ' ἕκαστον λόγον πραγματείας χρόνων τε καὶ ἀναγραφῆς αὐτῶν, ὡς οἶμαι, σφόδρα μετὰ πάσης ὑμῖν ἀκριβείας ἀνεγράψαμεν· ἵνα δὲ καὶ τὸ μέχρι νῦν ἐνδέον ἀποπληρώσωμεν, ἔτι καὶ περὶ τῶν νομιζομένων σοφῶν ποιή10.11.32 σομαι τὴν ἀπόδειξιν. Μίνως μὲν γάρ, ὁ πάσης προὔχειν νομισθεὶς σοφίας ἀγχινοίας τε καὶ νομοθεσίας, ἐπὶ Λυγκέως τοῦ μετὰ ∆αναὸν βασιλεύσαντος γέγονεν, ἑνδεκάτῃ γενεᾷ μετὰ Ἴναχον. Λυκοῦργος δέ, πολὺ μετὰ τὴν Ἰλίου γεννηθεὶς ἅλωσιν, πρὸ τῶν Ὀλυμπιάδων ἔτεσιν ἑκατὸν νομοθετεῖ Λακεδαιμονίοις. 10.11.33 ∆ράκων δὲ περὶ Ὀλυμπιάδα τριακοστὴν καὶ ἐνάτην εὑρίσκεται γεγονώς· Σόλων περὶ τεσσαρακοστὴν καὶ ἕκτην· Πυθαγόρας κατὰ τὴν ἑξηκοστὴν δευτέραν· τὰς δὲ Ὀλυμπιάδας ὕστερον τῶν Ἰλιακῶν ἔτεσιν ἀπεδείξαμεν γεγονυίας 10.11.34 τετρακοσίοις ἑπτά. καὶ δὴ τούτων οὕτως ἀποδεδειγμένων διὰ βραχέων ἔτι καὶ